香青属 xiang qing shu
Zhu Shixin (朱世新); Randall J. Bayer
Perennial, rarely annual or biennial herbs or undershrubs with somewhat woody rhizome. Stems erect or rosulate, simple or branching, densely covered by white or ash-gray cottony tomentose hairs. Leaves simple, entire, sessile or petiolate or decurrent, alternate, rarely subopposite to opposite, oblong or lanceolate. Heads with many florets, 3–15 mm in diam., suborbiculate campanulate or subinfundibuliform, arranged in corymbiform or corymbiform paniculate branched inflorescences, rarely solitary or 2 or 3 per inflorescence. Plants dioecious or androgynous, having different types of florets: bisexual sterile florets with predominance of pistillate florets arranged in many external rows and a few to 1 central staminate florets, or many external rows of staminate florets and a few central pistillate florets. Involucre campanulate, turbinate, or semispherical, base tomentose; involucral bracts many seriate, imbricate, erect or expanding, scarious, lower parts brown, 1-veined, upper parts usually scarious, white or yellowish white or rarely pinkish. Receptacle subconvex or flat, alveolate, without squamules. Staminate florets: corolla tubular, 5-denticulate; stamens basally arrow-shaped with acerose tail; stigma 2 short lobes, apex truncate. Pistillate florets: corolla filiform, basally slightly dilated, 2–4-denticulate; style branches long, apex subrounded. Pappus in both florets consisting of one row of white free deciduous hairs, almost equal to corolla, scabrous, pinnate-incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, filiform and almost smooth or slightly scabrous at tip in pistillate florets. Achene oblong or subrounded, with glandular hairs or mammilla or almost glabrous, predominantly female capitula; cypselas of male florets vestigial and usually absent in predominantly male capitula.
About 110 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia, but a few species also in temperate Asia, North America and Europe; 54 species (42 endemic) in China, with one insufficiently known species (not included in the key).
1a. Involucre spherical or broadly campanulate, 8–12(–15) mm; heads usually few, arranged in sparse or constipate or compound corymbiform inflorescence, or solitary.
2a. Leaves not decurrent to wing on stems; involucre spherical.
3a. Rhizome thickish; cauline middle leaves linear-lanceolate, cinereous or yellowish woolly; heads congested densely corymbiform .......................................................... 54. A. acutifolia
3b. Rhizome slender, sarmentose; cauline leaves oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate; heads usually lax corymbiform or solitary.
4a. Involucral bracts white or yellowish white, base reddish brown; leaves on both surfaces gray woolly (Taiwan) ....................................................................................... 53. A. nagasawae
4b. Involucral bracts white, base dark brown; leaves adaxially arachnoid, abaxially gray densely woolly.
5a. Stems slender, lower parts 1–2 mm in diam.; leaf base not obviously amplexicaul, 3-veined, occasionally 1-veined; heads few (or many) or solitary ................... 51. A. nepalensis
5b. Stems thickish, lower parts up to 4 mm in diam.; leaves broad and large, base amplexicaul, 3-veined or 5-veined .................................................................................. 52. A. triplinervis
2b. Leaves somewhat decurrent to wing on stems; heads densely congested forming globose corymb, or solitary.
6a. Perennial herbs, rhizome slender; involucre broadly campanulate or semispherical, 8–11 mm.
7a. Involucral bracts yellowish white, yellow, sulfureous, rarely reddish; leaves on both surfaces gray or yellowish white arachnoid tomentose ............................................... 49. A. flavescens
7b. Involucral bracts white; leaves somewhat green, both surfaces with capitate glandular hairs and canescent arachnoid tomentum on margin ......................................... 50. A. hancockii
6b. Small subshrubs or pulvinate subshrubs; involucre spherical.
8a. Stems and leaves on both surfaces grayish tangled-cottony papery tomentose 45. A. chlamydophylla
8b. Stems and leaves on both surfaces usually without above type hairs.
9a. Stems and leaves on both surfaces yellowish brown long woolly; involucral bracts wax yellow or dark yellow; stems 6–20 cm ............................................................ 46. A. pannosa
9b. Stems and leaves on both surfaces yellowish or grayish white woolly; stems 3–8 cm or acaulescent.
10a. Leaves on both surfaces yellowish green, grayish white, or yellowish white tomentose; involucral bracts white or yellowish white, base brown ...................................... 48. A. viridis
10b. Leaves on both surfaces cinereous or grayish white woolly; involucral bracts white, base dark brown ...................................................................................... 47. A. cinerascens
1b. Involucre obovate, campanulate, or semispherical, 4–8 mm; involucral bracts apex obtuse or rounded rarely acuminate, usually expanding after flowering; heads usually numerous or rarely few, congested to compound corymbiform or corymbiform at apex of stems or branches.
11a. Leaves not or scarcely decurrent on stems.
12a. Leaf base cordate or auriculate, semiamplexicaul, margin recurved, thin or submembranous.
13a. Plant tall, stems thickish, lower parts 2–4 mm in diam.; leaves large, 1.5–6 cm, arachnoid or glabrous ............................................................................................................ 8. A. contorta
13b. Plant short, stems slender, lower parts ca. 1 mm in diam.; leaves lanate on both surfaces 9. A. hondae
12b. Leaf base attenuate, not obviously amplexicaul, margin plane or recurved, thick.
14a. Multibranched subshrubs, usually fastigiate; leaves narrowly linear, margin recurved, densely white tomentose on both surfaces .................................................................. 10. A. virgata
14b. Perennial herbs, or stems base woody, or subshrubs, unbranched or branched but not fastigiate; leaves not linear, margin plane or recurved.
15a. Leaves gradually larger upward from middle, densely arranged to radiate under inflorescences, usually longer than compound corymb or corymb.
16a. Upper leaves elliptic, apex acuminate, involucral bracts white ....... 32. A. oxyphylla
16b. Upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, involucral bracts purple-red or margin white 33. A. porphyrolepis
15b. Leaves gradually smaller upward from middle, not dense under inflorescences, upper ones shorter than compound corymb or corymb.
17a. Stems and leaves gray tangled papery densely tomentose; leaves white cottony tomentose 7. A contortiformis
17b. Stems gray tomentose; leaves arachnoid or later glabrous adaxially, gray to rufous densely tomentose abaxially.
18a. Leaves white densely tomentose, 0.8–1 cm, margin recurved;
involucral bract with longitudinal corrugation, apex rounded
........................................................................................................ 6.
A. plicata
18b. Leaves arachnoid or later glabrous adaxially, gray to rufous densely tomentose abaxially, 1.5–10 cm; involucral bract without longitudinal corrugation.
19a. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–10 cm, margin plane, base not decurrent on stems; involucral bracts milky white, apex obtuse or rounded, rarely acuminate 3. A. margaritacea
19b. Leaves usually linear or linear-oblong, 1.5–3.5 cm, base slightly decurrent on stems; involucral bracts snow white or yellowish white.
20a. Involucre 5–7 mm; bracts snow white ...................................... 4. A. royleana
20b. Involucre ca. 5 mm; bracts yellowish white (Taiwan) ........ 5. A. morrisonicola
11b. Leaves decurrent to widely or narrowly winged on stems.
21a. Stems, leaves, and involucre base with rust-colored stalked adhesive hairs; involucre obovate, bracts beige, membranous, translucent, not expanding; annual or biennial herbs with taproots 1. A. bulleyana
21b. Stems, leaves, and involucre base gray, white, or yellowish brown lanate, with squarrose or capitate-stalked glandular, or arachnoid, hairs, or somewhat glabrous; involucre campanulate or semispherical; bracts white or reddish, usually scarious, opaque, rarely membranous, somewhat expanding.
22a. Biennial herbs with thickish taproot ........................................................... 2. A. busua
22b. Perennial herbs with rhizome, or multibranched subshrubs or small subshrubs.
23a. Leaves on both surfaces arachnoid first, later glabrous except midrib and margin, without glandular hairs, dark green when dry; perennial herbs ...................................... 11. A. delavayi
23b. Leaves on both surfaces or only abaxially tomentose, or both surfaces or adaxially with squarrose or capitate-stalked glandular hairs, or adaxially glabrous and green when dry; subshrubs or perennial herbs.
24a. Subshrubs or small subshrubs, stems multibranched.
25a. Involucre 6–8 mm, broadly campanulate; leaves on both surfaces arachnoid tomentose or adaxially glabrous.
26a. Involucral bracts dark yellow or adaxially wax yellow; leaves spatulate or oblong-spatulate, margin plane, both surfaces tomentose ................................. 34. A. yunnanensis
26b. Involucral bracts white or pale reddish white; leaves obovate or ovate-oblong, adaxially arachnoid tomentose or glabrous, abaxially tomentose .............. 35. A. muliensis
25b. Involucre 4–5 mm, narrowly campanulate or campanulate, much rarely up to 6 mm in male plants; leaves tomentose or adaxially glandular or squarrose tomentose.
27a. Leaves spatulate-obovate; involucral bracts white or pale red 36. A. suffruticosa
27b. Leaves narrower, not spatulate-obovate; involucral bracts white.
28a. Leaves long oblong or linear-oblong, both surfaces
arachnoid tomentose or abaxially white or yellowish white densely tomentose
....................................................................................... 37.
A. stenocephala
28b. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, adaxially arachnoid
or capitate glandular or squarrose tomentose, abaxially gray densely tomentose
................................................................................................ 38.
A. gracilis
24b. Perennial herbs with rhizome, sometimes with taproot, stems unbranched or lower part woody and with developing axillary buds or short branch.
29a. Involucral bract claw with glandular dots at apex; leaves on both surfaces gray or yellowish white tomentose, or only with capitate-stalked glandular hairs ................ 12. A. latialata
29b. Involucral bract claw without glandular dots at apex.
30a. Stem slender, 1–2 mm in diam., many densely clustered; leaves narrowly linear, margin undulate recurved .................................................................................... 29. A. tibetica
30b. Stems slender or thickish, not many densely clustered; leaf margin plane or slightly reflexed or recurved and not narrowly linear.
31a. Leaves adaxially first arachnoid, later glabrous without glandular hairs, or with appressed thick hairs, abaxially usually white tomentose.
32a. Involucre 4–5 mm, campanulate; leaves 3-veined ............ 27. A. corymbifera
32b. Involucre 6–8 mm, broadly or narrowly campanulate; leaves 1- or 3-veined.
33a. Middle leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–1 cm, margin usually reflexed or slightly recurved, obviously 3-veined ........................................ 15. A. likiangensis
33b. Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly winged, 0.4–1.3 × 0.2–0.25 cm, margin plane, 1-veined ...................................................................................... 16. A. tenuissima
31b. Leaves adaxially with woolly or squarrose or capitate-stalked glandular hairs, not glabrous.
34a. Involucral bracts scarious at upper parts or apex, white, opaque, middle and lower parts membranous, somewhat transparent, apex obtuse or slightly acuminate.
35a. Leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 0.5–2 cm; involucre 6–7 mm 14. A. hymenolepis
35b. Leaves linear-spatulate, 2.5–5 × 0.2–0.5 cm; involucre
4–5 mm
........................................................................................... 26.
A. flaccida
34b. Involucral bracts all scarious, opaque.
36a. Stems 50–100 cm, lower parts woody, persistent, usually with developing axillary buds or branches .......................................................................... 30. A. surculosa
36b. Stems 3–50 cm, herbaceous, unbranched, rarely lower parts slightly woody, with developing axillary buds or branches.
37a. Leaves on both surfaces tangled to cottony-papery densely tomentose; involucral bracts wax yellow when dry .................................................. 28. A. pachylaena
37b. Leaves on both surfaces or abaxially white, gray, or yellowish white tomentose or arachnoid, or adaxially with squarrose or capitate-stalked glandular hairs.
38a. Plant with thickish woody roots or rhizome; stems unbranched.
39a. Leaves on both surfaces white, gray, or cinereous tomentose, without obvious capitate glandular hairs.
40a. Involucre ca. 5 mm; bracts white, apex obtuse or subrounded 43. A. szechuanensis
40b. Involucre 6–8 mm, rarely only 5 mm, bracts white or reddish or red-purple.
41a. Involucral bracts purple-red or white, usually yellowish white when dry, inner ones with apex acute; leaves cinereous tomentose; flowering and sterile stems congested to pulvinate .................................................... 42. A. rhododactyla
41b. Involucral bracts milky white or somewhat red, apex obtuse or rounded; leaves white or gray densely tomentose; flowering stems and rosulate usually caespitose.
42a. Involucre (5–)6(–7) × 5–7 mm; heads numerous, densely compound corymbiform 39. A. lactea
42b. Involucre ca. 7 × 9 mm; heads 4–8, densely corymbiform or headlike 40. A. batangensis
39b. Leaves on both surfaces with obvious capitate glandular hairs or arachnoid hairs, or margin and abaxially or rosulate leaves tomentose.
43a. Leaves (dried) thin, yellowish green, cauline leaves with glandular hairs, only arachnoid along veins; involucral bracts yellowish white, apex obtuse or rounded 18. A. virens
43b. Leaves thick, both surfaces with arachnoid and glandular hairs; involucral bracts white or sometimes pale red.
44a. Stems 3–7 cm, rarely taller; flowering stems and rosulate leaves somewhat congested to pulvinate .......................................... 44. A. xylorhiza
44b. Stems 15–50 cm, rarely shorter; flowering stems and rosulate leaves somewhat clustered.
45a. Lower stems woody, persistent; middle leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, margin and midrib abaxially arachnoid tomentose; involucre 6–7 mm, bracts ivory white or somewhat reddish .................................... 19. A. elegans
45b. Stems herbaceous; middle leaves oblanceolate-oblong or linear, both surfaces arachnoid tomentose; involucre 5–7 mm, bracts white 41. A. souliei
38b. Plant with long slender rhizome.
46a. Lower stem slightly woody, with tomentose axillary buds or short branches; leaves adaxially arachnoid, later glabrous, abaxially arachnoid thinly tomentose and glandular, upper leaves usually tomentose on both surfaces ........... 17. A. desertii
46b. Stems unbranched, or sometimes branched from broken stems; leaves adaxially tomentose, or with squarrose or glandular hairs.
47a. Involucre 6–8 mm; leaves on both surfaces gray, yellowish white, or rarely yellowish brown tomentose or lanate.
48a. Leaves on both surfaces gray tomentose, or upper stems and leaves fulvous tomentose ................................................................ 13. A. bicolor
48b. Leaves on both surfaces yellowish white lanate or arachnoid lanate, 3-veined.
49a. Leaves ligulate or linear-oblong, gradually smaller upward 20. A. chungtienensis
49b. Leaves oblanceolate, gradually larger upward .......... 31. A. larium
47b. Involucre 4–5 mm or to 6 mm; leaves on both surfaces or abaxially white or gray tomentose.
50a. Leaves on both surfaces dark cinereous, densely tomentose and with capitate glandular hairs.
51a. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate-spatulate; heads numerous, congested in compound corymb ........................................ 22. A. spodiophylla
51b. Leaves broadly elliptic or subrounded; heads few, arranged in compound corymb 23. A. yangii
50b. Leaves adaxially with squarrose or capitate glandular hairs, abaxially or both surfaces white or gray tomentose.
52a. Involucre semispherical; stems 10–18 cm (Taiwan) 24. A. transnokoensis
52b. Involucre campanulate or subobconic; stems 20–60 cm.
