香蒲科 xiang pu ke
Sun Kun (孙坤)[1]; David A. Simpson[2]
??synonym: Rohrbachia (Kronfeld ex Riedl) Mavrodiev.
Herbs, perennial, of marshes or aquatic, with creeping rhizomes. Leaves alternate, erect, distichous, linear, usually spongy, margin entire, sheathed at base. Plants monoecious; flowers unisexual, minute, numerous, densely crowded in a cylindrical spike; upper part staminate, lower pistillate; bracts leaflike. Perianth absent. Male flowers consisting of 1–3 stamens usually connate at base of filaments, surrounded by hairs; anthers 2-thecous, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; filaments short; pollen grains in monads or tetrads. Female flowers: ovary 1-loculed, on a long capillary stalk with many fine hairs or bracteoles at base; styles capillary; stigmas broadened or spatulate; ovule 1; sterile ovary without style. Fruit minute, falling off together with stalk.
One genus and about 16 species: tropical and temperate regions; 12 species (two endemic) in China.
??Typha angustifolia var. angustata - see Fl. Liaoning
??Typha angustifolia var. angustifolia - see Fl. Liaoning
??Typha angustifolia subsp. javanica (Schnizl.) Graebn., Pflanzenr. 2(IV. 8): 13. 1900.
??Typha capensis Rohrb.
??Typha gracilis var. davidiana Kronf. - see Fl. Liaoning
??Typha laxmannii var. davidiana - see Fl. Liaoning
??Typha laxmannii var. mongolica - see Fl. Hebei
??Typha latifolia f. remota Skv. - see Fl. Liaoning
??Typha martini H. Léveillé & Vaniot (1902) = T. bodinieri H. Lév. & Vaniot, not Jordan (1850); Rohrbachia martini Mavrodiev.
??Typha minima var. regelii Kronfeld, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 39: 147. 1889.
??Typha minor Smith
??Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov in Baranov & Skvortsov, Diagn. Pl. 1. 1943.
香蒲属 xiang pu shu
Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family.
2a. Pistillate part of spikes not separated from staminate part.
3a. Stigmas spatulate; hairs on stalk of pistillate flowers
ca. as long as style
1. T. orientalis
3b. Stigmas lanceolate; hairs on stalk of pistillate
flowers shorter than style
2.
T. latifolia
2b. Pistillate part of spikes separated from staminate part.
4a. Stigmas linear, slender; axis of staminate part in spikes with brown hairs, hairs furcate or not 3. T. przewalskii
4b. Stigmas spatulate; axis of staminate part in spikes with whitish or yellowish brown hairs, hairs not furcate.
5a. Stems 1.5–2 m tall, hairs on stalk of pistillate
flowers shorter than style
.................................................................................................... 4.
T. changbaiensis
5b. Stems 0.8–1.3 m tall, hairs on stalk of pistillate flowers ca. as long as style 5. T. laxmannii
1b. Pistillate flowers with bracteoles; pistillate part of spikes separated from staminate part.
6a. Stems less than 0.8 m, with sheathlike leaves at base.
7a. Axis of staminate part in spikes with hairs; leaves 2–4 mm wide ............... 12. T. gracilis
7b. Axis of staminate part in spikes without hairs; leaves 1–2 mm wide.
8a. Hairs on stalk of pistillate flowers swelling at tip, shorter than style ......... 10. T. minima
8b. Hairs on stalk of pistillate flowers not swelling at
tip, ca. as long as style
............................................................................................................. 11.
T. pallida
6b. Stems more than 1 m, without sheathlike leaves.
9a. Bracteoles spatulate or nearly triangular; stigmas lanceolate (to linear??) 9. T. davidiana
9b. Bracteoles not spatulate; stigmas linear to lanceolate.
10a. Leaves abaxially carinate, transverse section triangular; bracteoles linear 6. T. elephantina
10b. Leaves abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular; bracteoles filiform to triangular.
11a. Anthers ca. 2 mm; stigmas ca. as broad as styles ........................... 7. T. angustifolia
11b. Anthers ca. 1.4 mm; stigmas broader than styles; bracts longer than ?? 8. T. angustata
东方香蒲 dong fang xiang pu
??Typha latifolia Linnaeus subsp. orientalis Presl, Epim. Bot. 239. 1849; T. latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl.) Rohrbach; ??T. shuttleworthii Koch & Sonder; T. shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebner in Engler, Pflanzenr. 8: 10. 1900; ??T. shuttleworthii var. orientalis Rohrb.
