泽泻科 ze xie ke
Wang Qingfeng (王青锋)1; Robert R. Haynes[1]; C. Barre Hellquist[2]
Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, aquatic or of marshes, sometimes rhizomatous. Leaves basal, linear, lanceolate, elliptic to ovate or sagittate, with elongated sheathing petioles; principal veins parallel with margins and converging toward apex and connected by transverse veins. Flowers often whorled at nodes of scape forming racemes, panicles, or umbels, pedicellate, actinomorphic, bisexual, unisexual, or polygamous, usually bracteate. Sepals 3, persistent, green. Petals 3, deciduous, usually white. Stamens 3 to numerous, whorled, with elongated filaments; anthers 2-celled, extrorse, opening by longitudinal slits. Carpels 3 to numerous, whorled or spirally arranged, free; ovules 1 to several; style persistent. Fruit a cluster or whorl of laterally compressed achenes, drupelets, or occasionally follicles. Seeds curved, with a horseshoe-shaped embryo; endosperm absent.
About 11 genera with nearly 100 species: cosmopolitan, especially abundant in temperate and tropical regions of the northern hemisphere; four genera and about 20 species in China.
1a. Flowers unisexual or polygamous ....................................................................... 1. Sagittaria
1b. Flowers bisexual.
2a. Stamens 6; carpels arranged in a single whorl ...................................................... 4. Alisma
2b. Stamens (6)9 to numerous; carpels spirally arranged.
3a. Inflorescences much branched, paniculate; fruitlets drupaceous, swollen, with woody endocarp and spongy exocarp ......................................................................................... 3. Caldesia
3b. Inflorescences unbranched, flowers usually solitary or with up to 3 in inflorescence; fruitlets achene-like, laterally compressed ................................................................................ 2. Ranalisma
慈姑属 ci gu shu
Lophotocarpus (Kunth) Miquel: Lophotocarpus T. Durand.
Herbs, aquatic, often stoloniferous and tuberiferous. Leaves aerial, floating, or submerged, linear, lanceolate, deeply cordate, or sagittate. Inflorescences usually of 3-flowered whorls each with 3 bracts. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, upper ones male, with longer and slender pedicels, lower ones female or bisexual, with shorter and thickened pedicel. Stamens (6)9 to numerous. Carpels numerous, spirally arranged, each with 1 ovule; styles apical or subadaxial. Achenes laterally compressed, margins usually winged, with an apical or lateral stylar beak.
About 30 species: tropical and temperate regions; seven species in China.
1a. Persistent sepals not reflexed after anthesis.
2a. Leaves floating or submerged, floating leaves broadly ovate to cordate-ovate; flowers polygamous; achenes with cristate wing ................................................................................. 1. S. guayanensis
2b. Leaves aerial or submerged, sagittate or lanceolate; flowers unisexual; achenes without cristate wing.
3a. Aerial leaves linear-lanceolate; female flowers without or only with very short pedicel 7. S. tengtsungensis
3b. Aerial leaves sagittate; female flowers pedicellate ............................. 5. S. lichuanensis
1b. Persistent sepals reflexed after anthesis.
4a. Leaves sessile or only with very short petiole, linear or subspatulate; achenes cristate on back 8. S. pygmaea
4b. Leaves petiolate; achenes not cristate on back.
5a. Leaves floating or submerged .................................................................... 2. S. natans
5b. Leaves aerial or submerged.
6a. Achenes with an adaxial beak; aerial leaves elliptic to ovate or sagittate, submerged leaves lanceolate; stolons usually lacking ............................................................. 6. S. potamogetifolia
6b. Achenes with an apical beak; leaves sagittate ........................................ 4. S. trifolia
冠果草 guan guo cao
Sagittaria lappula D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 22. 1825; Lophotocarpus formosanus Hayata; L. guayanensis (Kunth) J. G. Smith; L. guayanensis var. lappula (D. Don) Buchen.