53a. Involucre 4–5 mm, bracts white or sometimes pale red; stems densely leafy, internode 0.5–2 cm; leaves 1-veined or 3-veined ... 21. A. sinica
53b. Involucre 5–6 mm or more, bracts white or yellowish white; upper stems sparsely leafy, internode 4–10 cm; leaves 3-veined or 5-veined 25. A. aureopunctata
粘毛香青 nian mao xiang qing
Pluchea bulleyana Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 183. 1912; Conyza mollis H. Léveillé.
Annual or biennial herbs, with thickish taproot, rosette leaves, and solitary or a few caespitose flowering stems, all covered with arachnoid long cottony tomentose and rusty brown adhesive stalked glandular hairs. Stems erect, 30–80 cm, channeled, usually branched, lower parts usually glabrous, upper parts densely hairy. Rosulate leaves obovate, ca. 9 × 5.5 cm, long cottony tomentose, base attenuate becoming short winged petiole; lower leaves often caducous and withered by anthesis; middle and upper leaves oblanceolate or obovate-spatulate, 3.5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, both surfaces pilose glandular, long cottony tomentose along veins, 3-veined and with lateral veins, decurrent on stems and becoming cuneate broad wing, margin plane, apex acute; upper leaves smaller, linear-lanceolate. Capitula numerous, congested to compound corymbiform inflorescences on terminal of stems and branches; peduncle ca. 6 mm. Involucre obovate, 5–6 × 4–7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, erect, light brown, hyaline, base light lutescent, not expanding; external bracts short, ovate-oblong, apex obtuse, with arachnoid hairy, middle ones long spatulate, 5–6 mm, innermost ones broadly linear, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle alveolate. Capitulum with many florets with 4 or 5 or 30 central staminate florets and many or few rows of external pistillate florets. Corolla 3–5 mm. Pappus slightly exserted from corolla; staminate florets pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene oblong, 0.6–0.7 mm, glandular. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Subalpine wet slopes, low hill grasslands; 1100–3300 m. Guizhou, W Sichuan, N and NW Yunnan (Dongchuan, Kunming, Lijiang, Zhongdian).
The species is unique in the genus for its color and structure of involucral bracts.
蛛毛香青 zhu mao xiang qing
Gnaphalium busuum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal, 173. 1825; Anaphalis araneosa Candolle; A. semidecurrens (Wallich ex Candolle) Candolle; G. semidecurrens Wallich ex Candolle.
Biennial herbs (?), with thickish taproots or usually adventitious roots at base of stems. Stems erect, (2–)5–6(–13) cm, with ascending or expanding branches, upper parts arachnoid tomentose, lower parts glabrous or brownish glandular hairy later; internode 0.5–2.5 cm. Lower leaves often caducous and lost by anthesis; cauline middle leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 3–10 × 0.4–1 cm, bases almost equilateral, decurrent on stems forming cuneate attenuate long wing, margin plane or somewhat undulate, apex apiculate; upper leaves smaller, linear or subulate; all leaves thin, gray-green and with yellow spot and squarrose hairy abaxially, green and squarrose hairy adaxially, arachnoid tomentose along veins on both surfaces and or margin arachnoid cottony tomentose abaxially, midrib exserted abaxially, lateral veins somewhat conspicuous. Heads numerous, compound corymbiform on terminal of branches; peduncle ca. 4 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 4–5 × 5–7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, white, somewhat brownish abaxially, external bracts elliptic, ca. 4 mm, middle ones oval, ca. 4.5 × 1.8–2 mm, 1.3–1.5 mm in pistillate florets, apex actuate, innermost ones spatulate, ca. 3.5 mm, with a claw ca. 1/3 of full length. Receptacle alveolate. Female capitula with many florets with 4–10 or more central staminate florets and many rows of external pistillate florets. Male capitula with many florets with few rows of external pistillate florets and many rows of central staminate florets. Corolla ca. 2.5 mm, almost as long as pappus; staminate florets pappus incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene elliptic, only 0.4–0.8 mm, glandular. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Oct.
Low hill valleys, slopes, woodlands, grasslands; 1500–2800 m. SW Sichuan (Dechang, Miyi), S Xizang (Zhufeng), NW and W Yunnan (Binchuan, Dali, Tengchong, Weixi, Zhenxiong, Zhongdian) [N India, Nepal].
珠光香青 zhu guang xiang qing
Perennial herbs. Rhizome repent, woody, with short brown squamate runners. Stems erect or ascending, solitary or a few caespitose, 30–60(–100) cm, usually thickish, unbranched, rarely branching on broken or normal stems, ash-gray cottony tomentose, base woody. Lower leaves withered by anthesis, apex obtuse; middle leaves expanding, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–10 cm × 3–12 mm, rarely wider, base attenuate or sharply narrow, somewhat amplexicaul, undercurrent, margin plane, apex acuminate with small tip; upper leaves gradually smaller with long tip; all leaves slightly leathery, abaxially ash-gray to reddish brown densely cottony tomentose, adaxially arachnoid, 1-veined, or 3- or 5-veined. Heads numerous, arranged in compound corymbiform, rarely corymbiform, inflorescences; peduncle 4–17 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate or semispherical, 5–8 × 8–13 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5–7 series, somewhat expanding, upper parts white, external bracts up to 1/3 of involucre, ovate, cottony tomentose; inner bracts ovate to oblong, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm, up to 3 mm wide in male plants, apex rounded or acuminate, innermost bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 0.5 mm wide, with a claw up to 3/4 of full length. Peduncle alveolate. Female capitula with many florets with 3–20 central staminate florets and many rows of external pistillate florets. Male capitula with many florets with all central staminate florets or few rows of external pistillate florets. Corolla 3–5 mm. Pappus slightly exserted from corolla, filiform in pistillate florets, incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate in staminate florets. Achene oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, with glandular dots. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov.
Conifer and Betula forests, dry soils, subalpine or low mountain grasslands or shrubs, rocky valleys and roadsides. E, S, and W Gansu, N Guangxi, Guizhou, E and W Hubei, S Hunan, E Qinghai, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia (Far East); North America; widely introduced in Europe].
1a. Leaves 3-veined or 5-veined or with 2 veinlets between veins, oblong or linear-lanceolate, 7–12 mm wide ........................................................................................................... 3c. var. cinnamomea
1b. Leaves 1-veined or with 2 veinlets on margin; linear or linear-lanceolate, 3–8 mm wide.
2a. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3–8 mm wide ................................................ 3a. var. margaritacea
2b. Leaves linear, 3–6 mm wide ........................................................................ 3b. var. japonica
珠光香青(原变种) zhu guang xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Gnaphalium margaritaceum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 850. 1753; Anaphalis cinnamomea (Candolle) C. B. Clarke var. angustior Nakai; A. margaritacea subsp. angustior Kitamura; Antennaria margaritacea (Linnaeus) R. Brown; A. cinnamomea Candolle var. angustior Miquel; Gnaphalium margaritaceum Linnaeus var. timua Kuntze; Helichrysum margaritaceum (Linnaeus) Moench.
Stems 30–60 cm tall, sometimes to 100 cm. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5–9 cm × 3–8 mm, densely gray or light brown lanuginous abaxially, arachnoid or glabrous later adaxially, midrib raised, always with 2 veinlets on margin, base attenuate. Involucre 6–8 × 8–13 mm.
Subalpine or low mountain grasslands, rocky valleys and roadsides; 300–3400 m. S Gansu, N Guangxi, W Hubei, S Hunan, E Qinghai, S Shanxi (Qin Ling), Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Japan, Russia (Far East); North America; widely introduced in Europe].
This taxon is extremely variable.
珠光香青线叶变种 zhu guang xiang qing xian ye bian zhong
Antennaria japonica Schultz-Bipontinus, Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 1: 126. 1854; Anaphalis margaritacea var. angustifolia (Franchet & Savatier) Hayata; A. margaritacea subsp. japonica (Schultz-Bipontinus) Kitamura; A. margaritacea var. tsoongiana Ling; Gnaphalium margaritaceum var. angustifolium Franchet & Savatier.
Stems 30–60 cm. Leaves linear, 3–10 cm × 3–6 mm, acuminate; lower leaves obtuse or rounded, densely light brown or yellowish brown lanuginous abaxially, arachnoid or glabrous adaxially. Involucre sometimes smaller, ca. 5 mm. Corolla ca. 3 mm.
Subalpine or low mountain grasslands, rocky valleys and roadsides; 300–3400 m. S and W Gansu, Guizhou, E Hubei, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang (Bomi, Zayü), Yunnan [Japan, Korea].
This taxon is extremely variable in length, width of leaves, and length of internode, always without branches, but many branches on broken stems and densely short and apex-rounded leaves.
珠光香青黄褐变种 zhu guang xiang qing huang he bian zhong
Antennaria cinnamomea Candolle, Prodr. 6: 270. 1837; Anaphalis cinnamomea (Candolle) C. B. Clarke.
Stems 50–100 cm. Leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, 4–9 cm × 7–12 mm, sometimes to 25 mm, densely yellowish brown or reddish brown lanuginous abaxially, gray arachnoid lanuginous adaxially, raised 3-veined or 5-veined, base weakly auriculate, apex acuminate. Involucre same as var. japonica.
Low mountain or subalpine shrubs, grasslands, slopes, banks; 500–2800 m. E and S Gansu (Tianshui, Yuzhong), Guizhou, W Hubei (Ensi), S Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
须弥香青 xu mi xiang qing
Anaphalis polylepis Candolle.
[The text for this species is obviously translated from FRPS (75: 156. 1979), but this is not the correct style for FOC. If this species indeed occurs in Xizang, the description needs to be augmented made parallel with the others:] Herbs or subshrubs, base ramous. Branches erect or unbranched, white tomentose. Leaves sessile, somewhat adnate, oblong-lanceolate, with short cusp, white arachnoid tomentose abaxially, dust-scabrid hairy adaxially, margin entire. Heads 7–9, arranged in corymbiform inflorescences; peduncle ash-gray cottony tomentose, as long as inflorescence. Involucral bracts glabrous, snow white, external bracts ovate, shorter, middle ones ovate-oblong, longer than florets, innermost ones linear-oblong, as long as disc. [??:] All in NW India. “leaves villosulous or scabridulous hairy”. (according to Hooker f., var. royleana proper).
Xizang [NW Himalayas–which countries??].
[Is this discussion at all useful?? Suggest rewrite or delete:] According to Candolle, Anaphalis polylepis has “Leaves glabrous above, white cottony tomentose beneath …. close to A. polylepis, but fruticulose, heads smaller, with 20–50 florets, with or without few pistillate florets.” The last character seems to apply to staminate plants of this species. According to literature and type specimen photos by Candolle, this species, also close to A. margaritacea, has stem base ± woody, with branches; leaves dense, linear-oblong, 2–3 cm, gray or reddish brown lanuginous abaxially, nearly glabrous adaxially, 1-veined, weakly decurrent at base, obtuse or acute at apex; heads densely grouped in compound corymbs, somewhat similar to A. margaritacea but smaller; and involucral bracts obtuse or acuminate at apex.
玉山香青 yu shan xiang qing
Anaphalis buisanensis Hayata; A. contorta (D. Don) J. D. Hooker var. morrisonicola (Hayata) Yamamoto; A. margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham & J. D. Hooker f. nana Hayata; A. margaritacea f. morrisonicola Hayata; A. margaritacea subsp. morrisonicola (Hayata) Kitamura.
Rhizome repent, somewhat woody, usually sarmentose. Stems erect or ascending, usually caespitose, 15–40 cm, slender, much branched or unbranched, densely ash-gray cottony tomentose; internodes short. Lower leaves living or caducous and lost by anthesis, smaller, apex obtuse; middle leaves expanding, linear, oblong, or oblanceolate-linear, 1.5–3.5 × 0.2–0.4(–0.7) cm, base attenuate, semiamplexicaul and somewhat decurrent, margin plane, apex acute or obtuse, with small cusp; upper leaves stenophyllous; all leaves slightly leathery, ash-gray or fulvous densely cottony tomentose abaxially, glabrous or arachnoid tomentose adaxially, 1-veined or 3-veined. Heads 5 or more, arranged in corymbiform inflorescence on terminal of stems; peduncle 2–6 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate or semispherical, ca. 5 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 7 or 8 series, external bracts ovate, 1–2 mm, cottony tomentose, middle ones elliptic, ca. 4.3 × 1.5 mm, yellowish white, innermost ones narrower, spatulate, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Peduncle alveolate. Staminate heads bearing staminate florets only; pistillate heads with outer florets female, 3 or 4 staminate florets present in center; corolla ca. 3 mm. Pappus as long as corolla; staminate florets pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm, with lax glandular spots. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
Low hills, subalpine grasslands, rocks; 1600–3500 m. C Taiwan (Guanshan, Nenggao Shan, Yushan) [Philippines].
褶苞香青 zhe bao xiang qing
Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 10 cm, woody, 1–2 mm in diam., ramous, branches ascending or arcuate-ascending, densely cottony tomentose, densely leafy, bi-corymbiform branched at apex of flowering stems, compound corymbiform, 1.5–2 mm in diam.; rosulate leaves arranged at apex of sterile branches, linear-lanceolate, 8–10 mm. Lower leaves small, 4–5 mm wide, white dense cottony tomentose on both surfaces, margin plane, apex obtuse; middle leaves expanding, linear-lanceolate, 8–10 × 1.5–2 mm, white dense cottony tomentose on both surfaces, base sessile, somewhat decurrent, margin recurved, apex obtuse, with small cusp; leaves of 5–8 mm in inflorescence. Heads 20–30, arranged in compound corymbiform inflorescences, globose, ca. 5 × 6 mm when dry; peduncle 0–2 mm. Involucre base densely cottony tomentose; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, external bracts ovate or oblong, 2–2.5 mm, apex obtuse, opaque, somewhat brownish abaxially; middle ones expanding, oblanceolate-oblong, sometimes lanceolate, 4–4.5 mm, middle to apex white, lower parts hyaline, apex rounded, with longitudinal corrugation, margin plane. All florets staminate, sterile; corolla tubular, ca. 2.5 mm. Pappus white, ca. 3.2 mm, with hairs of apex slender and scabrid and easily deciduous. Peduncle alveolate. Fl. Sep.
* Xizang (Lhasa).
银衣香青 yin yi xiang qing
Subshrubs. Rhizome thickish. Sobols densely white cottony tomentose, usually with large leaves, caespitose with flowering stems. Stems erect, 30–60 cm, slightly slender, ash-gray silky tangled papery tomentose, virgate, base woody, usually densely leafy. Leaves expanding, 2–6 cm × 2–5 mm; lower leaves usually caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves linear or oblong-linear, broad or somewhat narrow at base, decurrent on stems and becoming short and narrow wing, apex acute or acuminate, with short cusp; upper leaves narrow and small, linear or subulate; all leaves white cottony tomentose, margin flat or somewhat recurved, midrib somewhat exserted abaxially. Heads 10 to numerous, densely arranged in compound corymbiform inflorescence; peduncle 1–2 mm; common peduncle of inflorescence ca. 2 cm. Involucre campanulate, ca. 5 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series, external bracts ovate, ca. 3 mm, fulvous, cottony tomentose; middle ones oblanceolate-oblong, ca. 4.3 mm, ca. 1 mm wide in pistillate florets, ca. 1.5 mm wide in staminate florets, white; innermost ones narrowly oblong, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Peduncle with fimbrillate appendage. Female capitula with many florets with 1–5 central staminate florets and many rows of external pistillate florets. Male capitula with many florets with all central staminate florets or 1–10 external pistillate florets. Corolla ca. 3 mm, slightly longer than corolla; staminate pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene oblong, ca. 1 mm, puberulent and glandular. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Sep–Dec.