Stems 1.3–2 m tall, stout. Leaves 40–70 cm × 4–9 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 2.7–9 cm, with 1–3 deciduous bracts at base or occasionally in middle portion; pistillate part of spikes not separated from staminate part, 4.5–15 cm, with 1 deciduous bract at base; stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4; anthers ca. 3 mm. Female flowers without bracteoles; ovary fusiform to lanceolate; stalk ca. 2.5 mm, slender; styles 1.2–2 mm; stigmas spatulate, 0.5–0.8 mm; hairs on stalk ca. as long as style. Fruit elliptical. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 60.
In lakes, ponds, channels, swamps, and slowly-moving rivers. Anhui, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, ??Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, ??Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, ??Mongolia, ??Myanmar, Philippines, Russia; Australia].
宽叶香蒲 kuan ye xiang pu
Stems 1–2.5 m tall, stout. Leaves 45–95 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially convex, transverse section semilunate. Staminate part of spikes 3.5–12 cm, with 1–3 deciduous bracts at base or occasionally in middle portion; pistillate part of spikes not separated from staminate part, 5–23 cm; stamens usually 2; anthers ca. 3 mm. Female flowers without bracteoles; ovary lanceolate; stalk ca. 4 mm, slender; styles 2.5–3 mm; stigmas lanceolate, 1–1.2 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fruit lanceolate. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 30.
In lakes, ponds, channels, swamps and slowly-moving rivers. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang [Japan, Pakistan, Russia; America [North and/or South??], Australia, Europe].
普香蒲 pu xiang pu
Stems 1.3–2.2 m tall, stout at base. Leaves 80–100 cm × 5–13 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semilunate or rarely semicircular. Staminate part of spikes with 1 or 2 deciduous bracts, axis with brown hairs; pistillate part of spikes separated from staminate part, 8–20 cm, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., with 1 bract at base. Female flowers without bracteoles; ovary obconical; stalk 3.5–4.5 mm, slender; styles 2–4 mm; stigmas linear, ca. 1 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fruit fusiform. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
* In shallow rivers or swamps. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning.
长白香蒲 chang bai xiang pu
Stems 1.5–2 m tall, stout. Leaves 80–100 cm × 6–10 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semilunate. Staminate part of spikes 12–14 cm, axis with curved whitish hairs, usually with 1 bract at base and 1 bract near apex; bracts deciduous; pistillate part of spikes 10–12 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., separated from staminate part; stamens 2 or 3, anthers ca. 2 mm. Female flowers without bracteoles; ovary fusiform, ca. 0.2 mm; stalk ca. 0.8 mm, slender; stigmas yellowish brown, narrowly spoon-shaped, 0.4–0.5 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
* Jilin (Changbai Shan).
无苞香蒲 wu bao xiang pu
Stems 0.8–1.3 m tall, slender. Leaves 50–90 cm × 2–4 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 6–14 cm, axis with whitish or yellowish brown hairs, with 1 or 2 deciduous bracts at base and in middle portion; pistillate part of spikes distinctly separated from staminate part, 4–6 cm, with 1 deciduous bract; stamens 2 or 3; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers without bracteoles; ovary lanceolate; stalk 2.5–3 mm, slender; styles 0.5–1 mm; stigmas spatulate, 0.6–0.9 mm; hairs on stalk ca. as long as style. Fruit elliptical. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 30.
In lakes, ponds, channels, swamps, and shallow rivers. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [??Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia; N Asia - list countries adjacent to China??, Europe].
象蒲 xiang pu
Stems 2–2.5 m tall, stout. Leaves 1.3–1.5 m × 8–10 mm, abaxially carinate, transverse section triangular. Staminate part of spikes with 1 bract at base, axis densely brown hairy; pistillate part of spikes distinctly separated from staminate part, 14–16 cm, 2–2.5 cm in diam. Female flowers with bracteoles; bracteoles whitish, linear; ovary lanceolate; stalk ca. 3.5 mm; styles 1–2 mm; stigmas lanceolate, ca. 1 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Swamps, riversides. Yunnan [India, ??Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].
水烛 shui zhu
Stems 1.5–3 m tall, stout. Leaves 52–120 cm × 4–9 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes ca. 8 cm, with 1–3 deciduous bracts; pistillate part of spikes (5–)15–30 cm, separated from staminate part by an axis 2.5–7 cm; stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4; anthers ca. 2 mm. Female flowers with bracteoles; bracteoles filiform; ovary fusiform; stalk ca. 5 mm, slender; styles 1–1.5 mm; stigmas linear to lanceolate, 1.3–1.8 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fruit narrowly elliptical. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 30.
