千里光族 qian li guang zu
Chen Yi-lin[1]; Bertil R. Nordenstam[2], Charles Jeffrey[3], Hiroshige H. Koyama[4], Michele Funston[5], Leszek Vincent[6]
Herbs, annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, sometimes rosulate or opposite, sessile or petiolate, entire to lobed or deeply divided. Capitula arranged in corymbs or racemes, or solitary, heterogamous and radiate or disciform, or homogamous and discoid; plants sometimes dioecious. Phyllaries (involucral bracts) 1- or 2-(or rarely pluri-)seriate, free or connate, outer row of bracts (calyculus) smaller, or absent. Receptacle flat or raised, rarely conical, naked or alveolate. Ray florets pistillate, radiate or shortly tubular; styles 2-lobed. Disc florets bisexual; perfect or functionally staminate; corolla tubular, or with limb infundibuliform or campanulate, 4- or 5-lobed; stamens 4 or 5, anthers basally rounded, acute, or sagittate, sometimes caudate; style bifid, style arms flat with entire or divided stigmatic area inside, sometimes sterile or entire, apically truncate, obtuse or rounded to conical, sometimes appendaged or with tufts of hair penicillate, glabrous or papillate to hirsute, with or without apical sweeping hairs; endothecial cell wall thickenings radial or polarized or transitional, filament collar straight and uniform or dilated toward base. Achene cylindrical or terete-angular to ellipsoid-oblong or sometimes flattened, ribbed or smooth, glabrous, glandular, or pubescent. Pappus 1- to many seriate, bristles few or numerous or 0, rarely absent from all florets, white or colored, persistent or caducous. Pollen senecioid or sometimes helianthoid.
About 150160 genera: worldwide; ca. 20 genera (18 native) and 258 species in China (# endemic??).
This is a major tribe in the Compositae. According to a recent record (Nordenstam, 2006), there are 151 genera in the tribe. They are sometimes referred to only two or three subtribes, Senecioninae, Tussilagininae, and Blennospermatinae. A satisfactory subtribal classification would probably recognize about eight subtribes, but has not yet been produced. The Chinese Senecioneae are here provisionally divided into three subtribes: Tussilagininae (Cassini) Dumortier, Tephroseridinae C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, and Senecioninae (Cassini) Dumortier (Farfugium, Ligularia, and Cremanthodium were treated in Senecioninae in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 77(2), but are here referred to the Tussilagininae). Twenty genera, with 258 species are recorded in this volume. Plants in some genera have economic value such as Tussilago, Petasites, Parasenecio, Ligularia, and Gynura which are used medicinally. Several genera are well known in horticulture (Doronicum, Euryops, Farfugium, Kleinia, Ligularia, Parasenecio, Pericallis, Senecio, Sinacalia, Steirodiscus, etc.)
Chen, Yilin, ed. 1999. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 77(1): 1326.
vernacular name??
[insert basionym and citation]; Luininae Rydberg.
Filament collars cylindrical or obconic, without enlarged marginal basal cells; endothecial tissue cell wall thickenings polarized, cells short; stigmatic areas usually confluent or contiguous; chromosome number usually 30, sometimes 29, 28, 27, 26, or 25, rarely 20 or 19.
1a. Phyllaries in 2 series, all alike, herbaceous ........................................................ 1. Doronicum
1b. Phyllaries in 1 series, herbaceous, cartilaginous or leathery, if an outer series (calyculus) is also present, then distinct in size and form from inner series.
2a. Inner florets pistillate; flowers precocious.
3a. Plants monoecious; peduncles 1-headed ................................................... 10. Tussilago
3b. Plants subdioecious; capitula with polygamous florets; peduncles several headed 11. Petasites
2b. Inner florets perfect, flowers not precocious.
4a. Leaves basally vaginate-sheathed; achenes not beaked.
5a. Leaf margins involute; achenes hairy ................................................... 2. Farfugium
5b. Leaf margins revolute; achenes glabrous.
6a. Involucres cylindrical or obconic ....................................................... 3. Ligularia
6b. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispherical ..................... 4. Cremanthodium
4b. Leaves basally not vaginate-sheathed; achenes beaked or not.
7a. Capitula radiate; rhizomes dilated, tuberiform ......................................... 5. Sinacalia
7b. Capitula discoid, homogamous, flowers hermaphoditic; rhizomes not tuberform.
8a. Style arms with papillae divided at apex into two brushlike lobes . 6. Dicercoclados
8b. Style arms with papillae undivided at apex.
9a. Cotyledons l, radical leaves umbraculiform, pendulous when young 9. Syneilesis
9b. Cotyledons 2; basal leaves not umbraculiform, not pendulous when young.
10a. Anthers caudate or sagittate; radical leaves withered by anthesis 7. Parasenecio
10b. Anthers obtuse, not caudate; radical leaves persistent at anthesis 8. Ligulariopsis
??vernacular name
Filament collars cylindrical, narrow, without enlarged marginal basal cells, endothecial tissue with cell wall thickenings polarized, scattered or radial, cells short; stigmatic areas confluent, contiguous or discrete; gametic chromosome number usually 24, rarely 25 or 13.
1a. Leaves pinnately lobed ............................................................................... 14. Nemosenecio
1b. Leaves palmately lobed or unlobed.
2a. Leaves palmately veined; endothecial cell wall thickenings polarized or scattered, rarely radial; involucres sometimes calyculate ............................................................................... 12. Sinosenecio
2b. Leaves pinnately veined; endothecial cell wall thickenings radial; involucres not calyculate 13. Tephroseris
vernacular name??
[insert basionym and citation]
Filament collars balusterform, with enlarged marginal basal cells; endothecial tissue with usually radial cell wall thickenings, rarely scattered; stigmatic areas usually discrete, rarely contiguous or confluent; gametic chromosome number usually 20 or 10, less often 52, 50, 30, 23, 22, 19, or 5.
1a. Anther bases with sterile caudate auricles.
2a. Plants erect or subscandent, without prehensile petioles ..................................... 15. Synotis
2b. Plants scandent, with basally thickened, prehensile petioles ................... 16. Cissampelopsis
1b. Anther bases without sterile caudate auricles, obtuse to sagittate.
3a. Involucre not calyculate.
4a. Capitula homogamous, discoid ...................................................................... 20. Emilia
4b. Capitula radiate ...................................................................................... 21. Pericallis
3b. Involucre calyculate.
5a. Style arms erect, with long, subulate, papillose appendages ........................... 22. Gynura
5b. Style arms recurved, without papillose appendages.
6a. Marginal pistillate florets filiform ......................................................... 19. Erechtites
6b. Marginal pistillate florets radiate or absent.
7a. Apex of style arms without a central appendage of fused papillae ........ 17. Senecio
7b. Apex of style arms with a central appendage of fused papillae 18. Crassocephalum
款冬亚族 kuan dong ya zu
多榔菊属 duo lang ju shu
Herbs, perennial. Leaves alternate, basal leaves long petiolate, stem leaves sessile and semi-amplexicaul. Capitula large, usually solitary or 26(8) laxly corymbose, radiate, involucre hemispherical or broadly campanulate; phyllaries 2(or 3)-seriate, herbaceous, subequal, outer ones lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate-linear, inner ones linear or linear-lanceolate, laxly pubescent or glandulous, apex long acuminate. Receptacle slightly raised, glabrous or hairy, heterogamous, all florets fertile. Ray florets uniseriate, pistillate. Disc florets many seriate, perfect, tubular, yellow, limb cylindrical or campanulate, 5-lobed. Anther bases entire or ± auriculate, filamentous cells equal in size, appendages ovate, style 2-lobed, lobes arms shortly linear, apex rounded or truncate, puberulous. Achenes oblong or oblong-obconic, glabrous or adpressed hairy, ribbed, pappus of many fine bristles, white or reddish, usually absent in ray florets.
About 40 species: temperate Eurasia and North Africa; seven species in China in NW and SW areas (four endemic). [here and throughout, please indicate number of endemic species per genus!!]
The capitula of the genus are large and colorful. Some species are often cultivated as ornamental plants, and some used medicinally.
[note from C. Jeffrey: Doronicum is morphologically and chemically anomalous in Senecioneae and molecular data place it outside the tribe. Either treat it as the only genus of tribe Doroniceae Panero, Phytologia 87, 1: 1. 2005, or add the name Doroniceae Panero to the synonymy of Senecioneae]
??Doronicum bargusinense Sergievsk var. pilosum C. H. An, Fl. Xinjiang. 5: 477. 1999.
??Doronicum cavillieri I. Αlvarez Fernαndez & G. Nieto Feliner, Ann. Bot. Fennici 37: 250. 2000.
??Doronicum tianshanicum C. H.. An, Fl. Xinjiang. 5: 477. 1999.
??where is key lead to 7. D. stenoglossum
1a. Ray florets ca. as long as involucre or shorter; capitula 1.52(2.5) cm in diam., few arranged in racemes at apex of stem.
2a. Peduncle thick, 38 cm, apex dilated and obconic, glandular villous; rays oblong or oblong-elliptic, 78 Χ ca. 2 mm; achenes heteromorphic; glabrous and without pappus in ray florets, densely puberulous in disc florets ................................................................................................................ 6. D. conaense
2b. Peduncle slender, 11.5 cm, apex not dilated, densely villous, glandular hairy; rays linear, 710 Χ 0.20.5 mm; achenes similar; achenes in all florets puberulous, pappus present .. 7. D. stenoglossum
1b. Ray florets distinctly overtopping involucre; capitula 57 cm in diam., solitary, rarely 2.
3a. Ovary and achenes heteromorphic, achenes in ray florets glabrous and without pappus, in disc florets pappus present and adpressed hairy.
4a. Basal leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, 26(10) cm, base attenuate into 1620 cm petiole; outer bracts lanceolate, 1.53.5 mm wide, inner bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1.23 mm wide; tube of ray florets glabrous, rays basally puberulous ................................................... 4. D. oblongifolium
4b. Basal leaves obovate-spatulate or suborbicular, 411 cm, base attenuate into 415 cm winged petiole; outer bracts linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.82 mm wide, inner bracts linear, 11.5 mm wide; tube of ray florets densely glandular hairy, rays basally glabrous ................. 5. D. turkestanicum
3b. Ovary and achenes similar, glabrous or laxly hairy, all achenes with pappus.
5a. Rhizomes slender, often stoloniferous; capitula 35 cm in diam.; involucres 1.52 cm in diam., phyllaries laxly or densely pubescent; achenes glabrous ....................................... 3. D. gansuense
5b. Rhizomes robust, not stoloniferous; capitula 47 cm in diam., phyllaries glandular hairy or villous.
6a. Basal leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely orbicular, petioles 619 cm, lower stem leaves ovate-oblong, basally attenuate into ca. 2 cm broadly winged petiole, glabrous or glandular ciliate on margin; involucre 23 cm in diam.; ray florets 1.62.5 cm, pappus as long as or only slightly longer than achenes; achenes glabrous or sometimes laxly puberulous ................................. 1. D. altaicum
6b. Basal leaves obovate-spatulate or oblong-elliptic, petioles shorter, lower stem leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-spatulate, basally attenuate into 24 cm broadly winged petiole, both surfaces articulate-villous and glandular hairy, especially on veins; involucre 33.5 cm in diam.; ray florets 2.22.8 cm, pappus ca. 3 Χ as long as achenes; achenes laxly puberulous on veins ......... 2. D. thibetanum
阿尔泰多郎菊 altai duo lang ju
Arnica altaica Turczaninow, nom. nud.!!; Aronicum altaicum (Pallas) A. de Candolle.
Rhizomes procumbent or sometimes ascending, stout, ca. 1 cm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, green or brown, sometimes purple-tinged, 2080 cm tall, simple, basally glabrous, apically densely glandular hairy, more densely so below capitula. Radical leaves usually withered by anthesis; petiole long, 619 cm; blade ovate or obovate-oblong, 510 Χ 45 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded or obtuse. Stem leaves 5 or 6, uppermost leaves ovate-oblong, 56 Χ 44.5 cm, base attenuate into ca. 2 cm broadly winged petiole, other stem leaves sessile, broadly ovate, semi-amplexicaul. Median leaves 78 Χ 33.5 cm, upper ones 2.53.5 Χ 0.82.5 cm, base broadly cordate, semi-amplexicaul, all glabrous, margin undulate-denticulate, or sometimes entire, glandular ciliate, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Capitula solitary, large, 46 cm in diam. with ray florets. Involucre hemispherical, 23 cm in diam.; phyllaries equal, 11.3 cm; outer ones oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.82 mm wide, densely glandular hairy at base; inner ones linear-lanceolate or linear, 0.51 mm wide, glabrous or ciliate on margins only, all bracts apically long acuminate. Ray florets yellow, (1.6)22.5 cm, with 22.5 mm tube, glabrous; rays linear-oblong, 1622 Χ 22.5 mm, 3-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets yellow, 55.3 mm, with 1.52 mm tube and cylindrical campanulate limb, 5-lobed, lobes ca. 1 mm, apically acute; anthers ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate, style arms short, apically obtuse or truncate. Achenes yellow-brown or dark brown, cylindrical, 24 mm, ribbed, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Pappus present in all florets, white or red-brown at base, 34 mm. Fl. JunAug, ??fr. 2n = 30, 60.
Grasslands on slopes, under Picea forests; 23002500 m. Nei Mongol, ??Shaanxi, N Xinjiang [??Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
西藏多郎菊 xizang duo lang ju
Cremanthodium calotum Diels; Doronicum limprichtii Diels.
Rhizomes procumbent or ascending, stout, ca. 1 cm in diam., tuberous, sometimes short and slender. Stem solitary, erect, green or sometimes purple-tinged, (6)1075 cm tall, simple, densely villous, yellow-brown, with intermixed short glandular hairs, more densely so below capitula, part of stem leafy. Radical leaves often withered by anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 24 cm, dilated at base; leaf blade obovate-spatulate or oblong-elliptic, 415 Χ 1.53.5 cm, submembranous, base attenuate into narrow or broad petiole, apex obtuse or rounded. Stem leaves dense or lax, usually up to apex of stem; lower leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-elliptic, base narrowed into 24 cm broadly winged petiole, margin ciliate. Capitula solitary, terminal, large, 56(7) cm in diam. Involucre hemispherical, 33.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, equal; outer ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.51.8 Χ 1.52.2 mm; inner ones linear-lanceolate or linear, 11.5 mm wide, densely pubescent and shortly glandular hairy, apically narrowly lanceolate. Ray florets yellow, 2.22.8 cm, with ca. 3 mm tube, glabrous; rays oblong-linear, 1.83 mm, 3- or 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets yellow, 4.55 mm, with 22.5 mm tube and campanulate limb, 5-lobed, lobes ovate-triangular, apically acute; anthers 11.5 mm, basally obtuse, style arms 2-fid, apex obtuse or truncate. Achenes cylindrical, 1.52 mm, 10-ribbed, sparsely puberulous on ribs. Pappus present in all achenes, numerous, yellow-brown, 55.5 mm, scabrous. Fl. JulSep, fr.??
* Alpine grasslands, thickets, stony slopes; 34004200 m, Qinghai, SW and W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
甘肃多郎菊 gan su duo lang ju
Rhizomes erect or ascending, slender, clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary or rarely with stoloniferous branches, green, erect, 1020 cm tall, simple, glabrous, or upper part especially below capitula yellow-brown glandular hairy. Radical and stoloniferous leaves long petiolate; petiole 3.57.5 cm, slender, not winged; leaf blade obovate-oblong, ca. 2.5 Χ 1.52 cm, base slightly cordate, apex rounded. Lower stem leaves with petiole dilated at base; blade obovate or obovate-spatulate, ± membranous, base narrowed into ca. 2 cm, winged petiole, apex rounded or obtuse. Median and upper leaves sessile, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2.54 Χ 12.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulous, base cordate, semi-amplexicaul, margin apically entire or rarely inconspicuously denticulate, ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded. Capitula solitary, terminal, 35 cm in diam. Involucre hemispherical or broadly campanulate, 1.52 cm in diam.; phyllaries biseriate, green, subequal, herbaceous; outer ones narrowly lanceolate, 1013 Χ 1.51.8 mm; inner ones linear-lanceolate, 11.3 mm wide, abaxially laxly or densely white hairy, apex acuminate. Ray florets 1.82.3 cm, with ca. 2 mm tube, glabrous; rays yellow, 1620 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets yellow, 4.55 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate, ca. 1 mm; anthers obtuse at base; style arms apically truncate. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, ribbed, glabrous. Pappus present in all florets, yellow-brown, 34 mm, scabrous. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
* Grassy slopes, forest understories; ca. 3100 m. Gansu (Xigu).
长圆叶多郎菊 chang yuan ye duo lang ju
Rhizomes short, stout, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., sometimes tuberous, ascending, with black membranous bristles at collar of root. Stem solitary, erect, green, sometimes reddish violet in upper part, 2530(50) cm tall, glabrous, glandular hairy in upper part. Radical leaf petiole 1620 cm; blade elliptical or obovate-oblong, 26(10) Χ 1.52.5 cm, base tapered, attenuate, apex rounded-obtuse. Lower stem leaves similar to radical ones, but narrowed to large winged petioles, semi-amplexicaul or sometimes sessile. Median stem leaves sessile, narrowly oblong, 48 Χ 23 cm, base semi-amplexicaul, apex obtuse or rather acute. Upper leaves 34 Χ ca. 1 cm. All leaves glabrous, margin entire or sometimes terminal ones inconspicuously dentate, glandular ciliate on margin. Capitula solitary, long pedunculate, 34 cm in diam., hemispherical, 1.22 cm; phyllaries 1.22 cm, white pubescent, with long, simple, and orbicular-glandular hairs; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 1.53.5 mm wide; inner ones narrowly lanceolate, 1.23 mm wide. Ray florets 2.22.8 cm; corolla yellowish, with ca. 2 mm tube; rays 1.82.4 Χ 3.65 mm, hairy at base, 46-veined, apically finely toothed. Disc florets 56 mm; corolla yellow, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb, lobes 11.5 mm, glabrous. Achenes heteromorphic, achenes in ray florets ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous, without pappus; disc achenes 22.8 mm, adpressed-hairy. Pappus white, 22.3 mm, bristly, serrate. Fl. JunAug, fr.??. 2n = 40.
Beside water canals, forest understories; ??elevation. Xinjiang (Hami) [Kazakhstan, ??Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
This species is similar to Doronicum turkestanicum but differs in having radical leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate; tube of ray florets glabrous, and rays hairy basally.
中亚多郎菊 zhong ya duo lang ju
Doronicum oblongifolium A. de Candolle var. leiocarpum Trautvetter.
Rhizomes horizontal or oblique, ca. 1 cm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, striate, green, 2580 cm tall, simple, with scattered, orbicular, glandular hairs, sometimes subglabrous in lower part. Leaves with both surfaces glabrous or adaxially and marginally sparsely hairy, margin entire or finely and sparsely toothed, apex?? or base?? obtuse or rather acute. Radical leaves withered by anthesis or present, obovate-spatulate or suborbicular, 411 Χ 46.5 cm, abruptly or gradually narrowed into a winged petiole 410(15) cm. Stem leaves 46, oblong-ovate or oblong, rarely ovate, 311 Χ 1.54 cm, sessile or with broadly winged short petiole, semi-amplexicaul. Upper leaves smaller, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely linear-lanceolate. Capitula solitary with ray florets 56 cm in diam. Involucre hemispherical, (2)2.53 cm in diam.; outer bracts lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, 1.21.7 Χ (1.5)1.82 mm wide; inner ones linear, 11.5 mm wide; all bracts abaxially and marginally sparsely or densely glandular pubescent, apically long acuminate. Ray florets yellowish, 1.83 cm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube, outside densely glandular hairy; rays 1.52 cm Χ 22.8 mm, 4- or 5-veined, apically finely (2 or)3-toothed. Disc florets 5.57 mm; corolla dark yellow, with 2.53 mm tube and campanulate limb lobes ca. 1 mm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally entire, filament collar cylindrical. Achenes heteromorphic, brown, marginal ones smooth, 34 mm, pappus absent. Achenes in disc florets 33.5 mm, glabrous or scattered appressed puberulous; pappus of numerous serrate bristles, white, 33.5 mm. Fl. JunAug, fr.??.
On slopes, under Picea forests; 19002700 m. Nei Mongol, N Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
错那多郎菊 cuo na duo lang ju
Rhizomes short, not tuberous, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, green, striate, 6090 cm tall, rather stout, 78 mm in diam., simple or branched on inflorescences, scattered glandular hairy in upper part, subglabrous in lower part. Radical leaves often withered by anthesis. Median stem leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, 47 Χ 2.53 cm, membranous, both surfaces scattered adpressed glandular pubescent, especially on veins, base dilated, cordate, semi-amplexicaul, margin rounded finely toothed or subentire, apex obtuse or rather acute. Upper stem leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.54 Χ 1.52 cm, both surfaces sparsely shortly glandular hairy, base cordate, semi-amplexicaul, apex acuminate. Capitula 3 or 4 in axillary racemes, with ray florets, 22.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 38 cm, glandular pubescent, apically obconically dilated. Involucres hemispherical, 1013 Χ 1520 mm; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate; outer bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, abaxially glandular pubescent in lower half, glabrous or subglabrous in upper part, margin long ciliate; inner ones linear-lanceolate or linear, 0.50.8 mm wide, ciliate; all bracts long acuminate, equal to disc or rather shorter than disc. Ray florets yellow, 810 mm with 2.53 mm tube, glabrous; rays oblong or oblong-elliptic, 78 Χ ca. 2 mm, 4-veined, apically 2- or 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow-green, 3.44 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and campanulate-infundibular limb, lobes ovate-triangular; anthers linear, 11.2 mm, basally obtuse; style arms short, obtuse or truncate. Achenes heteromorphic, brown, obconic-oblong, 2.53 mm, 10-ribbed; marginal achenes glabrous, without pappus, achenes in disc florets densely white hairy. Pappus pallid-yellow, 33.5 mm, scabrous. Fl. JulSep, fr.??.
* Thickets on slopes; 38003900 m. Xizang (Cona).
狭舌多郎菊 xia she duo lang ju
Doronicum souliei Cavillier; D. yunnanense Franchet ex Diels.
Rhizomes short, slender, not tuberous. Stem solitary, erect, 50100 cm tall, simple, rarely virgately inflorescence-branched, sparsely or densely white hairy, with intermixed short glandular hairs. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 811 Χ 34 cm, base cuneately narrowed into petiole 36 cm, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate. Lower leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 410 Χ 2.54 cm, basally narrowed to narrowly winged petiole. Upper leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 312 Χ 1.53.5 cm, base cordate, semi-amplexicaul or constricted and lyrate in lower half. All leaves membranous, margin denticulate or subentire, both surfaces pubescent and shortly glandular hairy, especially on veins. Capitula small, 22.5 cm in diam., 210 arranged in racemes; peduncles 11.5 cm, shortly conical, densely glandular pubescent and villous. Involucres hemispherical or broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 cm; phyllaries 2- or 3-seriate, green, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, often exceeding disc, 0.31.5 mm wide, outside sparsely or densely villous and glandular hairy, subglabrous or glabrous in upper part, apex acuminate. Ray florets pallid-yellow, shorter than involucres or equal to them, with 2.53 mm tube; rays linear, 710 Χ 0.20.3 mm, 3- or 4-veined, apically 2- or 3-denticulate. Disc florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm, with 1.52 mm tube and narrow campanulate limb; lobes ovate, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm, basally obtuse; style arms obtuse or truncate. Achenes homogeneous, brown, subcylindric or slightly curved, 2.53 mm, 10-ribbed, puberulous. Pappus present in all florets, white, yellow-white, or reddish, equal to achenes, scabrous. Fl. JulSep, fr.??.
* Subalpine and alpine grasslands, forest margins, secondary thickets, under Picea forests; 21003900 m. Gansu, Qinghai, NW and W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
华蟹甲属 hua xie jia shu
Herbs, perennial, erect, with thick subterranean tuberiform rhizomes and numerous fibrous roots. Leaves simple, petiole not winged, basal and lower cauline usually fallen by anthesis; blade ovate to suborbicular, palmately or pinnately veined, base cordate to subtruncate, sometimes expanded and subamplexicaul, but not vaginate. Capitula solitary or few to numerous, arranged in terminal lax corymb or compound paniculoid thyrses, radiate; peduncles bracteolate. Involucres not calyculate, narrowly cylindrical to obconic-campanulate, with minutely puberulous tips and scarious margins. Ray florets 28; rays yellow, oblong or linear-oblong, 47-veined, with 2 or 3 small terminal teeth. Disc florets 2 to many; corolla yellow; limb infundibular; lobes 5, anthers shortly acutely to obtusely caudate, tails 1/43/4 as long as filament collar; filament collars broadly obconic to somewhat balusterform, broader than filament at base; endothecial cell wall thickenings strictly polar. Style arms incurved, obtuse with numerous rather long, prominent, obtuse terminal papillae. Achenes cylindrical, ribbed, glabrous. Pappus persistent, capillary.
Four species: all endemic to China.
Ligularia and Parasenecio are the closest relatives. Sinacalia differs from the former by its non-vaginate leaf sheaths, and from the latter by its radiate capitula, and from both by its tuberiform rhizomes.
1a. Capitula small, numerous, in broad, richly branched paniculoid thyrses; involucre cylindrical, ca. 2 mm in diam., phyllaries 5; ray florets 2 or 3.
2a. Leaf blade deeply pinnatisect, with 3 or 4 lateral lobes on each side, pinnately veined 4. S. tangutica
2b. Leaf blade not lobed, pentagonal or triangular, sinuate, apiculate-dentate, basally palmately 35-veined 3. S. davidii
1b. Capitula large, 20 or fewer, corymbose or solitary; involucre obconic-campanulate, 58 mm in diam., phyllaries 8; ray florets 58.
3a. Leaf blade deeply cordate, thickly papery; rays 1518 mm ................... 1. S. macrocephala
3b. Leaf blade shallowly cordate, truncate, or broadly cuneate, leathery or subleathery; rays 811 mm 2. S. caroli
大头华蟹甲 da tuo hua xie jia
Koyamacalia macrocephala H. Robinson & Brettell (1973) [as the nom. nov.: the basionym of the comb. in Sinacalia! BN2007-10-04]; Cacalia macrocephala Handel-Mazzetti, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 633. 1937, not (Less.) Kuntze 1891.
Stems erect, conspicuously striate, robust, 810 mm in diam. at base, fistulose, 80100 cm tall, simple, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves subradical, thickly papery, long petiolate; petiole 815 cm, stout, expanded and somewhat amplexicaul at base, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; blade adaxially dark green, broadly ovate-orbicular, 1416 Χ 2030 cm, thickly papery, abaxially arachnoid, soon glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, veins prominent on both surfaces, base cordate, margin irregularly repand-denticulate, apex rounded, mucronate. Stem leaves bractlike, ovate-lanceolate, 23 cm Χ 46 mm, many veined, sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent, apex acuminate. Capitula large, 522, arranged in a terminal or compound corymb; peduncles 13.5 cm, stout, fulvous-arachnoid; bracteoles 2 or 3, linear-lanceolate, 610 Χ 11.5 mm. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 1315 Χ 610 mm; phyllaries 8, green, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, ca. 15 Χ 23.5 mm, herbaceous, glabrous or subglabrous, with puberulous tips and broadly scarious margins, obscurely 35-veined, apically acuminate. Ray florets 5 or 6, yellow, with 88.5 mm tube; rays linear-oblong, 1518 Χ 33.5 mm, 6- or 7-veined, apically minutely 2- or 3-dentate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 1.21.3 cm, with 55.5 mm tube and infundibular limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apically acuminate; anthers oblong, 44.5 mm, shortly obtusely caudate, appendages ovate-oblong; style arms ca. 1.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 1.31.5 cm, scabrous. Fl. SepNov, fr.??.
* Habitat and elevation unknown. W Hubei (near Yichang).
革叶华蟹甲 ge ye hua xie jia
Senecio caroli C. Winkler, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 7. 1893; Cacalia caroli (C. Winkler) C. C. Chang.
Rhizomes fusiform, 56 mm in diam., subglabrous, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or ascending, often flexuous, 23 mm in diam. at base, leafless in lower part, 1540 cm tall, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous. Radical and lower leaves fallen by anthesis. Stem leaf petiole 2.56 cm, sparsely puberulous, expanded and somewhat amplexicaul at base; blade abaxially pale green or purplish, adaxially dark green, suborbicular or subflabelliform, 24 Χ 36 cm, leathery or subleathery, abaxially fulvous-puberulous or glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, basally palmately 79-veined, veins distinctly prominent abaxially, base truncate or weakly cordate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin coarsely palmately dentate-lobulate with apically cartilaginous-mucronate teeth, ± revolute. Upper stem leaves progressively smaller with shorter petioles. Uppermost leaves bractlike, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, apically cartilaginous-mucronate. Capitula solitary or 35 arranged in lax corymbs, medium-sized, 2.56 cm in diam.; peduncles 35 cm, slender, usually 57-bracteolate. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 1213 Χ 57 mm; phyllaries 8, oblong-linear or linear, ca. 12 Χ 23 mm, ± glabrous, with white-puberulous tips and scarious margins, apex acute or subobtuse. Ray florets 68, yellow, corolla tube ca. 6 mm; rays oblong-lanceolate, 811 Χ 2.53 mm, 46-veined, apically minutely 3-dentate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 99.5 mm, with 44.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 2 mm, apically acute. Anthers dark brown, oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, shortly obtusely caudate; appendages ovate-oblong; style arms ca. 1.5 mm, apically obtuse, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus 99.5 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Roadsides, forest understories, in valleys; 10002900 m. Gansu (Dibu - spelling??), Sichuan.
双花华蟹甲 shuan hua hua xie jia
Senecio davidii Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sιr. 2. 10: 40. 1887; Cacalia davidii (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; C. didymantha (Dunn) Handel-Mazzetti; S. didymanthus Dunn; S. tuberivagus W. W. Smith.
Stems robust, 810 mm in diam. at base, fistulose, to 150 cm tall, distinctly sulcate when dry, glabrous. Radical and lower stem leaves fallen by anthesis, petiolate; middle stem leaves with petiole 35 cm, sparsely puberulous or glabrous, basally expanded and subamplexicaul; blade of middle stem leaves abaxially pale green or purplish, adaxially dark green, triangular or pentagonal, 815 Χ 920 cm, leathery, abaxially fulvous-puberulous on veins or glabrescent, adaxially sparsely hispidulous or subglabrous, basally palmately 35-veined, base truncate or weakly cordate, apex acute, mucronate-dentate. Upper stem leaves smaller; uppermost leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-triangular. Capitula small, numerous, arranged in terminal compound paniculoid thyrses; axes and peduncles fulvous-puberulous; peduncles short, 25 mm, usually with 2 or 3 linear or linear-lanceolate bracteoles. Involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5, linear-oblong, 0.51.5 mm, with obtuse minutely puberulous tips and narrow scarious margins, glabrous, inconspicuously 35-veined. Ray florets 2; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm with ca. 5.5 mm tube; rays oblong-linear, 1012 Χ 0.51.5 mm, 4-veined, apically minutely 2-dentate. Disc florets 2, rarely 4; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes 5, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers linear-oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, shortly caudate; appendage ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, papillose, obtuse. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, sometimes rufescent, 56 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
* Grassy slopes, cliffs, roadsides, forest margins; 9003200 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
华蟹甲 hua xie jia
Senecio tanguticus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pιtersbourg, Sιr. 3, 27: 486. 1881; Ligularia tangutica (Maximowicz) J. Mattfeld; Senecillis tangutica (Maximowicz) Kitamura; Senecio henryi Hemsley; Sinacalia henryi (Hemsley) H. Robinson & Brettell, non rite publ.
Rhizomes tuberiform, 11.5 cm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stems robust, fistulose, 50100 cm tall, 56 mm in diam., simple, sparsely arachnoid when young, or glabrous at base, puberulous with brown hairs in upper parts. Lower stem leaves fallen by anthesis, petiolate. Petiole of median stem leaves 36 cm, expanded and subamplexicaul at base, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; blade of median stem leaves adaxially dark green, ovate or ovate-cordate, 1016 Χ 1015 cm, thickly papery, abaxially puberulous and sparsely arachnoid, adaxially sparsely adpressed-hispidulous at least on veins, distinctly pinnately veined, base subtruncate or weakly cordate, margin deeply pinnatisect with 3 or 4 lateral lobes on each side, apex mucronate; lateral lobes subopposite, narrowly to broadly oblong, with a few acute marginal teeth or lobules. Upper stem leaves smaller, shortly petiolate. Capitula small, numerous, arranged in terminal often broad and much branched, compound paniculoid thyrses; axes and peduncles fulvous glandular puberulous; peduncles 23 mm, slender, with 2 or 3 small linear-acuminate bracteoles. Involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5, linear-oblong, 0.51.5 mm with obtuse minutely puberulous tips and narrow scarious margins. Ray florets 2 or 3, yellow, with ca. 4.5 mm tube; rays oblong-lanceolate, 1314 Χ ca. 2 mm, 4-veined, apically minutely 2-dentate. Disc florets 4, rarely 7; corollas yellow, 89 mm, with 22.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acuminate; anthers oblong, 3.53.7 mm, shortly caudate; appendages oblong, apically acuminate; style arms ca. 1.5 mm, papillose, obtuse. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 78 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
* Grassy slopes, cliffs, streamsides, meadows, roadsides, forest margins; 12003500 m. Gansu, Hebei, ??Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
歧笔菊属 qi bi ju shu
Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizomes woody, with fibrous, tomentose roots. Stems erect, leafy. Leaves alternate, stem leaves petiolate, strongly 3-veined from above base. Capitula homogamous, discoid, axillary to upper leaves, solitary or paired; pedunculate; peduncles slender, divaricate, minutely multi-bracteolate in upper part. Involucres cylindrical, minutely calyculate. Receptacle subconvex, areolate; phyllaries 10 or 11, linear or linear-lanceolate, subleathery, with scarious margins. Florets 15 or 16, all discoid, perfect, fertile; corollas yellow, actinomorphic; tubular with infundibuliform limb, 5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate. Anthers linear, exserted from corolla, basally long caudate, appendages lanceolate; endothecial cell wall thickenings strictly polar. Filament collars long, narrow, without enlarged basal cells, ca. as broad as filaments, shorter than anther tails. Style arms with confluent stigmatic areas, abaxially and apically long papillose; papillae divided at apex into 2 brushlike lobes. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus capillary hairs numerous, many seriate, barbellate.