* Slopes, grasslands; 1500–2800 m. Yunnan.
旋叶香青 xuan ye xiang qing
Antennaria contorta D. Don, Bot. Reg. 7: t. 605. 1821; Anaphalis contorta var. pellucida (Franchet) Ling; A. falconeri C. B. Clarke; A. franchetiana Diels; Antennaria tenella Candolle; Gnaphalium contortum (D. Don) Buchanan-Hamilton; G. pellucidum Franchet.
Rhizome woody, with solitary or caespitose soboles and flowering stems. Stems erect or ascending, 15–80 cm, somewhat slender, woody at base, virgate, white densely cottony tomentose, lower parts sometimes glabrous or having cottony tomentose axillary buds, rather densely leafy. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, leaves expanding or explanate, linear, 1.5–6 × 0.5–0.4 cm, larger upward, base cordate and auriculate-clasping, apex acuminate, sometimes with black tip, margin revolute; top leaves small and narrow; all leaves arachnoid hairy or glabrous adaxially, densely whitish tomentose abaxially; midrib somewhat exserted abaxially. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate in soboles, long cottony tomentose. Heads rather numerous, peduncle ca. 3 cm or without peduncle, dense, compound corymbiform on terminal of stems and braches. Involucre campanulate, 5–6 × 4–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series, external bracts weak fulvous or purple-red, cottony tomentose, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, middle ones obovate-oblong, apex rounded, ca. 4 mm, white in pistillate florets, ca. 1.2 mm wide; milky or rarely somewhat red in staminate florets, ca. 1.5 mm wide; innermost ones spatulate, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle alveolate. Female capitula with many florets with 1–4 central staminate florets and many rows external pistillate florets. Male capitula with many florets with all central staminate florets. Corolla 2.3–3 mm. Pappus almost as long as corolla; staminate florets pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex. Achene oblong, with small gland. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Slopes, grasslands; 1700–3500 m. W Guizhou (Huangcaoba), Xizang, Yunnan (Chuxiong, Dali, Jingdong, Kunming) [India, Kashmir].
多茎香青 duo jing xiang qing
Rhizome repent, woody, with dense slender roots. Numerous flowering stems and sterile stems caespitose. Stems erect or ascending, 5–10 cm, slender, woody at base, white or ash-gray cottony tomentose, lower parts glabrous later, usually unbranched, developed axillary buds at lower parts, all plants densely leafy. Leaves expanding, lower leaves usually caducous and lost by anthesis, linear, 5–10 × ca. 1 mm, base equilateral, semiamplexicaul; middle and upper leaves lanceolate-linear, 10–15 mm, slightly ampliate at base, auriculate, amplexicaul, margin recurved, apex acute, with small tips; all leaves ash-gray cottony tomentose, midrib somewhat exserted abaxially and with white dense lanate hairs. Sterile stems relatively shorter, 2–4 mm, leaves dense, upper leaves relatively broader and shorter, obovate or spatulate, margin plane. Heads numerous, arranged in corymbiform or compound-corymbiform inflorescences, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle 1–3 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 4–5 × 5–6 mm, lanate at base; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 4 series, brownish at base, apex light yellow; external bracts ovate, ca. 2 mm, middle ones oblong, innermost ones oblanceolate, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle alveolate. Male heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3–3.5 mm. Pappus slightly shorter than corolla, slightly incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Pistillate florets unknown. Fl. Jul–Oct.
Riverside sandlots. Xizang (Lhasa, Yadong) [Nepal].
帚枝香青 zhou zhi xiang qing
Perennial herbs or subshrubs, woody at base; rootstock thickish, woody. Stems numerous, virgate, erect or ascending, thin, densely leafy, white tomentose, floriferous, branching in upper parts, 20–40(–50) cm; sterile shoots numerous and considerably less high. Leaves sessile, linear, 1–25 cm, pubescent on both surfaces, apex acute, with very short cusp (mucronulate) or without it. Inflorescence dense, corymbiform, or paniculate-corymbiform, terminal, often with elongate lower branches. Heads 3–4 mm in diam., upper heads short, lower ones elongate-pedunculate, or orbicular-campanulate, numerous. Receptacle lacunose, glabrous. Involucre: external bracts oblong, others lanceolate-oblong, from base to middle tomentose brown or brownish, towards apex glabrous, whitish, and obtuse, 3–4 mm. Pistillate florets ca. 3 mm, thinly tubular; stigma exserted, bipartite. Pappus of thin hairs as long as corolla. Center of head with 2–4 sterile bisexual broadly tubular florets, glandular at apex, pappus of hairs shortly pinnate at apex and somewhat exceeding corolla; staminate florets ca. 3.5 mm, narrowly campanulate-tubular; corolla limb quinquepartite, glandular at apex. Staminate tube slightly exserted; stigma entire undeveloped. Pappus of short, pinnate hairs slightly shorter than corolla. Achenes oblong, ca. 0.75 mm, brownish. Fl. Jul–Oct.
3000–4000 m. Xinjiang, W Xizang [C Asia–list countries; SW Asia (Iran)].
苍山香青 cang shan xiang qing
Gnaphalium delavayi Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 409. 1896.
Perennial herbs. Rhizome thickish, somewhat woody, with withered leaves and soboles or runners bearing squamiform leaves. Stems erect, 5–35 cm, somewhat thickish, upper parts ash-gray arachnoid, lower parts glabrous, all plants with sparse leaves. Rosulate leaves obovate-spatulate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 cm; lower leaves usually caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves erect or somewhat expanding, obovate-oblong or oblong, 4–6 × 1–2 cm, base decurrent and becoming cuneate or narrow wing, margin plane, apex obtuse or rounded, with small cusp; upper leaves narrow and small, apex acute; all leaves densely arachnoid abaxially, sparsely arachnoid hairy adaxially, later glabrous except for midrib and margin, midrib somewhat exserted abaxially, with 3 conspicuous veins or another pair of lateral veins. Heads numerous, corymbiform, dense, terminal on stems; peduncle of inflorescence 2–5 mm. Involucre campanulate, ca. 7 × 5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 series; external bracts ovate, ca. 4.5 mm, red-brown or puce, arachnoid tomentose, apex actuate; middle ones ovate-lanceolate, ca. 7 × 2 mm, puce abaxially, white or yellow-white adaxially, apex acute; innermost ones oblong-linear, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle fimbrillate. Center of head bearing pistillate florets and a few bisexual sterile florets; staminate head bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3.5–4 mm. Pappus ca. 4.5 mm; staminate florets pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 1.2 mm, glabrous. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Alpine grasslands, forest margins; 3000–4000 m. NW Yunnan (Bijiang, Cangshan, Dali, Zhiziluo).
宽翅香青 kuan chi xiang qing
Anaphalis alata Maximowicz var. viridis Handel-Mazzetti; A. latialata var. viridis (Handel-Mazzetti) Ling & Y. L. Chen.
Rhizome usually woody, with short reddish brown lepidoid runners of squamiform leaves, with somewhat caespitose sterile stems and flowering stems. Stems erect, 30–50 cm, slightly slender, with white arachnoid hair and tentacle, unbranched or with inflorescence branches at upper parts, rather densely leafy at lower parts. Lower leaves usually short and small, often caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves expanding, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 3–5 × 0.2–0.8 cm, base equilateral, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow or cuneiform wing, margin plane, apex acuminate, with short cusp; upper leaves small, somewhat erect, apiculate, with withered scarious long cusp; all leaves arachnoid cottony tomentose, densely lanate, or only with capitate-stalked glandular hairs, midrib exserted abaxially, lateral veins not conspicuous. Heads numerous, compound corymbiform, dense, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle of inflorescence 1–3 mm; common peduncle of inflorescence ca. 2 cm. Involucre campanulate, 6–7 × 6–8 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 6 or 7 series, outer bracts ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, sparsely cottony tomentose, middle bracts oblong, ca. 6 × 2.5 mm, apex somewhat obtuse, white or lurid, with gland at top of claw, innermost ones oblong-linear, with a claw ca. 2/5 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Outer layers of pistillate heads female, 1 or 2 staminate florets present in center; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3.2–3.5 mm. Pappus almost equaling corolla, staminate florets pappus incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene ca. 1 mm, with lax glandular spots. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
* Alpine and subalpine slopes or mountainous regions exposed to sun. W Gansu, E Qinghai, W Sichuan.
二色香青 er se xiang qing
Rhizome slender or thickish, somewhat woody; sobols short, with brown scale, terminal and white tomentose rosette leaves, caespitose with flowering stems. Stems erect from geniculate base, 20–45 cm, white or ash-gray or whitish yellow cottony tomentose and capitate-stalked glandular hairy, lower parts usually glabrous, rather densely leafy. Lower leaves often caducous and lost by anthesis, middle and upper leaves somewhat erect or patent, linear or oblong-linear, 1.5–4(–7) × 0.2–0.8 cm, densely whitish yellow cottony tomentose and capitate-stalked glandular hairy, base decurrent on stems and forming narrow wing, somewhat thickish, margin somewhat recurved or flat, sometimes undulate, apex obtuse or acuminate, with long subula; midrib exserted abaxially, lateral veins not conspicuous. Heads numerous (rarely few to 5), compound corymbiform, dense, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle of inflorescence short; common peduncle of inflorescence ca. 3 cm, with subulate-linear bract. Involucre campanulate, 6–8 × 6–8 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series, outer bracts tomentose, ca. 2 mm, middle ones oblanceolate-elliptic, ca. 5 mm, ca. 2 mm wide in staminate florets, ca. 1.5 mm wide in pistillate florets, apex obtuse or rounded, somewhat yellow or dirty white, light brownish at base, innermost ones linear-oblong, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle shallowly alveolate. Outer layers of pistillate heads female, 1 or 2 staminate florets present in center; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla ca. 4 mm. Pappus almost equaling corolla, relatively thick and flat in staminate florets, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 1 mm, rarely longer, almost glabrous. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Sep–Nov.
* Alpine to low hill grasslands, deserts, under shrubs and conifer forests. E and SW Gansu, Qinghai, SW and W Sichuan, E Xizang, N and W Yunnan.
1a. Upper parts yellow or whitish yellow cottony tomentose, lower parts ash-gray cottony tomentose, capitate glandular hairs with long stalk under lanate hairs.
2a. Leaves dense, internodes usually 2–5 mm; upper leaves somewhat erect or adnate to stems, leaves 1.5–4 cm × 2–4 mm, linear or oblong-linear, apex acuminate; involucre 6–6.5 mm .... 13a. var. bicolor
2b. Leaves sparse, internodes usually 5–10 mm; upper leaves somewhat expanding, 6–7 cm × 4–8 mm, oblong-linear, apex obtuse; involucre 7–8 mm .......................................... 13b. var. longifolia
1b. All plants gray or white lanate, or stems and leaves adaxially with arachnoid hairs or glandular hairs.
3a. Leaves adaxially with arachnoid hairs and capitate glandular hairs with long stalk, margin usually undulate, expanding ................................................................................... 13e. var. undulata
3b. All plants gray or white lanate, leaf margin not undulate.
4a. Leaves dense, internodes 2–5 mm; upper leaves erect or
weakly expanding, 1.5–4 cm × 2–4 mm, apex acuminate; involucre ca. 6 mm
...................................................................................................... 13c.
var. subconcolor
4b. Leaves sparse, internodes 4–10 mm; upper leaves expanding, 2.5–5 cm × 3–7 mm, apex round or obtuse; involucre ca. 7 mm ......................................................... 13d. var. kokonorica
二色香青(原变种) er se xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Gnaphalium bicolor Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 411. 1896.
Upper parts of plants yellow or whitish yellow cottony tomentose, lower parts ash-gray cottony tomentose, capitate glandular hairs with long stalk under lanate hairs; leaves dense, internodes usually 2–5 mm. Upper leaves somewhat erect or adnate to stems; leaves 1.5–4 cm × 2–4 mm, linear or oblong-linear, apex acuminate. Involucre 6–6.5 mm.
* 2000–3500 m. SW and W Sichuan (Chawalong, Kangding, Leibo, Muli, Xiangcheng), N and W Yunnan (Bingchuan, Dali, Kunming, Wuding, Zhongdian).
二色香青长叶变种 er se xiang qing chang ye bian zhong
Upper parts of plants yellow or whitish yellow cottony tomentose, lower parts ash-gray cottony tomentose, capitate glandular hairs with long stalk under lanate hairs; leaves sparse, internodes usually 5–10 mm. Upper leaves somewhat expanding, 6–7 cm × 4–8 mm, oblong-linear, apex obtuse. Involucre 7–8 mm.
* 3400–3800 m. SW and W Sichuan (Dajin, Daliangshan, Ganzi, Leibo, Muli), NW Yunnan (Lijiang).
二色香青同色变种 er se xiang qing tong se bian zhong
All plants gray or white lanate; leaves dense, internodes 2–5 mm. Upper leaves erect or weakly expanding, 1.5–4 cm × 2–4 mm, apex acuminate. Involucre ca. 6 mm; phyllary whitish yellow.
* 3100–3600 m. E Gansu (Lintan), SW and W Sichuan (Daofu, Songpan, Taining, Xiaojin), E Xizang (Bagong, Changdou).
二色香青青海变种 er se xiang qing qing hai bian zhong
All plants gray or white lanate; leaves sparse, internodes 4–10 mm. Upper leaves expanding, 2.5–5 cm × 3–7 mm, apex round or obtuse. Involucre ca. 7 mm; phyllary white or whitish yellow. Corolla 4–4.5 mm. Achene ca. 1.5 mm.
* 3000–3800 m. W Gansu (Xiahe), E Qinghai (Menyuan, Xinghai).
二色香青波缘变种 er se xiang qing bo yuan bian zhong
Anaphalis undulata Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1104. 1936.
Leaves obovate-linear, 2–4 cm × 4–5 mm, adaxially with arachnoid hairs and capitate glandular hairs with long stalk, margin usually undulate, expanding.
* About 2200 m. SW Sichuan (Xiangcheng), NW Yunnan (Zhongdian).
膜苞香青 mo bao xiang qing
Rhizome slender, somewhat woody; stolon ca. 12 cm, with brown squamiform leaves and terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect, caespitose, 15–45 cm, slender, unbranched, white or pallid arachnoid tomentose, rather sparsely leafy. Basal and lower leaves relatively small, caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves erect or somewhat expanding, oblanceolate-oblong or linear-oblong, 2.5–4.5 × 0.5–2 cm, base attenuate, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow or cuneate wing, margin plane, apex obtuse or acute; upper leaves small, linear or linear-lanceolate, with small or withered cusp; all leaves thin, tomentose on both surfaces or densely pallid arachnoid abaxially and mixed with tentacle, inconspicuously 3-veined. Heads 7–10 or more, corymbiform, terminal on stems; peduncle of inflorescence 1–5 mm. Involucre campanulate, 6–7 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series, thin, base hyaline, apex white, not hyaline; external bracts ovate, ca. 3.5 mm, light brownish, apex obtuse; middle ones elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, apex actuate; innermost ones lanceolate-linear, ca. 5.8 mm with a claw ca. 1/2 or 1/3 of full length. Peduncle with fimbrillate appendage. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and a few staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla ca. 4 mm. Pappus ca. 5 mm, staminate florets relatively incrassate at tip of apex, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, with dense mammilla. Fl. Jul.
