NOVON 10: 400-402. 2000.
Hideaki Ohba
University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Bruce M. Bartholomew
Botany Department, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599, U.S.A.
Nicholas J. Turland
Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.
Fu Kunjun (Fu Kun-tsun)
Herbarium, North-western Institute of Botany, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
Abstract. During the preparation of the account of the Crassulaceae for the Flora of China, Volume 8, it was decided that Phedimus Rafinesque should be separated from Sedum L. It is therefore necessary to publish new combinations in Phedimus for three varieties and one species previously recognized in Sedum: P. aizoon (L.) ’t Hart var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov., P. aizoon var. scabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov., P. aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov., and P. hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex T. N. Liou) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. One subgeneric name, Phedimus subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schönland) H. Ohba & Turland, is validated; it was first proposed by ’t Hart but with an erroneous (and uncorrectable) basionym citation. The name Sedum aizoon L. var. scabrum Maximowicz is lectototypified.
The most widely accepted infrageneric classification of Sedum L. was first outlined by Ohba (1978). Until then, most species of the Sedoideae were classified in Sedum. Ohba (1978) classified S. aizoon L. and allied species in S. subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schönland) H. Ohba. In the most recent commentaries on the Asian Sedoideae, Ohba (1995) separated S. subg. Aizoon from S. subg. Spathulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, treating the former as a distinct genus under the name Aizopsis Grulich, while ’t Hart (1995) included S. subg. Aizoon and S. subg. Spathulata in Phedimus Rafinesque. Ham (1995) as well as Ham and ’t Hart (1998) demonstrated that S. subg. Aizoon and S. subg. Spathulata are paraphyletic with respect to S. subg. Sedum. Though the species of S. subg. Spathulata differ from those of S. subg. Aizoon by their creeping sterile stems, purple or white petals, and nearly smooth testae (Ohba, 1978), these differences are insufficient to justify separation at generic rank, and so ’t Hart’s treatment is followed here. Except for Gontcharova (1999), Aizopsis has never been used in Asian regional floras. Ohba has adopted Phedimus in the new English-language Flora of Japan (Ohba, in press) and will do likewise in the forthcoming account of the Crassulaceae for the Flora of China, Volume 8 (Fu & Ohba, in press). Most combinations in Phedimus were published by ’t Hart (1995), but the following additional new combinations are needed for the Flora of China.
Sedum, Phedimus, P. subg. Phedimus, and P. subg. Aizoon are distinguished as follows:
1a. Leaves terete or semiterete in cross section, margin always entire; testa reticulate or papillate-reticulate...Sedum
1b. Leaves flattened, margin serrate or crenate; testa longitudinally costate or subsmooth...Phedimus
2a. Petals purple or white; creeping sterile stem present; testa subsmooth...Phedimus subg. Phedimus
2b. Petals yellow; creeping sterile stem absent; testa longitudinally costate...Phedimus subg. Aizoon
Phedimus Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 438. 1817.
Phedimus subg. Phedimus. Asterosedum Grulich, Preslia 56: 38. 1984. TYPE (designated by ’t Hart, 1991: 52): Phedimus stellatus (L.) Rafinesque (Sedum stellatum L.; Asterosedum stellatum (L.) Grulich).
Spathulata (Borissova) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Taxon 34: 163. 1985. Sedum sect. Sedum subsect. Spathulata Borissova, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 117. 1970. Sedum subg. Spathulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 12: 178. 1978. Phedimus sect. Spathulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, in ’t Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 156. 1995. TYPE: Spathulata spuria (Marschall von Bieberstein) Á. Löve & D. Löve (Sedum spurium Marschall von Bieberstein; Phedimus spurius (Marschall von Bieberstein) ’t Hart).
When ’t Hart (1991: 52) lectotypified Phedimus, that genus became homotypic with the later name Asterosedum, which was typified by A. stellatum in its protologue. Therefore, Asterosedum is now nomenclaturally superfluous, but it remains legitimate because the two names were not homotypic when Asterosedum was first published (St. Louis Code, Art. 52 Note 2, Greuter et al., 2000).