Monotypic genus: endemic to Guizhou, China.
In habit and the shape of the capitula, the single species is very similar to some species of Synotis such as S. sinica; however; the strongly 3-veined leaves, cylindrical filament collars and completely polarized endothecial tissue cell wall thickenings place it in the subtribe Tussilagininae and ally it firmly to Parasenecio. The apically bipenicillate style arms and its habit readily distinguishes it from the latter.
歧笔菊 qi bi ju
Roots densely tomentose. Stems to 100 cm tall, ascending at base, leafless in lower part, leafy above, simple or branching in upper part, sparsely fulvous-puberulous when young, glabrescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, lower ones withered and fallen by anthesis; median ones rather numerous; petiole 35 mm, sparsely pubescent, not winged, not auriculate; blade abaxially paler, adaxially deep green, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 59 Χ 0.81.8 cm, leathery, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous except for sparsely puberulous main veins and margins, prominently 3-veined from above the base, main veins conspicuously impressed, base cuneate, margin remotely mucronulate-dentate and when dry somewhat revolute, apex acuminate or acuminate-caudate. Upper leaves similar but gradually smaller upward. Capitula solitary or paired in upper leaf axils; peduncles 12.5 cm, slender, divaricate, densely ferruginous puberulent, when paired bracteate at base, minutely and rather closely 79-bracteolate in upper part, sparsely puberulous; bracteoles linear-subulate, 23 mm, apically incurved. Involucres cylindrical, 79 Χ 35 mm, calyculate; bracteoles of calyculus 5 or 6, linear-subulate, minute; phyllaries 1011, linear or linear-lanceolate, 12 mm wide, subleathery, glabrous, margin broadly scarious, apically acute and sparsely puberulous. Florets 15 or 16; corolla yellow, ca. 7 mm, with 22.5 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically papillose, acute. Anthers linear; ca. 5 mm, prominently caudate, tails 23 Χ as long as filament collars. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, truncate, with papillae divided at apex into 2 brushlike lobes. Ovary cylindrical, ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 6.5 mm. Fl. Sep, fr??.
* Habitat and elevation unknown. Guizhou (Guiding).
蟹甲草属 xie jia cao shu
Koyamacalia H. Robinson & Brettell.
Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes robust, erect or horizontal, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, usually striate or sulcate, glabrous, arachnoid, or glandular puberulous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or palmately or pinnately lobed, serrate. Capitula small or medium-sized, discoid, homogamous, all perfect, fertile, few to numerous flowered, terminal or axillary, racemose or paniculate, pedunculate or subsessile, often calyculate. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, rarely campanulate. Phyllaries uniseriate, free. Receptacle flat, paleaceous or not. Florets few to numerous; corolla yellow, white, or orange, tubular, with slender tube and narrowly campanulate or broadly tubular limb; lobes 5, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate; anthers sagittate or caudate at base; filament collar cylindrical, filaments slender; style arms apically truncate or rather dilated with unequal papillae. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus of capillary bristles, white, sordid fulvous-brown.
About 60 species: mainly in E Asia and the Sino-Himalayan region, and also across Russia; 51 species in China, mainly in the SW mountain area.
??Parasenecio monantha (Diels) C.-I. Peng & S. W. Chung, Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 4: 1024. 1998; Senecio monanthus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 621. 1901.
1a. Leaves large, orbicular or orbicular-cordate, palmately divided, petioles basally amplexicaul, shortly vaginate 1. P. firmus
1b. Leaves large or medium-sized, not orbicular or orbicular-cordate, simple or divided, petioles basally not vaginate.
2a. Radical leaves persistent, stem leaves 1, rarely 2, or bracteal leaflike; capitula 3 or 4, or more; involucres campanulate or narrowly campanulate, phyllaries 810; florets 1028.
3a. Plant densely glandular pubescent; radical leaves broadly cordate, obtuse, or suborbicular; stem leaves 1, rarely 2, sessile or subsessile; capitula pendulous; phyllaries 8 or 9; florets 1016, corolla white or pink-white ..................................................................................................... 2. P. forrestii
3b. Plant densely brown pubescent; radical leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular, stem leaves few, bracteal leaflike, shortly petiolate; capitula erect; phyllaries 9 or 10; florets 28, corolla yellow 3. P. begoniifolius
2b. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, or if persistent, then florets 5; stem leaves few to numerous; capitula few to numerous, paniculate or racemose-paniculate; involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate; phyllaries 310, rarely more; florets (2 or)35(8) or more.
4a. Involucres cylindrical, 25 mm; phyllaries 46; florets 26; leaves ovate or broadly ovate-cordate, irregularly coarsely toothed or shallowly 310-lobed; petioles not winged, basally not expanded 4. P. chola
4b. Involucres cylindrical or campanulate, more than 4 mm; phyllaries 38; rarely more; florets 315, rarely more; leaves polymorphic, irregularly coarsely toothed, shallowly lobed to divided; petioles winged or not, basally auriculate or not auriculate.
5a. Stem leaves numerous; leaf blade palmately divided; phyllaries 35, rarely 7 or 8; florets 35, rarely 1014.
6a. Leaf blade palmately 57-lobed; lobes obovate, oblong, or ovate-oblong.
7a. Leaf blade basally hastate; lobes broad, apically caudate or long acuminate; peduncles ca. 1 mm, glandular puberulous; phyllaries and florets 5 ................. 47. P. delphiniphyllus
7b. Leaf blade basally subcordate; lobes narrow, apically acute; capitula sessile, brown puberulous; phyllaries and florets 3 ........................................................ 48. P. pilgerianus
6b. Leaf blade palmately deeply 57-sect, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to linear, rarely obovate or spatulate.
8a. Leaf blade broadly ovate, palmately deeply sect; lobes obovate or spatulate; lateral lobes 2-fid to deeply sect, both surfaces glabrous; phyllaries and florets 3; pappus white 51. P. tripteris
8b. Leaf blade ovate-oblong or pentagonal-cordate, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to linear.
9a. Lobes stiffly ciliate on margin, laxly cartilaginous, mucronate or undulate-denticulate, adaxially glabrous; petioles of median leaves winged, phyllaries 7 or 8; florets 1014, pappus red-brown ............................................................................................ 49. P. sinicus
9b. Lobes pinnately lobed or 24-denticulate, adaxially pubescent on veins; petioles not winged; phyllaries 4; florets 4 or 5; pappus white ...................... 50. P. palmatisectus
5b. Stem leaves few to numerous, triangular, triangular-ovate, reniform, polyangular, or ovate-cordate, coarsely toothed or shallowly lobed, adaxially glabrous, pubescent or densely tomentose.
10a. Leaves adaxially glabrous or pubescent; capitula few to numerous, pedunculate or not; pappus white or red-brown.
11a. Capitula few, or solitary at apex and axillary in upper leaves, pendulous; involucres campanulate, 510 mm in diam.; phyllaries 810; florets numerous, ca. 38; leaves triangular; petioles not winged ............................................................................... 5. P. deltophyllus
11b. Capitula numerous or more in terminal racemes or panicles; involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, (1)35 mm in diam.; phyllaries 38; florets few; leaves not triangular; petioles winged or not.
12a. Capitula numerous, small; involucres cylindrical, 12 mm in diam.; phyllaries and florets 35; leaf blade polyangular or reniform, 57-lobed or coarsely toothed; corolla white or yellow.
13a. Capitula sessile; involucres ca. 5 Χ 1 mm; phyllaries and florets 3 or 5, corolla white; pappus sordid-white or pale yellow-brown ..................... 18. P. ambiguus
13b. Capitula pedunculate; involucres 68 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries and florets 5; corolla white or yellow; pappus white or yellow-brown.
14a. Capitula racemose or compound-racemose; involucres cylindrical; peduncles short or very short; phyllaries obtuse or rounded; pappus white 19. P. ainsliaeilorus
14b. Capitula laxly racemose or compound-racemose; peduncles 12 mm; involucres narrowly campanulate; phyllaries acute; corolla yellow; pappus pale yellow-brown 20. P. kangxianensis
12b. Capitula more numerous, larger; involucres 35 or 1020 mm in diam.; pappus white, sordid-white, or red-brown.
15a. Involucres campanulate, 1015 Χ 1020 mm; phyllaries 712; florets 838; pappus red-brown.
16a. Leaves broadly triangular, 35-lobed; lobes triangular, basal lobes sometimes rudimentary; capitula smaller; involucres narrowly campanulate, 1012 Χ 510 mm, phyllaries 7 or 8; florets 810 .................................. 21. P. rubescens
16b. Leaves pentagonal-hastate, lateral lobes small, narrowly triangular or obscure; capitula large; involucres campanulate, 1315 Χ 1720 mm; phyllaries 12; florets numerous (ca. 38) .......................................................................... 22. P. matsudai
15b. Involucres 58(10) mm; phyllaries and florets 48, rarely more; pappus white or sordid-white.
17a. Petioles not winged, basally not expanded into auricles.
18a. Leaf axils with buds.
19a. Leaf blade hastate-triangular, apex acuminate or long acuminate, base cordate, both surfaces scaly puberulous; phyllaries 7 or 8; florets 1013; pappus white ..................................................................... 14. P. nokoensis
19b. Leaf blade broadly triangular-hastate or ovate-triangular, apex long acuminate or caudate, base hastate or broadly cordate, adaxially densely glandular pubescent; phyllaries and florets 5; pappus brown or purple-brown 15. P. hastiformis
18b. Leaf axils without buds.
20a. Leaf blade triangular-hastate, apex acute or acuminate, base broadly cordate, both surfaces glabrous or subglabrous; phyllaries 5; florets 5 or 6 16. P. subglaber
20b. Leaf blade pentagonal-reniform, apex acute or rounded-obtuse, base deeply cordate, abaxially hispidulous, adaxially on veins puberulous; phyllaries 8(or 9); florets 1619 ................................................ 17. P. vespertilio
17b. Petioles winged.
21a. Petioles narrowly or indistinctly winged; base not expanded into auricle.
22a. Capitula pendulous, arranged in pyramidal panicles; phyllaries 7 or 8, glandular pubescent; florets 815(20); blade triangular-hastate, adaxially densely or laxly pubescent; petioles narrowly winged ................... 6. P. hastatus
22b. Capitula erect, arranged in broadly pyramidal panicles with long divaricate branches; phyllaries 5 or 6; florets 58; blade triangular-lanceolate, apex acuminate or caudate, adaxially laxly pilose on veins or subglabrous; petioles indistinctly winged .......................................... 7. P. lancifolius
21b. Petioles broadly winged, base often expanded and auriculate.
23a. Plant to 23 m tall, stems robust; leaves broadly triangular or triangular-hastate, petioles with 1.52 cm wide wings, base expanded and amplexicaul-auriculate; capitula numerous, 250350, in broad pyramidal panicles; phyllaries 4 or 5; florets 57 .......................................................... 8. P. komarovianus
23b. Plants 30100 cm tall; stems slender; leaves reniform or triangular-reniform; petioles large or small auriculate; capitula more numerous, racemose or paniculate; phyllaries 4 or 5; florets 47.
24a. Leaf blade oblate-reniform, thinly papery, retuse or subtruncate, triangular-rostrate at center, margin irregularly coarsely toothed stipulate-glandular hairy; petioles basally entire or dentate auriculate; phyllaries 4; florets 5 9. P. maowenensis
24b. Leaf blade not oblate-reniform, papery, apically constricted long apiculate, with regular teeth or with concave teeth at subbasal margins glandular puberulous; phyllaries 5; florets 47(or 8).
25a. Leaves reniform or triangular-reniform, both surfaces glabrous.
26a. Phyllaries 48 mm, 1/31/2 shorter than corolla and pappus by anthesis; capitula racemose, rarely paniculate; petioles basally expanded and small auriculate .............................. 10. P. auriculatus
26b. Phyllaries 812 mm; subequal or rather shorter than corolla by anthesis; capitula laxly or densely paniculate; petioles basally with 1.52 cm wide auricle ....................................... 11. P. praetermissus
25b. Leaves triangular-hastate or ovate to broadly ovate, adaxially hairy.
27a. Median stem leaves triangular-hastate, lateral lobes triangular, irregularly repand-dentate, adaxially puberulous on veins; petioles toward base gradually expanded into ovate-orbicular or orbicular, 1.52.5 cm wide auricle; auricles entire or remotely toothed; phyllaries 5; florets 5 or 6 .................................. 12. P. gansuensis
27b. Stem leaves broadly ovate or broadly cordate, adaxially sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous; petioles 510 mm broadly winged, basally expanded into a large amplexicaul auricle; phyllaries (3 or)5; florets 3 or 4(or 5) .............................................. 13. P. otopteryx
10b. Leaves adaxially arachnoid, densely lanate, or hairy initially, gradually glabrescent.
28a. Plants glabrous or sparsely arachnoid in upper part; leaves triangular, ovate-triangular, or hastate-triangular, distinctly prominently 3-veined, anthers basally long caudate.
29a. Leaves not divided.
30a. Petioles winged, often expanded into a subamplexicaul auricle; capitula pendulous.
31a. Leaf blade ovate-triangular to broadly triangular, stiffly papery; petioles broadly winged, basally expanded into a broad or narrow auricle; phyllaries 3; florets 5 or 6 23. P. latipes
31b. Leaf blade triangular or triangular-hastate, thick, adaxially arachnoid-tomentose; petioles with 415 mm in diam. orbicular auricles; phyllaries 68; florets 912(14) 24. P. lidjiangensis
30b. Petioles not winged, base not or ± expanded, but without auricles; capitula extending or pendulous.
32a. Stem leaves numerous, crowded at middle part of stem; leaves ovate or reniform-triangular, margin with cartilaginous coarse teeth; capitula laxly racemose, but not oblique on one side; phyllaries 3; florets 2 or 3 ............. 27. P. tenianus
32b. Stem leaves 3 or 4, often crowded at middle to lower part of stem; capitula oblique.
33a. Radical leaves withered and fallen by anthesis; leaf blade membranous or submembranous, broadly ovate or ovate-oblate, adaxially densely white tomentose; florets (6)8 or 9 ................................................... 25. P. taliensis
33b. Radical leaves persistent at anthesis; leaf blade papery, ovate-triangular, broadly ovate, or rhombic, adaxially not white tomentose; florets 5.
34a. Stems yellow-brown multicellular pubescent; leaves often crowded in lower middle part of stem, ovate-triangular or broadly ovate, rarely rhombic or cordate; adaxially yellow-brown villous; capitula narrowly paniculate 28. P. koualapensis
34b. Stems slender, glabrous; leaves crowded near base of stem, ovate-orbicular or cordate, adaxially becoming purple when dry, glabrous; capitula spicate 26. P. jiulongensis
29b. Leaves divided.
35a. Leaf blade obovate-spatulate, lyrately pinnate; lobes ovate, oblong, or obovate-triangular, coarsely toothed, adaxially arachnoid-tomentose; petioles broadly winged, basally expanded into a 25 mm wide [okay??] auricle; phyllaries and florets 5 or 6 32. P. cyclotus
35b. Leaf blade 35-lobed to medially sect.
36a. Leaves reniform-pentangular or broadly ovate-pentangular; petioles not winged, often with many globose bulblets in upper branches of inflorescence; phyllaries and florets 4 or 5 .................................................................. 29. P. quinquelobus
36b. Leaves reniform-triangular or broadly ovate; petioles winged, but without bulblets.
37a. Leaf blade broadly triangular, 3-lobed, central lobe 3-fid, lateral lobes 2-fid, abaxially white arachnoid-tomentose; petioles narrowly winged, basally without auricle; phyllaries 4 or 5 ................................................. 30. P. rockianus
37b. Leaf blade reniform-triangular or broadly ovate, 35-median-sect, lobes lobulate or coarsely toothed, abaxially densely brown puberulous, adaxially white arachnoid-tomentose; petioles broadly winged, basally auriculate; phyllaries 5; florets 8(10) ............................................................................... 31. P. souliei
28b. Plants all or at least upper part arachnoid or villous; leaf blade ovate-triangular, ovate-cordate, or cordate, basally 3-veined or palmately 57-veined, adaxially arachnoid, glandular hairy, or ± glabrescent.
38a. Leaf blade ovate-triangular, ovate, or cordate, usually basally 3-veined; phyllaries (2 or)35; florets 15, rarely more.
39a. Capitula numerous, spreading or pendulous, racemose or paniculate; phyllaries (2 or)3; florets 13, rarely 4.
40a. Phyllaries 2, floret 1; leaves 4, lax on stem, subtriangular-reniform, abaxially crisped-volute hairy, adaxially densely lanate; petioles not winged 35. P. morrisonensis
40b. Phyllaries 2 or 3(or 4); florets 3(or 4); leaf blade ovate-triangular or broadly cordate.
41a. Capitula laxly pyramidal-paniculate, pendulous, oblique-lateral; leaves ovate-triangular, adaxially white or gray-white arachnoid; petioles not winged 33. P. roborowskii
41b. Capitula narrowly racemose-paniculate, spreading; leaves broadly cordate, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially sparsely arachnoid; petioles narrowly winged 34. P. xingjiashanensis
39b. Capitula laxly paniculate or narrowly racemose-paniculate; phyllaries 5; florets 5 or 6, rarely 1013; petioles winged or not.
42a. Stem leaves 4 or 5; petioles winged.
43a. Leaves membranous, broadly ovate to ovate-rhombic, acute, angular coarsely toothed; petioles distinctly winged ................... 36. P. profundorum
43b. Leaves thinly papery, broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, caudate-acuminate, serrulate; petioles indistinctly winged or not winged, uppermost leaves bractlike 37. P. phyllolepis
42b. Stem leaves 24(or 5); petioles not winged.
44a. Stems slender, glabrous; stem leaves 2 or 3, broadly cordate-orbicular or ovate-cordate-orbicular or ovate-cordate, adaxially violet or purplish, sparsely arachnoid; capitula broadly paniculate; involucres 1214 Χ 1.52 mm, glabrous 38. P. ianthophyllus
44b. Stems robust, white arachnoid; stem leaves 4 or 5, ovate-triangular or triangular-hastate, adaxially white arachnoid; capitula narrowly paniculate; involucres 810 Χ 45 mm, outside white lanate; florets 1013 .. 39. P. leucocephalus
38b. Leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate or cordate, palmately 57-veined, adaxially arachnoid-tomentose or glandular hairy; phyllaries 35(or 6); florets 35(8).
45a. Phyllaries 3 or 4; florets 24; plants adpressed gray-white arachnoid-lanate, intermixed glandular puberulous .................................................. 40. P. longispicus
45b. Phyllaries 5; florets 58(10); plants arachnoid or red-brown glandular pubescent.
46a. Axillary scale buds ovoid-globose, brown tomentose; capitula racemose, upper part laxly bracteate, often with bulblets; phyllaries 5 or 6; florets 810 41. P. bulbiferoides
46b. Bulblets absent from leaf axils and bracts; capitula spicate-racemose or paniculate.
47a. Stems, petioles, and involucres arachnoid or ± fallen later.
48a. Capitula spicate-racemose, involucres 1214 mm; florets 58; petioles 514 cm, not winged, basally not expanded ................. 42. P. petasitoides
48b. Capitula laxly narrowly paniculate; involucres ca. 10 mm; florets 7 or 8; petioles indistinctly narrowly winged, basally expanded and subamplexicaul 43. P. hwangshanicus
47b. Stems, petioles, and involucres red-brown or brown villous or knotted glandular pubescent.
49a. Lower stems glandular pubescent, upper part white arachnoid or hispidulous; peduncles 34 mm; florets 5 or 6; corolla orange 46. P. dasythyrsus
49b. Stems, petioles, and phyllaries red-brown or brown pubescent; peduncles very short or subsessile; florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow.
50a. Leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate or reniform, triangularly 5-lobed or deeply serrate, red-brown hyaline glandular hairy; petioles 510 cm, basally not expanded ..................................................... 44. P. rufipilis
50b. Leaf blade reniform or ovate, undulate-lobed, lobes broadly triangular, abaxially brown puberulous, adaxially arachnoid or puberulous; petioles 1015 cm, basally expanded, subamplexicaul ..... 45. P. tsinlingensis
鞘叶组 shao ye zu
Cacalia Sect. Taimingasa Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 172. 1962.
Leaves large, few, usually 2 or 3; blade orbicular, palmately median-sect; petioles amplexicaul, shortly sheathed at base. Involucres narrowly campanulate; phyllaries 35; florets 510; pappus sordid-white.
大叶蟹甲草 da ye xie jia cao
Cacalia firma Komarov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 420. 1900; Koyamacalia firma (Komarov), H. Robinson & Brettell; Miricacalia firma (Komarov) Nakai.
Stems erect, striate, to 2 m tall, robust, 1.52 cm in diam. at base, terete, glabrous. Radical leaves long petiolate, large; petiole 2228 cm, stout, crisped-pubescent; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, orbicular or orbicular-cordate, ca. 30 Χ 35100 cm, palmately median cleft, base cordate, apex acute; lobes 1115, triangular-ovate, adaxially glabrous, reticulate veined, abaxially?? puberulous on veins, margin irregularly mucronulate-serrate, apically acute. Stem leaves small; petiole short, 38 mm, stout; leaf blade ovate-triangular or ovate-oblong. With linear bractlets??. Peduncles 1012 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-lanceolate, 1012 Χ 1.52 mm, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, with membranous margins, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Florets 510; corolla yellow, 810 mm, tube fine, ca. 3.5 mm, limb narrowly tubular; lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, basally caudate; style arms excurved, apex truncate, penicillate-papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white or sordid-white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. AugSep, fr. Oct.
Forest understories, margins of forests, open spaces; 8001100 m. Jilin [N Korea].
蟹甲草组 xie jia cao zu
Radical leaf l, stem leaves 1, rarely 2, or few bracteal, leaflike. Capitula 3 or 4 to numerous, erect or pendulous, narrowly paniculate. Involucres campanulate narrowly campanulate; phyllaries uniseriate or nearly biseriate, 810. Florets 1028. Pappus white.
Two species.
蟹甲草 xie jia cao
Cacalia forrestii (W. W. Smith & J. Small) Handel-Mazzetti.
Rhizomes slender, woody, scabrous. Stem solitary, 6080 cm tall, striate, densely glandular pubescent at base, with laxly paniculate inflorescence branches in upper part, densely glandular pubescent. Leaves petiolate, often crowded in lower part, usually 3. Radical leaf 1, large; petiole 35 cm, not winged, densely pubescent; leaf blade cordate, 1012 Χ 1417 cm, abaxially densely villous on veins, adaxially villous, ± reticulate, apex obtuse. Stem leaves usually 1, rarely 2, similar to radical leaves but smaller, sessile or subsessile; leaf blade elliptic-triangular. Capitula numerous, pendulous, narrowly paniculate; peduncles 0.55 cm, puberulous; bracteoles 14. Involucres campanulate, 1.31.4 cm; phyllaries 8 or 9, subbiseriate; outer ones 3 or 4, larger, puberulous. Florets 1016; corolla pale pink-white. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms excurved, truncate, penicillate papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, 5-ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 8 mm, Fl. Aug, fr. SepOct.
* Forest understories; 23003700 m. SW Sichuan, Yunnan.
This species is quite similar to Parasenecio begoniifolius in aspect, but the form of the leaves and indumentum are different.
秋海棠叶蟹甲草 qui hai tang ye xie jia cao
Senecio begoniifolius Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 358. 1894; Cacalia begoniifolia (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti.
Plants densely brown multicellular pubescent throughout, with numerous, stout, fibrous roots. Stem solitary, ca. 50 cm tall, erect or curved from base, striate, with 1 radical leaf and few scaly leaflets. Radical leaves long petiolate; petiole 715 cm, stout, not winged, densely fulvous-brown tomentulose, base ± expanded, slightly amplexicaul; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 1520 Χ 1213 cm, papery, both surfaces red-brown puberulous, basally 79-veined, lateral veins branched, base deeply cordate, margin irregularly mucronulate-serrate, apex acute. Stem leaves few, shortly petiolate, bracteal-leaflike, lanceolate, ca. 2 cm. Capitula usually 3 or 4, terminal or on inflorescence branches arranged in narrow panicle; peduncles erect, 515 mm, densely pubescent; bracteoles 35, linear. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 79 Χ 11.5 mm, puberulous, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute or acuminate; phyllaries 9 or 10. Florets 28, longer than involucres; corolla yellow, 910 mm, tube 34 mm, slender, limb broadly tubular; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 1 cm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Under forests on slopes, forest margins, roadsides; 10002200 m. Chongqing (Chengkou), W Hubei (Badong), E Sichuan (Dabashan).
小山蟹甲草组 xiao shan xia jia cao zu
Koyamacalia H. Robinson & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 270. 1973; Cacalia Linnaeus (nom. rej.) sect. Eucacalia A. de Candolle, p.p.; Cacalia Sect. Caclia H. Koyama.
Stem leaves numerous; blade triangular or ovate-hastate to reniform, adaxially not arachnoid. Capitula numerous. Involucres cylindrical to campanulate; phyllaries 312. Florets 338; corolla white or yellow. Pappus white, rarely yellow brown or red-brown.
This section can be divided into four series.
三 裂叶系 san lie ye xi
Cacalia Ser. Trilobae H. Koyama, Mem. Fac Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. Biol. 2(2):170. 1969.
Petiole basally expanded into an amplexicaul auricle or not; leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate-cordate, 3-lobed or coarsely toothed. Involucres cylindrical, 24 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5. Florets 25.
One species in China only, occurring in S Xizang.
藏南蟹甲草 zang nan xie jia cao
Senecio chola W. W. Smith, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s., 7: 72. 1911.
Rhizomes woody, densely yellow-brown tomentose on collar, with few fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 50100 cm tall, sulcate, simple or inflorescence-branched in upper part, sparsely puberulous in lower part, densely yellow-brown pubescent in upper part. Leaves long petiolate; petiole not winged, 711 cm, sparsely pubescent, not expanded at base; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, ovate or ovate-cordate, 1018 Χ 917 cm, abaxially yellow-brown puberulous on veins, adaxially sparsely adpressed hairy, 35-basally veined, lateral veins branched from midvein, base cordate or subtruncate, margin irregularly coarsely, triangularly mucronulate-toothed, rarely 310-lobed, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula numerous, small, terminal and in upper leaf axils, crowded in paniculate-racemes, sessile or subsessile, densely yellow-brown pubescent. Involucres cylindrical, 25 mm; phyllaries 46, linear, 56 mm, densely puberulous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 26; corolla yellow, shorter than involucres. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus pale brown. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
* Forest understories; 33003800 m. Xizang (Gyirong) [India (Sikkim), Kashmir, Nepal].
戟叶系 ji ye xi
Cacalia Linnaeus Sect. Eucacalia A. de Candolle Ser. Candidae Kitamura, Comp. Jap. 3: 203. 1942; Cacalia H. Koyama.
Leaves reniform or triangular ovate to hastate, margin toothed or shallowly lobed. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate; phyllaries 38, rarely 10. Florets 35, rarely more. Pappus white, rarely yellow-brown
三角叶蟹甲草 san jiao ye xie jia cao
Senecio deltophyllus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pιtersbourg, Sιr. 3, 27: 487. 1881; Cacalia deltophylla (Maximowicz) Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski; Koyamacalia deltophylla (Maximowicz) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes robust, elongate with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 5080 cm tall, distinctly sulcate, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves petiolate; lower leaves withered and fallen; petiole 36 cm, not winged, white crisped- and glandular hairy; Median leaves triangular, 410 Χ 57 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous, basally 35-veined, lateral veins upward divaricate, base truncate or cuneate, margin irregularly undulate-toothed, teeth obtuse and mucronulate, apex acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate. Capitula few to 10, pendulous, terminal or in upper leaf axils, corymbose; peduncles 13 cm, sparsely crisped- and glandular hairy; bracteoles 38, linear. Involucres campanulate, 68 Χ 510 mm; phyllaries 810, oblong, ca. 8 Χ 23 mm, outside sparsely white pubescent and glandular hairy, barbate, with broad scabrous margins, apex acuminate. Florets numerous (ca. 38); corolla yellow or yellow-brown, 57 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, apex puberulous. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms finely long excurved, apex truncate, long papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Forest understories, on slopes, thickets in valleys, shaded places; 31004000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, N Sichuan.
山尖子 shan gian zi
Rhizomes procumbent, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem stiff, erect, 40150 cm tall, simple, sulcate, glabrous or subglabrous in lower part, densely glandular puberulous in upper part. Lower leaves withered and fallen at anthesis. Median leaf petiole 45 cm, narrowly winged, not expanded at base; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, triangular-hastate, 710 Χ 1319 cm, basal lateral lobes sometimes incised-lobulate, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous, base hastate or subcordate, margin irregularly finely toothed, apex acute or acuminate. Upper leaves smaller; basal lobes rudimentary, triangular or subrhombic, base truncate or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Uppermost bracteal leaves lanceolate to linear. Capitula numerous, pendulous, apically and in upper leaf axils narrowly pyramidal-paniculate; peduncles 420 mm, densely glandular puberulous. Involucres cylindrical, 911 Χ 58 mm; phyllaries 7 or 8, linear or lanceolate, ca. 2 mm wide, apex acute, with 2 subulate bractlets. Florets 815(20); corolla ?pale white, 911 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube narrowly campanulate, limb lobes lanceolate, apically acuminate. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms slender, excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes pale brownish, cylindrical, 68 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, equal to achenes or shorter. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep. 2n = 40, 60.
Forest understories, on slopes, forest margins on grasslands, roadsides; ??elevation. N to NE China list provinces!! Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
1a.. Leaves abaxially and phyllaries outside densely glandular puberulous ................. 6a. var. hastatus
1b.. Leaves glabrous or veins sparsely puberulous; phyllaries outside glabrous or only puberulous at base 6b. var. glaber
山尖子 （原变种） shan jian zi (yuan bian zhong)
Cacalia hastata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 835. 1753; ?C. hastata subsp. orientalis Kitamura; C. hastata var. pubescens Ledebour; Hasteola hastata (Linnaeus) Pojarkova; Koyamacalia hastata (Linnaeus) H. Robinson & Brettell; Senecio sagittatus Schultz-Bipontinus; S. sagittatus var. pubescens (Ledebour) Maximowicz.
Leaves abaxially and phyllaries outside densely glandular puberulous.
Forest understories, forest margins on grasslands; ??elevation. N to NE China list provinces!! [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
无毛山尖子 wu mao shan jian zi
Cacalia hastata Linnaeus var. glabra Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 4: 52. 1833.
Leaves glabrous or veins sparsely puberulous. Phyllaries outside glabrous or only puberulous at base.
* Forest understories on slopes, forest margins, roadsides; ??elevation. Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi.
披针叶蟹甲草 pi zhen ye xie jia cao
Senecio sagittatus Schultz-Bipontinus var. lancifolia Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 421. 1896; Cacalia hastata Linnaeus subsp. lancifolia (Franchet) H. Koyama; C. hastata var. lancifolia (Franchet) H. Koyama.
Rhizomes robust, 1.52 cm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, green or purple in lower part, striate, 90200 cm tall, glabrous, long naked in lower part. Leaves long petiolate, lower ones withered at anthesis; petiole 35 cm, not or inconspicuously winged; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1820 Χ 48 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous on veins, adaxially glabrous, base 35-veined, lateral veins numerous, upward divaricate, reticulately connected, base truncate or rarely subcordate, apex long acuminate or caudate, lateral lobes excurved or spreading, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, small, sometimes indistinct, margin equally denticulate or triangularly coarsely toothed, teeth long mucronulate. Upper leaves smaller, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, lateral lobes very small or inconspicuous, shortly acute. Capitula numerous, terminal and in upper leaf axils in a large divaricately branched panicle; branches spreading or ascending, rachis and peduncles yellow-brown glandular puberulous; peduncles (3)58 mm, slender, with 2 or 3 linear or subulate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 1013 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 5 or 6, green or purple, linear-lanceolate, 1012 Χ 11.5 mm, outside glabrous or laxly puberulous at base, margin narrowly scarious, apex obtuse or rather acute. Florets 58, shorter than involucres or nearly equal to involucres; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with 33.5 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms not curved, apex truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 78 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Forest understories on slopes, thickets, humid places in grasslands; 13002100 m. W Hubei, E Sichuan.
The form of leaves of this species is similar to Parasenecio hastatus, but differs in having upper stem leaves triangular-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate; capitula arranged in large divaricately branched panicles; and different numbers of phyllaries and florets.
星叶蟹甲草 xing ye xie jia cao
Hasteola komaroviana Pojarkova, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 20: 381. 1960; Cacalia hastata Linnaeus subsp. komaroviana (Pojarkova) Kitagawa; C. komaroviana (Pojarkova) Pojarkova.