* Alpine hillside grasslands; 2500–2800 m. W Gansu (Qingshui, Xiahe).
丽江香青 li jiang xiang qing
Gnaphalium likiangense Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 140. 1896; Anaphalis nervosa Ling.
Rhizome relatively thickish, woody. Soboles and stolons with dense scalelike withered leaves and terminal rosette leaves, caespitose with flowering stems. Stems erect, 15–25 cm, slender, unbranched, ash-gray densely lanate, rather densely leafy. Basic and lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, small, spatulate-oblong; middle leaves dense, erect or patent, oblong-lanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–1 cm, base acute, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow or cuneate wing, usually semiamplexicaul, margin recurved when dry, apex acute, with small cusp; upper leaves linear-lanceolate; all leaves dark green adaxially, appressed or arachnoid tomentose, sometimes glabrate, lustrous, pallid or white lanate abaxially, midrib exserted abaxially, midrib and 3 veins flat or somewhat excavated adaxially, top leaves 1-veined. Heads 10–30, dense, corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence 1–3 mm. Involucre campanulate, 6–8 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts oval-lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm, dark brownish, arachnoid tomentose; middle ones oblong-lanceolate, 5–6 mm, ca. 2 mm wide in staminate florets, ca. 1.5 mm wide in pistillate florets, white except for base (yellow when dried), apex obtuse or acute; innermost ones ligulate or lanceolate-linear, ca. 4 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–3 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3.5–4 mm, pappus longer than corolla; upper part of pappus of staminate florets thickish and flat, dentate. Ovary 0.8–1 mm, almost glabrous. Achene oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, with dense mammilla. Fl. Aug–Sep.
* Valleys, ditchsides, grasslands, under Picea forests; 3100–3400 m. NW Yunnan (Heqing, Lijiang, Zhongdian).
细弱香青 xi ruo xiang qing
[Either verify from specimens or accept these quoted features. Except for the one query, they do not seem to contradict:] “Rhizome woody, repent, virgate” [according to Handel-Mazzetti; Ed. note: Rhizome repent and virgate?? Does virgate refer to stems??]. “Stems erect or ascending, ca. 14 cm tall, ca. 1 mm in diam., white arachnoid tomentose” [according to C. C. Chang], “upper parts brownish pilose” [according to Handel-Mazzetti], “unbranched, slender, …” internodes 7–11 mm. Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, arachnoid tomentose abaxially, green adaxially, glabrous, almost lustrous, 1-veined, base long cuneate, decurrent along stems and becoming narrow wing, apex obtuse to truncate; lower leaves usually caducous and lost by anthesis, 4–13 × 2–2.5 mm, base slightly larger, erect to expanding; upper leaves linear, apex usually brownish scarious piliform. Inflorescence terminal, corymbiform, dense, ca. 2 cm in diam. Heads 4–6; peduncle absent or to 3 mm, white arachnoid tomentose. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 7.5–8 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 series, all erect, apex obtuse; external bracts oblanceolate, 4–5 mm, reddish brown; middle ones ca. 7 mm, base brown and red, apex white; innermost ones linear, 5.5–7 mm. Florets in center of head sterile, ca. 3, corolla ca. 4 mm, pappus ca. 3 mm, incrassate at tip of apex; outer florets ca. 8, corolla ca. 3.5 mm. Achene oblong, glabrous, ca. 0.6 mm. Pappus white, ca. 3.5 mm.
* W Sichuan.
No specimens were seen by the first author.
江孜香青 jiang zi xiang qing
[Details from protologue can be accepted in good faith if they cannot be verified from specimens:] Rhizome slender, woody; stolons slender, with rufous lanceolate scale and terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect from geniculate base, 30–40 cm, slender, usually curved, lower parts glabrous, slightly woody, upper parts arachnoid tomentose or lanate-piliferous, with lanate axillary buds and short branches, sparsely leafy. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves oblong-linear, 4–5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, base equilateral or slightly narrow, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow wing, margin plane, apex acute or nearly rounded, with long cusp; upper leaves considerably small, ca. 1.5 × 0.3 cm; all leaves dark green, arachnoid tomentose, glabrous later, with pallid arachnoid thinly lanate hair and capitate cauliferous tentacle, upper leaves pubescent on both surfaces, midrib not conspicuous. Heads small, 5 or “15–20” [according to protologue], congested to globose-corymbiform inflorescences not exceeding upper leaves. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts purple-brownish, ovate; middle ones oval-lanceolate, upper parts white or slightly yellow, apex obtuse. Staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Ovary “considerably small, glandular at apex, pappus longer than achene” [according to protologue]. Fl. Jul–??.
* Forests; ca. 3900 m. S Xizang (“Jiangzi, Shaquantang”–according to protologue).
黄绿香青 huang lü xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, woody, ascending, upper parts densely with withered leaves, with rosette leaves and densely caespitose flowering stems and sterile stems. Stems erect and ascending, 20–50 cm, lower parts woody, persistent, simple or branching at base or broken stems, with yellow capitate-stalked glandular hairs, arachnoid tomentose at lower parts, densely leafy. Rosulate leaves obovate or oblong, ca. 1.5 × 0.5 cm, both surfaces ash-gray cottony tomentose; lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves somewhat expanding, oblong or linear-lanceolate, 3–7 × 0.3–1 cm, base equilateral, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow or cuneate wing, margin plane, apex acute, with conspicuous cusp; leaves becoming smaller upward, erect or somewhat expanding, lanceolate-linear, acuminate, with withered scarious long cusp; all leaves yellow-green, thin, with stalked glandular hairs on both surfaces, 3-veined, hairs around veins considerably long. Heads numerous, dense, compound corymbiform, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle of inflorescence slender. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 7 × 5–8 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts broadly ovate, ca. 3.5 mm, cottony tomentose; middle ones oblong, ca. 6 × 2.5 mm, base fulvous, apex obtuse or rounded, yellow-white; innermost ones oblong, ca. 5.5 mm, with a claw ca. 1/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–3 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 4–4.5 mm. Pappus almost as long as corolla, staminate florets pappus incrassate at tip of apex, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 1 mm, sparsely papillate. Fl. Jul–Sep.
* Subalpine and low hill grasslands, between rocks; 1800–3600 m. SW Sichuan (Chawalong, Jiulong, Muli), NW Yunnan (Deqian, Weixi, Yongning, Zhongdian).
雅致香青 ya zhi xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, woody, ascending, upper parts densely with withered leaves, with rosette leaves and caespitose flowering stems and sterile stems. Stems erect or ascending, 20–50 cm, lower parts woody, persistent, slightly slender, usually simple, with capitate-stalked glandular hairs and sparse arachnoid hairs, densely hairy in upper parts, whole stems or lower parts densely leafy. Rosulate leaves obovate or spatulate-elliptic, 0.7–1.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm, apex obtuse. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, oblong-spatulate, base attenuate and forming long-winged stalk or base sheathlike; middle leaves elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 × ca. 1 cm, base somewhat narrow or nearly round, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow wing, margin plane, apex acute or obtuse, with small cusp; upper leaves slightly erect, linear-lanceolate, with withered long cusp; all leaves with capitate-stalked glandular hairs on both surfaces, white arachnoid tomentose at margin and abaxially, 3-veined, midrib thickish. Heads numerous, dense, compound corymbiform, terminal on branches; peduncle of inflorescence 0.3–1 cm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 6–7 cm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts ovate, ca. 3 mm, light brownish, lanate; middle ones obovate-oblong, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, ivory white or somewhat reddish, apex rounded; innermost ones spatulate-oblong, ca. 5 mm, with a claw ca. 1/2 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 4–6 staminate florets. Corolla 4–4.2 mm. Pappus almost equal to corolla. Upper parts of staminate florets pappus considerably incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Achene oblong, ca. 1.2 mm, papillate. Fl. Jul–Aug.
* Sunny hillside gravel slopes; 3100–3200 m. W Sichuan (Dege), NW Yunnan (Zhongdian).
中甸香青 zhong dian xiang qing
Rhizome thickish or somewhat slender, woody, surrounded by withered leaves. Flowering stems and sterile stems laxly caespitose. Stems erect or ascending, 15–30 cm, simple, somewhat slender, light fulvous arachnoid lanate or white arachnoid lanate, laxly leafy. Rosulate leaves spatulate-oblong, ca. 9 × 1 cm, base attenuate and forming winged stalk. Basal leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; lower and middle leaves ligulate or linear-oblong, rarely oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–7 × 0.2–1 cm, base usually equilateral, semiamplexicaul, decurrent on stems and becoming broadly or narrowly cuneate wing, margin plane, apex rounded or obtuse; upper leaves linear, gradually acute, with withered long cusp; all leaves light fulvous arachnoid lanate on both surfaces and mixed with capitate cauliferous tentacle, inconspicuously 3-veined. Heads numerous, dense, compound corymbiform or paniculate-corymbiform [seems odd:] of long peduncle; peduncle of inflorescence 2.5–4 mm, densely lanate. Involucre broadly campanulate, 7–8 × ca. 7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts elliptic, light brownish, lanate; middle ones oblong or elliptic, ca. 7 × 2 mm, white, apex acute in pistillate florets and rounded or obtuse in staminate florets; innermost ones linear-oblong, ca. 4.5 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–3 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3.2–3.5 mm. Pappus longer than corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, dentate. Achene terete, ca. 0.7 mm, almost glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
* Hillside grasslands; 3100–3800 m. NW Yunnan (Deqian, Zhongdian).
香青 xiang qing
Rhizome slender or thickish, woody, runners ca. 8 cm. Stems erect, laxly or densely caespitose, 20–50 cm, slender or thickish, usually simple or branching after efflorescence or on broken branches, white or ash-gray cottony tomentose, densely leafy. Rosulate leaves densely lanate, apex obtuse or rounded. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or linear, 2.5–9 × 0.2–1.5 cm, base attenuate, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow or slightly broad wing, margin plane, apex acute or actuate, with short and small cusp; upper leaves smaller, lanceolate-linear or linear; all leaves arachnoid lanate, or white or yellow-white densely lanate abaxially or on both surfaces, mixed with glandular hairs, 1-veined or 3-veined with lateral veins vanishing. Heads numerous or considerably numerous, dense compound corymbiform or polycyclic corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence slender. Involucre campanulate or almost obconical, 4–5(–6) × 4–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 6 or 7 series; external bracts oval, ca. 2 mm, light brownish, arachnoid tomentose; middle ones ligulate-oblong, ca. 3.5 × 1–1.2 mm, milky white or dirty white, apex obtuse or rounded; innermost ones narrower, long elliptic, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length; involucral bracts in staminate florets usually obtuse. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–4 staminate florets; peduncle in male plants with fimbrillate short hairs, inflorescence all with staminate florets. Corolla 2.8–3 mm. Pappus slightly longer than corolla; pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrate. Achene 0.7–1 mm, with small gland. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct.
Low hill or subalpine shrub forests, grasslands, hillsides, riversides; 400–2100 m. S Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, W Henan, W Hubei, E and S Hunan, S Jiangsu, W Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, E Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea +please include all other countries adjacent to China plus any in tropical Asia; and add generalized range if elsewhere].
This is a widespread, extremely variable species. It is similar to Anaphalis aureopunctata but differs in being usually taller and stronger and having leaves denser, involucre smaller, bracts more layered with base beige or gray-brown and apex elliptic.
1a. Stems laxly caespitose, 20–50 cm, internodes 5–20 mm, inflorescence dense or expanding; involucral bracts white, rarely red.
2a. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate-oblong; internodes 5–10 mm .......................... 21a. var. sinica
2b. Leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong, or linear; internodes 10–20 mm, longer on upper stems 21b. var. remota
1b. Stems densely caespitose, branched from rhizome, ca. 20 cm, internodes 2–10 mm; inflorescence dense; involucral bracts white or weakly red.
3a. Leaves green and sparsely lanate adaxially, densely lanate abaxially .............. 21c. var. densata
3b. Leaves and stems densely with white thickish lanate hairs ............................... 21d. var. lanata
香青(原变种) xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Anaphalis possietica Komarov; A. pterocaulon (Franchet & Savatier) Maximowicz; A. pterocaulon var. sinica (Hance) Handel-Mazzetti; A. todaiensis Honda; Gnaphalium pterocaula Franchet & Savatier.
Stems laxly caespitose; internodes short, 5–10 mm. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 3–9 × 1–1.5 cm, densely lanate abaxially, arachnoid lanate adaxially. Inflorescence dense or expanding. Involucral bracts white, rarely red.
Hill or mountain woods, grasslands, slopes, banks; 400–2000 m. S Anhui (Huangshan, Jiupingshan, Qianshan, Qimen, Shucheng), Guangxi, W Hubei (Fangxian, Lichuan), E and S Hunan (Baojing, Hengshan, Qianyang, Yongsui), S Jiangsu, W Jiangxi (Lushan, Pingxiang, Wugongshan, Xinjian), E Sichuan (Wanyuan), Zhejiang [please cite the full extra-Chinese distribution for the variety also].
This taxon is widespread in Asia and is extremely variable.
香青疏生变种 xiang qing shu sheng bian zhong
Anaphalis alata Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 27: 478. 1881; Anaphalis chanetii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; Gnaphalium chanetii H. Léveillé.
Stems laxly caespitose; internodes 10–20 mm. Leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong, or linear, 4–9 × 0.5–1.5 cm, abaxially with white or whitish yellow dense lanate hairs, adaxially sparsely lanate, base attenuate, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow wing. Involucral bracts white.
* Hill or mountain woods, grasslands, slopes, banks; 800–2100 m. Gansu (Zhangxian), Hebei (Jingxing, Neiqiu, Xingtai), Shaanxi (Ningqiang, Taibaishan, Yangxian), Shanxi (Lingchuan, Qinxian, Shangcheng, Xiaoyi, Yuanqu, Zhongyang).
香青密生变种 xiang qing mi sheng bian zhong
Stems densely caespitose, ca. 20 cm; internodes short, 2–10 mm. Leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong, or linear, 2.5–4 × 0.2–0.5 cm, abaxially with white or whitish yellow dense lanate hairs, adaxially sparsely lanate. Involucral bracts white or whitish red.
* Shandong (Laoshan, Taishan).
香青棉毛变种 xiang qing mian mao bian zhong
Stems densely caespitose, ca. 20 cm; internodes 2–10 mm. Leaves and stems densely with white thickish lanate hairs. Involucral bracts white or weakly red.
* Mountaintop grasslands; 1000–1100 m. W Henan (Songshan).
This variety is similar to Anaphalis sinica var. densata.
灰叶香青 hui ye xiang qing
Rhizome long. Stems erect, 20–45 cm, lower parts thickish and woody, branching at base or having slender branches at lower axils, with long flowering branches at upper parts, densely hairy, lower leaves dense and upper leaves sparse. Leaves obovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 cm, base acute and becoming short stalk; lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves obovate, oblanceolate-spatulate, or oblong, 3–7 × 0.8–2 cm, base attenuate and forming cauliferous stalk, or almost equal width and base acute, semiamplexicaul, decurrent on stems and becoming short wing, smooth edged, apex obtuse or rounded, rarely acute; upper leaves bractlike, lanceolate-linear or linear, apiculate; all leaves slightly thickish, with ash-gray arachnoid lanate hairs, mixed with capitate shortly stalked glandular hairs, midrib exserted on both surfaces, conspicuously 3-veined or with another pair of veinlets near margin. Heads considerably numerous and dense, compound corymbiform, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle of inflorescence ca. 3 mm. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4–5 × ca. 4 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 series; external bracts about ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, light brownish, arachnoid tomentose; middle ones oblong-ligulate, ca. 4 × 1–1.3 mm, white or dirty white, apex rounded-obtuse; innermost ones narrowly oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1 or 2 staminate florets. Corolla 2.5–3 mm. Pappus slightly longer than corolla. Achene oblong, ca. 0.8 mm, papillate. Fl. and fr. Aug.