Stolons usually lacking. Floating leaves broadly ovate to cordate-ovate, 1.29 Χ 110 cm, base deeply cordate, apex obtuse; submerged leaves linear or lanceolate, 311 cm Χ 510 mm. Inflorescences racemose, 840 cm, in 26 whorls of 3 flowers; bracts connate toward base. Bisexual flowers usually on lower 14 whorls; pedicels 11.5 cm, thickened. Male flowers with pedicel 25 cm. Sepals not reflexed after anthesis, ovate, 0.51.5 cm Χ 315 mm. Petals fugacious, obovate, nearly same size as sepals. Stamens 6 to numerous; anthers yellow. Achenes obovoid or elliptical, 24 Χ 1.53 mm, with cristate wing and oblique adaxial beak. Fl. MaySep, fr. JunNov. 2n = 22*.
Ponds, lakes, marshes, paddy fields and channels. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa].
浮叶慈姑 fu ye ci gu
Plants stoloniferous. Floating leaves linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or sagittate, 517 cm, base cuneate to rounded or cordate with 2 short lobes, lateral lobes shorter than middle lobe; submerged leaves lanceolate or reduced to phyllodes. Inflorescences racemose, 525 cm, in 26 whorls of 3 flowers, at least lower bracts free. Flowers unisexual; female flowers on lower 1 or 2 whorls, pedicels 512 mm; male flowers with pedicels 12 cm. Sepals usually not reflexed broadly ovate, 34 Χ ca. 3 mm. Petals obovate, 810 Χ ca. 5.5 mm; stamens numerous; anthers yellow. Achenes obliquely obovoid, 23 Χ 12.5 mm, with a short, subadaxial beak. Fl. and fr. JunSep. 2n = 22*.
Ponds and channels. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
野慈姑 ye ci gu
Plants stoloniferous, stolons often ending in a tuber. Leaves aerial at least when mature, sagittate, sheathing, apex acuminate to rounded, lateral lobes longer than middle lobe. Inflorescences racemose, in 3 to many whorls of 3 flowers, lower 13 whorls usually branched; bracts free or connate toward base. Flowers unisexual. Female flowers on lower 18 whorls, with short pedicels; male flowers with pedicels 0.51.5 cm; sepals reflexed, ovate, 35 Χ 2.53.5 mm. Petals obovate, ca. 2 Χ as large as sepals. Stamens numerous; anthers yellow. Achenes obliquely obovoid, 4.55.5 Χ 45 mm, winged, with an erect, apical beak. Fl. and fr. MayNov. 2n = 22*.
Ponds, lakes, marshes, paddy fields and channels. Most of China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Most of Asia, Indonesia (Borneo, Java), Japan including Ryukyus, Korea, Philippines, Russia; Europe].
1a.. Inflorescences with only 13 branches at lowest whorls; tubers 23 cm; wild ... 3a. subsp. trifolia
1b.. Inflorescences with more than 3 branches; tubers 510 cm; cultivated ........... 3b. subsp. sinensis
野慈姑(原亚种) ye ci gu (yuan ya zhong)
Sagittaria sagittifolia Linnaeus var. angustifolia Siebold; S. sagittifolia var. edulis Siebold ex Miquel; S. sagittifolia var. longiloba Turczaninow; S. trifolia var. angustifolia (Siebold) Kitagama; S. trifolia f. longiloba (Turczaninow) Makino; S. trifolia var. longiloba (Turczaninow) M. Kitagawa; S. trifolia var. retusa J. K. Chen, S. C. Sun & H. Q. Wang.
Tubers usually 23 cm. Leaves larger, middle lobe not linear, more than 1.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, lateral lobes 11.4 Χ as large as middle lobe. Inflorescences with only 1 or 2(or 3) whorls of branches at base.
Ponds, lakes, marshes, paddy fields and channels. Most of China: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Most of Asia, Indonesia (Borneo, Java), Japan including Ryukyus, Korea, Philippines, Russia; Europe].
Most specimens determined as Sagittaria sagittifolia are in fact this taxon.
华夏慈姑 hua xia ci gu
Sagittaria sinensis Sims, Bot. Mag. (Curtis) 39: t. 1631. 1814; S. edulis Siebold ex Schlechtendal; S. sagittifolia var. leucopetala Miquel; S. sagittifolia Linnaeus f. sinensis (Sims) Makino; S. trifolia var. edulis (Siebold ex Miq.) Ohwi, nom. inval.; S. trifolia var. sinensis (Sims) Makino.