Rhizomes procumbent, with numerous stout fibrous roots. Stems robust, erect, (70)100200(300) cm tall, 812 mm in diam. in lower part, striate, glabrous or laxly pubescent. Lower leaves withered by anthesis; petiole 23 Χ shorter than blade, with 1.52 cm wide wings, basally expanded into an amplexicaul auricle. Median leaf petiole decurrent into a broad wing; median leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, triangular-hastate, rarely compressed triangular-hastate, 2030 Χ 2050 cm, abaxially glandular puberulous on veins, adaxially sparsely puberulous, 3-veined from base, lateral veins upward divaricate, base truncate or subcordate, margin irregularly triangularly or lanceolate-toothed, thin, apex caudate-acute; lateral lobes usually 2-lobed, lobules narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, slightly retuse. Upper leaves smaller, shortly petiolate. Lower leaves 1 or 2, similar to median cauline ones, but rather narrow, triangular-hastate, 2- or 3-fid or lateral lobes with smaller teeth on margins. Capitula quite numerous, 250350, crowded at apices of stems in 2050 cm large pyramidal-panicles; lower inflorescence branches to 22 cm, ascending; upper branches erect or spreading; peduncles 412 mm, slender; rachis and peduncles often densely glandular puberulous. Involucres narrowly cylindrical, 912 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5, green, linear-lanceolate, 912 mm, outside sparsely glandular puberulous or subglabrous, margin scarious, apically acute. Florets 57; corolla yellow, 78 mm, with 1.52 mm tube and campanulate-tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers ca. 3 mm, basally caudate. Style arms long excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 78 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
Forest understories, forest margins; 8002000 m. Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
茂汶蟹甲草 mao wen xie jia cao
Rhizomes short, stout, ca. 1 cm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or curved in lower part, 6065 cm tall, slender, striate, long naked in lower part, sparsely or densely yellow-brown capitate-stipitate glandular hairs. Lower leaves withered by anthesis; petiole 48.5 cm, not winged, expanded into amplexicaul auricles, auricles entire or laxly toothed, with capitate-stipitate glandular hairs. Stem leaves 2, long petiolate; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, compressed-reniform, 69 Χ 1214 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, capitate-stipitate glandular hairy, basally 35-veined, lateral veins upward divaricate, base deeply cordate, margin irregularly undulate coarsely toothed, large teeth angular, stiffly mucronulate, apex retuse or subtruncate, triangular-rostrate-acute at center. Uppermost leaves reduced to bracteal leaf; bracteal leaves linear, 68 mm. Capitula very numerous, apically in a branched panicle; rachis and peduncles densely yellow-brown capitate-stipitate glandular hairy; peduncles 613 mm, slender, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 1011 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 4, green, linear or linear-lanceolate, 0.51 mm, outside sparsely capitate stipitate glandular hairy, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute. Florets 5, exserted involucres; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers caudate at base. Style arms excurved, apex truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, ca. 6 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug.
* Open places on slopes; ca. 2800 m. Sichuan (Wenchuan).
This species is similar to Parasenecio auriculatus, but differs in the shape of leaves, indumentum, and the number of phyllaries and florets.
耳叶蟹甲草 er ye xie jia cao
Cacalia auriculata A. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 329. 1837; C. auriculata var. ochotensis Komarov; Hasteola auriculata (A. de Candolle) Pojarkova; Koyamacalia auriculatus (A. de Candolle) H. Robinson & Brettell; Senecio davuricus var. ochotensis Maximowicz.
Rhizomes procumbent, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or often curved, 30100 cm or taller, sulcate, glabrous. Radical leaves withered often by anthesis; stem leaves 46, thinly papery; lower leaf petiole 1.52(3) Χ as long as blade, slender, expanded at base only, but without auricle. Lower stem leaves 1 or 2; blade reniform, 24 Χ 47 cm, margin with unequally sized large teeth; apex contracted and long acute or sometimes slightly retuse. Median cauline leaf petiole equal to blade or 24 Χ shorter, basally usually expanded into a small auricle; blade reniform to triangular-reniform, 516 Χ 714 cm, margin with equal large teeth or teeth retuse or indistinctly toothed near base, rarely entire, apex deeply retuse or retuse, often angulate, sometimes long acuminate. Upper leaves same shape as median ones but smaller, triangular or oblong-ovate, shortly petiolate; uppermost leaves lanceolate. Capitula very numerous, terminal, arranged in 4.515 cm, narrow racemes, rarely shortly branched in lower part, or few racemose; peduncles pendulous, 1.55 mm or 79 mm in lower part, slender, glandular hairy and puberulous, with setiform or lanceolate bractlets; bractlets ca. 2 mm. Involucres purple or purple-green to green, cylindrical; phyllaries 5, rarely 4, oblong, 48 mm, outside subglabrous, apically slightly acute. Florets 47; corolla yellow, 68 mm; tube ca. as long as limb. Anthers exserted from corollas, basally sagittate. Style arms apically truncate, papillose. Achenes yellowish, cylindrical, 3.55 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr. Sep.
Forest understories, forest margins; 14001600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
长白蟹甲草 chang bei xie jia cao
Hasteola praetermissa Pojarkova, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 20: 386. 1960; Cacalia praetermissa (Pojarkova) Pojarkova.
Rhizomes ascending or procumbent, 515 mm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, green or purple-tinged, 50150 cm tall, sulcate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Leaves densely crowded; lower leaves 1 or 2, long petiolate, reniform, smaller, withered by anthesis. Median stem leaves 3 or 4; petiole 24 Χ shorter than blade, ± winged, basally expanded into a 1.52 cm wide auricle, subamplexicaul; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially dark green, narrowly reniform, rarely triangular-reniform, 715 Χ 1224 cm, both surfaces glabrous, basally 3-veined, divaricate branched near base, veins prominent abaxially, base cordate or subhastate, margin unequally undulate-toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex contracted into acute large teeth, with 2, rarely similar acute teeth. Upper leaves 1 or 2, triangular or triangular-reniform, very small, base truncate or cuneate, margin usually 3-toothed or nearly so, usually 3-toothed or nearly 3-lobed. Capitula numerous, laxly or densely narrowly paniculate at apices of stems, branched in upper or middle part; branches racemose, (1.5)27 cm; lower branches ascending, to 10 cm, distinctly shorter than rachis; bracteal leaves lanceolate-linear, 820 mm; uppermost leaves setose, lower ones same as upper stem leaves. Capitula pendulous at anthesis; peduncles 38 mm, slender, puberulous, with 24 setose bractlets. Involucres cylindrical; phyllaries 5, green or reddish, narrowly linear, (6)812 Χ 11.5 mm, slightly shorter than corolla, apex rather acute or obtuse. Florets 58; corolla 89 mm, with 35 mm tube and campanulate-tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes brownish, cylindrical, ca. 6 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 78 mm, Fl. Aug, fr. SepOct.
Forest understories, river sides; 9001400 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin (Changbai Shan) [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
甘肃蟹甲草 gan su xie jia cao
Rhizomes short and stout, 1015 mm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 6080(100) cm, striate, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, long naked in lower part. Leaves long petiolate, lower leaves fallen by anthesis, median stem leaves papery; petiole 58 cm, basally expanded into an ovate or rounded amplexicaul auricle; auricles 1.52.5 cm wide, entire or laxly toothed, sparsely puberulous; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, triangular-hastate, 913 Χ 914 cm, abaxially puberulous on veins, adaxially sparsely adpressed puberulous, basally 5- or 6-veined, lateral veins upward divaricate, branched, veins convex abaxially, concave adaxially, base hastate-cordate, apex acute or acuminate; central lobes large, lateral lobes triangular, upper ones long, lower ones smaller, margin irregularly undulate-toothed, teeth mucronulate. Upper leaves similar, like median stem leaves but smaller, shortly petiolate; uppermost leaves triangular-hastate to lanceolate, with broad amplexicaul auricle or sessile. Capitula numerous, apically or in upper axils racemose-paniculate; rachis and peduncles with capitate-stipitate glandular hairs; peduncles 12 mm, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets; involucres cylindrical, 67 Χ ca. 2 mm; phyllaries 5, purple-red, linear or linear-lanceolate, 0.51 mm, outside sparsely glandular or subglabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically rather acute or obtuse. Florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, 67 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, 34 mm, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate-papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm, Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Forest understories on slopes, thickets, shaded places by canals; 13002500 m. Gansu, Shaanxi.
耳翼蟹甲草 er ye xie jia cao
Cacalia otopteryx Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1132. 1936; Koyamacalia otopteryx (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes not dilated, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, often purple in lower part, 70100 cm tall, glabrous. Lower leaves withered by anthesis; stem leaves 46, long petiolate; petiole with 510 mm wide wings, expanded into an amplexicaul large auricle; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, broadly ovate-cordate or broadly cordate, 1016 Χ 1119 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, adaxially sparsely brown glandular, basally 3-veined, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, upward divaricate, base cordate, margin irregularly undulate-serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or shortly acute. Capitula numerous, terminal, compound-racemose; rachis and peduncles glandular puberulous, with 1 or 2 lanceolate-subulate bractlets at base of peduncles; bractlets 18 mm, spreading or pendulous. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 57 Χ 22.5 mm; phyllaries (3)5, oblong-lanceolate, 67 Χ 11.5 mm, outside with paleaceous short hairs, margin scabrous, apically obtuse. Florets 3(5); corolla yellow-white, 78 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. and fr. JulSep, fr.??.
* Forest understories on slopes, forest margins, shaded places in thickets; 14002800 mm. Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
This species is similar to Parasenecio profundorum but differs by the shape of leaves and petioles broadly winged, expanded at the base, and an amplexicaul auricle.
高能蟹甲草 gao neng xie jia cao
Cacalia nokoensis Masamune & Suzuki, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 51. 1930; Koyamacalia nokoensis (Masamune & Suzuki) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes obliquely ascending. Stem solitary, 4580 cm tall, erect, 23.5 mm in diam., glabrous below, densely shortly crisped-pubescent; branchlets spreading. Basal and lower leaves fallen in anthesis. Stem leaves numerous, petiolate in median leaves; petioles 2.55 cm, not winged, usually with axillary buds at base, sparsely shortly crisped-pubescent; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, hastate-triangular, 413 Χ 4.510 cm, both surfaces scaly and shortly hairy, base ± cordate, margin denticulate, apex acuminate or long acuminate; lateral lobes acuminate. Upper leaves smaller; uppermost leaves linear. Capitula more numerous, terminal, arranged in panicles, 810 mm wide; peduncles 410 mm; with 1 or 2 linear bractlets, crisped-hairy. Involucres cylindrical, not calyculate, 710 Χ 47 mm; phyllaries 7 or 8, linear-oblong, outside densely shortly crisped-hairy, margin narrowly scabrous, apically obtuse. Florets 1013; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with 2.53 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apex angularly thickened. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally sagittate-caudate. Style arms excurved, apex obtuse, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 8 mm, fragile. Fl. AugOct, fr.??.
* Forest margins on slopes; ca. 2900 m. Taiwan.
This species is similar to Parasenecio hastatus in aspect, but differs by its leaves not winged, with axillary buds at the base of petioles; phyllaries 7 or 8; florets 1013.
戟狀蟹甲草 ji zhuang xie jia cao
Rhizomes 1015 mm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 80100 cm tall, striate, long naked below, sparsely glandular shortly pubescent, densely so in upper part. Leaves crowded, long petiolate; lower leaves fallen in anthesis; median leaf petioles not winged, 610 cm, expanded at base, but not amplexicaul, sparsely or densely glandular shortly pubescent, sometimes with axillary ovoid scale buds; blade abaxially pale green or gray-green, adaxially dark green, broadly triangular-hastate or ovate-triangular, 1015 Χ 1215 cm, thinly papery, abaxially densely glandular shortly pubescent on veins, adaxially adpressed hispidulous, basally 35-veined, lateral veins upward divaricate and reticulate, base broadly cordate or hastiform, apex long acuminate or caudate; lateral lobes broadly triangular, margin with long mucronulate teeth. Upper leaves smaller, similar, as the median leaves, or ovate-triangular, shortly petiolate; uppermost narrowly triangular to lanceolate, small. Capitula numerous apically and in upper leaf axils in lateral racemes or panicles; rachis and peduncles 12 mm or capitula subsessile, densely capitate-stipitate glandular hairy; peduncles with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 1011 Χ 34 mm; phyllaries 5, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, outside sparsely or densely glandular puberulous, margin ciliate, narrowly scarious, apically rather acute or obtuse. Florets 5, often longer than involucres; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus brown, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Sep, fr.??.
* Riversides in valleys; ca. 2400 m. Yunnan (Lijiang).
无毛蟹甲草 wu mao xie jia cao
Cacalia subglabra C. C. Chang, Sunyatsenia 6: 19. 1941.
Rhizomes procumbent, with fascicled fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, ca. 50 cm tall, 46 mm in diam. at base, angulate, subglabrous except on inflorescence branches, paniculate inflorescences branched above, upward subcurved. Basal leaves withered and fallen in anthesis. Lower cauline leaf petioles 46.5 cm, not winged, hispidulous, rather expanded at base, but without auricle; leaf blade triangular-hastate, 7.515 Χ 1018 cm, base broadly cordate or subcordate, shortly decurrent, margin with fine or stout teeth, teeth triangular, mucronulate, apex long acute or acuminate; lateral lobes furcate, acute or 2-lobulate; basal lobes longer, narrowly triangular. Upper stem leaves similar, gradually smaller. Uppermost leaves shortly petiolate, sometimes ovate or narrowly ovate, basally 3-veined, palmately divaricate, connected before margins, lateral and reticulate veins slightly prominent on both surfaces, base rounded. Capitula numerous, terminal and in upper leaf axils, pyramidal-paniculate; inflorescence branches spreading, sparsely or densely yellow pubescent; peduncles 1.52 mm, hispidulous, basally with linear-lanceolate bractlets; bractlets 37 mm, rarely to 15 mm or shorter than 3 mm. Involucres cylindrical, 911 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, outside pubescent, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute. Florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, often exserted involucres, with 3.54.5 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apically sparsely puberulous. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, to lobes of corolla. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep.
* River sides, thickets on slopes; 13001500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan.
川鄂蟹甲草 chuan e xie jia cao
Senecio vespertilio Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 359. 1894; Cacalia vespertilio (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti.
Plants 90120 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, distinctly sulcate, simple, glabrous in lower part, sparsely hispidulous and brown glandular hairy. Leaves few, long petiolate; petiole 1520 cm, stout, not winged, shortly hairy and brown glandular hairy above; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, pentagonous-reniform, 2022 Χ ca. 30 cm, abaxially hispidulous on veins, adaxially sparsely hispidulous, basally 79-veined, lateral veins upward furcate and laxly reticulate, base broadly deeply cordate, margin undulate-toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex shortly acute or rounded. Upper leaf petioles short, ca. 10 cm; leaf blades cordate or pentagonous-cordate, smaller, margin undulate-dentate, teeth mucronulate, apex hornlike acuminate. Capitula numerous, terminal, arranged in panicle ca. 50 Χ 20 cm, spreading at anthesis; peduncles 2.53.5 cm, slender, with 2 or 3 linear bractlets, sparsely puberulous and brown glandular hairy. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 1.31.5 cm Χ 57 mm; phyllaries 8(or 9), olivaceous, oblong-lanceolate, outside sparsely puberulous and glandular hairy, margin narrowly scarious, apically acuminate or acute. Florets 1619; corolla yellow, 810 mm, with 33.5 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically puberulous. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, penicillate-papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 9 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Forest margins, canal sides, shaded places on mountains; 12002400 m. Chongqing (Chengkou), W Hubei (Shennongjia).
兔儿风花系 tu er feng hua xi
Leaves polygonal or reniform, 57-lobed or coarsely toothed. Capitula many, small, sessile or with very short peduncles. Involucres cylindrical; phyllaries 25. Florets 35. Pappus white or yellowish brown.
两似蟹甲草 liang shi xie jia cao
Rhizomes robust, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, 80150 cm tall, sparsely hairy or glabrous below, adpressed shortly pubescent in upper part. Leaves long petiolate; petiole not winged, 1018 cm, glabrous; blade abaxially green, adaxially pale green, polygonal or reniform-triangular, abaxially sparsely shortly hairy, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, 57-veined, lateral veins divaricate-branched, base cordate or truncate, margin undulate-toothed, apex acute. Upper leaves smaller, shortly petiolate. Uppermost leaves narrowly ovate, bractlike, entire or laxly denticulate. Capitula small, very many, terminal and in upper leaf axils, arranged in ca. 10 cm, branched, broad panicles, sessile or subsessile, often with 1 subulate bractlet; rachis puberulous or subglabrous below. Involucres cylindrical, ca. 5 Χ 1 mm; bracts 3 or 5, rarely 4, distinctly striate, linear, subleathery, glabrous, barbate, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 3 or 5, rarely 4; corolla white, 45 mm with slender tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes brownish, cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous. Pappus sordid-white or yellow-brown, 45 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Forest understories, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on slopes, valleys; 12002400 m. Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
1a.. Leaves papery; phyllaries and florets 3, rarely 4 ........................................... 18a. var. ambiguus
1b.. Leaves thickly papery, petioles stout; phyllaries and florets 5, rarely 4 .......... 18b. var. wangianus
两似蟹甲草 (原变种 ) liang shi xie jia cao (yuan bian zhong)
Cacalia ambigua Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 528. t. 22. 1934; C. tsincingensis Handel-Mazzetti, p.p. quoad specimen R. P. Licent 2702; Koyamacalia ambigua (Y. Ling) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Leaves papery. Phyllaries and florets 3, rarely 4.
* Forest understories, forest margins, thickets, grasslands on slopes; 12002400 m. Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
vernacular name??
Cacalia ambigua Y. Ling var. wangiana Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 5: 14. 1937.
Leaves thickly papery; petioles stout. Phyllaries and florets 5, rarely 4.
* Valleys; ca. 1700 m. Shanxi (Hoxian - spelling??).
兔儿风蟹甲草 tu er feng xie jia cao
Senecio ainsliaeiflorus Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 361. 1894; Cacalia ainsliaeiflora (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; C. leucanthema (Dunn) Y. Ling; Koyamacalia leucanthema (Dunn) H. Robinson & Brettell; S. leucanthemus Dunn.
Rhizomes robust, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 60100 cm tall, striate, glabrous below, yellow-brown puberulous in upper part and on branches of inflorescences. Lower leaves fallen by anthesis. Median leaves 58, long petiolate; petiole 510 cm, not winged; blade cordate-reniform or orbicular-reniform, 812(20) Χ 812(20) cm, abaxially shortly pubescent on veins, adaxially laxly adpressed shortly hairy or subglabrous, veins abaxially prominent, basally 5-veined, lateral upward furcately branched, base broadly cordate or subtruncate, margin often 57-triangularly lobed, irregularly serrate, apex acute. Upper leaves homomorphous as the lower, but smaller, broadly ovate, 35-lobed, shortly petiolate. Capitula small, numerous, terminal or in upper leaf axils, racemose or compound-racemose; inflorescence branches spreading; peduncles short or very short. Involucres cylindrical, 68 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 5, linear or linear-lanceolate, outside glabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse or rounded, puberulous. Florets 5; corolla white, ca. 8 mm, with ?? slender tube, and broadly tubular limb; lobes triangular-lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white or sordid-white, 56 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Forests margins, forest understories, thickets, grasslands on slopes; 1500-2600 m. Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan.
This species differs from Parasenecio ambiguus by its capitula peduncles, phyllaries and florets 5. Pappus white.
康县蟹甲草 kang xian xie jia cao
Cacalia kangxianensis Z. Y. Zhang & Y. H. Gou, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(1): 130. 1983.
Rhizomes unknown. Stem solitary, erect, ca. 70 cm tall, striate, glandular hairy, naked below, with 1 or 2 large leaves at middle. Leaves long petiolate; petiole not winged, 910 cm; blade suborbicular, ca. 15 Χ 17 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or subglabrous, basally 7-veined, lateral veins upward furcately branched, base cordate, triangularly 7-lobed, margin mucronulate-denticulate, apex acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, very small. Capitula few, usually at apex of stem in lax racemes or compound racemes, to 10 cm; peduncles 12 mm, sparsely arachnoid, with 1 or 2 bractlets. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 67 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-lanceolate, outside subglabrous, with veinlets, margin scarious, apically acute. Florets 5; corolla yellow, 56 mm, with slender tube and tubular-campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, ca. 4 mm, basally caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 11.5 mm (immature), glabrous, ribbed. Pappus pale yellow-brown, 56 mm. Fl. and fr. JulSep.
* Forest understories on slopes; ca. 1400 m. Gansu (Kangxian).
红缨系 hong ying xi
Petiole not winged, not expanded at base; leaf blade broadly triangular or hastiform. Involucres campanulate or narrowly campanulate; phyllaries 712. Florets 838. Pappus red-brown.
矢镞叶蟹甲草 shi zu ye xie jia cao
Senecio rubescens S. Moore, J. Bot. 13: 228. 1875; Cacalia rubescens (S. Moore) Matsuda.
Plants 5080(100) cm tall. Stems erect, green or sometimes purple tinged, distinctly striate, glabrous, simple. Basal leaves fallen at anthesis. Lower and median leaves long petiolate; petiole not winged, 34.5 cm, glabrous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, broadly triangular, 1018 Χ 516 cm, 35-lobed; lobes triangular, basal lobes sometimes rudimentary, both surfaces glabrous or puberulous on veins, base cuneate or truncate, margin stiffly mucronulate-denticulate, apex acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, gradually smaller upward. Uppermost leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, 510 Χ 36 cm, apex acuminate. Capitula numerous, terminal or in upper leaf axils in furcate broad panicle; peduncles ascending, 515 mm, stout, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 11.2 cm Χ 510 mm; phyllaries 7 or 8(10), oblong or oblong-lanceolate, outside glabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse or rather acute. Florets 810; corolla yellow, 78 mm, with ca. 3 mm tubular tube and limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, obtuse or truncate, papillose. Achenes yellowish brown, cylindrical, ca. 6 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white or reddish brown, ca. 7 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Forest understories, forest margins, thickets in valleys; 8001400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi.
天目山蟹甲草 tian mu shan xie jia cao
Cacalia matsudae Kitamura, J. Jap. Bot. 20: 196. 1944; Koyamacalia matsudai (Kitamura) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Stems robust, erect, distinctly striate, green or purple above, to 120 cm tall, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. at base, branched above; branches ascending or spreading, often divaricate. Leaves long petiolate; petiole ca. 10 cm, not winged, glabrous; lower leaves fallen by anthesis; median stem leaves large; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, broadly pentagonous or hastiform, 1520(30) Χ 825 cm; terminal lobes large, apically acute; lateral lobes narrowly triangular, small, obscurely angled, both surfaces glabrous, basally 3-veined, veins upward furcately branched, base broadly cuneate or truncate, margin mucronulate-denticulate. Capitula many, 22.5 cm when dry, terminal or upper leaf axils, arranged in broad panicles; peduncles 2.55 cm, stout, apex often dilated; bractlets 1 or 2, linear or linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Involucres campanulate, 1.31.5 Χ 1.72 cm, not calyculate at base; phyllaries 12, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subequal, sometimes ± adnate, outside puberulous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets ca. 38; corolla yellow, with slender, ca. 3 mm tube and limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally sagittate. Style arms excurved, obtuse, slightly dilated, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, ca. 6 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus sordid red-brown, ca. 9 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Roadsides, by canals on slopes; ca. 1000 m. Anhui, Zhejiang (Tianwushan).
单花组 dan hua zu
Sect. Eucacalia A. de Candolle Ser. Monanthae Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 237. 1938.
Leaves ovate-triangular, ovate-cordate, or cordate, densely arachnoid, basally 3-veined or palmately 57-veined. Phyllaries 25. Florets 113. Pappus white.
阔柄蟹甲草 kuo bing xie jia cao
Senecio latipes Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 356. 1894; Cacalia latipes (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia latipes (Franchet) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes robust, ca. 2 cm in diam., with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or curved below, green or purple-tinged below, striate, 50100 cm tall, sparsely shortly pubescent or subglabrous, simple or inflorescence branched. Leaves few; petiole 35 cm, basally expanded into an amplexicaul auricle; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, ovate-triangular or broadly triangular, 810 Χ 1014 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially densely or sparsely arachnoid, or hairs ± fallen, rarely shortly pubescent on veins, adaxially adpressed hirsutulous, base truncate or cuneate-decurrent into a broad or narrow wing, margin irregularly serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or acuminate. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, gradually smaller upward, triangular or triangular-lanceolate. Uppermost leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, margin subentire or finely 1- or 2-toothed. Capitula numerous, terminal or upper leaf axils in racemes or compound racemes, lateral, at first spreading, pendulous at anthesis; peduncles 23 mm, with 13 linear bractlets, arachnoid or subglabrous. Involucres cylindrical, 68(10) mm; phyllaries 3, oblong-lanceolate, outside glabrous, margin ciliate, narrowly scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute. Florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, 67 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube, and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Under Abies forests, forest margins, thickets; 32004100 m. SW and W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
丽江蟹甲草 li jiang xie jia cao
Cacalia lidjiangensis Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1130. 1936.
Rhizomes shortly robust, 1.52 cm in diam., with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, usually red-purple below, distinctly striate, (30)4565 cm tall, often long naked except for few brown ovate scales, sparsely arachnoid at middle part. Leaves usually at middle to upper part; petiole ca. as long as or shorter than blade, slender or expanded to 415 mm in diam. rounded auricle; blade adaxially green, thin, triangular or hastiform-triangular, (5)610 Χ 511 cm, abaxially densely white arachnoid-tomentose except on veins, adaxially densely hispidulous, veins furcate at base, lateral veins connected reticulately, abaxially prominent, base truncate or subcordate, cuneate-decurrent into narrow or broad petiole, subamplexicaul, margin equally deeply undulate-toothed, teeth mucronate, apex acute or acuminate, mucronulate. Upper leaves smaller, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, shortly petiolate. Capitula 1218, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in racemes or compound-racemes; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm; peduncles 25(10) mm, pendulous, white arachnoid. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 810 Χ 25 mm; phyllaries 68, linear-lanceolate, ca. 10 Χ 1.52 mm, glabrous, few veined, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse, barbate; bractlets ca. 1/3 shorter than phyllaries. Florets 912(14); corolla yellow, or rarely orange-yellow, 89 mm, with slender 34 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apically obtuse. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Under Pinus or Picea forests on slopes; 34003500 m. Yunnan (Lijiang).
大理蟹甲草 da li xie jia cao
Senecio taliensis Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 357. 1894; Cacalia taliensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti.
Rhizomes subglobose, short, with many tomentose, fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, 2540 cm tall, slender, simple or sometimes laxly branched above, sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, often naked in lower part. Leaves lax at middle to upper part, long petiolate; petiole not winged, 35(8) cm, sparsely arachnoid or hairs fallen later, not expanded at base; blade adaxially dark green, broadly ovate or ovate-oblate, 35 Χ 3.56(7) cm, membranous or submembranous, abaxially densely white or gray-white tomentose, adaxially densely or sparsely hispidulous, veins abdaxially?? prominent, basally 5-veined, lateral veins upward branched, base truncate or subcordate, margin inconspicuously undulate or irregularly triangular coarsely toothed, rarely subentire, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or obtuse. Upper leaves smaller, ovate or ovate-triangular, shortly petiolate. Capitula 57, terminal or upper leaf axils, arranged in racemes or compound-racemes; peduncles spreading or pendulous by anthesis, short, (3)57 mm, slender, arachnoid, with 1 or 2 linear or linear-lanceolate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ 22.5 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-lanceolate, 1.32 mm wide, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse, ciliate. Florets (6)8 or 9; corolla yellow, 78 mm, with 2.53 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes linear-lanceolate, 1.52 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 44.5 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Open slopes, under Abies forests; 30003400 m. Yunnan (Dali, Zhongdian).
This species is similar to Parasenecio lidjiangensis but differs in having leaves 3 or 4, crowded at the middle; blade orbicular or broadly ovate, abaxially densely white arachnoid-tomentose, petiole not winged, not expanded at the base.
九龙蟹甲草 jiu long xie jia cao
Rhizomes procumbent or ascending, slender, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, scapiform, 3035 cm tall, slender. Leaves 3 or 4, crowded near base, long petiolate, persistent at anthesis; petiole not winged, (3)46 cm, glabrous, base slightly expanded, subamplexicaul; blade broadly ovate-cordate or cordate, papery, abaxially green, laxly hispidulous or subglabrous, ciliate, abaxially becoming purple-red when dry, glabrous, basally 35-veined, lateral veins upward furcately branched, base cordate or subtruncate, margin undulate-toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex obtuse or slightly acute, mucronulate. Capitula 810, in upper part of stem, arranged in spicate racemes; peduncles 24(5) mm, with 1 or 2 linear or linear-lanceolate bractlets, excurved or pendulous, sparsely arachnoid or hairs ± fallen. Capitula inserted on one side. Involucres cylindrical, ca. 10 Χ 233 mm; phyllaries 5, linear or linear-lanceolate, ca. 10 Χ 0.51 mm, outside glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute or obtuse. Florets 5; corolla yellow, 56 mm, with slender 1.52 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 56 mm. Fl. and fr. SepOct.
* Under Picea forests; ca. 2700 m. Sichuan (Jilong).
盐丰蟹甲草 yan feng xie jia cao
Cacalia teniana Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1129. 1936.
Plants with fascicled tomentose roots. Stem solitary, striate, erect, 5565 cm tall, glabrous, long naked, with few scales. Leaves often crowded at middle of stems. Lower leaf petiole ca. as long as blade or shorter, slender, not winged; blade broadly ovate-triangular or reniform-triangular, ca. 9 Χ 1215 cm, with prominent angles on nearly basal margins, base truncate or slightly cordate, broadly cuneate attenuate into petiole, apex acute or shortly acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, gradually smaller upward, abaxially pale or becoming red-brown when dry, adaxially dark green, triangular or subpentagonous, narrow, papery when dry, basally 3-, rarely 5-veined, lateral veins extended-branched, both surfaces glabrous, veins prominent abaxially, margin cartilaginous-mucronulate-denticulate, apex shortly acuminate. Capitula many, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in lax racemes; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, submembranous; peduncles and pedicels 810 cm, slender. Capitula pendulous; peduncles 35 mm, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, ca. 10 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 3, linear-lanceolate, ca. 10 Χ 1.5 mm, glabrous, with many fine veins, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute or obtuse. Florets 2 or 3; corolla yellow, 810 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes excurved, lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, apically obtuse or slightly acute, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 7 or 8. Fl. AugSep, fr.??.
* Understories of mixed forests; ??elevation. Yunnan.
瓜拉坡蟹甲草 gua la po xie jia cao
Senecio koualapensis Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 356. 1894; Cacalia koualapensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; S. leclerei H. Lιveillι.
Rhizomes short, stout, with tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, 3080 cm tall, simple, brown multicellular villous in lower part. Median and lower stem leaves 3 or 4; petiole not winged, 35 cm, densely brown villous; blade abaxially pale green, sometimes turning purple, adaxially green, broadly ovate-triangular or broadly ovate, rarely rhombic or cordate, 515(18) Χ 615 cm, papery, abaxially especially densely yellow brown villous on veins, adaxially adpressed hispidulous, base truncate or subrounded, rarely cordate, margin usually triangularly toothed, teeth mucronulate, sometimes inconspicuous, apex obtuse or shortly acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate or subsessile, gradually smaller or very small; bracteal-leaflike, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire. Capitula numerous, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in simple or rarely branched narrow panicles; peduncles ca. 2 mm, on one side, spreading, pendulous later, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 68 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-oblong, 11.5 mm wide, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute. Florets 5; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with slender, ca. 3 mm tube and tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm, Fl. AugSep, fr. Oct.
* Understories of mixed forests on slopes; 28003200 m. Yunnan.
五裂蟹甲草 wu lie xie jia cao
Rhizomes ascending or procumbent, with numerous yellow-brown tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or ± curved, 4090 cm tall, sulcate, simple, inflorescence branched above, glabrous. Lower leaves fallen by anthesis; stem leaves many, 58, Median leaves large; petiole not winged, 28(10) cm; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, reniform-pentagonal or pentagonous, (4)610 Χ 514 cm, abaxially arachnoid, fallen later, adaxially adpressed hispidulous, basally 35-veined, base broadly cordate or truncate, shallowly lobed to middle, margin irregularly coarsely toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acute. Upper leaves smaller, shortly petiolate, triangular or narrowly triangular. Uppermost leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, bracteal-leaflike, usually with many globose buds in upper leaf axils and on inflorescence branches. Capitula numerous, arranged in terminal narrow panicles, spreading by anthesis, pendulous after anthesis, peduncles 12 mm, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 78 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5, oblong, outside glabrous, apically obtuse or acute. Florets 4 or 5; corolla yellow, 67 mm, with 2.53 mm tube and broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, shortly caudate. Style arms excurved, obtuse or truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 56 mm, Fl. Aug, fr. SepOct.
Understories of Quercus or Abies forests, alpine meadows; 28004100 m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal].
1a.. Leaves reniform-pentagonal, to triangular, or lanceolate; capitula arranged in narrow panicles 29a. var. quinquelobus
1b.. Leaves ovate, middle lobed, lateral lobes 1/3 part 2-lobed; capitula arranged in broad panicles 29b. var. sinuatus
五裂蟹甲草 （原变种） wu lie xie jia cao (yuan lian zhong)
Prenanthes quinqueloba Wallich ex A. de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 195. 1838; Cacalia pentaloba Handel-Mazzetti; C. quinqueloba (Wallich ex A. de Candolle) Kitamura; Koyamacalia quinqueloba (Wallich ex A. de Candolle) H. Robinson & Brettell; Senecio quinquelobus (Wallich ex A. de Candolle) J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke.
Leaves reniform-pentagonal, to triangular, or lanceolate. Capitula arranged in narrow panicles.
Understories of Quercus or Abies forests, alpine meadows; 28004100 m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, Nepal].
深裂五裂蟹甲草 shen lie wu lie xie jia cao
Cacalia pentaloba Handel-Mazzetti var. sinuata H. Koyama, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 30: 65. 1979.
Leaves ovate, middle lobed, lateral lobes 1/3 part 2-lobed. Capitula arranged in broad panicles.
Understories of Abies forests; 30003600 m. Xizang [Bhutan].