* Sunny roadsides; 3000–3100 m. E and S Xizang (Luliang, Nyingchi).
竟生香青 jing sheng xiang qing
Perennial herbs. Rhizome unknown. Stems erect or arcuate, ca. 25 cm or more, lower stems 4–5 mm in diam., densely gray lanuginous, simple or upper parts 1 or 2 branches, 4–9 cm, with sparse leaves, internode 1.5–2 cm. Lower leaves usually withered in anthesis; middle leaves broadly elliptic or subrounded, 5–6.5 × 3–4 cm, base sharply narrowed to winged petiole, dilated and amplexicaul, margin plane, apex acute or subrounded, rarely acuminate; upper leaves gradually diminutive, oblanceolate-spatulate or oblanceolate-oblong, 5–6 × 1.3–2 cm, base attenuate to broadly winged petiole, apex acuminate with tips, amplexicaul; all leaves thick, both surfaces densely yellowish gray lanate, intermixed with villiform glandular hairs, 3- or sub-5-veined, lateral veins 1 or 2 pairs, midrib prominent abaxially. Capitula few, compound corymbiform, 1.5–3 cm in diam. Peduncle 2–3 mm, densely tomentose. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series; external bracts ovate, 1.5–2 mm, beige, arachnoid; inner elliptic-oblong, 2.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, sordid white, apex rounded, or rarely 3-denticulate; innermost bracts narrowly oblong or linear, ca. 3.5 mm, with green vittate claw. Capitula with heteromorphic florets, outer multipistillate, center with 1 or 2 staminate florets; staminate floret corolla tubular, pistillate floret corolla filiform; pappus white, slightly exserted to corolla, in staminate slightly thick, in pistillate setaceous. Achene oblong, 0.7–0.8 mm, brown, mammillate. Fl. Sep.
* Canal sides, roadsides; ca. 3700 m. Xizang (Gongbujiangda).
能高香青 neng gao xiang qing
Rhizome ascending. Stems solitary, not caespitose, unbranched, erect, 10–18 cm, densely lanate, with leaves at top. Rosulate leaves at base, caducous and lost by anthesis, smaller than middle leaves; leaves erect at stems, green adaxially, light green abaxially, narrowly oblong, 3–4 cm × 9–12 mm, thin, with lanate and scabrid hairs on both surfaces, base decurrent on stems and becoming broad short wing, margin plane, apex acute; upper leaves smaller. Inflorescence dense, corymbiform. Involucre hemispherical when dry, ca. 5 × 9 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 series, middle ones longest, longer than floret, apex obtuse, middle to apex white, somewhat brownish abaxially. Capitula with heteromorphic florets; pistillate florets numerous and present in margin, corolla ca. 2.5 mm, pappus slender scabrid hairy; staminate florets fewer, tubular, apex glandular, pappus dirty white, apex slightly thickish. Receptacle glabrous. Achene unknown. Fl. Aug–Oct.
* Taiwan.
黄腺香青 huang xian xiang qing
Rhizome slender or somewhat thickish, runner ca. 12 cm, or rarely to 20 cm. Stems erect or ascending, 20–50 cm, slender or thickish, simple, rarely with erect flowering branches after efflorescence, herbaceous or woody at base, white or pallid arachnoid tomentose, or lower parts somewhat glabrous, lower leaves dense or upper leaves lax; rosulate leaves broadly spatulate-elliptic, lower parts attenuate and becoming long stalk, usually densely lanate. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, spatulate or lanceolate-elliptic, with winged stalk, 5–16 × 1–6 cm; middle leaves slightly small, somewhat patent, attenuate at base, decurrent on stems and becoming wide or narrow wing, margin plane, apex acute or rarely acuminate, with mucro or long cusp; upper leaves small, lanceolate-linear; all leaves adaxially with cauliferous lanate hairs and easily deciduous arachnoid hairs, with white or pallid arachnoid hair and tentacle, or somewhat glabrous, 3-veined or 5-veined, lateral veins conspicuous and reaching margin or vanishing at margin, or 1-veined. Heads numerous or considerably numerous, dense, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence slender. Involucre campanulate or narrowly campanulate, 5–6 × ca. 5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series; external bracts light or dark brownish, ovate, ca. 2 mm, lanate; middle ones white or yellow-white, ca. 5 mm, apex broadly rounded in staminate florets, ca. 2.5 mm wide, apex obtuse or actuate in pistillate florets, ca. 1.5 mm wide; innermost ones slightly narrow and short, spatulate or oblong, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 3 or 4 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only or 3 or 4 pistillate florets present in outer layer. Corolla 3–3.5 mm. Pappus slightly longer than corolla; pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achene ca. 1 mm, villosulous. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Forests, forest margins, hills, grasslands, bamboo or grassy slopes, rocky places, valleys, wetlands; 1000–4200 m. S Gansu, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, W Henan, W Hubei, SW and W Hunan, NW Jiangxi, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
This species similar to Anaphalis sinica, but differs in having stems herbaceous, only sometimes slightly woody at base, leaves dense on lower stems, internode longer on upper stems, involucre large, especially in male plants, involucral bracts large and broadly rounded, and leaves with long lateral veins.
1a. Involucral bracts yellowish white, base black-brown or purple-brown .................. 25d. var. atrata
1b. Involucral bracts white or yellowish white, base beige after desiccation.
2a. Leaves abaxially with densely lanate hairs, 3-veined to apex .................... 25c. var. tomentosa
2b. Leaves abaxially with arachnoid hairs or glabrous, 1-, 3-, or 5-veined.
3a. Leaves narrow, 3-veined or 1-veined ......................................... 25a. var. aureopunctata
3b. Leaves broad, 5-veined to apex, upper leaves 3-veined ............. 25b. var. plantaginifolia
黄腺香青(原变种) huang xian xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Anaphalis aureopunctata f. calvescens (Pampanini) Y. L. Chen; A. pterocaulon (Franchet & Savatier) Maximowicz var. calvescens Pampanini; A. pterocaulon var. intermedia Pampanini; A. sinica Hance var. calvescens (Pampanini) S. Y. Hu; A. sinica subsp. intermedia (Pampanini) Kitamura.
Stems slender or thickish, with arachnoid lanate hairs or somewhat glabrous lower parts. Leaf shape variable, or lower leaves elliptic-spatulate or broadly elliptic, with winged petiole; middle leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5–12 × 1–2.5 cm; all leaves 3-veined, lateral veins not reaching apex, or sometimes linear and 1-veined, abaxially with arachnoid or thin lanate hairs or glabrous.
* Forests, forest margins, grasslands, valleys, rocky places; 1200–3600 m. S Gansu (Chengxian, Yuzhong), N Guangdong (Lechang, Renhua), N Guangxi (Rongshui), Guizhou (Panxian), W Henan (Lushi), W Hubei (Badong, Lichuan, Xingshan, Xiangyang), SW Hunan (Yizhang), E Qinghai (Datong, Menyuan), S Shaanxi (Huxian, Lueyang), S Shanxi (Yuanqu), Sichuan, E to W Yunnan (Kunming, Lijiang, Weixi, Zhongdian).
黄腺香青车前叶变种 huang xian xiang qing che qian ye bian zhong
Stems thickish, with arachnoid adnate hair. Lower or middle leaves broadly elliptic, base attenuate to long petiole, 6–16 cm × 2–6 mm, both surfaces at first with arachnoid or stalked glandular hairs, later glabrous except along vein abaxially, 5-veined and lateral veins reaching apex; upper leaves small, elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 3-veined or 1-veined.
* Hills, wetlands; 1000–2700 m. W Hubei (Sangzhi), W Hunan (Baojing), NW Jiangxi (Huanglongshan), S Sichuan (Emei).
黄腺香青绒毛变种 huang xian xiang qing rong mao bian zhong
Anaphalis sinica var. tomentosa (Handel-Mazzetti) Kitamura.
Stems thickish, with arachnoid hair. Lower and middle leaves broadly elliptic, spatulate to lanceolate-elliptic, 5–9 × 2–4 cm, abaxially with white or gray densely lanate and rust-colored hairs along veins, adaxially with arachnoid and capitate-stalked glandular hairs, 3-veined up to apex, base sharply narrowed to broad wing. Involucre base beige.
* Forests, bamboo slopes; 2100–3800 m. Guizhou (Fanjinshan), W Henan (Lushi), W Hubei, S Shaanxi (Taibaishan), Sichuan (Ebian, Emei, Hongya, Leibo), Yunnan (Dali, Heqing, Lijiang, Weisi, Zhenkang).
黄腺香青黑鳞变种 huang xian xiang qing hei lin bian zhong
Anaphalis pterocaulon var. atrata Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1103. 1936; A. conferta Chang; A. sinica var. atrata (Handel-Mazzetti) Kitamura.
Stems thickish or slender. Leaves stenophyllous, spatulate or oblanceolate-elliptic, abaxially densely white or gray lanate, adaxially with arachnoid and glandular hairs, 3-veined, base gradually narrow, apex acute. Involucre yellowish white, dried base puce or purple-brown.
* Alpine forests, grassy and rocky slopes; 3000–4200 m. SW and W Sichuan (Muli, Kangding), NW Yunnan (Dêqên, Gongshan, Heqing, Lijiang, Weixi, Zhengkang, Zhongdian).
This taxon is an alpine type, easily distinguishable from the above varieties.
萎软香青 wei ruan xiang qing
Rhizome slender, slightly woody; stolon slender, with smaller leaves or terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect from geniculate base, caespitose, 20–30 cm, slender, usually curved, simple or with few inflorescence branches, herbaceous, with pallid arachnoid villous hairs, lower leaves dense and upper leaves lax. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, narrowly spatulate, acuminate and becoming long stalk, ca. 5 × 0.8 cm; middle and upper leaves erect or patent, linear-spatulate or linear, 2.5–5 × 0.2–0.5 cm, base attenuate or equilateral, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow wing, margin plane, apex obtuse or rounded, with small cusp; all leaves pallid arachnoid lanate on both surfaces, not conspicuously 3-veined. Heads numerous, compound corymbiform, terminal on stems and branches; peduncle of inflorescence 1–3 mm. Involucre campanulate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts elliptic, ca. 2 mm, light fulvous, lanate, apex obtuse, middle ones oblong or elliptic, 4–5 × 1–1.5 mm, upper parts white, apex obtuse or actuate, sometimes lacerate, lower parts membranous, nearly hyaline; innermost ones narrowly oblong, ca. 4 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–6 staminate florets. Corolla 2.5–3 mm. Pappus slightly longer than corolla. Achene subterete, ca. 0.7 mm, villosulous and with small glandular spot. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
* Peaks, hillside grasslands, shrub forests; 1800–2400 m. W Guizhou (Weining), NE Yunnan.
伞房香青 san fang xiang qing
Rhizome slender, repent, stolon slender, with lanceolate membranous scale and terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect or ascending, 7–16 cm, considerably slender, simple or with inflorescence branches, white arachnoid-piliferous, with slender sulcus, lower leaves dense and upper leaves lax. Basal leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, almost homomorphic with rosulate leaves, obovate or spatulate, 0.5–1(–2) × 0.4(–0.8) cm, base cuneate, apex rounded and obtuse; middle leaves oblanceolate-oblong or elliptic, 2–4 × 0.3–0.8 cm, base attenuate and decurrent along stems and becoming short wing, smooth edged, apex actuate or obtuse, mucronulate; upper leaves stenophyllous, linear-lanceolate, with long cusp; all leaves pallid arachnoid densely lanate abaxially, green and arachnoid-piliferous adaxially, usually glabrous later, midrib exserted abaxially, conspicuously 3-veined. Heads numerous, 2–5 congested and terminal on branches, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence 1–4 mm. Involucre campanulate, 4–5 × 4–5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse, deep-brownish, base arachnoid-piliferous; middle ones oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–5 × 1.5–2.2 mm, base light brownish, upper parts white, apex obtuse; innermost ones linear, 3.5–4 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1 or 2 staminate florets; “12–13 staminate florets present in staminate head” [according to protologue]. Corolla 3–3.5 mm, rarely ca. 2 mm. Pappus slightly longer than corolla; pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets. Ovary somewhat ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, almost glabrous. Fl. Jun–Jul.
Alpine grasslands and deserts; 3000–3200 m. NW Yunnan (Nujiang) [N Myanmar].
厚衣香青 hou yi xiang qing
Perennial, herbaceous, plants all densely silver-gray tangled to cottony lanate. Rhizome thickish, woody; branches short, densely with withered leaves, rosulate leaves terminal. Stems erect from curved base, 20–50 cm, somewhat thickish, herbaceous, piliferous, lower leaves dense and upper leaves lax. Rosulate leaves spatulate or obovate-oblong, 3–7 × 0.6–1.4 cm, base attenuate and becoming long stalk, apex obtuse or rounded, at first yellowish white or gray lanate, later gradually tangled to cottony-papery hairs. Lower leaves almost homomorphic with rosulate leaves, caducous and lost by anthesis, middle leaves somewhat erect, spatulate or linear-oblong, 3–7 × 0.3–0.8 cm, lower parts somewhat narrow, decurrent on stems and becoming narrow wing, margin plane, apex acute; upper leaves linear, with long cusp; all leaves 1-veined or 3-veined, midrib exserted abaxially. Heads considerably numerous, terminal on stems and branches, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence ca. 4 mm. Involucre campanulate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 series; external bracts oval, ca. 3 mm, base fulvous or deep brownish, lanate; middle ones oblong, ca. 4.5 × 1.5 mm, white (lutescent when dry), apex rounded; innermost ones linear-oblong, ca. 3 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle alveolate, with cusp. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1 or few staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 2–3 mm. Pappus ca. 3 mm, pappus somewhat incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achene ca. 0.9 mm, papillate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Alpine and subalpine grassy slopes; 3200–3800 m. SW Sichuan (Muli).
西藏香青 xi zang xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, frutescent, branching; sobols numerous, with withered leaves at upper parts, rosette leaves terminal, densely caespitose with flowering stems. Stems erect, 15–35 cm, slender, simple, woody at base, usually persistent, with arachnoid lax lanate hairs and capitate cauliferous tentacle, somewhat glabrous at lower parts, densely leafy. Lower leaves shorter and caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves somewhat patent, linear, 2–3.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm, base decurrent and becoming narrow and long wing, margin sinuous and recurved, apex slightly obtuse, top leaves small, acuminate; leaves white densely lanate abaxially, green adaxially, with capitate cauliferous tentacle, 1-veined and vein somewhat exserted abaxially. Heads 10 or numerous, terminal on stems and branches, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence nonexistent, white lanate on common peduncle of inflorescence. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, anomalous tooth-scissile, lightly or deeply brownish, lanate; middle ones elliptic, 4.2–5 × ca. 2 mm, light lutescent, apex rounded and obtuse; innermost ones spatulate-linear, somewhat short, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Involucre of pistillate florets usually small. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1–4 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla 3.5–4 mm. Pappus slightly equal to corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 0.8 mm, villosulous. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Sunny alpine and subalpine conifer forests, shrub forests or hillsides. S Xizang (Dagezhang, Lhasa, Longzi, Rikaze).