Shallow water of lakes, ponds, and rivers. ??Anhui, ??Fujian, Gansu, ??Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, ??Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, ??Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, ??Mongolia, ??Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia; temperate and subtropical regions: Asia, Australia, Europe, North America].
长苞香蒲 chang bao xiang pu
Stems 0.7–2.5 m tall, stout. Leaves 40–150 cm × 3–8 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 7–30 cm, with 1 or 2 bracts; bracts to ca. 32 cm, deciduous; pistillate part of spikes 5–23 cm, distinctly separated from staminate part, with 1 bract at base, with sparse and curved hairs on axis; stamens 3, rarely 2; anthers ca. 1.4 mm. Female flowers with bracteoles; ovary lanceolate; stalk 3–6 mm, slender; styles 0.5–1.5 mm; stigmas linear to lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 mm, broader than styles; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fruit fusiform. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
Shallow water of lakes, ponds, rivers, and swamps, channels. ??Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [India, Japan, ??Mongolia, Russia; America - North and/or South??, Australia, Europe].
达香蒲 da xiang pu
Typha martini Léveillé & Vaniot var. davidiana Kronfeld, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 34: 149. 1889; T. laxmannii Lepechin var. davidiana (Kronfeld) C. F. Fang.
Stems ca. 1 m tall. Leaves 60–70 cm × 3–5 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 12–18 cm, with 1 deciduous bract, axis smooth; pistillate part of spikes distinctly separated from staminate part, 4.5–11 cm, 1.5–2 cm in diam., with deciduous bract. Female flowers with bracteoles; bracteoles spatulate or nearly triangular; ovary lanceolate; stalk 3–4 mm; styles short; stigmas linear to lanceolate, 1–1.2 mm; hairs on stalk ca. as long as style. Fruit lanceolate. Fl. and fr. May–Aug. 2n = 30.
Margins of lakes and rivers. ??Hebei, ??Henan, Jiangsu, ??Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [N Asia - list countries adjacent to China??].
小香蒲 xiao xiang pu
Rohrbachia minima (Funck ex Hoppe) Mavrodiev.
Stems 16–65 cm tall, slender. Leaves usually basal, sheathlike, often without blade or sometimes with blade, 15–40 cm × 1–2 mm, shorter than scape. Staminate part of spikes 3–8 cm, without hair on axis, with 1 deciduous bract at base; pistillate part of spikes distinctly separated from staminate part, 1.6–4.5 cm, with bract at base; stamens 1, rarely 2 or 3; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers with bracteoles; ovary fusiform; stalk ca. 4 mm, slender; styles ca. 0.5 mm; stigmas linear, ca. 0.5 mm; hairs on stalk swelling at tip, shorter than styles. Fruit elliptical. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
In shallow water of ponds and rivers. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [??Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia; N Asia - list countries adjacent to China??, Europe].
球序香蒲 qiu xu xiang pu
Stems 70–80 cm tall, slender. Leaves dimorphic, sheathlike leaves 4–12 cm; linear leaves 40–45 cm × 1–2 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 4–5 cm, without hairs on axis, with 1 deciduous bract at base; pistillate part of spikes separated from staminate part, 2.5–4.5 cm, with a deciduous bract at base; stamen 1; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers with bracteoles; ovary elliptical; styles ca. 0.6 mm; stigmas linear, ca. 0.8 mm; hairs on stalk ca. as long as styles. Fruit elliptical. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
In ponds, streams, and swamps. Hebei, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [C Asia - list countries adjacent to China??].
短序香蒲 duan xu xiang pu
Stems 45–70 cm tall, slender. Leaves dimorphic; sheathlike leaves basal, 4–9 cm; linear leaves 2–4, slightly longer than scape, 50–75 cm × 2–4 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Staminate part of spikes 3–6 cm, axis hairy, with 1 bract; pistillate part of spikes separated from staminate part, 1.5–3 cm, 1–1.5 cm in diam.; stamens 1; anthers ca. 1.2 mm. Female flowers with small, brown bracteoles; ovary fusiform to elliptical; stalk 2.5–4 mm; styles ca. 0.5 mm, slender; stigmas lanceolate, ca. 0.7 mm; hairs on stalk swelling at tip, shorter than style. Fruit elliptical. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
Sides of channels, swamps, wetlands. Hebei, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Xinjiang [N Asia - list countries adjacent to China??, Europe].
??earlier homonyms: Typha gracilis Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 9: 2. 1847; Typha gracilis Rafinesque, New Fl. 2: 91. 1837 [?validly published].