玉龙蟹甲草 yu long xie jia cao
Cacalia rockiana Handel-Mazzetti, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 634. 1937; C. lidjiangensis Handel-Mazzetti var. acerina H. Koyama; Koyamacalia rockiana (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes procumbent, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or slightly curved below, often purple, striate, 3550 cm tall, shortly pubescent or arachnoid in upper part. Leaves usually 5, crowded at middle of stem, paniculate inflorescence branched above. Petiole narrowly winged, 1.52 cm; leaf blade adaxially green, broadly triangular, 69 Χ 46 cm, base truncate or cuneate, middle 3-lobed, central lobe shallowly 3-lobed, lateral lobes shallowly 2-lobed; lobes to 2.5 cm wide, abaxially densely gray-white arachnoid-lanate, adaxially sparsely or densely furfuraceous-hispidulous, palmately veined, margin deeply undulate-toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex acuminate. Uppermost leaves narrowly lanceolate, 3-fid, upward into bracts; bracts purple-tinged, linear, 11.2 cm, acute or acuminate. Capitula more at apex of stem, arranged in lax racemes; peduncles 23 mm, densely arachnoid, pendulous. Involucres cylindrical, 811 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5, pale green, linear or linear-lanceolate 1.52 mm wide, margin ciliate, narrowly scarious, ± purple, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Florets 4 or 5; corolla yellow, 11.1 cm; tube ca. 1/2 longer than limb, slender; limb cylindrical-campanulate; lobes excurved, linear-lanceolate. Anthers?? Style arm??; ovary glabrous. Achenes?? Pappus white, shorter than corolla. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
* Margins of forests on slopes; ca. 2400 m. Yunnan (Lijiang).
川西蟹甲草 chuan xi xie jia cao
Senecio souliei Franchet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, sιr. 8, 3: 165. 1891; Cacalia souliei (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia souliei (Franchet) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes 1.31.4 cm in diam., with numerous tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, often purple-red, striate, (20)3060 cm tall, long naked in lower part, glabrous. Leaves usually at middle and lower part of stem; petiole expanded at base, with incised or divided auricle, subamplexicaul; blade reniform-triangular or broadly ovate, 56 Χ 45 cm, 35-lobed; lobes spreading, lobulate or irregularly toothed, abaxially white arachnoid-tomentose, adaxially densely brown hispidulous, 3-veined, veins abaxially prominent, base truncate or slightly cordate, decurrent into broadly winged petiole, apex acute or slightly acute. Upper leaves smaller, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, incised or lobulate at base. Capitula numerous, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in lax racemose-panicles, spreading, pendulous later; peduncles 25 mm, densely shortly pubescent, with 13 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, ca. 7 Χ 34 mm; phyllaries 5, oblong-lanceolate, 1.52 mm, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute, puberulous. Florets 8, rarely 10; corolla yellow, 67 mm, with slender, ca. 2 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 56 mm. Fl. and fr. AugSep.
* Understories of forests or thickets, grasslands, shaded and humid slopes; 31003700 m. SW and W Sichuan.
轮叶蟹甲草 lun ye xie jia cao
Senecio cyclotus Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 74. 1891; Cacalia cyclota (Bureau & Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia cyclota (Bureau & Franchet) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes robust, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, 80100 cm tall, long naked, or with few ovate scales in lower part, sparsely arachnoid above, subglabrous below, sulcate. Lower leaves fallen by anthesis; petiole expanded into a ca. 2.5 cm?? [25 mm wide??] entire or laxly toothed auricle; blade adaxially green, obovate-spatulate, 510(16) Χ 38(10) cm, papery, lyrate-pinnate-divided; lobes ovate-oblong or obovate, abaxially sparsely or densely arachnoid-tomentose, or hairs ± fallen, adaxially sparsely adpressed shortly hairy, base decurrent into broadly winged petiole, apex acute or shortly acute, unequally triangularly toothed, teeth mucronulate. Upper leaves smaller; uppermost leaves often rudimentary as linear or linear-lanceolate bracts. Capitula numerous, arranged in racemes, or sometimes 1- or 2-branched, lateral, pendulous; peduncles very short, 24 mm, with linear-lanceolate bractlets at base; involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 5 or 6, lanceolate, 810 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, puberulous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 5 or 6(or 7); corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with slender tube and 3 mm, narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. and fr. AugSep.
* Understories of forests on slopes, forest margins, grasslands, roadsides; 22003600 m. W Sichuan.
Similar to Parasenecio souliei but differs in having lyrate-pinnate leaves, petioles with ca. 1.5 cm wide wing, entire or toothed auricle; florets 5 or 6.
蛛毛蟹甲草 zhu mao xie jia cao
Senecio roborowskii Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pιtersbourg, Sιr. 3, 27: 487. 1881; Cacalia adenocauloides Handel-Mazzetti; C. roborowskii (Maximowicz) Y. Ling; C. tatsienensis (Bureau & Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia roborowskii (Maximowicz) H. Robinson & Brettell; S. tatsienensis Bureau & Franchet.
Rhizomes robust, procumbent, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, 60100 cm tall, simple, usually white arachnoid or fallen later. Petiole not winged, 610 cm, sparsely arachnoid; leaf blade adaxially green, narrowly triangular, 813 Χ 810 cm, rachis sparsely shortly hairy or subglabrous, abaxially white or gray-white arachnoid, basally 5-veined, lateral veins furcate-branched, prominent on both surfaces, margin irregularly serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or acuminate. Upper leaves smaller, similar, as the median leaves or narrowly ovate or narrowly triangular, but with short petioles. Capitula numerous, usually apically or in upper leaf axils, arranged in pyramidal lax panicles, on one side, spreading pendulous; peduncles ca. 3 mm, same as rachis arachnoid and shortly pubescent, with 2 or 3 linear or linear-lanceolate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 813 Χ 11.5 mm; phyllaries 3(or 4), rarely 2, yellow-green, linear-oblong, glabrous, few finely veined, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse, puberulous. Florets usually 3 or 4, rarely 1 or 2; corolla white, 810 mm, with fine tube and ca. 3 mm broadly tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, truncate, papillate. Style arms?? Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 78 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Understories of forests on slopes, forest margins, thickets, grasslands; 17003400 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, E Yunnan.
辛家山蟹甲草 xin jia shan xie jia cao
Cacalia xinjiashanensis Z. Y. Zhang & Y. H. Gou, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(1): 132. 1983.
Rhizomes slender, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, 4075 cm tall, arachnoid or hairs gradually fallen. Leaves usually crowded at middle part; petiole 6.58 cm, broadly or narrowly winged; blade thinly papery; median leaves broadly cordate, 810 Χ 1012.5 cm, abaxially sparsely arachnoid on veins, ± fallen later, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base 3-veined, lateral veins furcate, veins prominent on both surfaces, base cordate, margin irregularly sharply serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex shortly acute or caudate-acuminate. Upper leaves smaller; petiole 3.55 cm, narrowly winged, not expanded at base. Capitula numerous, usually arranged in terminal racemes or branched in lower part, to 17 cm; peduncles 37 mm, slender, arachnoid and densely short glandular hairy, with 2 linear or linear-lanceolate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 911 Χ ca. 1.5 mm; phyllaries 3, linear-lanceolate, arachnoid or subglabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 3; corolla yellow, 67 mm; limb broadly tubular; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, ca. 4 mm, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr. Aug.
* Understories of dense forests on slopes; 23002600 m. Shaanxi.
玉山蟹甲草 yu shan xie jia cao
Stem solitary, erect or curved, 4770 cm tall, paniculate-branched above, glabrous below, upper part and branches crisped-pubescent. Leaves papery, sparsely distributed. Lower leaves long petiolate; petiole ca. 12 cm, not winged; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, subtriangular-reniform, ca. 13 Χ 19 cm, abaxially densely lanate, adaxially crisped-pubescent, base cordate, marginal teeth mucronulate, apex acute. Upper leaves smaller, shortly petiolate. Capitula numerous, arranged in terminal panicles; peduncles 13.5 mm, slender, with 1 or 2 subulate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 8.511 mm, calyculate; phyllaries 2, narrowly oblong, 1.52 mm wide, glabrous, apex obtuse. Floret 1; corolla yellow, 8.510.5 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 67 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Summits of mountains; ca. 3000 m. Taiwan (Chiayi - spelling?? - Jiayi is Pinyin spelling!!, Yilan).
深山蟹甲草 shen shan xie jia cao
Senecio profundorum Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 507. 1903; Cacalia profundorum (Dunn) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia profundorum (Dunn) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Rhizomes procumbent, robust. Stem solitary, erect, 50120 cm tall, often naked below, striate, sparsely arachnoid, hairs fallen later, ferruginous-brown glandular, shortly pubescent. Leaves long petiolate; petiole 58 cm, basally subamplexicaul; blade broadly ovate or ovate-rhombic, membranous, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, hairs fallen later, adaxially hispidulous, base truncate or slightly cordate, cuneately narrowed into winged petiole, apex acute or shortly acute, teeth densely mucronulate. Middle stem leaves 1013 Χ 1012 cm, basally 3-veined, lateral veins furcate-branched, veins abaxially prominent. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, smaller. Capitula numerous, arranged in terminal lax panicles; peduncles fine, sparsely glandular shortly pubescent, with 13 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ ca. 3 mm; phyllaries 5, linear-lanceolate, 89 Χ 1.52 mm, glabrous or subglabrous, margin scabrous, apex obtuse, puberulous. Florets 5; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with fine ca. 3 mm tube, broadly tubular; limb lobes lanceolate, 1.52 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 6 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, shorter than corolla. Fl. and fr. AugSep.
* Forest margins on slopes, humid places in valleys; 10002100 m. W Hubei, E Sichuan.
苞鳞蟹甲草 bao lin xie jia cao
Senecio phyllolepis Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 360. 1894; Cacalia hupehensis Handel-Mazzetti; C. phyllolepis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia hupehensis (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Robinson & Brettell; K. phyllolepis (Franchet) H. Robinson & Brettell; Senecio profundorum Dunn, p.p.
Rhizomes robust, with fascicled fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 6090 cm tall, simple, striate or sulcate, arachnoid, long naked below, often purple tinged. Leaves ca. 5, usually crowded at middle part, long petiolate; petiole 812 cm, obscurely narrowly winged or nearly not winged; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate, ovate-triangular, or ovate-cordate, 1016 Χ 810 cm, thinly papery, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, hairs fallen later, adaxially sparsely brown hispidulous, veins prominent on both surfaces, basally 3-veined, lateral veins furcate-branched, base cordate or cuneate, rarely truncate, margin unequally serrulate, teeth mucronulate, apex caudate-acuminate. Upper leaves smaller, ovate, shortly petiolate. Uppermost leaves bracteal, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Capitula numerous, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in racemes or narrow racemose-panicles; peduncles 610 mm, erect or pendulous, shortly hairy, with 2 or 3 unequal bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 810 Χ 34 mm; phyllaries 5(or 6), green, oblong-lanceolate, 810 Χ 1.52 mm, herbaceous, sparsely shortly hairy or subglabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute, puberulous. Florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with fine 34 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved or involute, truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 56 mm. glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 78 mm. Fl. and fr. SepOct.
* Understories of forests on slopes, by canals; 10002500 m. W Hubei, E Sichuan.
紫背蟹甲草 zi bei xie jia cao
Senecio ianthophyllus Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 361. 1894; Cacalia ianthophylla (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti.
Rhizomes short, slender, with few tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect or oblique, 2040 cm tall, slender, glabrous, striate, naked below. Stem leaves usually 2 or 3, crowded at middle part of stem; lower leaves fallen by anthesis, long petiolate, petiole not winged, 57 cm, sparsely arachnoid or glabrous; blade abaxially purple-blue or purple, adaxially green, thinly papery, broadly cordate-orbicular or ovate-cordate, 514 Χ 811 cm, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, hairs fallen later, adaxially sparsely hispidulous, basally 57-veined, lateral veins upward furcate-branched, veins prominent on both surfaces, base deeply cordate, margin unequally serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acuminate or caudate. Capitula numerous, usually on one side, arranged in terminal large panicles, inflorescence branches spreading, glabrous or uppermost hispidulous; peduncles 24 mm, spreading or pendulous, densely shortly hairy. Involucres pink-purple, cylindrical, 1214 Χ 1.52 mm, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically slightly acute. Florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm; tube shorter than limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 8 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
* Mixed or coniferous forests; 14001600 m. Chongqing (Chengkou), W Hubei.
This species is easily distinguished by its having 2 or 3 stem leaves, often crowded at the middle; blade broadly cordate-orbicular, abaxially blue-purple, and the veins conspicuously prominent on both surfaces.
白头蟹甲草 bai tuo xie jia cao
Senecio leucocephalus Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 360. 1894; Cacalia leucocephala (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti.
Rhizomes procumbent, with numerous tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, often purple-tinged, conspicuously striate, 4080 cm tall, naked below, glabrous, white arachnoid or hairs ± fallen later above. Leaves long petiolate; lower leaves fallen by anthesis; petioles 49 cm, not winged, glabrous or subglabrous. Median leaves adaxially green, ovate-triangular or hastate-triangular, rarely cordate, 812 Χ 1814 cm, abaxially white or gray-white arachnoid, adaxially hispidulous, palmately 35-veined, lateral veins upward furcate, veins prominent on both surfaces, base cordate or truncate, margin irregularly serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex shortly acute or caudate. Upper leaves smaller, petioles shorter. Capitula many, terminal and in upper leaf axils, arranged in narrow panicles; peduncles 217 mm, with 2 or 3 linear bractlets, densely tomentose. Involucres cylindrical or cylindrical-campanulate, 810 Χ 45 mm; phyllaries 5, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 810 Χ 24 mm, white lanate, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 1013; corolla yellow, 811 mm, with fine ca. 3 mm tube and tubular limb; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 68 mm. Fl. AugSep, fr. Oct.
* Forest understories, forest margins, grasslands; 12003000 m. Chongqing (Chengkou, Wushan), W Hubei.
Easily distinguished by having stems and leaves abaxially densely arachnoid; phyllaries rather broad, densely white lanate, florets 1013.
长穗蟹甲草 chang sui xie jia cao
Cacalia longispica Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 301. 1938.
Rhizomes robust, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, striate, to 100 cm tall, slender, stiff, strict, branched above, adpressed arachnoid and shortly glandular pubescent. Leaves long petiolate; petiole not winged, 35 cm. Median leaves papery, broadly cordate, 1015 Χ 1720 cm, abaxially gray-white tomentose, adaxially articulately shortly hairy, palmately 5-veined, lateral veins furcate-branched, veins prominent on both surfaces, base cordate, margin deeply undulate-denticulate, teeth sometimes long mucronulate, apex shortly acute or obtuse. Uppermost leaves shortly petiolate, reniform, sometimes with buds in leaf axils. Capitula numerous, terminal and in upper leaf axils, arranged in raceme-panicles, or lateral inflorescences rudimentary, spreading or pendulous; rachis arachnoid, tomentose; bracts linear-lanceolate; uppermost to 1 cm; peduncles 13 mm, usually with 1 bractlet. Involucres cylindrical, 810 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 3 or 4, green, linear, 1011 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Florets 24; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with fine, 23 mm tube and cylindrical-campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Anthers slightly exserted from corolla, ca. 5 mm, basally caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, ca. 5 mm, rugulose. Pappus white. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Thickets, grasslands on slopes; 20003100 m. Sichuan.
珠芽蟹甲草 zhu ya xie jia cao
Cacalia bulbiferoides Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1131. 1936; Koyamacalia bulbiferoides Handel-Mazzetti.
Plants ca. 85 cm tall, with fascicled fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, often becoming purple, stiff, finely sulcate, naked at base, sparsely arachnoid. Leaves lax; petioles 35 cm, not winged; leaf blade adaxially green, broadly triangular-ovate or broadly ovate, 612 Χ ca. 15 cm, herbaceous, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent, adaxially sparsely shortly brown hairy on veins, palmately 57-veined and 1 or 2 lateral veins, base angular-cordate, margin undulate, stoutly toothed, or 911-lobulate, apex obtuse or shortly acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, all of leaf axils with ovoid, ca. 7 mm scaly buds; buds brown, tomentulose. Capitula numerous, spreading, arranged in terminal racemes or compound-racemes, to 40 cm; lower bracts with sparse buds; uppermost bracts to 8 mm; bracts lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, submembranous; peduncles 12 mm, tomentose, with 1 bractlet. Involucres cylindrical-campanulate; phyllaries 5 or 6, lanceolate, 1113 mm, glabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 810; corolla yellow, ca. 1 cm, with ca. 4 mm tube and cylindrical, broader, ca. 6 mm limb; lobes linear, ca. 1 mm, involute. Anthers exserted from corolla, purple when dry, basally caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose, ovary glabrous, cylindrical. Pappus white, shorter than corolla. Fl. Sep, fr.??.
* Moist places in valleys; 10002200 m. W Hubei, Hunan (Hengshan), Shaanxi (Hanzhong).
蜂斗菜状蟹甲草 feng dou cai zhuang xie jia cai
Senecio petasitoides H. Lιveillι, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 360. 1910; Cacalia farfariifolia Siebold & Zuccarini subsp. petasitoides (H. Lιveillι) H. Koyama.
Rhizomes robust, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 100150 cm tall, striate, sparsely arachnoid. Leaves long petiolate, papery; petiole 514 cm, not winged, shortly pubescent or subglabrous; median leaves adaxially green, broadly ovate-cordate, 916 Χ 1220 cm, abaxially densely white arachnoid or hairs fallen later, adaxially sparsely adpressed short hairy or subglabrous, palmately 57-veined, veins abaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, base deeply cordate, margin undulate-, stoutly toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, gradually smaller upward. Capitula numerous, usually arranged in crowded spicate-racemes; peduncles ca. 9 mm, with 3 linear-lanceolate bractlets, arachnoid. Involucres cylindrical, 1.21.4 cm; phyllaries 5, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, margin scarious, apically rounded-obtuse. Florets 58; corolla yellow or white, ca. 8 mm, tube fine, ca. 3 mm, limb broadly tubular; lobes triangular. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 57 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 79 mm. Fl. AugSep, fr. Oct.
* Moist places of forest understories on slopes, grasslands; 17002200 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
黄山蟹甲草 huang shan xie jia cao
Cacalia hwangshanica Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 5: 11. 1937; C. bulbifera (Maximowicz) Matsumura var. piligera Y. Ling; Koyamacalia hwangshanica (Y. Ling) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Plants erect, 2550 cm tall. Rhizomes robust, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., with many fascicled tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, simple, striate or sulcate, sparsely arachnoid, hairs gradually fallen later, naked in lower part, with 2 withered ovate scales. Leaves usually 3 or 4, crowded at middle part; petiole often shorter than leaf blade, petioles in lower part to 9 cm, obscurely narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, base expanded and subamplexicaul; leaf blade adaxially dark green, broadly reniform or ovate-orbicular, 612(15) Χ 815 cm, membranous when dry, abaxially thinly white arachnoid, adaxially sparsely or on veins more densely brown strigillose, basally 3-veined, lateral veins furcate in 35 pairs, veins prominent on both surfaces, base cordate, shortly cuneate, decurrent into petiole, margin deeply undulate or equally finely toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-cordate, smaller, apex acute or slightly acute. Uppermost leaves bractlike, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Capitula many, arranged in 818 cm lax panicles; rachis slender, arachnoid and brown shortly pubescent; peduncles 35 mm or subsessile, with 1 or 2 subulate bractlets. Involucres narrowly campanulate-cylindrical, ca. 10 Χ 1.52 mm, margin broadly scarious, apically obtuse, puberulous. Florets 7 or 8; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb narrowly campanulate, 45 mm; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apex puberulous. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally shortly caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, penicillate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. JunAug, fr. Sep.
* Grasslands at mountain summits, shaded moist places on slopes; 15001800 m. Anhui, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
This species is quite similar to Parasenecio rufipilis in aspect which differs in having petioles and stems red-brown villous; capitula arranged in dense narrow panicles, rachis densely arachnoid, florets 5 per capitulum.
红毛蟹甲草 hong mao xie jia cao
Senecio rufipilis Franchet, J Bot. (Morot) 8: 359. 1894; Cacalia rufipilis (Franchet) Y. Ling; Koyamacalia rufipilis (Franchet) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Plants erect, 6080 cm tall. Rhizomes robust, with many tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, striate, simple, red-brown hyaline villous in lower part, white arachnoid villous in upper part. Leaves long petiolate; lower leaves withered by anthesis; petiole not winged, 510 cm, red-brown villous. Median leaf blades broadly ovate-cordate or reniform, 7.513 Χ 819 cm, with red-brown hyaline glandular hairs, palmately 57-veined, veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base deeply cordate, margin triangularly 5-lobulate or deeply serrate, apex acute. Upper leaves smaller, shortly petiolate. Capitula many, arranged in panicles at apex of stem; inflorescence branches crowded; rachis and peduncles white arachnoid; peduncles very short or subsessile, with 13 triangular bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 1013 Χ ca. 3 mm; phyllaries 5 or 6, linear-lanceolate, shortly brown pubescent, margin scarious, apically rounded-obtuse. Florets 5; corolla yellow, ca. 1 cm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb broadly tubular; lobes triangular. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 5 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 1 cm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Grasslands, thickets, forests on slopes; 11001800 m. Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
This species differs from Parasenecio dasythyrsus and P. bulbiferoides in that the plants are red-brown hyaline glandular pubescent, without scaly buds in leaf axils, capitula more dense, larger; peduncles and involucres red-brown villous.
秦岭蟹甲草 qin ling xie jia cao
Cacalia tsinlingensis Handel-Mazzetti, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 221. 1936.
Plants erect or sometimes curved, 3570 cm tall. Stem solitary, striate, brown arachnoid or glabrate. Leaves long petiolate; petiole 1015 cm, densely brown pubescent, base expanded and amplexicaul; lower leaves withered by anthesis; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, reniform or ovate-cordate, 1015 Χ 1218 cm, thinly papery, abaxially sordid arachnoid and brown pubescent, sometimes subglabrous, adaxially sparsely shortly brown pubescent, basally 57-veined, lateral veins few, upward furcate-branched, veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base deeply cordate or broadly cordate, margin shallowly undulate-lobed at base, apex rounded-obtuse; lobes broadly triangular, obtuse or subrounded-toothed, teeth mucronulate. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, smaller. Capitula many, terminal, arranged in racemes or dense panicles; rachis and peduncle shortly brown pubescent. Involucres cylindrical, 46 mm, base with 1 or 2 lanceolate bractlets; bractlets 515 mm, brown arachnoid, margin entire or sparsely toothed, apex acuminate; phyllaries 5, oblong or linear-lanceolate, glabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 5 or 6; corolla white, 45 mm; tube fine; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally shortly caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 5 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Understories of lax forests, shaded moist places in valleys; 14001800 m. Gansu, Shaanxi.
山西蟹甲草 shan xi xie jia cao
Cacalia dasythyrsa Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 296. 1938; Koyamacalia dasythyrsa (Handel-Mazzetti) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Plants 6590 cm tall. Rhizomes procumbent, with fibrous roots. Stem solitary, strict or slightly curved, striate, long naked, articulate, glandular pubescent or subglabrous in lower part, arachnoid or shortly glandular hairy in upper part. Lower leaves often fallen by anthesis; Median leaves crowded, long petiolate; petiole 714 cm, not winged, glandular hairy; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate-cordate or cordate, 1015 Χ 1320 cm, thinly papery, palmately 7-veined, lateral veins furcate-branched, abaxially sparsely arachnoid and glandular hairy, adaxially brown strigillose, base cordate, rarely subtruncate, basal margin with deeply undulate stout teeth, teeth mucronulate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, very small. Capitula many, apically in dense or lax narrow panicles; peduncles 34 mm, with 13 linear bractlets at base; rachis and peduncles arachnoid and glandular hairy, capitula spreading, pendulous later, arachnoid and glandular hairy. Involucres narrowly campanulate or cylindrical; phyllaries 4 or 5, pale green and nitid, broadly linear-lanceolate, 1012 Χ 1.52 mm, sparsely glandular hairy, margin narrowly scarious, apex slightly acute or obtuse. Florets 5 or 6; corolla orange, exserted from involucre; tube fine, ca. as long as limb, or rather short; limb narrowly campanulate; lobes lanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, penicillate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 23 mm (immature), glabrous. Pappus white, ca. as long as corolla. Fl. and fr. AugSep.
* Grasslands on slopes; 7001200 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
This species is similar to Parasenecio rufipilis in aspect, but differs by its articulate glandular hairs, orange florets, and longer peduncles.
vernacular name??
Cacalia Sect. Delphiniifoliae H. Koyama, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. Biol. 2(2): 168. 1969.
Stem leaves many; blade palmately middle to deeply 57-lobed, palmately veined. Phyllaries 35, rarely 7 or 8. Florets 35, rarely 1014. Pappus white or red-brown.
翠雀蟹甲草 cui jiao xie jia cao
Senecio delphiniphyllus H. Lιveillι, Bull. Acad. Int. Gιogr. Bot. 25. 18. 1915; Cacalia delphiniphyllus (H. Lιveillι) Handel-Mazzetti; C. pilgeriana (Diels) Y. Ling subsp. delphiniphylla (H. Lιveillι) H. Koyama; Parasenecio tongchuanensis Y. L. Chen.
Plants 80150 cm tall; rhizomes not seen. Stem solitary, erect, striate, often becoming purple in lower part, shortly pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves petiolate; lower leaves withered by anthesis. Median leaves 3 or 4; petiole not winged, 46.5 cm, shortly yellow-brown hairy; blade broadly reniform or ovate-reniform, 915 Χ 1118 cm, base truncate, palmately lobed, apex long caudate-acuminate; lobes 57, narrowly obovate or oblong-ovate, sometimes secondarily pinnately lobed, abaxially yellow-brown pubescent, adaxially adpressed shortly hairy, veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, basally 5-veined, lateral veins upward branched, margin sparsely serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex caudate or acuminate. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, small. Capitula many, terminal, arranged in narrow panicles; rachis and peduncle densely glandular shortly hairy; peduncles ca. 1 mm, with 1 or 2 linear or triangular bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 56 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 5, oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, sparsely short pubescent, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute. Florets 5; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb broadly tubular, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Anthers not exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms apically truncate, papillose. Achenes dark brown, cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus brownish, ca. 6 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
* Shaded moist places of forest understories, on slopes; 16003200 m. Guizhou, E Yunnan.
太白蟹甲草 tai bai xie jia cao
Senecio pilgerianus Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5, Beibl. 82): 106. 1905; Cacalia pilgeriana (Diels) Y. Ling; Koyamacalia pilgeriana (Diels) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Plants erect, 60100 cm tall. Rhizomes not dilated, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, striate, glabrous or sparsely arachnoid in lower part, shortly pubescent in upper part and inflorescence branches, long naked in lower part by anthesis. Lower leaves often withered by anthesis; leaves petiolate; petiole not winged, (8)1020 cm; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, reniform or broadly reniform, 1522 Χ 2030 cm, papery, palmately middle to deeply lobed; lobes 57, obovate or oblong, pinnately lobed, abaxially shortly hairy on veins, adaxially adpressed sparsely shortly pubescent, basally 5-veined, lateral veins upward furcate, base cordate or truncate, margin undulately toothed, teeth mucronulate, apex acute. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, smaller. Uppermost leaves very small, bractlike. Capitula many, usually arranged in crowded-branched panicles; rachis and peduncle densely brown shortly hairy, subsessile, with 1 linear-lanceolate bractlet at base. Involucres cylindrical, 56 Χ ca. 1.5 mm; phyllaries 3, linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, striate, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse, puberulous. Florets 3; corolla white or pale yellow, 67 mm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb broadly tubular. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms excurved, slender, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 23 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus yellow-brown, 56 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Forests on slopes, shaded moist places, water sides in valleys; 12002500 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi.
中华蟹甲草 zhong hua xie jia cao
Cacalia sinica Y. Ling, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 5: 7. 1937; Koyamacalia sinica (Y. Ling) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Plants erect, to 1 m tall. Rhizomes short, stout, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, striate, glabrous, naked in lower part, with withered scales or fibrous, with many leaves in lower 1/2. Leaves large; petiole 1012 cm, narrowly winged; leaf blade abaxially pale, adaxially green, reniform or broadly ovate-triangular, 1020 Χ 1224 cm, thinly papery, usually palmately deeply 57-lobed; lobes lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially brown strigose on veins, basally 35-veined, lateral veins furcate near base, veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cordate or subcordate, margin stiffly ciliate and sparsely cartilaginous mucronulate or undulately fine-toothed, apex acuminate; central lobe larger, lateral lobes often 1-lobulate, lobule obliquely triangular. Upper leaves smaller, hastately 3-lobed. Uppermost leaves shortly petiolate, very small. Capitula many, terminal or in upper leaf axils, arranged in large, broad panicles to 1520 cm; peduncles 815 mm, stout; rachis shortly brown hairy, base with 2 or 3 subulate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical; phyllaries 7 or 8, linear-lanceolate or linear, 810 Χ ca. 1 mm, outside glabrous, apex acute, puberulous. Florets 1014; corolla yellow or purple, ca. 8 mm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb broadly tubular, lobes triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally shortly caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, penicillate, papillose. Achenes brown, oblong-cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus red-brown, 78 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Sep.
* Shaded moist places of forest understories on slopes, forest margins by canal sides; 10002000 m. Henan, Shaanxi.
This species is similar to Parasenecio pilgerianus but differs in having leaves palmately shallowly to deeply 57-divided, lobes pinnately shallowly lobed; peduncles very short or subsessile, phyllaries and florets 3 or 4.
掌裂蟹甲草 zhang lie xie jia cao
Plants erect, 50100 cm tall. Rhizomes robust, with numerous tomentose fibrous roots. Stem solitary, striate. Leaves long petiolate; lower leaves fallen by anthesis; petiole not winged, 47 cm, sparsely shortly pubescent or subglabrous; median leaf blade abaxially pale green or gray-green, adaxially green, broadly ovate-orbicular or pentagonous-cordate, 514 Χ 714 cm, abaxially white crisped-hairy or only pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely adpressed shortly hairy or glabrous, pinnate-palmately 57-divided; lobes oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or spatulate, rarely linear, 29 Χ 24 cm, pinnately lobed, or unequally 24-denticulate; terminal lobe larger, lateral lobes narrow and small. Upper leaves smaller, same as middle ones, shorter petiolate. Capitula many, arranged in terminal racemes or lax panicles, spreading or pendulous after anthesis; peduncles 35(7) mm, with 1 or 2 linear bractlets. Involucres cylindrical, 8100 Χ 2.53 mm. Phyllaries 4, green or sometimes becoming purple, linear-oblong, margin narrowly scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 4 or 5, rarely 6 or 7; corolla yellow, 812 mm; tube fine, ca. 3 mm; limb narrowly campanulate, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally caudate. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 56 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. SepOct.
Forest understories, forest margins, thickets on slopes; 24003800 m. SW and W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan].
1a.. Stems, rachis, peduncles, and phyllaries sparsely shortly pubescent or subglabrous; leaves adaxially pubescent only on veins ............................................................................... var. palmatisectus
1b.. Upper stems, rachis, peduncles, and phyllaries shortly glandular pubescent or glandular hairy; leaves adaxially white crisped-hairy .......................................................................... var. moupinensis
掌裂蟹甲草 (原 变 种) zhang lie xie jia cao (yuan bian zhong)
Senecio palmatisectus J. F. Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 128. 1916; Cacalia palmatisectus (J. F. Jeffrey) Handel-Mazzetti; Koyamacalia palmatisecta (J. F. Jeffrey) H. Robinson & Brettell.
Stems, rachis, peduncles, and phyllaries sparsely shortly pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves abaxially pubescent only on veins.
* Forest understories, forest margins, thickets on slopes; 26003800 m. SW and W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan.
腺毛掌裂蟹甲草 xian mao zhang lie xie jia cao
Senecio quinquelobus de Candolle var. moupinensis Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sιr. 2, 10: 40. 1887; Cacalia palmatisecta (J. F. Jeffrey) Handel-Mazzetti var. moupinensis (Franchet) H. Koyama; C. palmatisectus var. moupinensis f. pilipes H. Koyama; C. palmatisecta var. pubescens (J. F. Jeffrey) C. Y. Wu; C. pentaloba var. moupinensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti; Senecio palmatisectus J. F. Jeffrey var. pubescens J. F. Jeffrey.
Upper stems, rachis, peduncles, and phyllaries shortly glandular pubescent or glandular hairy. Leaves abaxially white crisped-hairy.
Forests, forest margins, secondary thickets on slopes; 24002900 m. SW and W Sichuan, E Xizang [Bhutan].
昆明蟹甲草 kun ming xie jia cao
Cacalia tripteris Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 300. 1938.
Plants (30)5090 cm tall. Rhizomes short, stout, 1.52 cm in diam., with numerous brown fibrous roots. Stem solitary, green or base purple-tinged striate, stiff, glabrous. Lower leaves small or withered by anthesis; other leaves usually crowded at middle, gradually smaller. Petiole ca. 1/2 shorter than blade, unequally shortly winged, without auricles at base; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate, 710 Χ 611 cm, both surfaces glabrous, palmately veined, veins distinctly raised adaxially, base slightly cordate, truncate, or broadly cuneate, palmately 37-divided, lobes broadly obovate-spatulate, apex obtuse or slightly acute, terminal lobe ± lobed, lateral lobes 2-lobed or divided, margin sparsely toothed or mucronulate only, thicker in texture. Capitula many, terminal or arranged in upper leaf axils in a branched narrow panicle; branches obliquely ascending; capitula upward arranged in racemes, pendulous, glabrous or sparsely shortly pubescent; bracts of lower part similar to leaves, but smaller; upper bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, 56 mm; peduncles (2)35 mm, slender, with 13 subulate-linear bractlets, pendulous. Involucres cylindrical, 89 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 3, pale brown, linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 79 Χ 11.5 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin narrowly or broadly scarious, apically obtuse or slightly acute, puberulous. Florets 3 or 4; corolla yellow, 67 mm; limb broadly tubular; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally long caudate. Style arms truncate, papillose. Achenes yellow-brown, cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 5 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr. Oct.