萌条香青 meng tiao xiang qing
Anaphalis pterocaulon (Franchet & Savatier) Maximowicz var. surculosa Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1103. 1936.
Rhizome thickish, woody. Lower parts of stems repent or ascending, with ascending branches, 50–100 cm, thickish, channeled and angulated, lower parts woody, persistent; herbaceous, with arachnoid hairs and capitate-stalked glandular hairs, lower parts usually glabrous, usually with tomentose axillary or short branches, densely leafy. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle leaves patent, linear, linear-lanceolate, or oblong, 3–8 × 0.5–1(–1.5) cm, base attenuate, decurrent on stems and becoming 1.5–3 mm wide or cuneate wing, margin plane or undulate, apex acute, with long cusp; upper leaves small; top leaves linear or subulate, acuminate, bractlike; all leaves thin, with capitate-stalked glandular or arachnoid hairs on both surfaces, or only abaxially or glandular abaxially, 3-veined. Heads considerably numerous, dense, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence short or ca. 3 mm. Involucre subcampanulate, 4–5 mm × 3–4 cm; involucral bracts arranged in 6 series; external bracts ovate, light brownish, ca. 2 mm; middle ones elliptic or spatulate-elliptic, ca. 4 mm, less than 1.5 mm in pistillate florets, white, apex rounded; innermost ones subspatulate, ca. 4 mm, white, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle chaffy hairy. Center of pistillate head bearing pistillate florets and 1 or 2 staminate florets; staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Pappus slightly longer than corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, dentate. Achene oblong, ca. 1 mm, hairy and glandular. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Low hill and subalpine grasslands and shrub forests; 100–2700 m. NW and W Sichuan (Kangding, Luding, Mabian, Maoli, Shimian, Songpan, Tianquan, Xiaojin), NW Yunnan (Dêqên).
德钦香青 de qin xiang qing
Rhizome slender, woody; sobols short, with membranous oval squamiform leaves, rosette leaves terminal. Stems caespitose, erect, 1–30 cm, slender, channeled, herbaceous, white arachnoid lanate, lower parts glabrous, simple, densely leafy. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis; middle and upper leaves broad and large, patent, oblanceolate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 2.5–4 × 0.7–1.2 cm, base attenuate or acute, decurrent on stems and becoming short cuneate wing, margin plane, apex acute, with small cusp; top leaves smaller; all leaves thickish, light yellow densely lanate, 3-veined and gradually vanishing toward apex, midrib slender, slightly exserted abaxially. Heads 10 or numerous, dense, compound corymbiform; peduncle of inflorescence ca. 2 mm, light lutescent lanate. Involucre broadly campanulate, 5–8 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 3 or 4 series, erect; external bracts obovate, dark brownish, ca. 2.5 mm, lanate; middle ones spatulate-oblong, ca. 4 × 2 mm, apex obtuse, weakly yellowish white; innermost ones spatulate-linear, ca. 3.5 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Staminate heads bearing staminate florets only. Corolla ca. 3 mm. Pappus dirty white, incrassate at tip of apex, serrulate. Fl. Aug–Sep.
* Alpine and subalpine dry slopes; 3000–4300 m. NW Yunnan (Dêqên).
锐叶香青 rui ye xiang qing
Rhizome arranged horizontally; runners short, with brownish lanceolate squamiform leaves and densely slender roots. Stems erect, caespitose, 16–30 cm, slender, usually slightly twisted, simple or with short sterile branches, arachnoid lanate or usually glabrate on lower parts; upper parts densely leafy. Lower leaves caducous and lost by anthesis, oblong-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, sparsely lanate abaxially; middle and upper leaves becoming large, patent, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 0.5–1 cm, base attenuate, almost not decurrent, margin plane, apex attenuate, with brownish long cusp that 1–1.5 mm, top and middle leaves somewhat equal in length, dense in peduncle and rotate; all leaves brownish lanate, usually glabrous, with gray-brownish and fulvous lanate abaxially, 3-veined, midrib slender, usually glabrous abaxially. Heads 3–9, terminal or axillary, dense, corymbiform, 1.5–2 cm in diam., or laxly compound corymbiform with long peduncle. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 5 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts oval, thick, scarious, light brownish, apex obtuse, white; middle ones ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4 × 2.5 mm, apex obtuse, white in upper parts, with longitudinal corrugation; innermost ones narrowly lanceolate, with a claw ca. 1/2 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Staminate heads bearing staminate florets only or 1–3 pistillate florets present in outer layer. Corolla ca. 3.5 mm in staminate florets and ca. 3.8 mm in pistillate florets. Pappus almost as long as corolla, pappus slightly incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, dentate. Ovary 0.8–1.2 mm, with small glandular spots. Fl. Sep–Oct.
* Rocky hillsides. NW Yunnan (Cikai, Gongshan, Heipushan).
紫苞香青 zi bao xiang qing
Rhizome, arranged repent or ascending, brown squamate withered leaves growing in upper part, with slender root. Stems few (3 or 4), caespitose, erect, 23–30 cm, slightly slender, simple, white pallid tomentose, densely leafy in upper parts. Lower leaves squamate, oblong, withered in efflorescence; leaves gradually larger from middle part to apex of stem, slightly expanding, oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–5 cm × 0.3–0.6 mm, base attenuate, almost not decurrent, margin plane, apex acute with short cusp; uppermost leaves isometric or little small with mid leaves, densely arranged in inflorescence, radiate; all leaves yellowish white, tomentose on both surfaces, 3-veined; midrib slightly convex on both surfaces. Heads 3–5, densely arranged at top of stems, compound corymbiform, without peduncle. Involucre campanulate, 5–6 × ca. 5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, mauve or margin white; external bracts ovate-elliptic, ca. 5 × 2 mm, apex obtuse or lacerate; inner ones oblong, ca. 5.5 mm keeled, claw; innermost linear-oblong, ca. 4 mm, with a 3/4 of full length claw, apex lacerate. Peduncle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 3–6 staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3.2 mm, upper parts mauve. Pappus slightly exceeding to corolla. Ovary ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous. Achenes not seen. Fl. Aug.
* Alpine meadows; ca. 4000 m. E Xizang.
云南香青 yun nan xiang qing
Gnaphalium yunnanense Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 410. 1896.
Multibranched subshrubs. Rhizome thickish, contorted; sobol or sterile branches erect or ascending, with withered marcescent leaves and axillary or acrogenous floriferous stems. Floriferous stems erect, 10–20 cm, white pallid arachnoid tomentose, rather densely leafy. Basal leaves or sobol acrogenous leaves rather short, spatulate or spatulate-oblong, 0.5–1.5 cm × 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded at apex; middle and upper leaves oblong-spatulate, 2–4 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm, base attenuate, decurrent on stem to a narrow wing, margin plane, apex obtuse or acute, with indistinct short cusp; upper leaves somewhat erect, acuminate, with short cusp; all leaves pallid yellowish white tomentose on both surfaces, 1-veined or distinctly 3-veined. Heads numerous, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle rather short. Involucre broadly campanulate, 6–7 × 4–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series; external bracts oval-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, brown or dark brown, arachnoid; inner ones elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1.5 mm, apex obtuse or little rounded, white or yellowish white; innermost linear-oblong, ca. 4 mm, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Peduncle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1 or 2 staminate florets. Corolla tube 2.5–3 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets. Achenes oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Aug–Sep.
* SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
木里香青 mu li xiang qing
Anaphalis yunnanensis Diels var. muliensis Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 203. 1924.
Multibranched subshrubs, 10–20 cm tall. Rhizome thickish; sobol or sterile branches erect or ascending, white arachnoid tomentose, later glabrous, densely foliature and tomentose acrogenous bud; leaves[which kind??] oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1–2 cm × 0.1–0.3 mm, slightly decurrent, somewhat revolute on margin, withered, marcescent. Floriferous branches growing on tip of sterile branch, 4–10 cm, slender, white tomentose, densely leafy in lower parts. Basal leaves obovate-oblong, rosulate, middle leaves obovate or linear-oblong, 1.5–3.5 cm × 0.2–0.4 mm, base attenuate, decurrent on stems to a narrow wing, margin plane or slightly revolute, apex obtuse or rounded, with indistinct cusp; upper leaves erect or expanding, with withered long cusp; all leaves white tomentose abaxially, arachnoid adaxially or sometimes glabrous, midrib slightly convex abaxially. Heads 5–25, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle rather short. Involucre broadly campanulate, 6–7 × 5–7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, external bracts ovate, rufous, apex rounded, 3–4 mm; inner ones spatulate or elliptic, ca. 7 × 2.5 mm, apex obtuse or slightly rounded; innermost spatulate, slightly short, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Receptacle with membranous appendages. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1 or 2 staminate florets. Corolla tube 3–3.5 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets. Achenes oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Alpine taiga, rocky places, grasslands; 3400–4000 m. SW Sichuan (Jiulong, Muli), NW Yunnan (Zhongdian).
亚灌木香青 ya guan mu xiang qing
Small subshrubs, multibranched, 40–60 cm tall. Rhizome thickish; sobol or sterile stem erect or ascending, cinereous arachnoid tomentose, often denuded, with fertile axillary bud or short branches and sparse leaves. Leaves expanding or adhering to stem, spatulate-obovate or spatulate, 1–2(–3) cm × 5–10 mm, thick, pallid or white tomentose on both surfaces, or pallid arachnoid tomentose adaxially, distinctly 3-veined, lateral veins slender, midrib slightly convex abaxially, base decurrent on stems to a narrow long wing, margin plane or slightly revolute, apex obtuse or rounded, with brown cusp; leaves on sterile stems long hairy. Heads numerous, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle short. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 6 series, imbricate; external bracts long ovate, white or light red, ca. 2 mm; inner ones spatulate-elliptic, 3–3.5 mm, apex rounded; innermost linear-lanceolate, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1 or 2 staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3 mm. Pappus slightly shorter than corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets. Achenes glabrous. Fl. Aug.
* Low mountain or subalpine valleys, slope grasslands; 1800–3100 m. NW Yunnan (Lijiang, Zhongdian).
Male plants not found. According to the protologue, this species has 1-veined leaves.
狭苞香青 xia bao xiang qing
Subshrubs, multibranched, ca. 60 cm tall. Rhizome thickish, with numerous sterile branches or floriferous branches, erect or ascending; sterile branches short, white cinereous tomentose, herbaceous. Floriferous branches or annual branches somewhat woody, often glabrous, with sulcus; internode 0.5–1 cm, rarely up to 1.5 cm; axillary buds growing to short densely foliate branches after efflorescence. Leaves expanding, elliptic or oblong-linear, 1.5–3 × 0.3–0.5 cm, white or ochroleucous thickly tomentose abaxially, arachnoid tomentose adaxially, indistinctly 1-veined or 3-veined, midrib slightly convex abaxially, base attenuate, decurrent on stem to a long and narrow wing, margin plane or slightly revolute, apex obtuse or slightly acute; upper leaves gradually small, apex obtuse or with brown cusp. Heads without peduncle or with a short peduncle, 9 to numerous heads densely forming corymbiform inflorescence, 1.5–4 cm in diam. Involucre cylindric, 4–5 × 2–3 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series, imbricate; external bracts usually brown, broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, arachnoid tomentose; inner ones white, oblong-spatulate, 3.5–4 mm; innermost spatulate-linear, with a 2/3 or 3/4 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1–3 staminate florets; whole heads of male flowers formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3 mm. Pappus white, slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, papillose. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
* Subalpine, under Pinus forests. E Xizang (Chawalong), NW Yunnan (Dêqên).
纤枝香青 xian zhi xiang qing
Subshrubs. Rhizome thickish; sobols or sterile stems erect or ascending, densely withered marcescent leafy and distinct axillary buds and terminal buds. Flowering stems arising from axillary buds, 5–40 cm or more, often slender, upper parts herbaceous, simple, tomentose or cauliferous piloglandulose, sparse leafy. Leaves expanding or somewhat erect, linear, linear-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 1–3.5 × 0.1–0.7 cm, uniformly wide or base attenuate, decurrent on stem to a narrow or wide green wing, apex acute or acuminate, with short cusp; upper leaves acuminate, with long cusp, margin revolute; all leaves thick arachnoid tomentose or cauliferous piloglandulose. Heads 5–50, densely corymbiform or compound corymbiform; peduncle 1–2 mm. Involucre narrowly campanulate, 4–5 mm, rarely to 6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 6 series, expanding; external bracts broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, slightly acute, brown, tomentose; inner ones ligulate-elliptic, 3–3.5 × ca. 1 mm, ca. 1.5 mm wide in male flower, apex white, obtuse or rounded; innermost ca. 4 mm, with a 3/4 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1–4 staminate florets present; whole heads of male flowers formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Alpine and subalpine shrubs, slopes, and rocky places, valleys, banks; 2000–4000 m. NW and W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
This species is extremely variable.
1a. Leaves linear, linear-oblanceolate, or lanceolate, 3–7 mm wide, base decurrent along stems to broad wing, margin undulate recurved, adaxially with arachnoid and capitate glandular hairs ....... 38c. var. ulophylla
1b. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 mm wide, base decurrent along stems to narrow wing, margin recurved, adaxially with arachnoid or lanate hairs or with capitate-stalked glandular hairs.
2a. Leaves adaxially with arachnoid or sparse lanate hairs .................................. 38a. var. gracilis
2b. Leaves adaxially with capitate-stalked glandular hairs .................................... 38b. var. aspera
纤枝香青(原变种) xian zhi xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Stems 5–30 cm, white arachnoid lanate, upper parts white lanate. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1–2.5 cm × 1–3 mm, abaxially densely gray arachnoid lanate, adaxially with arachnoid or sparse lanate hairs, margin recurved.
* Alpine dry slopes and rocky places; 3200–4000 m. NW and W Sichuan (Daofu, Kangding, Songpan, Taining, Yajiang).
纤枝香青糙叶变种 xian zhi xiang qing cao ye bian zhong
Stems ca. 40 cm, with capitate glandular hairs, upper parts also with arachnoid hairs. Leaves usually linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5–2.5(–4) cm × 1.5–3.5 mm, abaxially with white arachnoid hairs, adaxially green with capitate-stalked glandular hairs.
* Alpine and subalpine shrubs and slopes; 2600–3500 m. NW and W Sichuan (Ganzi, Lixian, Maerkang).
纤枝香青皱缘变种 xian zhi xiang qing zhou yuan bian zhong
Sobol long, runnerlike. Stems tall, with thickish branches, arachnoid and capitate glandular hairy. Leaves linear, linear-oblanceolate, or lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 cm × 3–7 mm, abaxially white lanate, adaxially with arachnoid and capitate glandular hairs, base attenuate and decurrent on stems to broad wing, margin undulate recurved, apex acute or acuminate.
* Subalpine grassy slopes, valleys, and banks; 2000–3000 m. NW to SW Sichuan (Dajin, Songpan, Taining, Xiaojin, Yajiang), NW Yunnan (Dêqên).