Tubers 510 Χ 46 cm. Leaves large, middle lobe broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Inflorescences with 3 whorls of branches at base, each whorl 3- or more branched.
Cultivated south of the Yangtze River: Anhui, Fujian Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Also cultivated in Japan and Korea].
利川慈姑 li chuan ci gu
Sagittaria wuyiensis J. K. Chen.
Stolons usually lacking. Leaves aerial, erect; blades sagittate, apex acuminate, lateral lobes 69 cm, middle lobe 4.58 Χ 2.56 cm, with 311 bulbs in each sheath. Inflorescences paniculate, 1520 cm, in 4 to many whorls of (2 or)3 flowers, lowest whorl usually branched. Flowers unisexual. Female flowers on lowest 1(or 2) whorls; bracts free or connate toward base. Sepals not reflexed; ovate, ca. 7 Χ ca. 4 mm. Petals nearly orbicular, 67 Χ ca. 5 mm. Stamens 1518; anthers yellow. Achenes 0.81 Χ 0.40.5 mm, narrowly winged, with a short beak. Fl. and fr. JulAug. 2n = 22*.
* Marshes, paddy fields and channels; ca. 1700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei (Lichuan), Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
小慈姑 xiao ci gu
Stolons usually lacking. Aerial leaves elliptic to ovate or sagittate, 3.511 cm, apex acuminate, lateral lobes 26 cm Χ 1.56 mm, middle lobe 1.55 Χ 210 mm, with 1 or 3 bulbs in each sheath; submerged leaves lanceolate, 29 cm Χ 24 mm. Inflorescences racemose, in 2 to many whorls of (2 or)3 flowers; bracts free. Flowers unisexual. Female flowers 1 or 2(or 3), on lowest whorl, pedicels 27 mm. Male flowers with pedicels 1.24 cm; sepals reflexed, ovate, 34.5 Χ 2.53 mm. Petals broadly obovate, 410 Χ 66.5 mm. Stamens 921; anthers yellow. Achenes obovoid, 57 Χ 4.56 mm, with an abaxial undulate or smooth wing, and an adaxial beak. Fl. and fr. MaySep. 2n = 22*.
* Paddy fields, marshes, and channels. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
腾冲慈姑 teng chong ci gu
Plants stoloniferous. Aerial leaves linear-lanceolate, 710 cm Χ 712 mm, base attenuate, apex acuminate; submerged leaves linear or reduced to a phyllode, 45 cm Χ 24 mm. Inflorescences racemose, 712 cm, in 24 whorls of (2 or)3 flowers; bracts broadly ovate, usually connate at base. Flowers unisexual. Female flowers not exceeding 2, restricted to lowest whorl, sessile or only with very short pedicel. Male flowers with pedicel 23 cm. Sepals not reflexed, elliptic, 57.5 Χ 45 mm. Petals ca. 1 cm. Stamens numerous; anthers yellow. Achenes obovoid, ca. 2 mm, with smooth, entire wing and an adaxial beak. Fl. and fr. JunSep. 2n = 22*
Marshes; 17002100 m. Yunnan [Bhutan].
矮慈姑 ai ci gu
Sagittaria altigena Handel-Mazzetti ex Samuelsson, S. sagittifolia Linnaeus var. pygmaea (Miquel) Makino.
Plants stoloniferous. Petioles indistinct; leaf blade linear or subspatulate, 229 cm Χ 211 mm, sheathing basally, apex acuminate or obtuse. Inflorescences racemose, 110 cm, in 2 or 3 whorls of 3 flowers; bracts elliptic. Flowers unisexual. Female flowers not exceeding 2, restricted to lowest whorl, sessile or only with very short pedicels. Male flowers with pedicels 0.53 cm. Sepals obovate, 57 Χ 35 mm. Petals orbicular, 11.5 Χ 11.6 cm. Stamens 621; anthers yellow. Achenes broadly obovoid, 35 Χ 33.5 mm, abaxially cristate, with a broad wing and an adaxial beak. Fl. and fr. MayNov. 2n = 22*.