* Lax forests or grasslands on slopes; 19003100 m. Yunnan.
This species is similar to Parasenecio palmatisectus but differs by having thicker leaves, the type of division of leaves, and the number of phyllaries and florets.
假橐吾属 jia tuo wu shu
Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes robust, short, with many fibrous roots. Stem with relict petioles at base. Leaves alternate, papery, basal leaves persistent by anthesis, long petiolate, oblong-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, base cuneate, decurrent into winged petiolate, petiole basally expanded, and subamplexicaul, but not vaginate. Median leaves similar, as the lower, smaller, shortly petiolate; petiole winged, gradually expanded from middle to base into leaflike ovate auricles, amplexicaul. Capitula discoid, in terminal racemes; peduncles with 2 bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 1.52 mm in diam., not calyculate; phyllaries, uniseriate, 4, linear-lanceolate, margin narrowly scarious. Receptacle foveolate. Florets 4, discoid, distinctly overtopped by disc, bisexual; corolla yellow, tubular limb narrowly campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, apex acute. Anthers linear, exserted from corolla, basally obtuse, apex with lanceolate appendages, filament collar cylindrical. Style arms excurved, obtuse or truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus purple-brown, uniseriate, serrulate, caducous.
Only one species: endemic to China, in Shaanxi and Gansu.
This genus is not only in aspect, but in the beard-arrangement, closely related to Ligularia, but differs by its petioles winged, expanded and subamplexicaul, at base not vaginate; capitula discoid, in terminal racemes; florets 4, all tubular. The genus is also related to Parasenecio, but differs by its anthers obtuse, not caudate at base, the cauline leaf base with relict petioles, basal leaves persistent by anthesis.
假橐吾 jia tuo wu
Cacalia longispica Z. Y. Zhang & Y. H. Guo (1985) nom. illegit., non Handel-Mazzetti (1938).
Rhizomes short, stout, with many fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 60100 cm tall, green or becoming purple in lower part, striate, arachnoid and shortly pubescent, glabrescent, base often with withered relict petioles; basal leaves persistent by anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 920 cm, basally expanded and subamplexicaul; blade abaxially pale green, oblong-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, 5.513(16) Χ 6.514.5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, or ± fallen later, adaxially glabrous, midvein stout, lateral veins furcate-branched, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base deeply cordate, cuneately decurrent into ca. 1 cm wide winged petiole, margin serrate, apex shortly acuminate or obtuse. Middle stem leaves similar as the lower, but smaller; petiole shorter, broadly winged, base distinctly expanded into ovate, leaflike, amplexicaul, large auricle, margin brown ciliate. Upper leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, base expanded into a denticulate-amplexicaul auricle, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula many, discoid, arranged in terminal 2025(50) cm racemes; rachis and peduncle densely arachnoid and glandular hairy; peduncles 23 mm, with 2 or 3 linear or subulate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, 67 Χ 1.52 mm; phyllaries 4, green or becoming purple, linear-lanceolate, 0.51 mm, sparsely glandular hairy, margin narrowly scarious, apically slightly acute or obtuse, puberulous. Florets tubular, 4, distinctly overtopping involucres; corolla yellow, ca. 6 mm; limb narrowly campanulate; lobes lanceolate. Anthers exserted from corolla, 34 mm, basally obtuse. Style arms excurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes brown, cylindrical, 34 mm, glabrous. Pappus purple-brown or purple. Fl. Jul, fr. AugSep.
* Forests on slopes, grasslands; 15002100 m. Gansu, Shaanxi.
兔儿伞属 tu er san shu
Herbs, perennial, robust. Basal leaves peltate, palmately parted, long petiolate, densely crisped-hairy when young. Cotyledon involute before blade opens; stem leaves alternate, petiole basally amplexicaul. Capitula discoid; florets tubular, many, arranged in terminal corymb or panicles. Involucres narrowly tubular or cylindrical, base with 2 or 3 linear bractlets; phyllaries 5, unequal, inner ones broader, outer ones narrow. Receptacle flat, glabrous, alveolate. Florets pale white to pale red, bisexual, fertile, irregularly lobed. Anthers basally hastate, appendage shortly acute. Style arms elongate, outside hairy, apically obtuse or triangular. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous, many ribbed. Pappus many, unequal or subequal, fine bristly; seedlings with a single cotyledon.
Seven species in E Asia: mainly in China, Japan, and Korea; four species in China.
1a. Capitula arranged in panicles; leaves 1220(25) cm in diam. ...................... 4. S. subglabrata
1b. Capitula arranged in flat-topped corymbs.
2a. Leaf segments narrow, 2.58 mm wide ................................................... 1. S. aconitifolia
2b. Leaf segments usually broader than 8 mm.
3a. Leaves larger, submembranous when dry, inflorescence branches spreading 2. S. australis
3b. Leaves smaller, subleathery when dry; inflorescence branches not spreading 3. S. intermedia
兔儿伞 tu er san
Cacalia aconitifolia Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 37, n. 208. 1833; Senecio aconitifolius (Bunge) Turczaninow.
Herbs, erect, 70120 cm tall. Rhizomes procumbent, short, with many fibrous roots. Stem purple-brown, simple, glabrous. Stem leaves usually 2(or 3). Lower leaves long petiolate, peltate; petiole 1016 cm, not winged, glabrous, base amplexicaul; blade abaxially gray, adaxially pale green, 2030 cm in diam., palmately parted, segments 29, twice 2- or 3-fid, lobes 2.58 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, initially reflexed in closed umbraculiform, densely arachnoid-tomentose, after opening umbraculiform, glabrescent, apex acuminate, irregularly acute. Median leaf petioles 26 cm; blades smaller, 1224 cm in diam.; segments 4 or 5. Uppermost leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, bractlike, lanceolate. Capitula many, discoid, arranged in dense compound corymbs, 67 mm wide; peduncles 516 mm, with few linear bractlets; involucres tubular, 912 Χ 57 mm, glabrous at base, margin scarious. Florets 810; corolla pink-white, ca. 1 cm, with narrow, 3.54 mm tube and narrowly campanulate limb; lobes 5. Anthers purple, basally shortly hastate. Style arms elongated, compressed, apically obtuse, penicillate-puberulous. Achenes cylindrical, 56 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus of capillary bristles, sordid-white to reddish, 810 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr. AugOct.
Forest margins on slopes, roadsides; 5001800 m. NE, N and C China - list provinces!!: Gansu, Guizhou, ??Hebei, ??Henan, ??Jiangsu, ??Liaoning, Shaanxi, ??Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
The roots and whole plants used medicinally to relax and activate the tendons, alleviate pain of the waist and the lower extremities, and to treat injuries.
南方兔儿伞 nan fang tu er san
Herbs, erect, to 1 m tall. Rhizomes robust, with many fascicled roots. Stem solitary, stiff, sulcate, base villous, glabrate, ca. 5 mm in diam. Median leaves laxly arranged; lower stem leaves long petiolate; petiole 38 cm, basally subamplexicaul; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, orbicular, 3040 cm in diam., submembranous, base broadly peltate (ca. 2 cm), palmately parted; segments oblong-lanceolate, lower segment sometimes entire, other segments lobed or linear-lanceolate, 23 cm wide, abaxially shortly pubescent, glabrate, adaxially glabrous, palmately veined, veins raised, distinctly reticulate, margin sparsely serrate, teeth mucronulate, apex acute, rarely 2-fid. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, palmately parted or 2-lobed. Uppermost leaves bractlike, linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 cm, sparsely serrate. Capitula discoid, many, arranged in terminal compound corymbs; branches spreading, 23 cm, rarely to 8 cm, sparsely pubescent; peduncles ca. 6 mm, with 3 or 4 linear-lanceolate bractlets. Involucres cylindrical; phyllaries 5, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 10 Χ 23.5 mm, apex sparsely villous. Florets 10, all tubular, fertile; corolla 910 mm; limb campanulate, ca. 7 mm, lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apex puberulous. Anthers exserted from corolla, basally hastate. Style arms excurved, apically penicillate-puberulous. Achenes cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus of many bristles, white or reddish. Fl. FebAug, fr.??.
* Habitat??; elevation?? Anhui, Zhejiang.
This species is distinguished from Syneilesis aconitifolia by having larger, submembranous, basally broadly peltate leaves, with broader segments, and inflorescence branches spreading.
台湾兔儿傘 tai wan tu er san
Cacalia intermedia Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 66. 191, not (de Candolle) Kuntze (1891); Senecio intermedius Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22: 208. 1906, not Wight, Icon. (1846); Syneilesis intermedia Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 244. 1937. Because of the homonymy Kitamuras S. intermedia is not a new combination but a new name dating from 1837; so his S. hayatae of 1934 takes precedence.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes procumbent, short. Stem erect, 80160 cm tall, ca. 7 mm in diam. in lower part, glabrous, sometimes with bulblets in leaf axils, corymbose-branched in upper part. Stem leaves 2, lower leaves long petiolate, petiole to 20 cm, not winged, base amplexicaul; blade peltate-orbicular, ca. 35 cm in diam., subleathery, palmately parted; segments 59, 2-fid, lobules 1520 mm wide, margin irregularly serrate, apex acute. Middle stem leaves smaller, segments few, shortly petiolate. Upper leaves distant, bractlike, linear-lanceolate, gradually smaller upward, apex acuminate. Capitula many, 810 mm in diam., arranged in terminal compound corymbs; peduncles 516 mm; bracts linear, 34 mm. Involucres tubular, 910 mm, base with 3 or 4 linear bractlets; phyllaries uniseriate, 4 or 5, oblong, glabrous, margin scarious, apically obtuse. Florets 1416; corolla white, 11.3 cm; tube narrow, 45 mm, apex 5-lobed. Anthers black-purple, basally hastate. Style arms elongate, apically triangular, puberulous., Ovary cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus of many bristles, reddish, ca. 1 cm, subequal. Fl. May, fr.??.
* Forest understories; ??elevation. Taiwan (Xinzhu).
高山兔儿伞 gao shan tu er san
Cacalia intermedia Hayata var. subglabrata Yamamoto & Sasaki, J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 3: 242243. 1931; C. subglabrata (Yamamoto & Sasaki) Kitamura.
Stem erect, striate, 5085 cm tall, glabrous, inflorescence branched in upper part, shortly pubescent. Stem leaves 3 or 4, lower leaves peltate; petiole 45 cm, basally white villous at nodes; blade abaxially gray, adaxially green, orbicular, 1220(25) cm in diam., thick, palmately 57-parted, segment obovate, twice 2-parted, lobules lanceolate, 11.5 cm wide, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, margin sparsely acutely toothed, apex acuminate. Upper leaves gradually smaller upward, palmately parted or 3-fid, bractlike, linear-lanceolate. Capitula many, arranged in terminal panicles, ca. 10 Χ 6-8 mm; peduncles 14 mm, densely shortly pubescent, with 3 linear bractlets at apex. Involucres tubular, ca. 8.5 Χ 57 mm; phyllaries uniseriate, 5, oblong, ca. 8.5 Χ 23 mm, thicker, outside glabrous, apically obtuse, puberulous. Florets 68; corolla 89 mm, 5-lobed; tube narrow, 22.5 mm. Anthers black-purple, basally hastate. Style arms elongate, apically puberulous; ovary cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus of many bristles sordid-white, 78 mm. Fl. Jun, fr.??.
* Alpine mountains; ca. 1800 m. Taiwan.
款冬属 kuan dong shu
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes perennial, repent or procumbent. Leaves developed after anthesis; basal leaves ovate or triangular-cordate. Scapes few, with many bractlike leaves. Capitulum 1, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres campanulate; phyllaries 1- or biseriate, equal, lanceolate, apically acuminate. Receptacle flat, glabrous. Florets yellow; ray florets pistillate, numerous, fertile; disc florets perfect, sterile, few; corolla tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers entire or subauriculate at base, filaments apically with equal size cells. Style entire, apically obtuse, stigma papillose. Achenes narrowly cylindrical, 510-ribbed. Pappus of many fine bristles, white.
One species: Eurasian temperate zone and N Africa.
款冬 kuan dong
Plants perennial. Rhizomes long creeping, subterranean, brown. Fruit with stems 510 cm tall, densely white lanate, with scale-shaped alternate purple-violet bracteate leaves. Basal leaves appearing after anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 515 cm, white lanate; blade orbicular-cordate, 312 Χ 314 cm, adaxially densely white tomentose, palmately reticulate-veined, margin undulate, unequally toothed. Capitula solitary, terminal, 2.53 cm in diam., nodding (or drooping) before and after anthesis. Involucres campanulate, 1.51.8 cm at fruiting; phyllaries 1- or biseriate, linear, white villous, glabrate, sometimes black glandular hairy, apically obtuse, often purple-tinged. Ray florets pistillate, many seriate, yellow, radiate; stigma 2-fid. Disc florets few, perfect; corolla tubular, 5-lobed; anthers caudate at base; stigma capitate, usually sterile. Achenes cylindrical, 34 mm. Pappus white, 11.5 cm.
Moist places, forest understories, valleys; ??elevation. E, N, NE, NW China - list provinces!! ??Anhui, ??Hebei, ??Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ??Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Guizhou, ??Nei Mongol, ??Shaanxi, Yunnan, ??Xinjiang, Xizang, ??Zhejiang [India, ??Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; N Africa, SW Asia, W Europe].
The flower buds and leaves are used medicinally for relieving coughs and improving breathing, also as honey plants, widely cultivated in medicinal gardens in China.
蜂斗菜属 feng dou cai shu
Nardosmia Cassini.
Herbs, perennial, subdioecious. Rhizomes as stems robust, node-shaped or at least more robust in lower part. Basal leaves long petiolate; blade broadly cordate or reniform-cordate, margin incised or basally lobed, parallel to furcate. Stem leaves bract-shaped, sessile, subamplexicaul. Lower leaves often with leaf trace. Capitula radiate or discoid, heterogamous. Involucres campanulate, basally with bractlets; phyllaries 15-seriate, equal. Receptacle flat, glabrous, peltate. Florets in pistillate capitula fertile; corolla filiform, apex obliquely truncate or ± indistinctly radiate, or ray longer; hermaphrotitic florets sterile, corolla tubular, 5-toothed; anthers entire or obtuse at base, or rarely shortly hastate; style apically clavate, conical, 2-fid, style in pistillate florets filiform, 3-fid. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous, ribbed, pappus of many bristles, white.
Nineteen species: Eurasia and North America; six species in China, occurring in NE, E, and SW areas. [# endemic??]
1a. Leaves palmate-pinnately divided (segments not to middle), reniform, terminal segment 3-lobed, segments with incised, mucronulate teeth; involucres ovate-oblong, inflorescences corymbose and densely paniculate; pistillate florets indistinctly radiate ......................................................................... 1. P. tatewakianus
1b. Leaves undivided, angular or toothed, ± reniform.
2a. Capitula numerous, arranged in cymose-panicles or panicles, bracteal leaves ovate-oblong, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate.
3a. Involucres of pistillate capitula campanulate, 89 mm; style exserted from corolla, staminate capitula with peduncles 1015 mm, peduncles of pistillate capitula stout, 715 mm .... 2. P. formosanus
3b. Involucres of pistillate capitula subcylindrical, 1012 mm, peduncles ca. as long as capitula or longer, to 8 cm ................................................................................................... 3. P. tricholobus
2b. Capitula few, racemose or corymbose, rarely 2- or 3-branched in lower part; bracteal leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate.
4a. Leaves papery, reniform, 35.5 Χ 59 cm; capitula 69, arranged in corymbs; peduncles slender, 14(6) cm; involucres obconic, 810 mm, pistillate florets shortly radiate, ray 2- or 3-toothed 4. P. rubellus
4b. Leaves thin, larger, deeply cordate or orbicular-reniform, 35.5 Χ (4)59 cm; capitula 69, arranged in corymb; peduncles ca. 5.5 cm.
5a. Bracteal leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, apex obtuse; capitula arranged in dense, terminal corymbs, racemose after anthesis; phyllaries narrowly oblong, apex obtuse ....... 5. P. japonicus
5b. Bracteal leaves broadly ovate, cauline and lower bracteal leaves lanceolate, apex acuminate, capitula racemose; phyllaries 1115, linear, apex obtuse or slightly acute; ovary hairy 6. P. versipilis
掌叶蜂斗菜 zhang ye feng dou cai
Rhizomes long, creeping, 410 mm. Scapes of staminate flowers ca. 50 cm tall, of pistillate flowers over 50 cm tall, arachnoid-crisped throughout. Bracteal leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, 44.5 Χ 1.51.6 cm, densely crisped, parallel veined, margin entire, apex obtuse. Upper bracts oblong, rudimentary. Leaves all basal, long petiolate; petiole 2030 cm, initially crisped-villous, glabrescent; blade adaxially green, reniform or orbicular-reniform, 1923 Χ 2040 cm, or broader, palmately dissected (not to middle); segments 79, cuneate, terminal segment usually 3-lobed, with mucronulate teeth, abaxially densely white crisped, hairs thin, adaxially crisped-puberulous. Staminate capitula corymbose or paniculate; peduncles 48 cm. Inflorescences of staminate capitula ca. 40 cm, heterogenous; involucres ca. 7 Χ 1014 mm; pistillate numerous, filiform, ca. 6 mm, apex truncate, style ca. 8 mm, 2-fid; staminate florets ca. 6.5 mm, tube narrow, ca. 3.5 mm. Pistillate capitula homogeneous or heterogeneous; ray florets pistillate. Central florets perfect, purplish or white; involucres hemispherical, ca. 10 Χ 10 mm, base with linear-lanceolate bracts; phyllaries uniseriate, imbricate, narrowly oblong, crisped-pubescent, apex obtuse. Pistillate florets fertile, filiform, ca. 10 mm; rays ca. 1 mm, style 2-fid. Perfect florets sterile; corolla tubular, ca. 10.5 mm, tube narrow, ca. 6 mm, lobes ca. 3 mm; anthers basally 2-fid; filaments nodiform dilated; style slightly exceeding corolla, apex clavately dilated, with small ring below stigma 2-fid, puberulous. Achenes cylindrical, 33.5 mm, glabrous, apex truncate. Pappus in pistillate florets white, 912 mm, fine bristly. Pappus in staminate florets few, ca. 7 mm, bristly. Receptacle peltate.
Sandy and stony banks of forest rivers and streams, forming huge thickets; ??elevation. Heilongjiang [Russia (Far East, Sakhalin Islands)].
台湾蜂斗菜 tai wan feng dou cai
Rhizomes long creeping, ca. 1 cm in diam., with many fibrous roots. Stems scapiform, few, fascicled, erect, 2530 cm tall, simple, densely brown shortly pubescent and arachnoid-lanate. Basal leaves long petiolate; petiole 1530 cm, base dilated, glabrous; blade adaxially green, cordate or reniform, 58 Χ 712 cm, abaxially sparsely arachnoid-pubescent especially on veins, adaxially shortly pubescent, basally palmately veined, thicker, base deeply or slightly cordate, margin with mucronulate teeth, apex rounded. Stem leaves sessile, bractlike, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, rarely ovate-oblong, 24(6) Χ 11.8 cm, densely arachnoid, parallel veined, base subamplexicaul, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula numerous, arranged in a paniculate inflorescence; inflorescence of staminate capitula 810 cm wide, of pistillate 78 cm wide; peduncles 520 mm, slender, shortly brown pubescent; bracts 25, linear or linear-lanceolate, 45 mm. Involucres campanulate, 89 Χ 1014 mm; phyllaries uniseriate, purple when dry, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3- or 4-veined, apex acute or acuminate, sparsely puberulous. Florets in staminate capitula chiefly or entirely bisexual; corolla tubular, 710 mm; limb campanulate-funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes ovate, 11.5 mm; anthers basally obtuse; style dilated in upper part, 2-fid below stigma, papillose; corolla in pistillate florets filiform, 89 mm, apex irregularly 4-lobed; lobes linear, unequal, ca. 2.5 mm; style filiform, exceeding corolla, apex 2-fid. Florets few in pistillate capitula, perfect; peduncles 715 mm, stout. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus of many capillary bristles, white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.
* Grasslands on mountains; ??elevation. Taiwan.
This species is similar to Petasites tricholobus but differs in having involucres shorter, pistillate capitula campanulate, 1014 mm; style distinctly exceeding corolla.
毛裂蜂斗菜 mao lie feng dou cai
Ligularia petelotii Kitamura; Petasites himalaicus Kitamura; P. mairei H. Lιveillι; P. petelotii (Merrill) Kitamura; P. vanioti H. Lιveillι.
Plants subdioecious. Rhizomes short, with numerous fibrous roots, thinly arachnoid-lanate. Scapes emerging from rhizomes in early spring. Stems of pistillate inflorescences 2760 cm tall, with scale-shaped leaves; bracteal leaves ovate-lanceolate, 34 cm, basal leaves long petiolate; blade broadly reniform-cordate, 28 cm, both surfaces white lanate, or later ± fallen, palmately veined, margin finely toothed, with cartilaginous mucronulate teeth. Staminate capitula arranged in terminal corymbs or panicles; corolla tubular, segments lanceolate; style exceeding corolla, stigma capitate, slightly branched. Pistillate capitula densely arranged in terminal cymose-panicles, 812 mm in diam.; peduncles 12.5(8) cm, with 1 to few lanceolate bracteal leaves; involucres campanulate, 1012 mm; phyllaries uniseriate, 1012, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, ca. 7 mm, calyculate; corolla apically 4- or 5-lacerate; segments unequal, filiform or subulate; style exceeding corolla, stigma 2-fid. Achenes cylindrical, glabrous. Pappus of many fine bristles in pistillate florets, in staminate few, shorter than corolla.
Roadsides, by streams in valleys; 7004300 m. Gansu, Guizhou, ??Henan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, ??Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Vietnam].
The plants used medicinally as in Petasites japonicus.
长白蜂斗菜 chang bai feng dou cai
Tussilago rubella J. F. Gmelin, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 1225. 1792; Nardosmia saxatilis Turczaninow, nomen; Petasites saxatilis (Turczaninow) Komarov; T. saxatilis Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle.
Rhizomes repent, thin, with fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 525 cm tall, simple, arachnoid in upper part. Basal leaves small, long petiolate; petioles 310 cm, densely crisped-pubescent, base slightly expanded; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, reniform or reniform-cordate, 35.5 Χ (4)59 cm, thickly papery, with short, thick hairs on petiole and especially on veins abaxially, base slightly cordate, margin acutely toothed, teeth emarginate, apex rounded. Stem leaves scale-shaped, ovate-lanceolate, 1.52 Χ 0.51 cm, glabrous, shortly white ciliate on margin, parallel-veined, basally amplexicaul, apically obtuse or slightly acute. Capitula 69, arranged in corymbs; peduncles 14(6) cm, slender, with linear bractlets. Involucres conical, 810 Χ 510 mm; phyllaries biseriate, subequal, narrowly oblong, 11.5 mm wide, glabrous or nearly so, apically obtuse. Staminate florets few, sterile; corolla yellow, ca. 9 mm; tube 3.54 mm; limb campanulate, 5-denticulate, lobes ovate-oblong; style basally 2-fid, stigma branches clavate, apex acute, puberulent. Pistillate florets white, 67 mm, shortly radiate, apically 2- or 3-denticulate. Achenes oblong, 33.5 mm, truncate, constricted at bases. Pappus of many fine bristles, white, 911 mm. Fl. and fr. MayJul.
Alpine regions, adjacent forests, forest margins; 18002800 m. Jilin (Changbai Shan), ??Liaoning [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
蜂斗菜 feng dou cai
Nardosmia japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 181. 1843; Petasites albus A. Gray (1857), non Linnaeus (1753); P. liukiuensis Kitamura; P. spurius Miquel; Tussilago petasites Thunberg.
Rhizomes creeping, with subterranean procumbent branches, with membranous ovate scales, and numerous fibrous roots. Stems 1530 cm tall, basally 710 mm in diam., simple, densely or laxly shortly brown pubescent. Basal leaves long petiolate; blade adaxially green, orbicular or reniform-orbicular, 1530 Χ 1530 cm, papery, abaxially arachnoid, hairs afterward fallen, adaxially crisped-pubescent when young, base cordate, margin entire??, margin finely toothed??. Bracteal leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 38 cm, parallel-veined, apically obtuse, thinly adpressed. Staminate?? scapes with capitula numerous (2030) crowded in a terminal corymb, homogamous; involucres tubular, ca. 6 Χ 78(10) mm, base with lanceolate bracts; phyllaries biseriate, subequal, narrowly oblong, glabrous, apically obtuse; all florets tubular, perfect, sterile; corolla white, 77.5 mm, tube ca. 4.5 mm; anthers basally obtuse; style clavately thickened with small ring below stigma, apex 2-fid. Pistillate scape 1520 cm tall, densely bracteate, often elongated after anthesis, ca. 70 cm tall, in dense corymbs, rarely branched; capitula heterogamous; florets numerous, corolla filiform, ca. 6.5 mm, apex obliquely truncate; stigma distinctly exceeding??, capitate, 2-fid, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus of many fine bristles, white, ca. 12 mm. Fl. AprMay, fr. Jun.
Streamsides, grasslands, thickets; ??elevation. Anhui, Fujian, ??Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, ??Taiwan, ??Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
The rhizomes are used medicinally for treating injuries, trauma, swelling, and fractures, and detoxification of snakebites. The stalk is cultivated as a vegetable, and the young flower buds are delicious.
盐源蜂斗菜 yan yuan fen dou cai
Rhizomes verticillate, with numerous fibrous roots. Flowering scape solitary, 515 cm tall, slender, 34 mm in diam.; bracts broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, abaxially and marginally crisped-hairy, apex long acuminate. Leaves long petiolate, broadly reniform, ca. 2 Χ as long as broad, subleathery, palmately veined, base deeply cordate, abaxially and petiole crisped, glabrate, densely glandular furfuraceous, margin sparsely cartilginous, finely mucronate-toothed. Capitula numerous, arranged in lax racemes. Pistillate capitula campanulate, 1011 mm, narrow; phyllaries brown, 1015, linear, 11.5 mm wide, glabrous, 3-veined, margin broadly brown scarious, apically obtuse or slighty acute, base with few bractlets; peduncles erect or pendulous, slender, apically dilated; florets numerous, exceeding involucres; pistillate florets filiform, 4.57 mm; lobes 5, 0.50.8 mm, style very short, 2-lobed, ovary glabrous. Pappus white, shorter than corolla, connected in a short ring at base; perfect florets tubular; tube fine, 24 mm; limb campanulate, 22.5 mm; lobes ovate, margin involute; anthers very short, base with small auricle, style not exceeding corolla, stigma clavate, ovary hairy. Pappus shorter than those in pistillate florets.
* Alpine grassy slopes, forest understories, thicket margins; 27003200 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
This species resembles Petasites tricholobus in aspect, but differs in having pistillate florets filiform, often 5-lobed, ovary glabrous but ovary in perfect florets hairy.
狗舌草亚族 gou she cao ya zu
!!see description earlier on p. 3
蒲儿根属 pu er gen shu
Senecio Sect. Cyclamifera Kitamura.
Herbs, perennial or biennial, erect, rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous, with fibrous roots. Stems scapiform, subscapiform, or leafy, often villous or arachnoid-tomentose, at least when young. Leaves simple, petiolate, all or mostly radical or both radical and cauline, the radical rosulate, persistent at anthesis except in some species with leafy stems; blade orbicular or reniform to ovate or deltoid, rarely ovate-oblong or elliptic, palmately or rarely pinnately veined, moderately deeply to shallowly palmately lobed, toothed, angled, or subentire, basally cordate to subtruncate or rarely rounded or cuneate; petioles of basal leaves not winged, of stem leaves sometimes winged, base usually expanded into conspicuous, subamplexicaul, entire or toothed auricles. Capitula solitary to numerous, arranged in terminal subumbelliform simple or compound corymbose cymes, heterogamous, radiate, pedunculate. Involucres not or rarely calyculate, obconic to hemispherical or cupuliform; receptacle flat or convex, alveolate or ciliate; phyllaries (7)813(17), linear to ovate, usually lanceolate, apex and on upper margins ciliate or fimbriate-ciliate, margins scarious. Ray florets 618, usually 13; rays yellow, usually oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 410-veined, apically shortly dentate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, limb campanulate, lobes 5. Anthers oblong, basally rounded to obtuse, rarely shortly obtuse-sagittate; filament collars cylindrical, somewhat broader than filament, cells uniform; endothecial cells wall thickenings polar, scattered or radial. Style arms recurved, short, truncate or slightly convex, with papillae. Achenes cylindrical or obovoid, ribbed, glabrous or shortly pubescent on ribs. Pappus capillary, uniform, white, persistent or rarely caducous, present in all florets, absent from ray florets, or absent from all florets.
Thirty-six species, all of which occur in China and only two of which extend into Indochina and Myanmar; in China mainly in the SW region and W Hubei, many species are endemic to a narrow area.
As predicted by Nordenstam (1978), the genus has proved divisible into a number of sections, subsections, and series, which are, however, not recorded here.
??Where does S. denticulatus go?? add to text and key; also Tephroseris changii should be inserted here as Sinosenecio changii (B. Nord.) B. Nord. & Pelser.
[note from C. Jeffrey: Sinosenecio: Liu Ying (PE) is working on the systematic and evolution of this genus, under the supervision of Dr. Q. E. Yang. Perhaps he should see the final draft account of this genus. His email is collettii@163.com]
1a. Pappus absent in all florets or at least in ray florets.
2a. Pappus absent in ray florets only, present in disc florets; ovary and achene pubescent 35. S. oldhamianus
2b. Pappus absent in all florets; ovary and achene glabrous, rarely sparsely glandular.
3a. Stem scapiform, leaves all basal or nearly basal, rosulate.
4a. Leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, pinnately veined, with 6 or 7 lateral veins on each side 15. S. hainanensis
4b. Leaf blade ovate or reniform, base cordate, palmately veined.
5a. Capitula 1 or 2; leaf blade reniform, margin entire to repand-dentate 13. S. homogyniphyllus
5b. Capitula 47 in subumbelliform corymb; leaf blade ovate-cordate, margin acutely triangular-dentate ...................................................................................................... 14. S. chienii
3b. Stems leafy, stem leaves present.
6a. Leaf blade adaxially and phyllaries thinly arachnoid-pubescent at least when young; achenes sparsely glandular ............................................................................. 20. S. phalacrocarpus
6b. Leaf blade and phyllaries not arachnoid-pubescent; achenes glabrous.
7a. Leaf blade deeply palmatisect, lobes oblong-lanceolate, acutely dentate 18. S. palmatisectus
7b. Leaf blade not deeply 79-palmatisect, repand to coarsely dentate or shallowly 59-palmatilobed, lobes broadly triangular or broadly ovate, entire to acutely dentate.
8a. Capitula small; involucres 23 mm in diam.; plants not stoloniferous 21. S. phalacrocarpoides
8b. Capitula large; involucres more than 5 mm in diam., plants usually stoloniferous.
9a. Leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, margin irregularly repand-crenate 17. S. guizhouensis
9b. Leaf blade broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate, shortly 59-palmatilobed; lobes broadly triangular to broadly ovate, margin acutely denticulate.
10a. Phyllaries marginally conspicuously white ciliate in upper 1/3 19. S. leiboensis
10b. Phyllaries marginally not conspicuously white ciliate, glabrous or at most inconspicuously white ciliate or puberulous in upper 1/3 ........................ 16. S. globigerus
1b. Pappus present in all florets, at least when young.
11a. Stem scapiform, leafless or at most with 1 or 2 stem leaves near base, otherwise with only lanceolate or linear bracts or at most at few reduced, bractlike leaves markedly smaller than radical leaves.
12a. Leaf blade elliptical, base cuneate ......................................................... 12. S. trinervius
12b. Leaf blade ovate, reniform, or orbicular, base cordate or truncate.
13a. Pappus hairs few, shorter than corolla tube, soon deciduous ....... 4. S. cyclaminifolius
13b. Pappus hairs numerous, equaling or exceeding corolla tube, persistent.
14a. Achene and ovary pubescent; involucre calyculate, outer bracts 810, ca. 1/3 or more as long as inner ones ............................................................................ 32. S. guangxiensis
14b. Achene and ovary glabrous; involucre not calyculate, if a few outer bracts present, these are much shorter than inner ones.
15a. Leaf blade abaxially densely white tomentose or fulvous-tomentose.
16a. Capitulum solitary; leaf blade thickly leathery or subleathery.
17a. Capitula 45 cm in diam.; involucre obconic-campanulate, densely white tomentose; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, adaxially fulvous-tomentose 2. S. hederifolius
17b. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate, puberulous; leaf blade orbicular or reniform-orbicular ..................................................... 3. S. rotundifolius
16b. Capitula 210, corymbose; leaf blade subleathery to herbaceous.
18a. Leaf blade ovate-cordate, margin shallowly sinuate-dentate; petiole fulvous-sericeous or hirtellous.
19a. Rhizome densely lanate-sericeous; leaf blade palmately veined; phyllaries 8; ray-florets 68 .......................................................................... 1. S. eriopodus
19b. Rhizome with persistent petiole bases; leaf blade pinnately veined; phyllaries ca. 13; ray-florets ca. 18 ........................................................ 23. S. changii
18b. Leaf blade orbicular-cordate, distinctly dentate or lobate.
20a. Plant very short, glabrous or subglabrous; leaf blade reniform,
palmately lobed, lobes ovate-triangular, both surfaces glabrous 22. S. saxatilis
20b. Plant larger, sparsely or densely arachnoid; leaf blade orbicular-cordate or pentagonous, margin broadly triangular-toothed or ovate-triangular lobulate, both surfaces hairy.
21a. Leaf blade usually deeply palmately 7(9)-lobed, abaxially sparsely adpressed-arachnoid ........................................................... 23. S. septilobus
21b. Leaf blade shallowly lobed, abaxially white arachnoid-tomentose 24. S. fanjingshanicus
15b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous to sparsely arachnoid or villous, but not densely tomentose.