Phedimus subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schönland) H. Ohba & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum sect. Aizoon L. K. A. Koch ex Schönland, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2a): 30. 1890. Sedum subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schönland) H. Ohba, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 12: 179. 1978. Aizopsis Grulich, Preslia 56: 35. 1984. TYPE: Phedimus aizoon (L.) ’t Hart (Sedum aizoon L.; Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich).
The combination Phedimus subg. Aizoon was first proposed by ’t Hart (1995: 168). However, the basionym ’t Hart cited ("Sedum sect. Aizoon [W. D. J.] Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. [Helv.], 259. 1835") does not exist. No S. sect. Aizoon was published by Koch in his account of Sedum in Synopsis florae germanicae et helveticae (Koch, 1835: 257--261). Therefore, ’t Hart’s combination is invalid under Article 33.3 of the St. Louis Code (Greuter et al., 2000). Unfortunately, this incorrect basionym citation cannot be treated as an error to be corrected under Article 33.4 (since it is an omission) or Article 33.6, thus necessitating the current nomenclatural action.
Phedimus aizoon (L.) ’t Hart, in ’t Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L., Sp. Pl. 1: 430. 1753. Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich, Preslia 56: 37. 1984. TYPE: not designated; original material: Herb. Linn. 595.1 (LINN); [icon] "Anacampseros flore flavo" Amman, Stirp. Rar. Ruth. 96, t. 11. 1739.
Phedimus aizoon var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. latifolium Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9 [Prim. Fl. Amur.]: 115. 1859. TYPE: Russia. Amur River region: "in der Nähe der Bureja-Mündung," 23 Aug 1856, Maximowicz s.n. (holotype, LE).
Sedum austromanshuricum Nakai & Kitagawa, Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. 4, 1: 26. 1934 [as "austro-manshuricum"]. Sedum aizoon L. var. austromanshuricum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitagawa, Lin. Fl. Manshur. 247. 1939 [as "austro-manshuricum"]. TYPE: China. Hebei: "in monte Wu-ling-shan [Wuling Shan]," 2 Sep 1933, T. Nakai, M. Honda & M. Kitagawa 1925 (holotype, TI).
Phedimus aizoon var. scabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. scabrum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 144. 1883. TYPE: Mongolia/China. "Mongolia australis: Siwan-tze" [? = Xiwanzi, now Chongli, NW of Beijing in Hebei Province], 1877, Artselaer s.n. (lectotype here designated, LE).
Ten syntypes were cited by Maximowicz in the protologue: the first three from "Mongolia australis" and the others from China, although all were probably collected in what is now Chinese territory. The first cited syntype, at LE, collected from "Siwan-tze," agrees with the taxon as currently understood with its narrowly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate leaves and is here designated as the lectotype. The second cited syntype, also at LE, collected from "Alaschan" by Przewalski in July 1873, better resembles Phedimus hybridus (L.) ’t Hart in its broadly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate leaves. The authors have not traced the other syntypes.
Phedimus aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. yamatutae Kitagawa, Lin. Fl. Manshur. 247. 1939 [as "Yamatutai"]. TYPE: China. Liaoning: "Prov. Feng-t’ien: In montibus Chien-shan [Qian Shan]," s.d., K. Yamatuta s.n. (holotype, TI).
Sedum aizoon L. f. angustifolium Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 6: 9. 1883 [as "angustifolia"]. TYPE: China. Hebei: "environs de Pékin [Beijing]," s.d., David 566 (holotype, P).
Phedimus hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum hsinganicum Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang, in T. N. Liou, Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Orient. 4: 230, t. 108. 1980. TYPE: China. Nei Mongol: Hulun Buir Meng, Ergun Youqi, 750 m, 8 Aug. 1951, Z. Wang 1834 (holotype, IFP not seen).
Acknowledgments. We thank Anthony R. Brach (MO c/o Harvard University Herbaria) for providing copies of literature, and Michael G. Gilbert (MO c/o BM) for help in preparing the manuscript.
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