Paddy fields, marshes, and channels. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan including Ryukyus, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam].
Specimens with one whorl of staminodes and leaves retuse at apex from Dongchuan, Yunnan, which were described as Sagittaria altigena, appear to be in the range of variety of this species rather than a distinct taxon.
毛茛泽泻属 mao gen ze xie shu
Herbs, aquatic or of marshes. Leaves aerial, floating, or submerged, all radical erect, long petiolate, ovate to ovate-elliptic. Flowers usually solitary or up to 3 at apex of scape, bisexual, pedicellate. Petals usually larger than or ca. as large as sepals. Stamens 9. Carpels numerous in a subglobose head, free, spirally arranged, each with 1 ovule; style erect. Fruitlets achene-like. Achenes laterally compressed, with a long stylar beak.
About two species: Asia, and tropical and subtropical regions of Africa; one species in China.
长喙毛茛泽泻 chang hui mao gen ze xie
Plants stoloniferous. Leaves entire; floating or aerial leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, 34.5 Χ 33.5 cm, base subcordate at base, apex subacute; petiole 1232 cm. Flowers 13 at apex of scape; bracts 2, spatulate, ca. 7 mm. Sepals broadly elliptic, ca. 5 mm. Petals obovate-elliptic, usually ca. as long as sepals. Stamens ca. 2.5 mm; anthers elliptic. Carpels crowded, with an apical, persistent style; receptacle oblong. Achenes nearly obtriangular; beak 35 mm. Fl. and fr. AugSep. 2n = 22*.
Marshes, very rare in China. Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [India, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam; Africa].
泽苔草属 ze tai cao shu
Herbs aquatic, perennial, rhizomatous. Leaves all basal, aerial, floating, or submerged, ovate to elliptic; floating leaves deep green, large; aerial leaves nearly leathery, with erect petiole; submerged leaves usually smaller. Inflorescences paniculate or racemose, much branched; branches whorled, each whorl with 36 branches; bracts lanceolate. Flowers pedicillate, verticillate, bisexual. Petals usually larger than sepals. Stamens 612. Carpels few to numerous in a single whorl, free, each with 1 ovule. Fruitlets drupaceous, with woody endocarp and spongy exocarp, swollen or slightly compressed, with a short beak.
About four species: Asia, Europe, Africa, and Australia; two species in China.
1a. Leaves longer than broad, without veins, apex obtuse, not ribbed, base deeply cordate; stamens 6 1. C. parnassifolia
1b. Leaves shorter than broad, with veins, apex notched, ribbed, base not cordate; stamens 912 2. C. grandis
泽苔草 ze tai cao
Alisma parnassifoliium Bassi ex Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 3: 230. 1768; A. reniforme D. Don; Caldesia parnassifolia var. major Micheli; Caldesia reniformis (D. Don) Makino.
Rhizomes creeping. Petiole 5100 cm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 210 Χ 1.57 cm, veins 915, base cordate to deeply so, apex obtuse. Scapes erect or not, 30125 cm high; inflorescences paniculate, 2035 cm. Flowers 3-verticillate; pedicels 2.54 cm. Sepals persistent, ovate, 3.55 Χ 23 mm. Petals ovate, larger than sepals. Stamens 6. Carpels 510, laterally compressed, style 2(4) mm, slender. Fruitlets obovoid, ca. 3 Χ 2 mm, with 35 longitudinal ribs abaxially and an erect beak. Fl. and fr. MayOct. 2n = 22*.
Lakes, ponds, marshes. Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia; Africa, Europe].
宽叶泽苔草 kuan ye ze tai cao
Rhizomes erect. Petiole 1555 cm; leaf blade suborbicular, 4.57 Χ 68 cm, veins 912, base usually nearly truncate, apex notched, ribbed. Scapes erect, 3060 cm high; inflorescences paniculate. Flowers 3-verticillate; pedicels 1.22 cm. Sepals persistent, reflexed, elliptic to broadly ovate, 34 mm. Petals reflexed, white, spatulate or nearly obovate, 67 mm. Stamens 912. Carpels usually 1517; style ca. 1.5 mm, slender. Fruitlets nearly obovoid, ca. 2 mm, with 35 longitudinal ribs abaxially and an erect beak. Fl. and fr. JulSep. 2n = 22*.