22a. Leaf blade reniform, subleathery, to 22 cm wide, veins abaxially prominent, raised and setulose ........................................................................ 5. S. ligularioides
22b. Leaf blade orbicular or suborbicular, to 6 cm wide, or if reniform, then membranous, to 9 cm wide, veins abaxially not as above.
23a. Leaf blade membranous, at least one leaf cauline on lower part of stem 6. S. subrosulatus
23b. Leaf blade papery to subleathery, all leaves strictly basal.
24a. Leaf blade basally truncate................................... 11. S. palmatilobus
24b. Leaf blade basally cordate.
25a. Capitula obconic-campanulate; phyllaries 812, fulvous villous, both surfaces of leaf blade densely villous.
26a. Scapes capitulate, capitula solitary; phyllaries 1012 . 8. S. dryas
26b. Scapes many capitulate; capitula corymbose; phyllaries 810 7. S. villiferus
25b. Capitula hemispherical; phyllaries 1317, ± glabrous; leaf blade sparsely villous to subglabrous.
27a. Capitula 13; rays 1618 mm ...................... 9. S. subcoriaceus
27b. Capitula 37; rays 913 mm ............................ 10. S. bodinieri
11b. Stems leafy, stem leaves usually at least 4, only slightly smaller than basal, rarely fewer.
28a. Achene and ovary pubescent.
29a. Involucres calyculate, outer bracts 810, 1/3 or more as long as inner ones 32. S. guangxiensis
29b. Involucres not calyculate, or, if a few outer bracts present, then much shorter than inner ones.
30a. Leaf blade broadly fan-shaped or suborbicular, subleathery, deeply palmately lobed, lobes apically 2- or 3-denticulate, both surfaces glabrous ....................................... 30. S. wuyiensis
30b. Leaf blade orbicular or suborbicular, papery, margin coarsely or sinuate-dentate, both surfaces hairy.
31a. Stem leaves 1 or 2; peduncles 2.56 mm, glabrous ................... 31. S. latouchei
31b. Stem leaves 4; peduncles ca. 1.5 cm, hairy.
31a. Petioles winged, at least upper leaves basally auriculate; peduncles white tomentose 33. S. jiuhuashanicus
31b. Petioles not winged, leaves not auriculate; peduncles glabrous 34. S. hunanensis
28b. Achene and ovary glabrous.
32a. Plant without stolons, stem leaves usually 1 or 2.
33a. Leaf blade orbicular or cordate, abaxially densely white tomentose, with prominent triangular or ovate-triangular lobes ........................................................... 23. S. septilobus
33b. Leaf blade reniform, abaxially sparsely arachnoid or glabrescent, margin repand or sinuate-dentate .............................................................................. 6. S. subrosulatus
32b. Plant with stolons, stem leaves usually 4, or more.
34a. Petioles basally slightly expanded, but not auriculate; leaves abaxially tomentose; involucres (7)12 mm in diam. ............................................................ 25. S. sungpangensis
34b. Petioles, at least of upper leaves, basally expanded or auriculate, leaves abaxially not tomentose; involucres to 7 mm in diam.
36a. Leaf blade reniform.
37a. Leaf blade deeply to middle 79-lobed ............................... S. fangianus
37b. Leaf blade subentire or margins 57-denticulate ....... 30. S. denticulatus
36b. Leaf blade ovate or orbicular; petioles basally expanded into an amplexicaul auricle.
38a. Capitula small; involucres 2.54 mm in diam.; petioles not winged, basally expanded into a small auricle, auricle ovate or orbicular; plant usually glabrous 27. S. euosmus
38b. Capitula larger; involucres 3.57 mm in diam.; petioles broadly winged, basally expanded into an auricle 35 cm in diam., auricle broadly ovate or orbicular, entire or dentate 28. S. cortusifolius
毛柄蒲儿根 mao bing pu er gen
Senecio eriopodus Cummins, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 18. 1908.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes 56 mm in diam., densely lanate with long fulvous or sericeous hairs. Stem solitary, erect or somewhat flexuous, to 36 cm tall, lanate with fulvous or sericeous hairs, simple or branched above middle. Leaves few, radical, long petiolate; petiole 522 cm, villous with fulvous or sericeous hairs; blade ovate-cordate, 610 Χ 48.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely lanate with fulvous or sericeous hairs, adaxially sparsely sericeous-villous and densely adpressed-puberulous, palmately 79-veined, veins prominent abaxially, obscure adaxially, base cordate, margin repand-dentate with mucronulate teeth, apex acute or subobtuse, mucronulate. Capitula ca. 2 cm in diam., 813 arranged in terminal corymbs; peduncles 24 cm, densely tomentose, ± glabrescent, with a basal linear bract; bracteoles 3 or 4, linear-subulate, membranous. Involucres broadly campanulate, 68 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 8, oblong-lanceolate, 1.53.2 mm wide, glabrescent after anthesis, apex acute, subacute, or acuminate. Ray florets 68, corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 815 Χ 22.5 mm, 4-veined, apically obtuse and 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous, corolla yellow, 611 mm, with 34 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-triangular, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendage ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm, apex truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. AprJul, fr.??.
* Open forests on slopes; ca. 800 m. W Hubei, Hunan.
单头蒲儿根 dan tou er gen
Gerbera hederifolia Dόmmer, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 52: 482. 1912; Cremanthodium hederifolium (Dόmmer) C. C. Chang; Senecio goodianus Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes short, stout, 56 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 1330 cm tall, densely fulvous-tomentose, glabrescent to ± glabrous, simple. Leaves radical, long petiolate; petiole stout, 37 cm, densely fulvous-tomentose; blade adaxially green, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 37 Χ 2.75.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely fulvous-tomentose, adaxially ± glabrous, palmately 57-veined, veins inconspicuous, margin entire or repand-dentate, apex rounded. Capitula solitary, terminal, 45 cm in diam., scape with few linear-lanceolate bracteoles in upper part. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 810 Χ 58 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 15, uniseriate, ovate-oblong or linear-oblong, 810 Χ 2.53 mm, densely white tomentose, glabrescent to ± glabrous, margin broadly scarious, apically acute, purplish and fimbriate-ciliate. Ray florets ca. 10; corolla tube 33.5 mm; rays yellow, oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or oblong, 59-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse to rounded. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, ca. 7.5 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 2.8 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendage ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, 45 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. AprMay, fr.??.
* Understories of Pinus forests on slopes or on limestone areas; 7002000 m. SW Gansu, Hubei, ??Shaanxi, E Sichuan.
This species is similar in leaf shape to Gerbera but completely different in floral structure.
圆叶蒲儿根 yuan ye pu er gen
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes stout, clad in persistent petiole bases, densely sericeous-lanate, with few fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, purplish, scapiform, ca. 20 cm tall, simple, sparsely fulvous pubescent in upper part. Radical leaves rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 35 cm, slender, basally expanded, brown sericeous-lanate; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, orbicular or rarely reniform-orbicular, 1.52 Χ 1.52 cm, abaxially sparsely fulvous-arachnoid, glabrescent to glabrous, adaxially glabrous, palmately 57-veined, veins ± raised abaxially, base cordate, margin subentire or sometimes repand, teeth mucronulate, apex rounded. Capitula terminal, solitary, radiate, 1.52 cm in diam. Involucres campanulate, 67 Χ 78 mm, not calyculate, densely tomentose below capitulum; phyllaries uniseriate, 1315, oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically acuminate, purplish, puberulous. Rays 1113, rarely 15; tube 33.5 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 2.53 mm wide, 4-veined, apically denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 56 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically acuminate, puberulous. Anthers oblong, 2.53 mm, basally obtuse; style arms recurved, apically truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, 56 mm, Fl. May, fr.??
* Stony slopes; ca. 2400 m. Sichuan (Songpan).
仙客来蒲儿根 xian ke lai pu er gen
Senecio cyclaminifolius Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 362. 1894.
Herbs, scapigerous, stoloniferous. Rhizomes procumbent or ascending, slender, with fibrous roots. Stems solitary or few, erect, scapiform, equalling or exceeding leaves, 1030 cm tall, tomentose, with white or fulvous hairs, ± glabrescent, simple, with a few brown broadly ovate bracts at or near base. Leaves radical, rosulate, long petiolate; blade adaxially green, turning purple when dry, ovate-cordate or rarely suborbicular, 3.58 Χ 3.57.5 cm, abaxially densely white lanate, adaxially glabrous, palmately 5-veined, veins conspicuous abaxially; petiole 422 cm, arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, base narrowly cordate, margin shallowly repand-dentate with mucronulate teeth, apex obtuse, mucronulate. Capitula solitary, terminal, to 5 cm in diam.; scape with a few bracteoles; bracteoles purplish, ovate-lanceolate, membranous, margin entire or sparsely denticulate, apex acute or acuminate. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 1215 Χ 1014 mm, not calyculate, ovate or ovate-oblong, purplish red and ciliate on upper margin and apex, densely lanate, or ± glabrescent, apex obtuse to subacute. Ray florets ca. 15; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, ovate-oblong or oblong, 2025 Χ ca. 5 mm, 58-veined, apically obtuse and 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, with ca. 1.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm, basally obtuse; appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms 11.5 mm, truncate, papillose. Achenes (immature) cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus scant, ca. 3 mm, soon deciduous. Fl. AprMay, fr.??
* Grasslands, rocky places; 13001900 m. Chongqing (Chengkou, Wuxi).
This species is readily distinguished by its stoloniferous habit, and few, short, soon deciduous pappus-bristles. The longer, more copious, persistent pappus-bristles, and the absence of stolons clearly separate Sinosenecio hederifolius, placed into synonymy of this species by Kitamura (1982).
橐吾狀蒲儿根 tuo wu zhuan pu er gen
Senecio ligularioides Handel-Mazzetti, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 640. 1937.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes robust, densely lanate at collar with silky fulvous hairs. Stem solitary, exceeding leaves, ca. 50 cm tall, ca. 4 mm in diam. at base, fulvous-villous, simple. Leaves radical, rather few, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole stout, to 35 cm, sparsely rufescent villous; blade adaxially pale green, reniform, 720 Χ 522 cm, thickly papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent-villous, adaxially glabrous, palmately 57-veined, with numerous ascending forking secondary veins, prominently reticulate abaxially, base cordate, margin irregularly coarsely dentate with large deltoid callose-mucronulate teeth. Capitula ca. 1.5 cm in diam., rather numerous (526) in flat-topped terminal corymbs; peduncles 14.5 cm, slender, pubescent-villous, bracteate at base and few bracteate below capitula; bracts and bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate, 512 mm. Involucres campanulate, ca. 8 Χ 56 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 8, uniseriate, oblong, 1.52 mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous or subglabrous, conspicuously 3-veined, margin broadly scarious, apically obtuse to subacute, purplish red, and puberulous. Ray florets 68; corolla tube ca. 4 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 8 Χ 22.2 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 66.5 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5mm, apex acute; anthers linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm, base obtuse to rounded; style arms recurved, truncate, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr.??.
* On rocks; ca. 2700 m. Sichuan (Washan).
Recognizable by its large leaves, very similar to those of Ligularia, but the petioles are not sheathed at their bases, and the floral structure is completely different.
莲座蒲儿根 lian zuo pu er gen
Senecio subrosulatus Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 293. 1938.
Herbs, subscapigerous. Rhizomes procumbent, slender, ca. 3 mm in diam., clad in scale-like persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, or ascending in lower part, scapiform, 2035 cm tall, at first arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent to subglabrous, simple. Leaves radical or subradical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 68 cm, slender, densely arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent to glabrous, basally expanded; blade adaxially dark green, reniform, 49 Χ 58 cm, membranous, abaxially at first grayish or fulvous-arachnoid, ± glabrescent, adaxially glabrescent, base cordate, margin repand or sometimes dentate with deltoid mucronulate teeth. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam., 35 in lax terminal corymbs; peduncles 16 cm, slender, sparsely arachnoid and puberulous, bracteate at base and 2- or 3-bracteolate in upper part; bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate or linear. Phyllaries ca. 10, uniseriate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 57 Χ 11.5 mm, herbaceous, glabrous or sparsely pubescent at base, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute, dark purple and ciliate. Ray florets 810; corolla tube 4.45 mm; rays yellow, linear-oblong, 1011 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 89 mm, with 44.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers linear-oblong, ca. 3 mm, base obtuse to rounded, appendage ovate-lanceolate; style arms ca. 1.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.8 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 89 mm. Fl. Jul, fr.??.
* Abies forests; 33003500 m. Gansu, N Sichuan.
紫毛蒲儿根 zi mao pu er gen
Senecio villiferus Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 362. 1894; Ligularia villifera (Franchet) Diels.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes stout, to 8 mm in diam., clad in persistent blackish brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 3035 cm tall, with or without few villous bracts, villous with long reddish brown hairs. Leaves few, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 911 cm, densely villous or pubescent with long reddish brown hairs; blade suborbicular to ovate, 25.5 Χ 3.55.5 cm, subleathery, both surfaces villous or pubescent with reddish brown hairs, sometimes glabrescent by anthesis, base cordate, margin shallowly repand-dentate with deltoid mucronulate teeth. Capitula radiate, usually 58 in terminal subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 12.5 cm, villous with long reddish brown hairs, with basal bract and 24 bracts; bracts linear-subulate, 510 mm, membranous, densely villous, 1-veined, apically acute. Involucres obconic-ovoid, 68 Χ 710 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 810, uniseriate, ovate-lanceolate, 78 Χ 1.52 mm, herbaceous, sparsely villous and shortly glandular hairy, margin scarious, apically acute or subacute, purple-reddish, ciliate. Ray florets 810, ca. 14 mm; corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm; rays yellow, ovate-oblong, ca. 11 Χ 22.2 mm, 7-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, ca. 7 mm, with 33.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-ovate, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong; style arms recurved, ca. 1 mm. Achenes (immature) cylindrical, 22.2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.
* Slopes; ca. 2000 m. Chongqing (Chengkou, Shizhu).
This species is similar to Sinosenecio dryas, but differs in that the plant is often red-brown villous; the capitula 58 in terminal subumbelliform corymbs; phyllaries 8.
川鄂蒲儿根 chuan e pu er gen
Senecio dryas Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 504. 1903.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes 56 mm in diam., with distinct brown villous internodes and slightly swollen nodes, clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 1533 cm tall, simple, densely brown villous, usually with 35 bracts; bracts ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 510 mm, membranous, densely brown villous, apex acute or acuminate. Leaves several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; blade orbicular, 36 Χ 46 cm, shortly palmately 57-lobed, petiole 510 mm, densely villous, with brown or reddish brown hairs; leaf lobes ovate-triangular, papery, apically callose-mucronulate lobed; terminal lobe rather larger than lateral lobes and sometimes shortly 3-lobulate; leaf base abaxially purplish, adaxially green, cordate, abaxially brown villous on veins or subglabrous, adaxially at first sparsely villous, glabrescent, palmately 5-veined, veins prominent abaxially, apex obtuse. Capitula solitary, terminal, 2.53 cm in diam. Involucres obconic-campanulate, (6)810 Χ 68 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1012, uniseriate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 810 Χ 22.5 mm, herbaceous, densely villous and shortly glandular hairy, margin scarious, apically acuminate and reddish purple. Ray florets 810, ca. 14 mm; corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm; rays yellow, ovate-oblong, ca. 11 Χ 22.2 mm, 7-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 7 mm, with 33.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 2 mm, apex acute, papillose. Anthers oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes (immature) cylindrical, 33.5 mm. Pappus white, 46 mm. Fl. MayJun, fr.??.
* Stony slopes, wooded cliffs; elevation not recorded. W Hubei, E Sichuan.
革叶蒲儿根 ge ye pu er gen
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes ca. 5 mm in diam., clad in persistent brownish petiole bases. Stems 13, erect, scapiform, 2030 cm tall, slender, exceeding leaves, simple, densely fulvous-villous at petiole bases, laxly so in lower part, subglabrous or glabrous in upper part. Leaves several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 1020 cm, sparsely villous or subglabrous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, orbicular, 36.5 Χ 48 cm, subleathery, abaxially glabrous or sparsely villous on veins, adaxially glabrous, palmately veined, base deeply cordate, margin irregularly repand-dentate with broadly deltoid, obtuse, apiculate teeth. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., 2 or 3 in terminal corymbs or rarely solitary; peduncles elongate, slender, with basal bract and 2 or 3 bracteoles in upper part; bracteoles linear, 815 mm, sparsely villous, apex acute. Involucres hemispherical or broadly campanulate, 810 Χ 610 mm, calyculate with 4 or 5 linear bracteoles; phyllaries 16 or 17, uniseriate, oblong-linear, 22.5 mm wide, herbaceous, tomentose at base or glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically purplish, marginally ciliate, and acuminate. Ray florets ca. 10; corolla tube 55.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, ovate-oblong, 1618 Χ ca. 2.2 mm, 7-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 6.5 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and infundibuliform campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm, base obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 4.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white or sometimes yellowish at base, ca. 6 mm. Fl. MayJun, fr.??.
* By streams, shaded moist places; 14001800 m. Sichuan.
滇黔蒲儿根 dian qian pu er gen
Senecio bodinieri Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Gιogr. Bot. 11: 348. 1902; S. bodinieri var. brevior Vaniot; S. bodinieri var. elatior Vaniot; S. bodinieri var. elatissimus Handel-Mazzetti; S. coferifer H. Lιveillι; Sinosenecio brevior B. Nordenstam, nom. superfl.; S. elatior (Vaniot) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes 510 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, rarely 25, erect, scapiform, 1030 cm tall, villous with reddish brown hairs, especially in lower part, fulvous-tomentose near apex, with 1 or 2 bracts in upper part; bracts shortly petiolate, ovate or spatulate, leaflike, 12 cm, margin denticulate. Leaves several, radical, rosulate; petiole 3.59 cm, densely villous with long reddish brown hairs; blade abaxially pale green or purplish, adaxially lustrous, deep green, orbicular or suborbicular, 26 Χ 36 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely villous or pubescent on veins, somewhat ciliate with purplish brown hairs on margins, adaxially sparsely adpressed pilose or glabrous, palmately 57-veined, base cordate or rarely subtruncate, margin repand or rarely lobed, with rounded or broadly deltoid mucronulate or obscurely mucronulate shallow teeth or lobes. Capitula ca. 1.5 cm in diam., 37, rarely 9, arranged in terminal corymbs, at first rather dense, becoming lax; peduncles 16 cm, slender, pubescent or subglabrous, with basal bract and 2 or 3 bracteoles; bracts and bracteoles linear or linear-spatulate, 510 mm. Involucres campanulate, 57 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 67 Χ 11.5 mm, herbaceous, inconspicuously 3-veined, puberulous, margin broadly scarious, apically acuminate or obtuse, ciliate at apex and on upper margin. Ray florets ca. 13, 913 mm; corolla tube 2.53 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 89 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 4.5 mm with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, base obtuse to rounded, appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 44.5 mm. Fl. AprJun, fr.??.
* Hillsides, streamsides, woody, shaded places; 6002700 m. Guizhou, E Sichuan, Yunnan.
掌裂蒲儿根 zhang lie pu er gen
Senecio palmatilobus Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 33: 197. 1982; S. bodinieri Vaniot var. parcepilosa Vaniot.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 2740 cm tall, sparsely villous, with brown hairs, with a few bracts; bracts shortly petiolate, leaflike, lanceolate, small, densely villous, apex mucronulate. Leaves several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 719 cm, stout, densely brown villous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, broadly ovate, 4.58 Χ 3.55.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially long pilose on veins, densely brown villous on margins, adaxially sparsely pilose, palmately 35-veined, veins obscure, palmately coarsely dentate or shortly lobed, with ovate-triangular or triangular, apiculate coarse teeth or lobes, base rounded or cordate. Capitula ca. 1.5 cm in diam., 211 arranged in terminal corymbs; peduncles 1.54.5 cm, with 1 or 2 linear bracts. Involucres hemispherical, ca. 5 Χ 67.5 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, sub-biseriate, linear-oblong or oblong, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, sparsely brown pilose, margin scarious, sparsely brown pilose, apex acute and minutely pilose. Ray florets ca. 8; corolla tube 22.5, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 55.5 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.7 mm, basally obtuse; appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 44.5 mm. Fl. Apr, fr.??.
* Steep river banks; elevation not recorded. Guizhou (Xinyi).
三脉蒲儿根 san mai pu er gen
Senecio trinervius C. C. Chang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 60. 1935.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes 35 mm in diam., clad in persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, purplish, scapiform, 1826 cm tall, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Leaves several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 712 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, basally slightly expanded; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, ovate-oblong or elliptic, 2.97.5 Χ 1.33 cm, membranous, both surfaces sparsely puberulous, brown ciliate on margin, basally 3-veined, base cuneate, margin coarsely mucronulate-dentate with 46 large deltoid teeth on each side, apex obtuse-acuminate, mucronulate. Capitula ca. 1.7 cm in diam., 48 in terminal corymbs or compound-corymbs; peduncles to 3 cm, slender, linear-bracteolate at base. Phyllaries 12 or 13, uniseriate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 44.5 Χ 0.313 mm, herbaceous, margin broadly scarious, apically acute, puberulous. Ray florets ca. 13, 1011 mm; corolla tube ca. 3 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 68 Χ 22.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate and obtuse. Disc florets: corolla yellow, ca. 4.5 mm, with 22.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate, 11.5 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.8 mm, ovary cylindrical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 3.54 mm. Fl. May, fr.??
* Habitat and elevation not recorded. Guizhou.
肾叶蒲儿根 shen ye pu er gen
Senecio homogyniphyllus Cummins, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 17. 1908.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes ca. 2 mm in diam., densely villous with long fulvous hairs and clad in persistent brownish petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 1025 cm tall, simple, sparsely villous, with long fulvous hairs, especially at base and near apex, usually with 14 linear-spatulate bracts in upper part. Leaves few to several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 2.59 cm, densely villous, with fulvous long hairs or sometimes subglabrous; blade abaxially usually purple, adaxially green, broadly ovate-orbicular or reniform, 24(5) Χ 2.25.5 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially sparsely villous, palmately 57-veined, base cordate, margin slightly repand-dentate or subentire, with obscure mucronulate teeth, apex rounded. Capitula ca. 2 cm in diam., solitary or 2(7) arranged in lax terminal subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 23.5 cm, slender, with a basal linear bract and a few linear-spatulate bracteoles in upper part. Involucres obconic, 45 Χ 36 mm, not calyculate. Receptacle rather convex, hairy; phyllaries 710, rarely 13, uniseriate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, dark green, or purplish in upper part, apex obtuse to acuminate and fimbriate ciliate. Ray florets 1017, ca. 12.5 mm; corolla tube ca. 3 mm, glabrous; rays oblong, 99.5 Χ 33.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 4.5 mm, with ca. 1.2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute. Anthers linear-oblong, 1.82 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes obovoid-cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent. Fl. MayJun, fr.??
* On rocks, shaded places, forests; 13002900 m. SW and W Sichuan.
雨农蒲儿根 yu non pu er gen
Senecio chienii Handel-Mazzetti, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 88: 311. 1939; S. homogyniphyllus Cummins var. subumbellatus C. C. Chang.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes ca. 4 mm in diam., villous with long fulvous hairs and clad at nodes with persistent brownish petiole bases. Stems solitary or paired, erect, scapiform, 2030 cm tall, simple, fulvous-villous or ± glabrescent. Leaves few to several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 1015 cm, rather stout, fulvous-villous, ± glabrescent; blade abaxially pale green or purplish, adaxially dark green, ovate or broadly ovate, 49 Χ 4.59.5 cm, submembranous, abaxially sparsely villous and glabrescent, adaxially sparsely fulvous-pilose, basally palmately 57-veined, veins prominent, base cordate, margin repand or sinuate-dentate with broadly deltoid callose-apiculate teeth, apex acuminate or shortly caudate, apiculate. Capitula ca. 2.5 cm in diam., 27 in terminal subumbelliform-corymbs; peduncles 2.57 cm, slender, with a basal bract and 15 linear bracteoles. Involucres obconic-campanulate or narrowly campanulate, 67 Χ 3.55 mm, not calyculate. Receptacle slightly convex, alveolate-ciliate; phyllaries ca. 9, uniseriate, lanceolate, 45 Χ 1.52 mm, herbaceous, sparsely villous or subglabrous, obscurely 3-veined, apically fulvous-ciliate and purplish, acute to obtuse. Ray florets ca. 10, ca. 12 mm; corolla tube 1.52 mm; rays oblong, 810 Χ 2.53.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate and obtuse. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 4 mm, with ca. 1.5 mm tube and broadly campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, appendages ovate-oblong, basally obtuse to rounded. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.7 mm. Achenes obovoid-cylindrical, 27 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent or rarely of two ca. 1.5 mm long hairs. Fl. AprJun, fr.??.
* On rocks, damp places, forests; 9002200 m. W Sichuan.
This species is closely related to the preceding species but differs by its ovate-acuminate sinuate-dentate leaves.
海南蒲儿根 hai nan pu er gen
Senecio hainanensis C. C. Chang & Y. C. Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3: 585. 1974.
Herbs, scapigerous. Rhizomes stout, to 6 mm in diam., rather woody. Stems 13, erect, scapiform, 1530 cm tall, simple, arachnoid-tomentose, with white hairs when young, glabrescent. Leaves several, radical, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 510 cm, stout, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose; blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or obovate, 612 Χ 48 cm, both surfaces densely white tomentose when young, ± glabrescent to glabrous or sparsely puberulous, pinnately veined with 6 or 7 lateral veins on each side, midvein prominent abaxially, base rounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes unequal, margin shallowly repand-dentate, with mucronulate teeth, apex rounded. Capitula solitary, terminal, ca. 2 cm in diam.; scapes not bracteate. Involucres campanulate-hemispherical, ca. 6 Χ 7 mm, not calyculate; receptacle subglabrous; phyllaries ca. 9, uniseriate, lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, puberulous, margin scarious, apically puberulous, acuminate. Ray florets 9 or 10; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, elliptic-oblong, 810 Χ 34 mm, 7-veined, apically 2-denticulate, acuminate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, ca. 3.5 mm, with 1.52 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate. Style arms recurved. Achenes obovoid-elliptic, ca. 3.5 mm. Pappus absent. Fl. JulOct, fr.??.
* In woods, open places; 9001200 m. Hainan.
This species is the southernmost-occurring species of Sinosenecio. It is unusual in the genus in its pinnately veined, ovate to obovate leaves, but its scapigerous habit, strictly polar endothecial cell wall thickening, and tumid epappose achenes are, in combination, characteristic features of Sinosenecio.
蒲枝蒲儿根 pu zhi pu er gen
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 610 mm in diam., clad in persistent petiole bases; stolons slender, remotely leafy. Stems 1(3), erect, 3070 cm tall, to 6 mm in diam. at base, not branched below inflorescence, sparsely arachnoid, fulvous-villous, or glandular. Radical leaves several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 68 cm, sparsely to densely villous or glandular with long hairs, rarely subglabrous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, broadly ovate, 36 Χ 3.510 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous, adaxially sparsely fulvous-puberulous, palmately veined, base deeply to shallowly cordate, margin palmately 35-lobed with broadly deltoid mucronulate lobes, apex obtuse-acuminate-mucronulate. Stem leaves 4 or 5, similar to radical ones, progressively smaller upward and shorter petiolate. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., (2)515 arranged in terminal and axillary subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles to 7 cm, not bracteate, slightly dilated at apex, sparsely arachnoid, puberulous, or glandular pilose, rarely subglabrous. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 67 Χ 38 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, oblong, 1.52 mm wide, glandular villous, pilose or glabrescent, obscurely 3-veined, apically obtuse to rather acute, ciliate. Ray florets 13, uniseriate, tube 22.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 1011 Χ 34 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 4 mm, with 1.51.8 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse; appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm. Pappus absent. Fl. AprJun, fr.??.
* Moist shaded places, streamsides, in woods, roadsides, forest margins; 15002100 m. Chongqing, W Hubei, Hunan, E Sichuan, S Yunnan.
This species resembles Sinosenecio phalacrocarpus but differs by its stoloniferous habit.
1a.. Involucres 58 mm in diam., indumentum of peduncles and phyllaries not glandular 16a. var. globigerus
1b.. Involucres 35 in diam.; peduncles and phyllaries glandular ..................... 16b. var. adenophyllus
匍枝蒲儿根 （原变种） pu zhi pu er gen (yuan bian zhong)
Senecio globigerus C. C. Chang, Sunyatsenia 6: 21. 1941; S. phalacrocarpus Hemsley var. globigerus Oliver ex C. C. Chang.
Involucres 58 mm in diam., indumentum of peduncles and phyllaries not glandular. Fl. AprJun.
* Moist shaded places, streamsides, in woods; 15002100 m. W Hubei, Hunan, E Sichuan, S Yunnan.
腺苞蒲儿根 xian bao pu er gen
Involucres smaller, 35 in diam.; peduncles and phyllaries glandular. Fl. MayJun.
* Roadsides and forest margins; ca. 2100 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan).
黔蒲儿根 qian pu er gen
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 58 mm in diam.; stolons slender, with long internodes. Stems 1 or 2, erect, to 4.5 cm tall, 68 mm in diam. at base, not branched below inflorescence, villous, with multicellular brownish hairs. Radical leaves several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 413 cm, rather stout, densely fulvous-villous, dilated at base; blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular, 3.58 Χ 3.57.5 cm, both surfaces fulvous-villous, palmately 5-veined, base cordate to subtruncate, margin regularly repand-dentate, with small mucronulate teeth, apex rounded. Stem leaves 35, similar to radical ones, upward progressively smaller and shorter petiolate. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam., usually 39 in terminal or axillary subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 0.52.5 cm, densely villous, ± glabrescent. Involucres obconic, 57 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13; lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, fulvous-pilose, obscurely 3-veined, apically acute or acuminate, purplish or red-purplish ciliate. Ray florets ca. 13, tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 810 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, 3.54 mm, with ca. 1.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers oblong, obtuse basally, appendages ovate. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent. Fl. AprMay, fr.??
* Moist places in open woods, roadsides; ca. 1900 m. Guizhou.
卾西蒲儿根 e xi pu er gen
Herbs, with leafy stems. Rhizomes ca. 8 mm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, to 50 cm, 56 mm in diam. at base, simple, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Radical leaves few, long petiolate; petiole 616.5 cm, ± glabrous, rather dilated at base; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, reniform, 58 Χ 5.514 cm, submembranous, both surfaces at first sparsely pubescent or glabrous, palmately 57-veined, palmately 79-lobed to ca. middle, apex broadly cordate or subtruncate; lobes oblong-lanceolate, laterally 2- or 3-dentate or lobulate with callose-mucronulate teeth or lobules, apically acute or acuminate, mucronulate. Stem leaves 2 or 3, lower ones similar to radical ones, upward smaller, shortly petiolate; uppermost ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate, margin 57-dentate or lobulate, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., usually 3 or 4, arranged in terminal or axillary subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 35.5 cm, stout, expanded at apex, sparsely fulvous-villous, not bracteate. Involucres obconic-campanulate, 78 Χ 68 mm; phyllaries 13, uniseriate, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm wide, 35-veined, sparsely fulvous-villous, apex rather acute or obtuse, white ciliate. Ray florets ca. 11, tube 22.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong-elliptic, ca. 11 Χ 34 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 3 mm, with ca. 1.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms recurved. Ovary cylindrical, 1.31.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent. Fl. Apr, fr.??.
* Moist places in forests; ca. 1200 m. W Hubei.
雷波蒲儿根 lei bo pu er gen
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leaf stems. Rhizome elongated, ca. 4 mm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, ca. 60 cm tall, ascending and 56 mm in diam. at base, villous, with brownish hairs. Radical and lower stem leaves withered by anthesis; median stem leaves 3 or 4; petiole 79 cm, basally somewhat expanded, villous, with fulvous multicellular hairs; blade broadly ovate or reniform, 45 Χ 5.57.5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pilose mainly on veins, adaxially sparsely pilose, palmately 5-veined, base deeply cordate, palmately 57-lobed, apex obtuse, mucronulate; lobes broadly triangular, teeth callose-mucronulate, laterally callose-unidenticulate. Upper stem leaves shorter petiolate, smaller. Uppermost leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate. Capitula 8 or 9 in terminal corymbs; peduncles 0.51 cm, puberulous, basally bracteate. Involucres hemispherical, 56 Χ 56 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 15, uniseriate, green, oblong-elliptic, 56 Χ 22.5 mm, herbaceous, white fimbriate on upper margins and apex, margin scarious, apically acute, puberulous. Ray florets 13, corolla tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 910 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 3 mm, with ca. 1.8 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse, appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved. Ovary cylindrical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent. Fl. MayJun, fr.??.
* Valley thickets, wet places; ca. 2000 m. SW Sichuan (Leibo).
秃果蒲儿根 tu guo pu er gen
Senecio phalacrocarpus Hance, J. Bot. 19: 151. 1881.
Herbs, rhizomatous, with leafy stems; upper parts arachnoid tomentose. Stem solitary, erect, ca. 30 cm or taller, robust, hollow, 56 mm in diam. at base, not branched below inflorescence. Radical leaves long petiolate, withered by anthesis; median cauline leaf petiole 57 cm, basally slightly expanded, thinly arachnoid; blade adaxially green, reniform, ca. 6 Χ 89 cm, abaxially thinly arachnoid-tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent, palmately 5-veined, margin irregularly sublobed or coarsely dentate, with apically mucronulate deltoid teeth. Upper leaves smaller, shallowly cordate, shortly petiolate. Capitula 5 to many, arranged in terminal and axillary subumbelliform corymbs, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 0.52.5 cm, basally not bracteate, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, not bracteolate; receptacle hemispherical, ciliate. Phyllaries ca. 10, green, lanceolate, herbaceous, sparsely arachnoid or glabrescent, 3-veined, margin scarious, apically ciliate, acute or acuminate. Ray florets ca. 13, corolla tube 22.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 13 Χ 3 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 4.5 mm, with 1.5l.7 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely minutely glandular puberulous. Pappus absent. Fl.??, fr.??