乳白香青 ru bai xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrubby, much branched, erect or ascending, upper densely withered foliature, terminal rosette leaves and stems. Stems erect, 10–40 cm, slightly thickish, simple, herbaceous, white or pallid tomentose, upper parts densely leafy. Rosulate leaves lanceolate or spatulate-oblong, 6–13 × 0.5–2 cm, base attenuate to a wing, heath-like petiole; lower leaves smaller than rosulate leaves, margin plane, apex acute or acuminate, with or without short cusp; middle and upper leaves somewhat erect and adhering to stem, oblong, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 2–10 × 0.8–1.3 mm, base slightly narrow, decurrent on stem to a narrow wing, apex acuminate, with withered long cusp; all leaves white or pallid tomentose on both surfaces, 1-veined or 3-veined. Heads numerous, densely compound corymbiform at top of stems or branches; peduncle 2–4 mm. Involucre campanulate, (5–)6(–7) × 5–7 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts light or dark brown, ovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; inner ones milky white, ovate-oblong, ca. 6 × 2–2.5 mm, apex rounded; innermost narrowly oblong, ca. 5 mm, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, in center of female flower with 2 or 3 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 3–4 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes terete, ca. 1 mm, almost glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
* Subalpine and low mountain grasslands or under taiga; 2000–3400 m. S Gansu (Sunan, Tianzhu, Xiahe, Yuzhong), E Qinghai (Datong, Menyuan, Qilian), NW Sichuan (Songpan).
巴塘香青 ba tang xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, repent, with slender soboles. Stems erect or ascending, 10–40 cm, densely with gray or grayish white tomentose, upper parts densely leafy. Lower and middle leaves smaller, 4–4.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm, base attenuate, decurrent on stems to a narrow wing, margin plane, apex oblong or acuminate; upper leaves somewhat erect or adnate to stem, acuminate at apex, with withered long cusp; all leaves white or ash-gray tomentose on both surfaces, 1-veined or 3-veined. Heads 4–8, densely corymbiform or headlike, arranged at top of stem or branches; peduncle 2–4 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 7 × 8 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series; external bracts light or dark brown, ovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; inner ones ovate-oblong, milky white, ca. 6 × 2–2.5 mm, rounded at apex; innermost narrow oblong, ca. 5 mm, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, in center of female flower with 2 or 3 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 3–4 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla; pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Fl. and fr. Jul–Aug.
* Picea forest margins; 4000–4200 m. Sichuan (Batang).
蜀西香青 shu xi xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrubby, erect or ascending, upper foliature dense, withered, terminal rosette leaves and stems. Stems erect, 5–30 cm, slender, herbaceous, simple, arachnoid tomentose. Rosulate leaves lanceolate or obovate-elliptic, 2–9 × 0.3–1.3 cm, sometimes up to 20 cm, base attenuate to a long or short wing, sheath-like petiole, margin plane, rounded or acute at apex, with short cusp; lower leaves homomorphic with rosulate leaves, smaller, withered or alive in efflorescence; middle and upper leaves somewhat expanding, or erect and adhering to stems, oblanceolate-oblong or linear, 2–4 × 0.3–0.5 mm, abruptly narrow at base, apex acuminate, with withered long cusp; all leaves tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes with capitate glandular hairs, lower parts convexly 3-veined. Heads numerous, densely compound corymbiform. Involucre broadly campanulate, 5–7 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts light brown, ovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; inner ones white in upper parts, oblong or obovate-oblong, 4.5–5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex acute or rounded; innermost linear, ca. 3 mm, with a 2/3 of full length claw; involucral bracts of male flower often long and narrow. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 2–4 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 2.3–3 mm. Pappus exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, papillose. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Sep.
* Alpine and subalpine ridges, grasslands, and forests; 3000–4200 m. W Sichuan (Daofu, Dege, Ganzi, Heishui, Jiulong, Jueyong Kangding, Taining, Xiaojin, Yajiang).
红指香青 hong zhi xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrubby, densely with withered leaves, numerous erect branches or sterile stems congested to pulvinate. Sterile stems with dense squamate leaves and fertile axillary bud. Leaves[which kind??] obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm, cinereous tomentose, rounded at apex, sometimes with punctate short cusp. Flowering stems grow on sterile stems, 5–30 cm, slender, cinereous yellowish white tomentose, densely leafy. Basal leaves obovate or spatulate-oblong, 1.5–4 × 0.3–0.5 mm, base attenuate to a long petiole; middle leaves erect or slightly expending, spatulate or lanceolate-oblong, uniformly wide or slightly narrow at base, decurrent on stems to a short wing; upper leaves lanceolate or linear, acute at apex, with long chaffy cusp; all leaves pallid arachnoid tomentose, 3-veined, midrib convex abaxially, tomentose. Heads 5–10, densely corymbiform; peduncle 1–2 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 7–8 × 5–6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series, expanding; external bracts ovate or elliptic, 3–5 mm, upper parts mauve, lower parts brown, tomentose; inner ones oblong-lanceolate, ca. 7 × 1.5–2 mm, mauve or white, yellowish white when dry, acute at apex; innermost linear-oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm, with a 3/5 of full length claw. Receptacle with fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1 or 2 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 4 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, densely glanduliferous. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
* Alpine grasslands, open slopes, rock fissures; 3800–4200 m. SW Sichuan (Chawalong, Muli), E Xizang (Zayü), N Yunnan (Gongshan, Weixi, Zhongdian).
四川香青 si chuan xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, contorted, shrubby, upper foliature dense, withered, terminal rosette leaves and flowering stems. Stems erect or ascending, ca. 20 cm, herbaceous, slender, white-canescent arachnoid tomentose, densely leafy. Lower leaves homomorphic with rosulate leaves, spatulate, 0.5–3.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, lower parts abruptly narrowed to a basal-purple slender short or rather long petiole, margin plane, rounded or obtuse at apex; middle leaves spatulate or spatulate-oblanceolate, 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.6 mm, erect or somewhat expanding, base decurrent on stem to a indistinct short wing, apex obtuse or slightly acute; upper leaves gradually smaller, linear-lanceolate, with short cusp or withered long cusp; all leaves white-canescent tomentose on both surfaces, sometimes lower leaves glabrous to reveal capitate glandular hairs, indistinctly 1-veined or 3-veined. Heads 8–15, densely corymbiform or compound corymbiform. Involucre narrowly campanulate, ca. 5 × 4–5 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 or 6 series; external bracts light brown, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, tomentose abaxially; inner ones white, oblong-elliptic, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm, obtuse at apex, but subrounded in male florets; innermost spatulate-oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, with a 2/3 of full length claw. Peduncle with fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 5 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 2.5–3.5 mm. Pappus exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
* Alpine rocky grassy slopes and calcareous ground; 3500–4500 m. W Sichuan (Kangding, Lixian, Taining).
木根香青 mu gen xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrubby, with numerous branches, upper foliature squamate, withered, terminal rosette leaves and flowering stems congested to pulvinate. Stems erect or ascending, 3–7 cm, sometimes up to 17 cm, herbaceous, slender, simple, white-canescent arachnoid tomentose, densely leafy. Rosulate leaves and lower leaves spatulate, oblong, or linear-spatulate, 0.5–3 × 0.3–0.7 cm, base attenuate to a broad wing long petiole, margin plane, rounded at apex; upper leaves gradually smaller, erect or adhering to stem, oblanceolate or linear-oblong, base decurrent on stem to short narrow wing, apex obtuse with short cusp or acuminate with withered long cusp; all leaves with sparsely canescent taupe tomentose on both surfaces, basal and upper parts except margin usually denuded or with capitate glandular hairs, distinctly 3-veined, midrib raised on both surfaces, lateral raised on abaxially, or upper leaves 1-veined. Heads 5–10, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle short. Involucre broadly campanulate or obconical, 5–6 × ca. 6 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 5 series, expanding; external bracts ovate, ca. 3 mm, tomentose; inner ones oblong-lanceolate, ca. 6 × 2 mm, lower parts puce or purple brown, acute at apex, female florets slightly obtuse; innermost linear-oblong, ca. 4 mm, with a claw ca. 3/4 of full length. Peduncle with chaffy hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 3 or 4 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm. Pappus exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes obovate-oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, tomentose. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct.
Under alpine grasslands and lichens; 3800–4000 m. S Xizang (Dingjie, Jiangzi, Kaerda Valley, Lhasa, Nanmulin, Pali, Qiesha) [Bhutan, Nepal, other regions of Himalayas].
茧衣香青 jian yi xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, shrubby, multibranched, upper foliature dense, withered, rosette leaves and flowering stems congested to pulvinate. Stems erect or ascending, 3–25 cm (from protologue up to 40 cm), white-canescent glutinous cottony papery tomentose, all stems densely leafy. Basal leaves alive in efflorescence, homomorphic with rosulate leaves, obovate, oblong, or oblong-spatulate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, canescent tomentose; middle leaves erect or adhering to stem, linear-lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, base attenuate on stem to form a narrow wing, margin plane, acute at apex, often with membranous long cusp; upper leaves small, linear, same as middle leaves with grayish twined papery tomentose hairs. Heads 7–20, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle ca. 2 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 10 × 8–10 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, somewhat expanding; external bracts fulvous except apex, ovate, tomentose; inner ones ochroleucous, oblanceolate, ca. 9 × 2 mm, acute at apex; innermost short, narrow, ca. 5 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Receptacle with fimbrillate hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 2–4 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm. Pappus white, ca. 4 mm, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1.2 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
* Subalpine meadows, taiga, copse or calcareous ground; 2700–3700 m. NW Yunnan (Lijiang).
污毛香青 wu mao xiang qing
Rhizome slightly thickish, shrubby, much branched, upper foliature dense, withered, terminal rosette leaves and flowering stems. Stems erect or ascending, several cm to 20 cm, slightly thickish, herbaceous, fulvous tomentose, with slightly dense or sparse foliature. Lower leaves alive in efflorescence, homomorphic with rosulate leaves, obovate or oblong-spatulate, 1.5–4 × 0.5–1 mm, base attenuate to a basal brown glabrous broad sheath, rounded or obtuse at apex; middle and upper leaves erect, adhering to stems, spatulate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 2–4 × 0.3–0.7(–1) mm, decurrent on stem to form indistinct short wing, margin plane, obtuse or rounded at apex, with black short cusp, upper leaves acuminate, with withered long cusp; all leaves fulvous brown tomentose on both surfaces, indistinctly 3-veined. Heads 7–10, densely glomerulate. Involucre broadly campanulate, ca. 10 × 10 mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series, expanding; external bracts brown, oval-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, brown tomentose; inner ones obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 9–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm, acute at apex, but obtuse in male flower, upper parts yellowish white; innermost linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, with a claw ca. 3/5 of full length. Receptacle with chaffy process. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 3–6 staminate florets; capitula with few to several staminate florets around, heads of male flower formed with numerous staminate florets. Corolla tube ca. 5 mm. Pappus 6–7 mm, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 2 mm, densely papillose. F. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep.
* Alpine dry rocky slopes; 3800–4300 m. NE, NW, and W Yunnan (Bijiang, Dêqên, Gongshan, Luquan, Wumeng Shan, Weixi, Zhongdian).
灰毛香青 hui mao xiang qing
Rhizome usually thickish, woody, much branched, upper densely squamate withered leaves, rosulate and flower stems congested to pulvinate. Stems erect or ascending, 4–8 cm, or acaulescent, herbaceous, slender. Basal leaves homomorphic with rosulate leaves, obovate or spatulate, obtuse, rounded or acute at apex, usually with punctate short cusp, lower leaves oblanceolate-oblong, attenuate at base, decurrent on stem to form short wing, smooth edged, acute or obtuse at apex, upper leaves rather narrow, erect or adhere to stem, or foliate on stem; all leaves thin, argenteous tomentose on both surfaces, denuded at base, indistinct 3-veined. Heads 5–10, densely form corymbiform, or solitary. Involucre broadly campanulate, 9–10 × ca. 10(–15) mm; involucral bracts arranged in ca. 5 series, expanding, white rarely yellowish white, puce at base; external bracts elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, sparse tomentose at base; inner ones oblong-lanceolate, ca. 9 × 2.5 mm, acute at apex; innermost little short oblong, spatulate-linear, ca. 5 mm, with a claw ca. 1/2 of full length; involucral bracts of male flower slightly obtuse. Peduncle with fimbrillate hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 2–5 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 3.5–4 mm. Pappus slightly exceeding corolla. Pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Fl. Jul–Sep.
* Alpine slopes and rocks; 4300–4400 m. S Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
1a. Caulescent; heads 5–10, densely corymbiform, with short peduncle ............. 47a. var. cinerascens
1b. Acaulescent; head single, without peduncle ...................................................... 47b. var. congesta
灰毛香青(原变种) hui mao xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Stems erect or ascending, 3–6 cm, with dense leaves; internodes 0.5–1 cm; rosulate leaves cluster 1.5–3 cm in diam. Rosulate leaves obovate-oblong or spatulate, 5–15 × 3–5 mm; lower leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 2–3 mm, base attenuate, decurrent to short wing along stems, margin plane, apex obtuse or acute, base sometimes glabrous; upper leaves narrow, erect or adnate to stems, acuminate. Heads 5–10, congested to corymb; peduncle sharply short, lanate. Involucre ca. 10 mm in diam.
* Alpine slopes and rocks; ca. 4000 m. SW Sichuan (Mianning), NW Yunnan (Zhongdian).
灰毛香青密聚变种 hui mao xiang qing mi ju bian zhong
Acaulescent or stems only ca. 2 mm; rosulate and basal leaves congested to globose, 8–12 mm in diam. Leaves more layers, densely imbricate, lower layers (subterranean leaves) flat rounded, gradually withered, upper layers (rosulate and basal leaves) obovate or broadly spatulate, ca. 5 mm, rarely ca. 7 mm, membranous, brown, upper parts gray lanate, base glabrous, apex obtuse or rounded. Head usually solitary, without peduncle. Involucre 12–15 mm in diam. Achene obovate-oblong, ca. 1 mm.
* Alpine sunny slopes, rocky peaks; 4300–4400 m. S Sichuan (Mianning).
绿香青 lü xiang qing
Foliature and stems densely caespitose, pulvinate. Stems erect or ascending, 4–8 cm, or acaulescent, herbaceous, slender, canescent tomentose, densely leafy, or upper sparse. Basal leaves alive during efflorescence, homomorphic with rosulate leaves, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate-elliptic, 0.3–2 × 0.3–0.7 cm, acute; middle and upper leaves (if present) erect or adherent to stem, lanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, rather acerose, base decurrent on stem to shortly cuneately winged, smooth edged, apex acute or acuminate, often with withered cusp; all leaves keeled on both surfaces, canescent yellow tomentose, base sometimes glabrous, 1-veined or indistinctly 3-veined. Heads 2–15, glomerule or simple, without distinct peduncle. Involucre broadly campanulate, 9–11 × 10–12 mm, slightly exceeding disc; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, somewhat expanding; external bracts brown, elliptic, ca. 4 mm, tomentose; inner ones white, upper parts white or ochroleucous, oblong-lanceolate, 9–10 × 2–3 mm, acute at apex; innermost linear-oblanceolate, ca. 8 mm, with a claw ca. 2/3 of full length. Peduncle with chaffy process. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 1–5 staminate florets. Corolla tube 4–5 mm. Corolla equaling pappus. Achenes obovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Mountain tops, on granite of alpine glacial valleys, rocky or grassy slopes; 3000–4800 m. SW and W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
1a. Stems 4–8 cm; heads 5–15, congested to globose corymb at stem apex, 2–3 cm in diam. 48a. var. viridis
1b. Acaulescent or stems up to 4 mm; heads solitary or 2 or 3 fasciated on rosulate leaves .... 48b. var. acaulis
绿香青(原变种) lü xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Stems 4–8 cm tall; lower leaves dense; internodes 0.2–0.5 cm, while upper internodes to 1 cm. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5–3.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm. Heads 5–15, densely congested to globose at stem apex, 2–3 cm in diam.