Lakes, marshes. Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan [India, Malaysia].
泽泻属 ze xie shu
Herbs, aquatic or of marshes, usually with a tuber. Leaves aerial, floating, or submerged, all basal, petiolate, margin entire. Inflorescences paniculate or occasionally umbellate, branches whorled, each one usually secondarily branched and with bracts at base. Flowers bisexual. Petals usually larger than sepals. Stamens 6. Carpels numerous in a single whorl, free, each with 1 ovule. Achene laterally compressed, 1- or 2-grooved or canaliculate abaxially, with a usually adaxial beak.
About 11 species: temperate and subtropical regions; six species in China (one endemic).
1a. Anthers broader than long; style 0.10.2 mm; plants slender ................................. 6. A. nanum
1b. Anthers narrower than long; style longer than 0.4 mm; plants ± robust.
2a. Aerial leaves usually elliptic to ovate, base subcordate or truncate.
3a. Petals marginally denticulate; carpels regularly arranged; styles 0.71.5 mm 1. A. plantago-aquatica
3b. Petals marginally undulate; carpels irregularly arranged;
styles ca. 0.5 mm
............................................................................................................. 2.
A. orientale
2b. Aerial leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, cuneate at base.
4a. Lateral pericarp thin, translucent; styles nearly
straight; anthers 11.2 mm
........................................................................................................ 3.
A. lanceolatum
4b. Lateral pericarp thickish, opaque; styles recurved; anthers 0.50.8 mm.
5a. Leaves ± falcate; achenes abaxially 1-canaliculate; styles not cirriform-recurved 5. A. canaliculatum
5b. Leaves not falcate; achenes abaxially12-grooved; styles cirriform-recurved 4. A. gramineum
泽泻 ze xie
Tubers 13.5 cm in diam. Aerial leaves with petiole 1.530 cm: leaf blade broadly lanceolate or elliptic to ovate, 211 Χ 1.37 cm, sometimes larger, veins 5, base subcordate or truncate at base but sometimes cuneate, apex usually acuminate. Panicles 1550 cm, in 38 whorls of 39 branches. Pedicel 13.5 cm. Sepals broadly ovate, 2.53.5 Χ 23 mm. Petals white or purplish white, nearly orbicular, larger than sepals, margin denticulate. Anthers elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Carpels regularly arranged; styles erect, filiform, longer than ovary, 0.71.5 mm, stigmatose in upper 1/91/5 of their length. Achenes elliptical or nearly oblong, ca. 2.5 Χ 1.5 mm, 1- or 2-grooved abaxially; lateral pericarp thickish, opaque. Fl. and fr. MayOct. 2n = 14*.
Margins of lakes, ponds, marshes, channels, slow-moving rivers. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Japan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand; Australia, Europe, North America].
东方泽泻 dong fang ze xie
Alisma plantago-aquatica Linnaeus var. orientale G. Samuelsson, Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 84. 1926; A. plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (G. Samuelsson) G. Samuelsson.
Tubers 12 cm in diam. Aerial leaves with petiole 334 cm; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 3.511 Χ 1.37 cm, sometimes larger, 57-veined, base rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate. Panicles 2070 cm, in 39 whorls of 39 branches. Pedicel 0.52.5 cm. Sepals ovate, 22.5 Χ ca. 1.5 mm. Petals white or pinkish, nearly orbicular, larger than sepals, margin undulate. Anthers ca. 0.5 Χ 0.30.4 mm. Carpels irregularly arranged; styles erect, ca. 0.5 mm, longer than ovary, stigmatose in upper ca. 1/5 of their length. Achenes elliptical, ca. 1.52 Χ ca. 1 mm, 1- or 2-grooved abaxially; lateral pericarp usually opaque, thickish. Fl. and fr. MaySep. 2n = 28*.
Margins of lakes, ponds, marshes, channels; up to ca. 2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [?India (Assam), Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia].