* Sides of rocks, forest margins; elevation not recorded. Guangdong (North River - Bei Jiang??).
假光果蒲儿根 jia guang guo pu er gen
Senecio phalacrocarpoides C. C. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 313. 1951.
Herbs, dwarf, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 34 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, to 10 cm tall, branching from near base, sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent. Radical leaves several, long petiolate; petiole 58 cm, rather stout, basally slightly expanded, glabrous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, subreniform or suborbicular, 34 Χ 3.54 cm, glabrous, basally 3-veined, base shallowly cordate or subtruncate, margin palmately shortly duplicate-lobed or coarsely duplicate-dentate, with apically mucronulate deltoid teeth or lobes. Stem leaves 4 or 5, shorter petiolate, smaller. Uppermost leaves ovate-deltoid, lobed or denticulate. Capitula small, rather numerous, arranged in contracted terminal compound corymbs; peduncles campanulate, very short, 0.20.3 mm, sparsely arachnoid or glabrous, not bracteate. Involucres campanulate, 23 mm wide, not calyculate; phyllaries 8 or 9, sub-biseriate, linear, ca. 0.5 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, margin broadly scarious, denticulate in upper part, apex acuminate. Ray florets ca. 6, corolla tube ca. 1.5 mm; rays yellow, ovate-oblong, ca. 1.5 Χ 0.50.6 mm wide, inconspicuously 4-veined, margin repand, apically rounded. Disc florets ca. 0.9 mm; corolla yellow, ca. 2.5 mm, with ca. 1.3 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-oblong, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 11.3 mm, glabrous. Pappus absent. Fl. Mar, fr.??.
* Mixed forests; ca. 2700 m. W Yunnan (Chenkang - spelling??).
岩生蒲儿根 yan sheng pu er gen
Herbs, scapigerous, with leafy stem. Rhizomes short, slender, clad in persistent black-brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, 37 cm, simple, glabrous or subglabrous. Radical leaves several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole slender, densely yellow lanate, basally slightly expanded, pilose at upper part; blade abaxially purplish, adaxially green, reniform, 0.51 Χ 11.5 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, inconspicuously palmately 5-veined, palmately 5(7)-lobulate; lobes ovate-triangular, base cordate or rarely subtruncate, margin reflexed when dry, apex acute, mucronulate. Stem leaves 14, lower ones oblanceolate or spatulate, margin entire or sometimes 3-lobed, shortly petiolate; uppermost ones sessile, bract-shaped, linear, 23 mm. Capitula solitary, 1015 mm in diam. Involucres broadly campanulate, ca. 5 Χ 78 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1113, uniseriate, herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, obscurely 3-veined, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute or rather acute. Ray florets 1113, corolla tube ca. 2 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 56 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, 5-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, 33.5 mm, with ca. 1 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 2 mm. Fl. and fr. MayJun.
* Rocky mountains; 12001700 m. Guangdong, Hunan.
23. Sinosenecio changii (B. Nordenstam) B. Nordenstam & Pelser, Compositae Newsletter 45: xx. 2007.
莲座狗舌草 lian zuo gou she cao
Tephroseris changii B. Nordenstam, Opera Bot. 44: 44. 1978; Senecio rosuliferus C. C. Chang (1935), not S. rosulifer H. Lιveillι & Vaniot (1910).
Herbs, subscapigerous. Rhizomes ca. 10 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stems solitary, rarely 2 or 3, erect, scapiform, to 40 cm tall, simple, floccose-tomentose, fulvous-pubescent especially in lower part. Radical leaves several, rosulate, present at anthesis; petiole 2.54 cm, rather broad, floccose-tomentose and fulvous-hirtellous, basally expanded; blade ovate-oblong, 2.59 Χ 26 cm, papery, abaxially densely floccose-tomentose, adaxially thinly floccose-tomentose and densely adpressed-hirtellous, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, veins prominent, base cordate, margin irregularly shallowly repand-dentate, teeth mucronulate, apex rounded, apiculate. Stem leaves usually 1, on lower part of stem, similar to basal ones but smaller. Capitula 1.82 cm in diam., 615, arranged in simple to compound subumbelliform terminal corymbs; peduncles 14.5 cm, densely arachnoid, usually bracteate at base, not bracteolate or with 1 or more linear bracteoles in upper part; bracts 510 mm, densely tomentose. Involucres hemispherical, ca. 5 Χ 5 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, linear-lanceolate, 45 Χ 11.5 mm, sparsely arachnoid, margin broadly scarious, apically acute or acuminate, purplish and puberulous. Ray florets ca. 18; corolla tube ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 9 Χ 22.9 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, ca. 4 mm, with 1.52 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.3 mm, basally obtuse, appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved, 0.60.7 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 3 mm. Fl. MayJul, fr.??.
* Roadsides, forest margins; 18002700 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan).
This species was recently transferred from Tephroseris to Sinosenecio on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence (Nordenstam & Pelser, 2007). The pinnately veined leaves and numerous rays are somewhat unusual in the genus.
七裂蒲儿根 qi lie pu er gen
Senecio septilobus C. C. Chang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. 6: 59. 1935.
Herbs, subscapigerous, with leafy stem. Rhizomes 35 mm in diam., clad in persistent petiole bases. Stem usually solitary, erect, 3035 cm tall, 2.53 mm in diam. at base, simple, sparsely white arachnoid or subglabrous. Radical leaves several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 912 cm, sparsely villous, with brownish hairs, glabrescent, basally slightly expanded; blade adaxially green, orbicular, 3.55 Χ 4-8 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially thinly adpressed-arachnoid to rarely subglabrous, base deeply cordate, margin usually deeply palmately 79-lobed, deltoid, margin entire or inconspicuously dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate. Stem leaves 1 or 2, very small, palmately lobed, shortly petiolate. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam., 713 arranged in terminal ± subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 13(7) cm, slender, with a basal oblanceolate or leaflike, or 37-lobed bract, with 1 or 2 linear bracts in upper part, sparsely pubescent. Involucres subhemispherical, 56 Χ 45.5 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, rarely linear, 1.52.5 mm wide, herbaceous, sparsely arachnoid, margin broadly scarious, apically obtuse to subacute and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla tube 22.5 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 67 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 4 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate 11.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.7 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 3 mm. Fl. MayJul, fr.??.
* Thickets, on rocks, roadsides; 15002100 m. Chongqing (Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan).
This species is distinguished by its palmately 79-lobed leaves, abaxial leaf surfaces densely white tomentose, and the leaflike bracts at the bases of the peduncles.
梵净蒲儿根 fan jing pu er gen
Herbs, subscapigerous. Rhizomes ca. 3 mm in diam., clad in persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, 510 cm tall, simple, densely white arachnoid-tomentose, ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 1.53 cm, densely to sparsely tomentose, basally slightly expanded; blade suborbicular or pentagonal, ca. l Χ 11.5 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially sparsely white arachnoid and shortly pilose, obscurely palmately veined, base cordate, margin shallowly 5-lobed or angled with mucronulate lobes, apex rounded-obtuse. Stem leaves 1 or 2, small, shallowly lobed, shortly petiolate. Capitula ca. 1.5 cm in diam., few, arranged in at first contracted terminal umbelliform corymbs; peduncles short, with a small basal leaflike bract and few small linear bracteoles. Involucres campanulate, 46 Χ ca. 6 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 17, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, herbaceous, inconspicuously 3-veined, apically acuminate or acute, marginally and apically reddish purple, and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 13, uniseriate, corolla tube 0.51 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 34 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets: corolla yellow, ca. 2.5 mm, with ca. 1 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, 0.51 mm, acute. Anthers 11.5 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms 0.70.8 mm. Ovary cylindrical, ca. 0.8 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, shorter than corolla. Fl. May, fr.??
* On rocks; elevation not recorded. Guizhou (Fanjing Shan).
??vernacular name
Senecio sungpanensis Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 149. 1925.
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 68 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, 4050 cm tall, 56 mm in diam. at base, simple, purplish below, at first sparsely white arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent. Radical leaves withered by anthesis; lower stem leaves long petiolate; petiole 67 cm, somewhat white arachnoid, basally expanded; blade adaxially green, reniform, 33.5 Χ 44.5 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially sparsely shortly pubescent to subglabrous, palmately divided into 57 lobes; lobes ovate-deltoid, usually coarsely few denticulate and apiculate. Upper stem leaves similar, but shortly petiolate, smaller. Uppermost lanceolate, margin denticulate or entire. Capitula 22.5 cm in diam., usually 4 or 5 arranged in terminal subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 25 cm, sparsely arachnoid, basally bracteate and sometimes with a median subulate bracteole. Involucres hemispherical, ca. 10 Χ 712 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1517, oblong-elliptic, 22.5 mm wide, herbaceous, sparsely villous, glabrescent, upper margin purplish red and ciliate, apically acute. Ray florets 12 or 13; corolla tube 4.55 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong ca. 9 Χ 2 mm, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 6.57 mm, with ca. 3.8 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages lanceolate. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 5.56 mm. Fl. Jul, fr.??.
* Montane meadows; 40004300 m. Sichuan (Songpan).
This species differs from Sinosenecio cortusifolius in its arachnoid tomentum, larger involucres, and not auriculate petiole bases.
植夫蒲儿根 zhi fu pu er gen
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 45 mm in diam. Stem solitary, erect, 3060 cm tall, simple, sparsely white pubescent. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, petiolate; blade adaxially green, reniform, 36 Χ ca. 6 cm, palmately 79-divided; lobes oblong, 1.52.5 Χ 12 cm, abaxially white arachnoid or pilose, ciliate on margin, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, palmately 5-veined, base deeply cordate, margin entire or sometimes 2- or 3-denticulate. Median and upper stem leaves similar as the lower, but smaller; petioles of lower leaves 37 cm, basally expanded, sparsely shortly pubescent. Uppermost leaves small, bractlike, 35-lobed or entire, shortly petiolate or subsessile. Capitula radiate, usually 4 or 5 arranged in terminal corymb, rarely solitary, 22.5 mm in diam.; peduncles 1.52 cm, slender, sparsely shortly pubescent with 1 bract. Involucres campanulate, 45 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries uniseriate, ca. 15, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, glabrous, 13-veined, margin white ciliate and narrowly scarious, apically acuminate. Ray florets ca. 13, corolla tube ca. 2 mm; rays yellow, oblong or linear-oblong, 810 Χ 11.5 mm. Disc florets many, yellow with 1.52 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically puberulous. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 3 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Forest margins, canal sides in valleys; elevation not recorded. Sichuan (Lixian, Maoxian).
耳柄蒲儿根 er bing pu er gen
Senecio euosmus Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 148. 1925; S. acerifolius C. Winkler; S. doryotus Handel-Mazzetti; S. winklerianus Handel-Mazzetti; Sinosenecio doryotus (Handel-Mazzetti) B. Nordenstam; S. winklerianus (Handel-Mazzetti) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes ascending or procumbent, slender. Stem solitary, erect, 2075 cm or taller, ca. 6 mm in diam. at base, simple, ± villous, especially in lower part, glabrescent in upper part. Radical leaves withered by anthesis; median stem leaves long petiolate; blade adaxially green, ovate or broadly ovate, 25 Χ 36 cm, abaxially villous on veins or rarely subglabrous, adaxially shortly pubescent or subglabrous, base rather shallowly cordate to subtruncate, margin shallowly to sometimes rather deeply palmately divided into 513 lobes or large teeth; lobes subdeltoid, shallowly to deeply mucronulate-dentate, apex rounded to acute. Upper leaves smaller. Uppermost leaves linear, bractlike; petiole 12 Χ as long as blade, ± villous to subglabrous, those of lower leaves not auriculate, slightly expanded at base, those of median and upper leaves usually gradually expanded into ovate or orbicular, entire or sometimes dentate subamplexicaul auricles, or less often all leaves not auriculate. Capitula 515 or more arranged in terminal subumbeliform corymbs or compound corymbs; peduncles 0.53 cm, slender, sparsely to densely ascending-villous, sometimes with a linear basal bract; without or sometimes with a subulate bracteole. Involucres subcampanulate, 45 Χ 2.54 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous or subglabrous, margin membranous, apically acute, purplish and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 10; corolla tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong or linear-oblong, 3.54 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 4 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages lanceolate. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 5.56 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
Forest margins, montane meadows, moist places; 24004000 m. Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar].
齿耳蒲儿根 chi er pu er gen
Senecio cortusifolius Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 289. 1938.
Herbs, stoloniferous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes elongate, often villous, with brown multicellular hairs. Stem solitary, erect, 3050 cm tall, 45 mm in diam. at base, simple, ± villous, green, or purplish in lower part. Radical leaves withered by anthesis; lower stem leaves petiolate; blade reniform, 35 Χ 48 cm, abaxially sparsely arachnoid-tomentose or villous, adaxially pilose, palmately 5-veined, margin shallowly to moderately deeply divided into 513 subdeltoid, shallowly crenate to deeply lobulate-dentate mucronulate lobes or large teeth. Median and upper leaves ovate or broadly ovate, progressively smaller upward, otherwise similar to lower ones; petioles of lower leaves 710 cm, ± villous, basally slightly expanded or sometimes auriculate, those of median and upper leaves ca. equalling blade, basally gradually or abruptly expanded into subentire or dentate, often conspicuous, to 3.5 cm wide, subamplexicaul auricles, petioles narrowly or broadly winged. Capitula 5 to many, arranged in terminal subumbelliform corymbs or compound corymbs; peduncles to 5.5 cm, slender, sparsely to densely ascending-villous, usually with a linear or lanceolate leaflike basal bract, not or with 1 or 2 subulate bracteoles. Involucres broadly campanulate, 46 Χ 3.57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous or subglabrous, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute and brown ciliate. Ray florets ca. 13, corolla tube 33.5 mm, glabrous; rays oblong or linear-oblong, 79 Χ 12 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, with 33.5 tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, 1l.2 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse; appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved, ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 1.52 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 4 mm. Fl. JunAug, fr.??.
* Forest and thicket margins, montane meadows; 27004000 m. W Sichuan.
齿裂蒲儿根 chi lie pu er gen
Herbs, rhizomatous, with leafy stems. Stem solitary, erect, 3545 cm tall, simple, sparsely puberulous below, glabrous in upper part. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, long petiolate; blade reniform, 46 Χ 612 cm, abaxially sparsely white pilose on veins, palmately 57-veined, base deeply cordate, margin subentire or 57-denticulate. Median and upper leaves similar to lower ones, but smaller; uppermost small and bracteate, lanceolate. Capitula 11.5 cm in diam., usually 812 arranged in terminal subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 23 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, 1-bracteate. Involucres subcampanulate, 57 Χ 57 mm not calyculate; phyllaries uniseriate, ca. 12, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 57 Χ 12 mm, glabrous, 1- or 2-veined, apically acuminate and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 12; corolla tube ca. 2 mm; rays yellow, oblong, or linear-oblong, 79 Χ 1.52.5 mm, 7-veined, apically denticulate. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 46 mm, with 2.53.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.3 mm, basally obtuse. Style arms recurved, Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 3.54 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.
* Forest understories; ca. 1500 m. Sichuan (Xieyoung - spelling??).
This species is similar to Sinosenecio euosmus and S. cortusifolius but differs in having petioles expanded at their bases and not winged, rays 7-veined.
武夷蒲儿根 wu yi pu er gen
Herbs, rhizomatous, with leafy stems. Rhizomes slender, clad in persistent petiole bases. Stems erect or oblique, (6)1020 cm tall, slender, simple or rarely branched, sparsely arachnoid in lower part, glabrous above. Radical leaves rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 35 cm, basally slightly expanded; blade abaxially purplish red, adaxially green, broadly flabelliform or suborbicular, 1.52.5 Χ 1.53 cm, papery or subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, palmately 57-veined, margin palmately deeply flabelliform or subrounded, rarely coarsely dentate; lobes broadly oblong, 56 Χ 67 mm, base cordate or truncate, apically 2- or 3-denticulate. Stem leaves similar to radical ones; blade 1.52.5 cm, shortly petiolate; petiole slightly expanded and subamplexicaul at base; uppermost leaves sessile, bractlike, oblanceolate to linear, margin 35-lobulate or sometimes entire. Capitula usually 2 or 3, rarely 5, arranged in terminal subcorymbs, rarely solitary, 23 cm in diam.; peduncles 23.5 cm, slender; bracteoles linear, 515 mm, margin entire or sometimes 2- or 3-denticulate. Involucres hemispherical, campanulate, 56 Χ 810 mm; phyllaries uniseriate, ca. 13, herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, inconspicuously 3-veined, margin scarious, apically acute, purplish and ciliate. Ray florets 13 or 14, corolla tube ca. 2 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 1011 Χ 23 mm, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous, 3.54 mm, with ca. 1.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely puberulous. Pappus white, 23 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug.
* Montane meadows, rocks; 12002300 m. Fujian (Wuyi Shan), Jiangxi.
白背蒲儿根 bai bei pu er gen
Senecio latouchei J. F. Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 128. 1916.
Herbs, subscapigerous. Rhizomes 610 mm in diam., collar densely lanate-tomentose with long fulvous hairs and clad in persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, flexuous, subscapiform, 1530 cm tall, simple or branching into inflorescence, villous or floccose-tomentose, with brown or white hairs, glabrescent. Radical leaves few, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 412 cm, villous, base slightly expanded; blade adaxially green, suborbicular, 2.55 Χ 38 cm, papery, abaxially densely villous or white floccose-tomentose, ± glabrescent, adaxially fulvous-villous with rather closely scattered hairs, palmately 57-veined, veins rather prominent, base cordate, margin palmately coarsely dentate or sublobed, with ovate-deltoid, conspicuous mucronulate teeth or lobes. Stem leaves 1 or 2; petiole 1.54 cm, basally auriculate; blades similar to basal ones, 1.53.3 Χ 1.53 cm. Uppermost stem leaves small, bractlike, 35-lobed, or sometimes entire, apically acute. Capitula usually 3 or 4, arranged in terminal corymbs, 22.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 2.56 cm, slender, sparsely tomentose or villous, glabrescent, bracteate at base, usually with 1 bracteole in upper part; bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate, 510 mm, acute or bracts sometimes lobed. Involucres hemispherical-campanulate, ca. 7 Χ 7 mm, not calyculate. Phyllaries ca. 13, oblong-lanceolate, 67 Χ 1.52 mm, herbaceous, sparsely arachnoid to glabrous, inconspicuously 35-veined, margin broadly scarious, apically acute to obtuse, purplish red and ciliate. Ray florets 1113, corolla tube 3.54 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 710 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 45 mm, with 22.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes lanceolate, 11.2 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-triangular. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes (immature) ca. 1.2 mm, puberulous. Pappus white, ca. 4 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.
* Moist places, canal sides, damp valleys; ca. 200 m. ??Anhui, Fujian (Chong, Fuzhou), Jiangxi (Ningdu).
广西蒲儿根 guang xi pu er gen
Herbs, subscapigerous. Rhizomes 510 mm in diam., collar densely fulvous-tomentose and clad in persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, subscapiform, 1030 cm tall, slender, simple, brown villous in lower part, sparsely so to subglabrous in upper part. Radical leaves few, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 26 cm, rather stout, densely fulvous-villous, basally somewhat expanded; blade adaxially deep green, suborbicular or reniform, 26 Χ 2.57 cm, thickly papery, abaxially densely white tomentose or sometimes sparsely fulvous-hispid and glabrescent, and then often deep purplish red, adaxially sparsely to sometimes densely fulvous-hispid, palmately 57-veined, base cordate, margin coarsely repand or dentate with ovate-deltoid or shallowly ovate-deltoid mucronulate teeth. Stem leaves usually on lower part of stem, similar to radical ones but smaller and with shorter petioles inconspicuously auriculate at base. Uppermost leaves bractiform, few, linear or linear-lanceolate, 11.5 cm, apically acute. Capitula (1 or)27 arranged in terminal corymbs, 1.51.8 cm in diam.; peduncles 15.5 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, usually bracteate at base and 13-bracteolate in upper part; bracts and bracteoles linear, 36 mm, apically callose-mucronulate. Involucres hemispherical, 58 Χ ca. 7 mm, calyculate; calyculus of 810 bracteoles; bracteoles linear, 35 mm, apically callose-mucronulate. Phyllaries ca. 13, oblong-lanceolate, 67 Χ 1.52.5 mm, herbaceous, glabrous or subglabrous, apically ± acute, reddish purple and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 13, uniseriate; corolla tube ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong or broadly oblong, ca. 7 Χ 23 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets; corolla yellow, 3.54 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1.3 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms ca. 0.7 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 1.52 mm, ribs pubescent. Pappus white, 3.54 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr.??.
* Forests, streamsides, moist rocky places; 9001600 m. Guangxi.
九华蒲儿根 jiu hua pu er gen
Herbs, small, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 58 mm in diam., collar white tomentose and clad in remains of persistent petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect or sometimes flexuous, 1315 cm tall, simple, villous with multicellular hairs and white with ± deciduous floccose tomentum. Radical leaves few, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 3.56 cm, densely brown villous and ± arachnoid-tomentose, basally expanded; blade orbicular, 23.5 Χ 23.5 cm, abaxially white floccose-tomentose, adaxially adpressed-pubescent and at first thinly floccose-tomentose, palmately 57-veined, base cordate, margin repand-dentate, with broad mucronulate teeth. Stem leaves 4; blade similar to basal ones; petiole winged in lower part, expanded into a rounded subamplexicaul auricle, auricles larger upward; uppermost leaves sessile, blade confluent with auricle. Capitula 3 or 4 arranged in terminal corymbs, ca. 2 cm in diam.; peduncles 11.5 cm, densely white tomentose, not bracteate. Involucres hemispherical, campanulate, ca. 7 Χ 8 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 7 Χ 1.52 mm, white arachnoid-tomentose, ± glabrescent, margin broadly scarious, apically acute or acuminate, reddish purple and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 15, corolla tube 1.52 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 7.58 Χ 1.51.7 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 6 mm, with 11.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 1 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 1 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved, ovary cylindrical, 11.2 mm. sparsely puberulous. Pappus ca. 2 mm, white. Fl. Apr, fr.??.
* Canal sides, shaded moist places, on rocks; ca. 1200 m. Anhui (Jiuhua Shan, Huangshan), Jiangxi.
胡南蒲儿根 hu nan pu er gen
Senecio hunanensis Y. Ling, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 5: 15. 1937.
Herbs, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 56 mm in diam., clad in remains of petiole bases, tomentose at collar. Stem solitary, erect, ca. 40 cm, simple, sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent to glabrous. Radical leaves few, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 1215 cm, sparsely arachnoid, basally expanded; blade reniform, ca. 4 Χ 5 cm, membranous, both surfaces thinly arachnoid but soon ± glabrous, palmately 5-veined, base cordate, margin palmately shallowly duplicate-lobed or duplicate-dentate into ca. 9 deltoid, apically callose-mucronulate, laterally dentate short lobes or coarse teeth. Stem leaves 3, smaller, with narrow lobes and teeth, shortly petiolate, petiole winged at base, wings shortly decurrent. Capitula 5 or 6 arranged in terminal subumbelliform corymb; peduncles ca. 2 cm, densely fulvous-puberulous, with filiform bract. Involucres cupuliform, 68 mm in diam., not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, 78 Χ ca. 2.5 mm, herbaceous, margin scarious, glabrous, apex acute and ciliate. Ray florets ca. 10, corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong-linear, ca. 13 Χ 2.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 6 mm, with slender tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers oblong, basally obtuse; appendages lanceolate. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, puberulous. Pappus white, ca. 4.5 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
* Forests margins on slopes; elevation not recorded. Hunan (Yichang).
This species is similar to Sinosenecio sungpanensis but differs in having puberulous achenes and ± glabrous leaves.
蒲儿根 pu er gen
Senecio oldhamianus Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pιtersbourg, Sιr. 3, 16: 219. 1871; S. martinii Vaniot; S. savatieri Franchet; Sinosenecio savatieri (Franchet) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, perennial or biennial, rhizomatous, with leafy stems. Stems solitary or few, erect, 4080 cm or taller, sparsely villous and arachnoid, glabrescent to subglabrous. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, long petiolate; lower stem leaf petioles 36 cm, white arachnoid, basally somewhat expanded; blade adaxially green, ovate-orbicular or suborbicular, 35(8) Χ 36 cm, membranous, abaxially white arachnoid, sometimes ± glabrescent, adaxially sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, palmately 5-veined, base cordate, margin shallowly to deeply duplicate-dentate or duplicate-serrate with mucronulate teeth, apex obtuse to acute, acuminate and mucronulate. Upper leaves shortly petiolate, smaller, with ovate or ovate-deltoid, basally cuneate blades; uppermost leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Capitula numerous, arranged in compound terminal corymbs; peduncles 1.53 cm, slender, sparsely pubescent, usually with a basal linear bract. Involucres broadly campanulate, 34 Χ 2.54 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, with membranous margins, white arachnoid or puberulous to glabrous, apically acuminate and purplish. Ray florets ca. 13, corolla tube 22.5 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 89 Χ 12 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets numerous; corolla yellow, 33.5 mm, with 1.51.8 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 1 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, 0.80.9 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous in ray florets, puberulous in disc florets. Pappus absent in ray florets, in disc florets white, 33.5 mm. Fl. JanDec, fr.??.
Forest margins, streamsides, moist rocky and grassy places, margins of cultivated fields; 4002100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, ??Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
狗舌草属 gou she cao shu
Cineraria Linnaeus Sect. Tephroseris Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs.241.1831; Senecio Linnaeus Sect. Tephroseris A. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 359. 1838, nom. illegit, superfl.
Herbs, erect, perennial, rarely stoloniferous, rhizomatous, or rarely biennial or annual, with fibrous roots. Stems leafy, sometimes subscapiform, often arachnoid-tomentose at least when young. Leaves simple, petiolate or sessile, radical and cauline. Radical leaves rosulate, persistent at or withered by anthesis; petiole winged or not winged, basally not auriculate; blade broadly ovate or deltoid to linear-spatulate, pinnately veined, base cordate to attenuate, margin coarsely sinuate-serrate or dentate to subentire. Capitula usually few to rather numerous, arranged in terminal, subumbelliform, simple or compound, corymbose cymes, rarely solitary, heterogamous and radiate, sometimes also homogamous and discoid, pedunculate. Involucres hemispherical, campanulate or cylindrical-campanulate, not calyculate, receptacle flat; phyllaries 1825, rarely 13, uniseriate, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, herbaceous, margin usually narrowly scarious or membranous. Ray florets 715, commonly 13, rarely 18 or 2025; rays yellow, orange, or purplish red, oblong, rarely linear or elliptic-oblong, 4-veined, apically usually 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, orange or orange-red, sometimes purple tinged; limb infundibuliform or rarely campanulate; lobes 5. Anthers linear-oblong, rarely oblong, base usually obtuse to rounded; filament collar narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical, somewhat broader than filament, cells uniform, endothecial cell wall thickenings numerous, polar and radial. Style arms convex or less often truncate, with short, often few, obtuse marginal papillae. Achenes cylindrical, ribbed, glabrous or sparsely to strongly pubescent. Pappus capillary, uniform, white or rarely rufescent, persistent, present in all florets.
About 50 species: temperate and arctic Eurasia, and extending into North America; 14 species known to occur in China.
1a. Plant biennial or annual; pappus hairs conspicuously elongating at fruiting; rays pale yellow 15. T. palustris
1b. Plant perennial; pappus hairs not conspicuously elongating at fruiting; rays yellow, orange, or purplish red.
2a. Plant with long flagelliform stolons arising from base ............................ 1. T. stolonifera
2b. Plant without stolons.
3a. Achenes pubescent at least in part.
4a. Rays yellow, 611 mm.
5a. Stem leaves and peduncles densely arachnoid and fulvous-pubescent; radical leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, basally cordate or truncate; petioles not winged; achenes sparsely pubescent 11. T. phaeantha
5b. Stem leaves and peduncles usually densely arachnoid-tomentose; radical leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, basally cuneate to attenuate; petioles winged; achenes densely hirsute 12. T. kirilowii
4b. Rays orange to purplish red, 1520 mm.
6a. Radical leaves present at anthesis; phyllaries 2022; rays oblong ...... 10. T. rufa
6b. Radical leaves withered by anthesis; phyllaries ca. 25; rays linear 13. T. flammea
3b. Achenes glabrous.
7a. Ray florets orange or dark purplish red; involucres dark purple or fuscous-purple.
8a. Stem 1020 cm tall, densely glandular villous and multicellular hairy; rays orange with purple streaks, ca. 15 mm; pappus white, ca. 5.5 mm .................... 9. T. turczaninowii
8b. Stem to 60 cm tall, floccose-tomentose; rays orange to dark purplish red, ca. 20 mm; pappus rufescent, 3.54 mm ...................................................................... 10. T. rufa
7b. Rays yellow; involucres green.
9a. Involucres 46 mm; stem sparsely arachnoid or ± glabrous.
10a. Phyllaries 2025, lanceolate, sparsely puberulous, rays ca. 10 mm; stem leaves basally auriculate and subamplexicaul .................................... 4. T. pseudosonchus
10b. Phyllaries 1320, glabrous or hairy; rays less than 8 mm; leaves basally not auriculate.
11a. Leaf blades cordate-hastate; phyllaries 13; rays 7................ 5. T. koreana
11b. Leaf blades spathulate to ovate, not cordate; phyllaries 1520; rays 1320
12a. Phyllaries 1820, glabrous; rays 67 mm; leaves spatulate, linear-spatulate, or oblanceolate, margin entire or subentire .................... 2. T. subdentata
12b. Phyllaries 15 or 16, arachnoid; rays 56 mm; leaves ovate, apically obtuse to rounded, margin sparsely denticulate ......................................... 3. T. praticola
9b. Involucres 79 mm; stem floccose-tomentose or arachnoid-tomentose, or rarely glabrescent.
13a. Phyllaries densely fulvous glandular pubescent; rays ca. 17 mm 8. T. adenolepis
13b. Phyllaries 2022, sparsely arachnoid or puberulous.
14a. Stem and leaves arachnoid; involucres 1014 mm wide; rays florets 2025, rays 78 mm ......................................................................................... 6. T. pierotii
14b. Stem and leaves puberulous or subglabrous; involucres 68 mm wide; rays florets 1315, rays ca. 12 mm .............................................................. 7. T. taitoensis
蒲枝狗舌草 pu zhe gou she cao
Senecio stolonifer Cufodontis, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih 70: 100. 1933.
Herbs, stoloniferous, rhizomatous. Stolons slender, flagelliform, with elongated internodes and very small leaves. Stem solitary, erect, leafy, 3060(80) cm tall, floccose-tomentose, ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, rosulate, petiolate, usually present at anthesis; petiole 1.512 cm, rather broad, floccose-tomentose, fulvous-hirtellous; blade adaxially green, broadly ovate or ovate-spatulate, 58 Χ 35 cm, papery, abaxially arachnoid or floccose-tomentose, adaxially thinly arachnoid-tomentose and glabrescent, lateral veins 6, base broadly cuneate or subcordate and narrowly decurrent into petiole, margin subentire or remotely shallowly repand-dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, apiculate. Lower and median stem leaves similar but smaller, more shortly petiolate to subsessile, ovate to lanceolate, 36 Χ 0.51.5 cm. Upper lanceolate to linear, sessile, bractlike. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., 515 in terminal subumbelliform corymbs or compound corymbs; peduncles 1.53.5 cm, white arachnoid, fulvous-puberulous, with a basal subulate bract, not bracteolate. Involucres broadly campanulate, 78 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 20, linear-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, with submembranous margin, ± glabrous, apex acuminate and sparsely puberulous. Ray florets 1113, corolla tube ca. 5 mm; rays oblong, ca. 9 Χ 22.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets numerous, corolla yellow, ca. 7 mm, with 45 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.7 mm, basally obtuse to rounded, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 2.53 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. AprJun, fr.??.
* Moist places, streamsides; 14002800 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
尖齿狗舌草 jian chi gou she cao
Cineraria subdentata Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 39. 1833; C. pratensis var. borealis Herder; Crepis chanetii H. Lιveillι; Senecio imaii Nakai; S. pratensis (Hoppe) A. de Candolle var. polycephalus Regel; S. pseudosonchus Vaniot var. borealis (Cufodontis) S. Y. Hu; S. pseudosonchus var. polycephalus (Regel) Kitamura; S. subdentatus (Bunge) Turczaninow; S. subdentatus var. borealis (Herder) Cufodontis; S. subdentatus var. polycephalus (Regel) Cufodontis.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, leafy, 2060 cm tall, at first sparsely arachnoid, ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, rosulate, usually present at anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 213 cm, narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent, basally expanded; leaf blade spatulate, linear-spatulate, or oblanceolate, 615(22) Χ 12 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely arachnoid and glabrescent, pinnately veined, base gradually narrowed into petiole, margin entire, subentire, or irregularly mucronulate-dentate, apex obtuse to subacute. Lower stem leaves similar to radical ones. Median ones sessile, lanceolate to linear, 49 Χ 0.51 cm, smaller upward, margin entire or few toothed, apex acute or acute-acuminate. Upper ones linear or linear-subulate, bractlike. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam., 730, arranged in terminal subumbelliform corymbs or compound corymbs; peduncles 1.53 cm, sparsely arachnoid and fulvous-puberulous, basally bracteate; bracts linear-subulate, 78 mm, apically acuminate. Involucres campanulate, 4.55 Χ 45 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1820, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 0.51 mm wide, herbaceous, with narrow membranous margin, glabrous, apex acuminate or long acuminate and green or somewhat purplish. Ray florets 1315, corolla tube ca. 4 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, 67 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 67 mm with ca. 3.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.7 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 69 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr.??.