* Mountain tops, rocky or grassy slopes; 3000–4800 m. Xizang (Cawalong, Changdou), NW Yunnan (Lijiang).
绿香青无茎变种 lü xiang qing wu jing bian zhong
Acaulescent or stems up to 4 mm. Leaves spatulate-elliptic, 0.7–1.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm. Heads solitary or 2 or 3 fasciated on rosette leaves.
* On granite of alpine glacial valleys; 3600–4800 m. W Sichuan (Daofu, Kangding, Maoli).
淡黄香青 dan huang xiang qing
Rhizome slightly slender; runner acerose, membranous squamate leafy, terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect or ascending from geniculate base, 10–22 cm, slender, canescent arachnoid tomentose, rarely white thickly tomentose, lower leaves dense. Rosulate leaves oblanceolate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–1 cm, lower parts attenuate to a long petiole, acute or obtuse; basal leaves withered in efflorescence; lower and middle leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 0.5–0.8 cm, erect or adhering to stem, margin plane, base decurrent on stem to form narrow wing, acute at apex, with brown withered long cusp; upper leaves small, narrowly lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm; all leaves canescent or yellowish white arachnoid tomentose or white tomentose, somewhat distinctly 3-veined. Heads 6–16, densely corymbiform or compound corymbiform; peduncle 3–5 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 8–10 × ca. 10 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, somewhat expanding; external bracts fulvous, elliptic, ca. 6 mm, tomentose at base; inner ones white, lanceolate, ca. 10 × 3–4 mm, acute at apex; innermost linear, 6–8 mm, with a claw ca. 1/3–1/2 of full length. Peduncle with fimbrillate hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets around, center of female flower with 3–12 staminate florets; capitula with numerous staminate florets, male flower heads with 10–25 staminate florets. Corolla tube 4.5–5.5 mm. Corolla exceeding pappus. Pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, 1.5–1.8 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, W Sichuan, E and S Xizang.
1a. Stems and leaves gray or yellowish white arachnoid tomentose; rosulate and lower leaves oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 2–5 × 0.5–1 cm ................................................................ 49a. var. flavescens
1b. Stems and leaves densely white or gray lanate; rosulate and lower leaves spatulate-oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–0.7 cm. Involucre 8–10 mm, bracts buff ....................................................... 49b. var. lanata
淡黄香青(原变种) dan huang xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Anaphalis flavescens f. rosea Ling; A. flavescens f. sulphurea Ling.
Stems and leaves gray or yellowish white arachnoid tomentose. Rosulate and lower leaves oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 2–5 × 0.5–1 cm.
* Alpine and subalpine slopes, grasslands, forests; 2800–4700 m. S and W Gansu, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, E Xizang.
This taxon is extremely variable. The color of involucral bracts can be buff with a fulvous base, yellow with a black-brown base, or pale red with a puce base.
淡黄香青棉毛变种 dan huang xiang qing mian mao bian zhong
Stems and leaves densely white or gray lanate. Rosulate and lower leaves spatulate-oblong, 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–0.7 cm. Involucre 8–10 mm; bracts buff.
* W Sichuan.
铃铃香青 ling ling xiang qing
Anaphalis bodinieri Franchet; Gnaphalium bodinieri (Franchet) Franchet.
Rhizome slender, somewhat woody, runner membranous squamate leafy, terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect from geniculate base, 5–35 cm, slender, arachnoid tomentose and capitate cauliferous piloglandulose, upper arachnoid tomentose, often sparse leafy. Rosulate and lower leaves spatulate or linear-oblong, 2–10 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base attenuate to a petiole, or sessile, rounded or acute, middle and upper leaves erect or adhering to stem, linear or linear-lanceolate, rarely linear-oblong, somewhat expanding, margin plane, membranous withered long cusp at apex; all leaves thin, both surfaces with capitate glandular hairs, canescent arachnoid tomentose on margin, distinctly 3-veined or additionally with 2 indistinct lateral veins. Heads 9–15, densely compound corymbiform; peduncle 1–3 mm. Involucre broadly campanulate, 8–9(–11) × 8–10 mm; involucral bracts arranged in 4 or 5 series, somewhat expanding; external bracts rufous or puce, oval, 5–6 mm; inner ones white, oblong-lanceolate, 8–10 × 3–4 mm, acute at apex; innermost linear, with a claw ca. 1/3 of full length. Peduncle with fimbrillate short hairs. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets, center of female flower with 1–6 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets. Corolla tube 4–4.5 mm. Pappus exceeding corolla, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, densely papillose. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Subalpine peaks and grassy slopes; 2000–3700 m. SW and W Gansu (Lintan, Minxian, Qingyuan, Xiahe), N and W Hebei (Baihua Shan, Dongling Shan, Xiaowutai Shan, Xiling Shan), E Qinghai (Datong, Haiyuan), S Shaanxi (Taibai Shan), N and W Shanxi (Lishan, Wutai, Wuzhai, Xingxian), NW and W Sichuan (Gede, Xiaojin), E Xizang (Lulang).
This taxon is extremely variable.
尼泊尔香青 ni bo er xiang qing
Perennial herbs. Rhizome slender or slightly robust, runner ca. 20 cm, rarely 40 cm, leaves of runner obovate or spatulate, 1–2 cm, terminal rosette leaves. Stems erect or ascending, 4–45 cm, or acaulescent, white tomentose, densely or sparsely leafy. Lower leaves alive during efflorescence, rarely withered, homomorphic with rosulate leaves, spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 1–7 × 0.5–2 cm or larger, base attenuate, margin plane, apex rounded or acute; middle leaves oblong or oblanceolate, often rather narrow, base amplexicaul, sessile, apex obtuse or acute, with acerose cusp; upper leaves attenuate; or short stems without middle and upper leaves; all leaves white tomentose or cauliferous piloglandulose on both surfaces or abaxially, 3-veined, occasionally 1-veined. Heads solitary or few, rarely numerous, sparsely corymbiform; peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm. Involucral somewhat spherical, 8–12 mm × 1.5–2 cm, exceeding disc; involucral bracts arranged in 8 or 9 series, radiate in efflorescence; external bracts puce except apex, oval or lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm; inner ones white, lanceolate, 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, acute at apex; innermost bracts linear-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, with a claw ca. 1/3 of full length. Receptacle lacunose. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets outside, center of female florets with 3–6 staminate florets; whole heads of male flower formed with staminate florets, or 1–3 pistillate florets outside. Corolla of staminate florets ca. 3 mm, ca. 4 mm in pistillate florets. Pappus ca. 4 mm, pappus incrassate at tip of apex in staminate florets, serrulate. Achenes terete, ca. 1 mm, hirsutulous. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct.
Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
1b. Stem tall, 5–45 cm; heads few or numerous, arranged in sparse corymb, rarely solitary.
2a. Stem thickish, 30–45 cm tall; heads usually 8–15; lower leaves usually withered by anthesis 51b. var. corymbosa
2b. Stem slender, 5–30 cm tall; heads 1–6; lower leaves usually surviving during efflorescence 51a. var. nepalensis
尼泊尔香青(原变种) ni bo er xiang qing (yuan bian zhong)
Elichrysum nepalense Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3: 485. 1826; Anaphalis cuneifolia (Wallich) J. D. Hooker; A. intermedia (Wallich) Duthie; A. mairei H. Léveillé; A. mucronata C. B. Clarke var. polycephala Candolle; A. nubigena Candolle var. intermedia J. D. Hooker; A. nubigena var. polycephala C. B. Clarke; A. triplinervis (Sims) C. B. Clarke var. intermedia Airy Shaw; Antennaria triplinervis var. cuneifolia Candolle; A. triplinervis Sims var. intermedia Candolle; Helichrysum stoloniferum D. Don (1825), not (Linnaeus f.) Willdenow (1803).
Stems erect or ascending, slender, 5–30 cm tall, sparsely caespitose. Lower leaves usually surviving during efflorescence, spatulate or oblanceolate, 2–7 × 0.8–2.5 cm, gradually attenuate at base to long petiole. Heads 1–6, or more; peduncle 0.5–1.5 cm.
Alpine or subalpine grasslands, forest margins, valleys, rocks; 2400–4500 m. S and SW Gansu, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
This taxon is extremely variable.
尼泊尔香青伞房变种 ni bo er xiang qing san fang bian zhong
Gnaphalium corymbosum Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 71. 1891; Anaphalis corymbosa (Bureau & Franchet) Diels.
Stems thickish, 30–45 cm tall. Lower leaves usually withered by anthesis, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 10 cm, gradually attenuate at base to long petiole. Heads 8–15, forming patent corymb; peduncle 1–3 cm, or more.
* Alpine and subalpine grasslands, scrub, conifer forests, river sands; 2500–4100 m. W Sichuan (Baoxing, Dajin, Ebian, Kangding, Leibo, Songpan), NW and W Yunnan (Dali, Dêqên, Gongshan, Heqing, Lijiang, Zhongdian).
尼泊尔香青单头变种 ni bo er xiang qing dan tou bian zhong
Anaphalis monocephala Candolle, Prodr. 6: 272. 1838; A. mucronata C. B. Clarke; A. mucronata var. moncephala Candolle; A. nubigena Candolle; A. nubigena var. monocephala C. B. Clarke; A. nubigena f. reductanana Diels ex Limpricht; A. triplinervis var. monocephala Airy Shaw.
Acaulescent, or stems low, up to 6 cm tall, rarely taller, congested with rosette leaves. Leaves densely clustered, spatulate to oblanceolate-oblong, 0.8–2(–3) × 0.2–2 cm, densely white lanate abaxially, arachnoid tomentose adaxially, 1-veined or inconspicuously 3-veined. Head solitary, terminal, rarely 2 or 3 heads among rosulate leaves.
Among lichens on alpine dank slopes, rock gaps, riverbanks; 4100–4500 m. W Sichuan (Kangding), S Xizang (Basu, Cuolamenba, Kadaer bank, Nyalam, Nyingchi, Zayü), NW Yunnan [India +where else??].
三脉香青 san mai xiang qing
Antennaria triplinervis Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2468. 1823; Gnaphalium cynoglossoides Treviranus.
Rhizome perennial, caespitose, woody, stolon repent, with slender roots, leaves[which kind??] small, rarely cauliferous, elliptic, 3-veined. Stems annotinal, erect, corymbiform branches on upper parts, white tomentose, 40–60 cm. Cauline leaves oblong or elliptic, acute, 3-veined or more, white tomentose abaxially, arachnoid tomentose adaxially, sessile, sometimes amplexicaul; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, cauliferous (sometimes long) or attenuate to a petiole; middle leaves broadly lanceolate, 7–10 × 1.5–2.5 cm. Heads large. Involucre 5–7 × 7–10 mm; involucral bracts white, apex acute; inner bracts elliptic or oblong-lanceolate. [Flowers and fruit unknown??]
Grassy slopes; ca. 2300 m. S Xizang (Nyalam, Zhangmu) [Kashmir to Bhutan–so which countries?? Add India and/or Nepal??].
永健香青 yong jian xiang qing
Gnaphalium nutakayamense Hayata.
Rhizome slender, slightly woody. Stolon densely leafy, terminal rosette leaves. Stems and sterile branches or stolon densely caespitose; stem 8–12 cm, slender, mainly arranged ascending, simple, white tomentose, densely leafy. Lower leaves alive during efflorescence, spatulate or obovate, 0.5–1 × 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded or obtuse; middle leaves oblong or lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, slightly attenuate at base, decurrent on stem to narrow wings, margin plane, apex obtuse, without distinct short cusp; upper leaves slightly short; all leaves pallid tomentose on both surfaces. Involucre subspherical, ca. 1 × 1–1.5 cm, henna, thinly tomentose at base; inner bracts white or ochroleucous, elliptic-lanceolate, 7–8 mm × ca. 3 mm, apex acute; innermost bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 7 mm, with a claw ca. 1/2 of full length. Receptacle lacunose glabrous. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets outside, center of female flower with few to 15 pistillate florets present, corolla of pistillate florets ca. 4 mm, rather short; male florets unknown. Achenes terete, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug.
* Alpine dry grasslands. Taiwan.
尖叶香青 jian ye xiang qing
Rhizome thickish, creeping, caespitose, usually with marcescent leaves. Stems 12–23 mm high, erect, slender, 1–1.5 mm in diam., becoming slightly woody at base, white arachnoid tomentose, sometimes glabrate in lower parts. “Leaves at base persistent, short, membranous, broadly ovate or rounded, with brown squamiform leaves arising from the base ” [according to protologue], internode 3–10 mm. Lower leaves persistent and withered; middle leaves somewhat patent linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 cm × ca. 0.6 mm, herbaceous, pallid or ochroleucous (when young), tomentose or piloglandulose on both surfaces, 1-veined, base attenuate, not decurrent, margin plane, apex acute or actuate, with very short cusp; upper leaves small, equaling or exceeding inflorescence, somewhat erect or clinging to inflorescence, actuate, with short or withered long cusp. Heads 5–10, densely glomerulate, 5–10 mm in diam.; peduncle short to 3 mm, white tomentose. Involucre globose, ca. 10 × 15 cm, slightly exceeding disc; involucral bracts arranged in 7 or 8 series, radiate, equal in length; external bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3.5 cm, base brownish, apex acute; inner bracts white, elliptic-lanceolate, 5–7 × ca. 2 mm, claw deep brown, apex acute or acuminate; innermost bracts linear-lanceolate, with a claw ca. 1/2 of full length. Peduncle without fimbrillate appendage. Capitula with numerous pistillate florets outside, center of female flower with 5–14 staminate florets. Corolla 3–3.5 mm; pappus white, filiform-dentate. Ovary ca. 0.5 mm, pubescent. Fl. Jul–Sep.
* Gravel slopes, gritty regions; ca. 3900 m. S Xizang (Yadong to Pali).
Species incertae sedis
大山香青 da shan xiang qing
Stems unbranched, erect, ca. 10 cm, densely tomentose, base ca. 1 mm in diam., foliose, apex ascending corymbiform branched. Basal leaves rosulate, small, obovate, withered survival by anthesis, both surfaces gray tomentose; middle leaves spatulate, 12–14 × 3–3.5 mm, both surfaces densely tomentose, base attenuate, almost sheathlike, apex obtuse; upper leaves 5–6 mm, linear. Heads 6, corymbiform, pedicellate. Involucre campanulate-globose, base rounded, densely lanate, ca. 6 × 6 mm; involucral bracts imbricate, arranged in 6 series; external bracts red-brown, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate or obtuse; inner bracts white, apex obtuse. Heads with multipistillate florets in outer layer, corolla filiform, ca. 3.5 mm; bisexual florets few, corolla tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, apex 5-denticulate. Pappus in pistillate florets ca. 3.5 mm, in staminate florets ca. 3.7 mm apex, scabrous, not clubbed. Ovary small, puberulent.
Specimens of this species were not observed. The above description is based on original literature.