黄花蔺科 HUANG hua lin ke
Wang Qingfeng (王青锋)[1]; Robert R. Haynes[2]; C. Barre Hellquist[3]
Herbs, aquatic, with aerial leaves. Leaves petiolate, ovate to orbicular, Scapes erect; umbels terminal; bracts forming an involucre. Sepals persistent, green. Petals white or yellowish, thin. Stamens 8 or 9, or numerous, with sterile staminodes in outermost whorl; filaments flattened. Carpels 6–9, or numerous, free, crowded into a head, laterally compressed; stigmas sessile. Seeds numerous, strongly curved; embryo horseshoe-shaped.
Two species: tropical to subtropical regions of North and South America and SE Asia to Malaya Islands, N Australia, and N Africa.
The family might not be distinct from Alismataceae.
1a. Petals white; stamens 8 or 9, carpels 6–9; pedicels slender ................................. 1. Butomopsis
1b. Petals yellowish; stamens numerous; pedicels thick .......................................... 2. Limnocharis
拟花蔺属 ni hua lin shu
Tenagocharis Hochstetter.
Herbs, annual, of marshes, with milky juice. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate. Scapes erect; umbels terminal; bracts forming an involucre; pedicels slender. Sepals persistent, green, margin membranous. Petals white. Stamens usually 8 or 9, free. Carpels 6–9, 1-whorled. Follicles with a short beak. Seeds strongly curved; embryo horseshoe-shaped.
Only one species: N Australia, tropical regions of Asia and N Africa.
拟花蔺 ni hua lin
Butomus latifolius D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 22. 1825; B. lanceolatus Roxburgh; Tenagocharis latifolia (D. Don) Buchenau.
Petiole 5–20 cm; leaf blade 5–15 cm × 1–5 cm, 3–7-veined, base attenuate, apex acute. Scapes 10–30 cm; umbels 3–15-flowered; bracts ca. 1.3 cm; pedicels 2–14 cm. Sepals broadly elliptic, ca. 5 × 3 mm, margin membranous, apex rounded or retuse. Petals ca. 6 × 4 mm. Filaments 1.5–3 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm. Carpels ca. 5.5 mm. Follicles 1–1.2 cm. Seeds brown, ca. 0.5 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
Marshes, paddy fields. S Yunnan [India, Nepal; N Africa, throughout SE Asia, N Australia].
黄花蔺属 huang hua lin shu
Herbs, aquatic, with aerial leaves. Leaves petiolate, ovate to orbicular, Scapes erect; umbels terminal; bracts forming an involucre; pedicels thick. Sepals persistent, green. Petals yellowish, thin. Stamens numerous, with sterile staminodes in outermost whorl; filaments flattened. Carpels numerous, free, crowded into a head, laterally compressed; stigmas sessile. Seeds numerous, strongly curved; embryo horseshoe-shaped.
Only one species: tropical to subtropical regions of North and South America and SE Asia to the Malaya Islands.
黄花蔺 huang hua lin
Alisma flavum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 343. 1753; Limnocharis emarginata Bonpland.
Petiole trigonous, 20–65 cm, stout; leaf blade 6–28 cm × 4.5–20 cm, veins 9–13, transverse veins numerous, parallel, base obtuse or subcordate, apex obtuse or retuse. Scapes upper trigonous, 20–90 cm; umbels 2–15-flowered; bracts green, orbicular to broadly elliptic, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm. Pedicels 2–7 cm. Petals yellowish but blackish toward base, broadly ovate to orbicular, 2–3 × 1–2 cm, apex rounded. Stamens shorter than petals; filaments green. Carpels yellowish green. Fruit cluster 1.5–2 cm in diam.; follicles suborbicular. Seeds brown. Fl. Mar–Apr.
Marshes, shallow water; 600–700 m. Guangdong, S Yunnan [Central America, naturalized throughout S and SE Asia].
[1] Herbarium of Wuhan University, Department of Biology, Wuchang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
[2] Herbarium, Biological Sciences, Biodiversity and Systematics Department, University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0345, U.S.A.
[3] Department of Biology, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247-4100, U.S.A.