This species is similar with Alisma plantago-aquatica, but in A. orientale the flowers and fruit are smaller, the styles only ca. 0.5 mm long, and the petal margins and carpels irregularly arranged.
膜果泽泻 mo guo ze xie
Tubers 12 cm in diam. Aerial leaves with petiole 1325 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to broadly lanceolate or elliptic, 913 Χ 2.55 cm, sometimes larger, 57-veined, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate. Panicles 1545, in 36 whorls of 36 branches. Pedicel 1.52.5 cm. Sepals broadly ovate, 1.53.2 Χ 22.5 mm. Petals white or pinkish, nearly orbicular, 46.5 mm, larger than sepals, margin irregular. Anthers elliptic or oblong, 11.2 mm. Carpels regularly arranged; styles ± erect, 0.61 mm, equalling or shorter than ovary, stigmatose in upper 1/31/2 of their length. Achenes obovoid, 1.62(3) mm, 1-grooved abaxially; lateral pericarp translucent, thin. Fl. and fr. JunSep. 2n = 24, 26, 28.
Margins of lakes, marshes, channels, slow-moving rivers. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [N Africa, C Asia, Australia, Europe].
草泽泻 cao ze xie
Alisma loeselii Gorski ex Juzepczuk.
Tubers small or not evident. Aerial leaves with petiole 231 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 312.5 Χ 0.62 cm, sometimes larger, 35-veined, base cuneate, apex acuminate at base. Panicles 656 cm, in 25 whorls of 39 branches. Pedicel 1.54.5 cm. Sepals broadly ovate, 2.54.5 Χ 1.52.5 mm. Petals white, nearly orbicular, larger than sepals. Anthers elliptic, ca. 0.5 mm. Carpels regularly arranged; styles erect, ca. 0.4 mm, shorter than ovary, cirriform-recurved, stigmatose in upper 1/31/2 of their length. Achenes obovoid or triangular, 23 mm, 1- or 2-grooved abaxially; lateral pericarp splendent, opaque, thickish. Fl. and fr. JunSep. 2n = 14, 16.
Margins of lakes, ponds, marshes, channels. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia; Africa, Asia, Europe, North America].
窄叶泽泻 zhai ye ze xie
Tubers 13 cm in diam. Aerial leaves with petiole 930 cm; leaf blade slightly falcate, lanceolate, 645 Χ 15 cm, 35-veined, base cuneate or gradually attenuate to petiole, apex acuminate. Panicles 3565 cm, in 36 whorls of 39 branches. Pedicel 24.5 cm. Sepals oblong, 33.5 mm. Petals white, nearly orbicular, margin irregular. Anthers ca. 0.8 mm. Carpels regularly arranged; styles recurved, ca. 0.5 mm, stigmatose in upper ca. 1/3 of their length. Achenes obovoid, 22.5 mm, 1-canaliculate on back; lateral pericarp opaque, thickish. Fl. and fr. MayOct. 2n = 28, 34, 40, 42*.
Margins of lakes, ponds, marshes, streams. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [India, Japan including Ryukus].
小泽泻 xiao ze xie
Plants slender, without tubers. Aerial leaves with petiole 1.24 cm, slender; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or elliptic to ovate, 1.53.7 Χ 0.62.3 cm, base rounded or slightly cuneate, apex acute. Panicles 29 cm, in 13 whorls of 39 branches, rarely umbellate. Pedicel 12.5 cm. Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 Χ 1.2 mm. Petals white or pinkish, equalling or larger than sepals Anthers ca. 0.2 Χ 0.5 mm. Carpels 812; styles 0.10.2 mm, shorter than ovary, stigmatose in upper 1/51/3 of their length. Achenes elliptical, ca. 1.5 mm, 1-grooved abaxially; lateral pericarp translucent, thin. Fl. and fr. JulSep.
* Marshes, ca. 600 m. Xinjiang.
1 Herbarium of Wuhan University, Department of Biology, Wuchang, Hubei, Peoples Republic of China
[1] Herbarium, Biological Sciences, Biodiversity and Systematics Department, University of Alabama, Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0345, U.S.A.
[2] Department of Biology, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247-4100, U.S.A.