Wet meadows, damp places; elevation not recorded. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai [Korea, Russia (Far East)].
草原狗舌草 cao yuan gou she cao
Senecio praticola Schischkin & Sergievskaja, Animadvers. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk. No. 12, 28. 1949; S. asiaticus Schischkin & Sergievskaja; S. campestris (Retzius) A. de Candolle var. glabratus A. de Candolle; S. integrifolius var. glabratus (A. de Candolle) Cufodontis; S. subdentatus var. glabellus Cufodontis.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 2040 cm tall, simple, green or purplish at base, glabrous or sparsely arachnoid. Radical leaves present at anthesis; petiole 3.54 cm, not winged or inconspicuously narrowly winged; blade ovate, 24.5 Χ 12 cm, both surfaces inconspicuously arachnoid or subglabrous, base narrowed into petiole, margin sparsely denticulate or subentire, apex obtuse to rounded. Lower stem leaves similar to basal ones. Median stem leaves sessile, usually lanceolate, 34 Χ 0.30.5 cm, base subamplexicaul, margin entire or denticulate, apex rather acute or obtuse. Upper leaves smaller, linear, apex acuminate or acute. Capitula 212, arranged in terminal corymb; peduncles 1.52 cm, not bracteate, white arachnoid. Involucres hemispherical-campanulate, 58 Χ 57(10) mm; phyllaries 15 or 16, herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, sparsely arachnoid or rarely subglabrous, apically acuminate. Ray florets 1220, corolla yellow, tube 34 mm; rays 56 Χ 1.52 mm, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets numerous, corolla yellow, ca. 7 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Anthers linear-oblong, basally obtuse. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. JunJul, fr.??.
Meadows; ??elevation. N Xinjiang (Altai) [??Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
黔狗舌草 qian gou she cao
Senecio pseudosonchus Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Gιogr. Bot. 11: 349. 1902.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 5070 cm tall, rather stout, simple, sparsely arachnoid when young, glabrescent. Radical leaves usually present at anthesis, several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 317 cm, winged, glabrescent, basally expanded; blade ovate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 615 Χ 2.54 cm, papery, both surfaces at first sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1012, base cuneately narrowed into petiole, margin repand with mucronulate teeth, apex obtuse to rarely acute. Lower stem leaves similar to radical ones. Median leaves sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 615 Χ 13 cm, smaller upward, base auriculate and amplexicaul, apex obtuse to acute. Upper leaves linear-lanceolate, bractlike. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., 612 arranged in simple or compound subumbelliform terminal corymbs; peduncles 1.54.5 cm, sparsely pubescent, basally bracteate, not bracteolate, or with a linear-subulate bract in upper part, slightly dilated at apex. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispherical, 56 Χ 67 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 2025, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm wide, herbaceous, with membranous margin, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, apically acuminate. Ray florets 1315, corolla tube ca. 4 mm, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 10 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, 77.5 mm, with 3.84 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1.2 mm, apically papillose. Anthers linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate; style arms ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 77.5 mm. Fl. AprMay, fr.??.
* Streamsides, wet meadows; 300400 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, ??Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi.
朝鲜蒲儿根 zhao xian pu er gen
Senecio koreanus Komarov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 421. 1901; Sinosenecio koreanus (Komarov) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, with leafy stems. Rhizomes 1015 mm in diam., clad in persistent brown petiole bases. Stem solitary, erect, green or purplish, 3060 cm, tall, 34 mm in diam. at base, simple, sparsely arachnoid or pubescent, glabrescent. Radical leaves mostly withered by anthesis, long petiolate; petiole 517 cm, slender, sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, not winged, basally slightly expanded; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, deltoid or deltoid-cordate, 47 Χ 2.54 cm, abaxially sparsely arachnoid-tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base broadly cordate, margin coarsely dentate with deltoid mucronulate teeth, apex acute-acuminate. Lower and median stem leaf petioles 813 cm, slightly winged, basally subamplexicaul; blades similar in shape and size to basal ones, 38 Χ 36 cm, base cordate or hastate. Upper stem leaves shortly petiolate; blades gradually smaller upward, deltoid-lanceolate to lanceolate, base cuneate. Capitula rather numerous, in terminal corymbs; peduncles 23.4 cm, slender, with or without a basal linear bract, usually not bracteolate, glandular puberulous or subglabrous. Involucres campanulate, ca. 5 Χ 46 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 13, uniseriate, oblong or oblong-linear, herbaceous, sparsely puberulous, margin scarious, apically acute to obtuse or shortly acuminate, and white ciliate. Ray florets ca. 7; corolla tube ca. 2.5 cm, glabrous; rays oblong, ca. 8 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, 5.56 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and campanulate limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.7 mm, basally obtuse; appendages ovate-oblong. Style arms recurved. Achenes cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous, ribbed. Pappus white, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun, fr.??.
Moist forests; ??elevation. Jilin (Changbai Shan), ??Liaoning [Korea].
Until recently, this was treated in Sinosenecio, but transferred to Tephroseris on molecular and other evidence (Nordenstam & Pelser, 2007).
[note from C. Jeffrey: If the
adoption of Sinosenecio koreanus instead of Tephroseris koreana, as I propose,
is accepted, then the following change must be made:
delete the distribution paragraph and substitute:
Thirty-eight species, in China 37 species only 3 of which extend outside China, to Korea, Myanmar, and Indochina, and one species in western Canada. In China, mainly in the SW region and W Hubei, many species are endemic to narrow areas.
(n.b. C. Jeffrey also accepts S. noucombei Sinosenecio)]
浙江狗舌草 zhe jiang gou she cao
Senecio pierotii Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 182. 1866; S. subdentatus var. pierotii (Miquel) Cufodontis.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 5060 cm tall, rather stout, simple, arachnoid or ± glabrescent. Radical leaves usually present at anthesis, several, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 410 cm, ± winged, at first arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, basally expanded; leaf blade oblong, narrowly oblong, or oblanceolate, 1220 Χ 1.53 cm, papery, both surfaces at first arachnoid-tomentose, later ± glabrescent, pinnately veined, base cuneate or gradually narrowed into petiole, margin mucronulate-dentate or sometimes subentire, apex obtuse to subacute. Stem leaves rather numerous, sessile; lower ones oblong to oblanceolate, base subamplexicaul; upper ones gradually smaller upward, lanceolate to linear, base broadly subamplexicaul, apex acuminate; uppermost ones bractlike, linear or linear-subulate, white arachnoid-tomentose, apex acute. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., usually 630 arranged in subumbelliform or umbelliform corymbs; peduncles to 5 cm, sparsely arachnoid or pubescent, basally bracteate, not bracteolate; bracts linear-subulate. Involucres hemispherical, 78.5 Χ 1014 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 2022. Corolla lobes broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, with membranous margin, sparsely arachnoid or glabrescent, apex acute-acuminate. Ray florets 2025; corolla tube 46 mm; rays yellow, 78 mm, oblong, 4-veined, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 79 mm, with 56 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-oblong, 11.2 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 2.53 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 79 mm. Fl. AprMay, fr.??.
Marshes, moist places; ??elevation. Fujian, Jiangsu, ??Liaoning, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
台东狗舌草 tai dong gou she cao
Senecio taitoensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30: 156. 1911; S. pierotii Miquel var. taitoensis (Hayata) Kitamura; S. subdentatus (Bunge) Turczaninow var. taitoensis (Hayata) Cufodontis.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 3060 cm tall, simple, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous. Radical leaves few, usually present at anthesis, rosulate; petiole 36 cm, winged, basally expanded; blade ovate-oblong or broadly oblong, 915 Χ 4.56.5 cm, thinly papery, glabrous, base cuneate-attenuate into petiole, margin irregularly repand-dentate to subentire, apex obtuse to rounded, apiculate. Stem leaves few, progressively smaller upward; lower ones shortly petiolate, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, basally subamplexicaul; upper ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, margin few dentate or entire, apically obtuse to subacute; uppermost leaves small, bractlike. Capitula 2.53 cm in diam., 812 arranged in terminal subumbelliform simple or compound corymbs; peduncles 1.54 cm, slender, pubescent, basally bracteate, not bracteolate; bracts linear-subulate. Involucres campanulate, 67 Χ 68 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 2022, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 0.81 mm wide, herbaceous, with narrow membranous margin, glabrous, apex acuminate. Ray florets 1315; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, ca. 12 Χ 2.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets: corolla yellow, 1112 mm, with 88.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 22.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 1011 mm. Fl. MarApr, fr.??.
* Marshes; ??elevation, Taiwan.
腺苞狗舌草 xian bao gou she cao
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 4050 cm tall, simple, rather densely white arachnoid-tomentose, glandular pubescent. Radical leaves several, usually present at anthesis, rosulate, long petiolate; petiole 27 cm, narrowly winged, arachnoid-tomentose, basally expanded; blade obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 612 Χ 1.53 cm, papery, both surfaces white arachnoid-tomentose, base cuneate or attenuate into petiole, margin subentire or obscurely mucronulate-dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate. Stem leaves few, progressively smaller upward. Lower leaves petiolate, oblanceolate-oblong or spatulate, 1215 Χ 1.52.5 cm, attenuate into a broadly winged, basally subamplexicaul petiole; upper ones small, linear-lanceolate or linear. Capitula 33.5 cm in diam., 38 arranged in terminal umbelliform corymbs. Peduncles 39 cm, rather stout, sparsely arachnoid, also brownish glandular hairy, with or without a small linear basal bract, not bracteolate. Involucres broadly campanulate, 89 Χ ca. 10 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 18, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm wide, herbaceous, with narrow membranous margin, densely glandular pubescent with brownish hairs, apically acute-acuminate. Ray florets 1315; corolla tube ca. 7 mm; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 17 Χ 2.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 2- or 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 8.5 mm, with ca. 5.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.7 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 0.8 mm. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 77.5 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
Stony mountain slopes; ??elevation. Not recorded from China, but should be looked for in Heilongjiang, Jilin, adjacent mountains [Russia (Far East)].
天山狗舌草 tian shan gou she cao
Senecio turczaninowii A. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 360. 1838; Cineraria frigida Rich. var. robusta Herder; S. integrifolius (Linnaeus) Clairville subsp. atropurpureus (Ledebour) Cufodontis var. robustus (Herder) Cufodontis.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stems solitary, rarely 2 or 3, erect, 1020 cm tall, simple, at first arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, glandular villous with purplish hairs in upper part. Radical leaves several, present at or withered by anthesis, rosulate; long petiolate; petiole 28 cm, narrowly winged in upper part, sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent, basally expanded; blade oblong-ovate, 310 Χ 12 cm, papery, sparsely white arachnoid, base cuneate or attenuate into petiole, margin entire or sinuate-dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, apiculate. Median stem leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, 410 Χ 0.82 cm, base expanded and subamplexicaul, margin few dentate or subentire, apex obtuse. Upper leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, base cordate and subamplexicaul. Capitula ca. 3 cm in diam., sometimes discoid, 2 or 3(6) arranged in terminal corymbs; peduncles 0.52 cm, densely arachnoid-lanate, bracteate at base, not bracteolate. Involucres broadly campanulate, 812 Χ ca. 10 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1820, dark purple, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, densely glandular villous with dark purple hairs, apex acuminate. Ray florets ca. 15; corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm; rays orange-yellow, oblong, ca. 15 Χ 33.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many, corolla deep yellow, ca. 6.5 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers obtuse at base, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 2.53 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 5.5 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??. 2n = 90, 104.
Montane meadows; up to 3000 m. Xinjiang (Altai) [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
橙舌狗舌草 cheng she gou she cao
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, green or purplish in lower part, 960 cm tall, white floccose-tomentose, often ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, present at anthesis, rosulate, shortly petiolate; petiole 0.53 cm, broadly to narrowly winged, basally expanded; blade ovate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 210 Χ 1.53 cm, papery, both surfaces at first sparsely arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, pinnately veined, base cuneate-attenuate into petiole, margin entire or remotely mucronulate-dentate, apex obtuse to rounded. Lower stem leaves oblong or oblong-spatulate; median leaves sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 36 Χ 0.51 cm, progressively smaller upward, base expanded and subamplexicaul, apex obtuse; upper ones linear-lanceolate to linear, both surfaces sparsely arachnoid and glabrescent to subglabrous, and sparsely to densely pilose, apex acute. Capitula radiate, less often discoid, 220 arranged in dense to lax terminal subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles 14.5 cm, densely to sparsely white arachnoid-tomentose, and pilose, linear-bracteate at base, bracteolate or not. Involucres campanulate, 67 Χ 710 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 2022, wholly fulvous-purple or purple only at apex, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 11.5 mm, herbaceous, densely to sparsely arachnoid and fulvous-pilose to glabrescent, apically acute-acuminate. Ray florets ca. 15, corolla tube ca. 5 mm; rays yellow, 4-veined, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla orange to orange-red or yellow with orange lobes, 78 mm, with 3.54 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 3 mm, glabrous or pubescent. Pappus 3.54 mm, somewhat rufescent. Fl. JunAug, fr.??
Montane meadows; 26004000 m. Gansu, Hebei, SE Qinghai, ??Shaanxi, Shanxi, NW Sichuan, NE Xizang.
1a.. Achenes glabrous ............................................................................................... 10a. var. rufa
1b.. Achenes pubescent ............................................................................... 10b. var. chaetocarpa
橙舌狗舌草 （原变种） cheng she gou she cao (yuan bian zhong)
Senecio rufus Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 291. 1938; S. flammeus Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle var. rufus (Handel-Mazzetti) Z. Y. Zhang & Y. H. Guo.
Achenes glabrous.
Montane meadows; 26004000 m. SW Gansu, ??Hebei, SE Qinghai, ??Shaanxi, NW Sichuan, NE Xizang.
毛果橙舌狗舌草 mao guo cheng she gou she cao
Senecio aurantiacus sensu Y. Ling (1935), not Lessing (1834), nor Reichenbach (1916); ??S. aurantiacus var. glabratus Ledebour; ??S. capitatus (Wahlenberg) Steudel; S. integrifolius (Linnaeus) Clairville subsp. capitatus sensu Handel-Mazzetti (1938); S. integrifolius subsp. capitatus (Wahlenberg) Cufodontis var. alpinus sensu Cufodontis (1933), p.p.; Tephroseris flammea var. chaetocarpa (C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen) Y. M. Yuan.
Achenes pubescent.
* Slopes, meadows, roadsides; 28003200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shanxi.
长白狗舌草 chang bai gou she cao
Senecio phaeanthus Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 110. 1917; S. birubonensis Kitamura; S. fauriae H. Lιveillι & Vaniot (1910), quoad lectotype, nom. illegit, not Franchet (1888); S. integrifolius (Linnaeus) Clairville subsp. fauriei (H. Lιveillι & Vaniot) Kitamura; S. kawakamii Kitamura; Tephroseris birubonensis (Kitamura) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, subscapiform, 1345 cm tall, simple, sparsely arachnoid and pubescent, ± glabrescent after anthesis. Radical leaves few to several, present at anthesis, rosulate; petiole 26(8) cm, densely arachnoid and pubescent, not winged, basally slightly expanded; blade ovate-oblong or elliptic, 613 Χ 24 cm, papery, both surfaces arachnoid and fulvous pubescent, somewhat glabrescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, obscure, margin irregularly sinuate-serrate or dentate with mucronulate teeth, apex rounded. Stem leaves few, progressively smaller upward; lower and median oblong, with winged petioles or sessile, lanceolate, sparsely arachnoid, glandular pubescent, margin subentire or mucronulate-serrate, apex obtuse to acute or acuminate. Capitula 1.82.5 cm in diam., 26(8) arranged in terminal umbelliform corymbs; peduncles 1.54(6) cm, sparsely arachnoid, densely glandular with fulvous hairs, basally bracteate, not bracteolate. Involucres campanulate, 78 Χ 79 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1820, lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, purple and glandular ciliate at margin in upper part, sparsely arachnoid and fulvous-puberulous to glabrescent, margin narrowly scarious, apically acute-acuminate. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla tube 2.53 mm; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 11 Χ 22.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, with fuscous[??fulvous]-purplish lobes, ca. 6.5 mm, with 2.53 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 1 mm. Achenes cylindrical, 33.5 mm, sparsely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
Rocky montane slopes; 20002500 m. Jilin (Changbai Shan) [Korea].
狗舌草 gou she cao
Senecio kirilowii Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 361. 1838; S. amurensis Schischkin; S. aurantiacus (Hoppe ex Willdenow) Lessing var. spathulifolius Miquel; ??S. campestris var. puberula Miquel; S. campestris (Retzius) A. de Candolle var. tomentosus Franchet; S. integrifolius (Linnaeus) Clairville subsp. fauriei sensu Kitamura (1940); S. integrifolius subsp. kirilowii (Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle) Kitagawa; S. integrifolius var. spathulifolius (Miquel) Hara; S. tashiroi Hayata; Tephroseris integrifolia (Linnaeus) Holub subsp kirilowii (Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, rhizomatous. Stems solitary or rarely 2 or 3, erect, subscapiform, 2060 cm tall, densely white arachnoid, sometimes ± glabrescent. Radical leaves several, present at anthesis, rosulate, shortly petiolate; blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 510 Χ 1.52.5 cm, both surfaces densely to sparsely white arachnoid-tomentose, base cuneate to gradually attenuate into narrowly to broadly winged petiole, margin irregularly mucronulate-dentate or subentire, apex obtuse. Stem leaves few, progressively smaller upward; lower ones sessile, oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 48 Χ 0.51.5, base subamplexicaul, apex obtuse to acute; upper ones small, bractlike, lanceolate, apically acute. Capitula 1.52 cm in diam., 311 arranged in ± umbelliform terminal corymbs; peduncles 1.55 cm, densely arachnoid-tomentose, ± glandular with fulvous hairs, basally bracteate, not bracteolate. Phyllaries 1820, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, with narrow membranous margin, densely to sometimes sparsely arachnoid, sometimes ± glabrescent, apically acuminate or acute, and green or purplish. Ray florets 1315; corolla tube 33.5 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 6.57 Χ 2.53 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-denticulate, obtuse. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 4 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2.2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Style arms ca. 1 mm Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm, densely hirsute. Pappus white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. FebAug, fr.??.
Grassy and stony slopes and meadows; 2002000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ??Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
红轮狗舌草 hong lun gou she cao
Senecio flammeus Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 362. 1838; S. flammeus var. glabrifolius Cufodontis; S. flammeus f. limprichtii Cufodontis; S. flammeus f. simplex Y. Ling; Tephroseris flamma (Turczaninow ex A. de Candolle) Holub subsp. glabrifolia (Cufodontis) B. Nordenstam.
Herbs, rhizomatous, with leafy stems. Stem solitary, erect, to 60 cm tall, white arachnoid-tomentose and pubescent, ± glabrescent. Radical leaves withered by anthesis, long petiolate; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, base cuneately narrowed, apex obtuse to acute. Lower stem leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 815 Χ 1.53 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and pubescent or adaxially ± glabrescent and sometimes abaxially also, base cuneately narrowed into winged, subamplexicaul, slightly decurrent petiole, margin irregularly mucronate-dentate, apex obtuse to subacute, mucronulate. Median stem leaves sessile, elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, apically acute to obtuse, mucronulate; upper ones linear-lanceolate to linear, smaller. Capitula ca. 3 cm in diam., 29 arranged in ± umbelliform terminal corymbs; peduncles fulvous-pubescent and usually white arachnoid-tomentose, basally bracteate, 2- or 3-bracteolate. Involucres campanulate, 56 Χ 610 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries ca. 25, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, dark purple, sparsely arachnoid or subglabrous, apex acute. Ray florets 1315; corolla tube 33.5 mm; rays dark orange, linear, 1216 Χ ca. 1.6 mm, 4-veined, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow or purplish yellow, 66.5 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes tinged purplish, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate, Achenes cylindrical, 2.53 mm, pubescent. Pappus whitish, ca. 5.5 mm. Fl. JulAug, fr.??.
Montane meadows, forests; 12002100 m. ??Hebei, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Russia (Far East, E Siberia)].
湿生狗舌草 shi sheng gou she cao
Othonna palustris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 924. 1753; Cineraria congesta R. Brown; C. palustris (Linnaeus) Linnaeus; Senecio arcticus Ruprecht; S. congestus (R. Brown) A. de Candolle; S. gracillimus C. Winkler; S. palustris (Linnaeus) Hooker var. congestus (R. Brown) Komarov; Tephroseris palustris (Linnaeus) Fourreau subsp. congesta (R. Brown) Holub.
Herbs, biennial or annual, with numerous fibrous roots. Stem solitary, erect, 2060 cm tall, hollow, glandular pubescent at upper part, leafy. Radical leaves petiolate, withered by anthesis; lower stem leaves petiolate; median stem leaves sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, 515 Χ 0.71.8 cm, papery, both surfaces glandular pubescent, rarely glabrous, base subamplexicaul, margin coarsely sinuate-serrate to repand-dentate or rarely entire, apex obtuse. Capitula radiate, few to many arranged in dense to lax terminal corymbs; peduncles densely glandular pubescent. Involucres campanulate, 57 Χ 57 mm, not calyculate; phyllaries 1820, green, lanceolate, herbaceous, with membranous margin, sparsely glandular, apically acuminate. Ray florets 2025; corolla tube 33.5; rays pale yellow, elliptic-oblong, ca. 5.5 Χ 2.5, apically obtuse, 2- or 3-denticulate or entire. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, ca. 5 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-lanceolate, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 1.2 mm, basally obtuse, appendages ovate-lanceolate. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus copious, white, 33.5 mm in flower, 1213 mm in fruit. Fl. JunAug, fr.??.
Wet places; 6001000 m. ??Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Nei Mongol [??Mongolia; Circumboreal (except Greenland and most of NW Europe)].
羽叶菊属 ??pinyin transliteration
Senecio Linnaeus Sect. Nemosenecio Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 266. 1937.
Herbs, perennial or biennial, erect, rhizomatous, with fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, herbaceous, green; basal and lower cauline leaves usually fallen by anthesis; petiole unwinged; blade broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, pinnately veined, deeply pinnatipartite into usually lobulate or coarsely paucidentate lobes. Capitula few to moderately numerous in terminal, lax, subumbelliform cymes, heterogamous, radiate; peduncles slender. Involucres ecalyculate, broadly campanulate, cupuliform, or subhemispherical; phyllaries 68 or 1113, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, with minutely puberulous tips and scarious margins. Receptacle convex-hemispherical, alveolate, glabrous. Ray florets 513; rays yellow, linear-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong, 4(6)-veined, apically shortly bifid or 3-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, tube narrow; limb campanulate; lobes 5. Anthers rounded to obtuse at base; filament collars narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical, not or somewhat broader than filaments with uniform cells, endothecial cell wall thickenings scattered or radial, never strictly polarized. Style arms short, apically truncate, with rather short, obtuse marginal papillae; dorsally glabrous or minutely papillate. Achenes cylindrical, ribbed, shortly pubescent or glabrous; carpopodium distinct. Pappus of barbellate bristles, persistent, or absent from all florets, white.
Six species: China and Japan; five endemic species in China, mainly in the southwestern mountain area, except one species endemic to Taiwan.
1a. Pappus absent from all florets ....................................................................... 5. N. concinnus
1b. Pappus present in all florets, at least when young.
2a. Phyllaries usually 68; achenes and ovary glabrous ................................... 4. N. solenoides
2b. Phyllaries more than l0; achenes and ovary pubescent or apically sparsely setose.
3a. Capitula small, involucres 23 Χ 23 mm; rays short, ca. 2 mm ............ 1. N. formosanus
3b. Capitula larger, involucres 4.57 Χ 38 mm; rays 513 mm.
4a. Involucres 34 mm in diam.; leaves usually with 3 or 4(or 5) lateral lobes on each side; rays 57 mm ..................................................................................................... 2. N. incisifolius
4b. Involucres 68 mm in diam.; leaves usually with 6 or 7 lateral lobes on each side; rays 1113 mm 3. N. yunnanensis
台湾刘寄奴 tai wan liu ji nu
Senecio formosanus Kitamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 140. 1934; S. nikoensis Miquel var. formosanus Sasaki.
Biennial, stoloniferous; stems solitary, erect, green or purple, 960 cm tall, simple or branched above, ± pubescent with white crisped hairs. Basal leaves usually shed by anthesis; lower and median cauline leaves petiolate; blade green abaxially, pale green adaxially, ovate-oblong, 2.515 Χ 1.56 cm, pinnatipartite or subbipinnatipartite with 36 lateral lobes on each side, both surfaces puberulous; lateral lobes spreading, ovate-oblong or oblong, usually 36-denticulate, apex acute to obtuse; upper cauline leaves progressively smaller, shortly petiolate. Capitula few to many, pseudo-umbellate, pedunculate, 810 mm across rays; peduncles 0.52.2 cm, slender, minutely puberulous, ebracteolate. Involucres cupuliform, 23 Χ 23 mm; phyllaries 13, uniseriate, narrowly oblong, 34 Χ ca. 1 mm, herbaceous, externally glabrous, margin hyaline, ciliate, apex acuminate. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla tube ca. 2.5 mm; rays oblong, ca. 2 Χ 1 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 3.5 mm, with tube ca. 2.5 mm and campanulate limb; lobes 5, ovate-triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, apex acute. Anthers oblong, ca. 0.5 mm, obtuse to rounded at base. Style branches ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes (immature) 11.2 mm, puberulous. Pappus persistent, white, 4.55 mm. Fl. Aug.
* Mountain slopes; 23002900 m. Taiwan (Gaoxiong).
刻裂羽叶菊 ke lie yu ye ju
Senecio incisifolius J. F. Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 127. 1916; S. incisifolius var. gracilior Ling.
Stems solitary, erect or ± flexuose, 3075 cm tall, sparsely puberulous or glabrous. Basal and lower cauline leaves shed by anthesis; median cauline leaves petiolate; blade ovate-oblong, 510 Χ 36 cm, rather thickly herbaceous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely white pilose on veins, pinnatipartite with 35 lateral lobes on each side; lateral lobes subopposite or alternate, oblong, margin acutely coarsely (l)35-dentate, apex acute or acuminate. Capitula (4)1530 in terminal subumbelliform corymbs, 1.52 cm across rays; peduncles 1.53(4) cm, slender, sparsely fulvous-puberulous. Involucres broadly campanulate or subhemispherical, 34 mm wide; phyllaries 1013, subuniseriate to subbiseriate, oblong, ca. 5 Χ 11.5 mm, glabrous, with puberulous tips and scarious margins, obscurely 35-veined, apex acute or acuminate. Ray florets 7 or 8; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays linear-oblong, 57 Χ 11.5 mm, 4-veined, apically 3-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 44.5 mm with tube ca. 2 mm and distinctly campanulate limb; lobes 5, equal, ovate-triangular. Anthers 11.2 mm, obtuse to rounded at base. Style branches ca. 0.7 mm. Achenes narrowly cylindrical, 1.31.5 mm, minutely puberulous. Pappus persistent, 45 mm. Fl. Aug.
* Mixed woods; 22002800 m. Yunnan.
滇羽叶菊 dian yu ye ju
Stems solitary, erect, 5070 cm tall, sparsely adpressed pubescent in upper parts. Lower leaves usually shed by anthesis; median cauline leaves petiolate; petiole 0.51.5 cm, sparsely puberulous, somewhat expanded at base; blade green abaxially, dull adaxially, ovate-oblong, 516 Χ 2.57 cm, rather thinly herbaceous, abaxially sparsely setulose-puberulous, adaxially ± glabrescent, pinnatipartite with 6 or 7 lateral lobes on each side; lateral lobes subopposite or alternate, ovate-oblong, apex acute or shortly acuminate, usually 13(or 4)-lobulate; lobules oblong-ovate, apex acuminate. Capitula 614 in terminal or upper axillary subumbelliform corymbs; peduncles somewhat flexuose, 23 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous. Involucres broadly campanulate, 68 mm wide; phyllaries 1013, subuniseriate or subbiseriate, ovate-lanceolate, 67 Χ l.33 mm, herbaceous, externally puberulous, with thin margins and puberulous tips, faintly many veined, apex acute. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla tube 23 mm long; rays linear-oblanceolate, 1113 mm, 4(6)-veined, apically shortly 3-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 44.5 mm, with tube 22.5 mm and campanulate limb; lobes 5, equal, ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apex acute. Anthers ca. 1.3 mm, obtuse to rounded at base. Style branches 0.60.7 mm, dorsally minutely papillate. Achenes narrowly cylindrical, 1.51.8 mm, shortly pubescent especially in upper half, or subglabrous. Pappus persistent, 44.5 mm. Fl. JulAug.
* Grasslands, scrub; 17002800 m. W Guizhou, E Yunnan.
茄状羽叶菊 qie zhuang yu ye ju
Senecio solenoides Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 508. 1938.
Stems erect, 5090 cm tall, simple, glabrous. Lower leaves shed by anthesis; median cauline leaves petiolate; petiole 34 cm, shorter in upper leaves, sparsely puberulous to nearly glabrous; blade broadly ovate, 612 Χ 312 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially minutely pubescent, deeply pinnatisect with 3 or 4 lateral lobes on each side; lateral lobes subopposite, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, coarsely and irregularly 35-dentate, teeth mucronate; terminal lobe subequaling lateral ones. Capitula 59 in terminal subumbelliform corymbs, 1.52 cm across rays; peduncles 0.81.8 cm, slender, sparsely glandular. Involucres campanulate, 56 Χ ca. 3 mm; phyllaries 68, subuniseriate, ovate-oblong, ca. 5 x 1.22 mm, herbaceous, externally minutely puberulous, with puberulous tips and pale brown scarious margins, apex obtuse or acuminate. Ray florets 59; corolla tube ca. 2.7 mm; rays linear or oblong-linear, ca. 8 Χ 11.5 mm, 5-veined, apically shortly 2-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 44.5 mm, with tube 22.5 mm and campanulate limb; lobes 5, equal, ovate-triangular, ca. 1.5 mm. Anthers 11.5 mm, obtuse to rounded at base. Style arms 0.70.8 mm. Achenes narrowly cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus persistent, ca. 4 mm. Fl. AugNov.
* Mountains; ca. 1800 m. S Yunnan.
裸果羽叶菊 luo guo yu ye ju
Senecio concinnus Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 10: 418. 1896.
Stems solitary, erect, 3570 cm tall, slender, subglabrous. Basal leaves shed by anthesis; cauline leaves petiolate; petiole 12 cm, slender, glabrous; blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 412 Χ 1.54.5 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous, deeply pinnatipartite with 46 lobes on each side; lateral lobes obovate-oblong and 2- or 3-lobulate, or linear and entire, basally cuneate, apex mucronate; terminal lobe subequaling lateral ones. Capitula 13(6), terminal, lax; peduncles 12 cm, slender, sparsely puberulous. Involucres depressed-campanulate, ca. 5 Χ 57 mm; phyllaries ca. 13, subuniseriate, oblong-lanceolate. 45 Χ ca. 1 mm, herbaceous, externally glabrous, with scarious margins and minutely puberulous or ciliate tips, 35-veined, apex acute or acuminate. Ray florets ca. 13; corolla tube ca. 1.5 mm; rays pale yellow, linear-oblong or linear, 78.5 Χ 1.31.8 mm, 4-veined, apically shortly 3-dentate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 2.53 mm, with tube ca. 1 mm and campanulate limb; lobes 5, equal, ovate-triangular, ca. 0.8 mm. Anthers ca. 1 mm, obtuse to rounded at base. Style arms ca. 0.5 mm. Achenes (immature) narrowly cylindrical, 1.5l.7 mm, sparsely hispidulous. Pappus absent. Fl. Jul.
* Woods; ca. 1900 m. NE Sichuan.
合耳菊 he er ju
Senecio Linnaeus subg. Synotis C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 177. 1876, excl. sect. Scandentes C. B. Clarke; Senecio Sect. Synotis Bentham.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, rhizomatous, erect or sometimes scrambling or ± scandent. Rhizomes woody. Stems usually leafless in lower part at anthesis, leafy above or with leaves subrosulate at base of inflorescence. Leaves simple, petiolate or sessile, broadly ovate-cordate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, pinnately veined, rarely 3-veined from near base, base sometimes auriculate, margin usually not lobed, rarely deeply pinnately divided, usually mucronulate-serrate or dentate. Capitula few to very numerous, arranged in terminal or axillary and narrow to broad and abundant thyrses, heterogamous and radiate or disciform, or homogamous and discoid, erect or ascending, pedunculate or sometimes subsessile. Involucres calyculate, campanulate or cylindrical; receptacle flat; phyllaries (2)4 or 5 or 7 or 8 or 1115, free, herbaceous to leathery, margin scarious. Ray florets or filiform pistillate florets absent or 110(20); rays yellow, conspicuous or inconspicuous, sometimes minute, (1)4(6)-veined, apically not or (1)3(5)-denticulate. Disc florets 1 to many; corolla yellow, sometimes pale yellow or cream; limb infundibuliform, lobes 5. Anthers linear-oblong or linear, usually distinctly caudate, tail 1/32 Χ as long as filament collar, rarely subcaudate with tail only 1/4 as long as filament collar; filament collar balusterform to nearly cylindrical, stout, basally hardly to rather distinctly dilated, with somewhat enlarged basal lateral cells; endothecial cell wall thickenings few to numerous, radial, cells usually short. Style arms truncate or convex, with short to long marginal papillae and often with a central tuft of sometimes longer papillae. Achenes cylindrical, ribbed, glabrous or less often pubescent. Pappus capillary, uniform, white, stramineous or rufescent.
About 54 species endemic to the Sino-Himalayan region, except for the single species Synotis atractylidifolia, which occurs in Helan Shan, Ningxia; 43 species recorded in China (??# endemic).
The genus is divisible into two well-marked sections and five series, not included here.
1a. Plant with leaves subrosulate at base of inflorescence, herbaceous; lower part of stem when developed leafless; inflorescence terminal; leaves adaxially never white tomentose.
2a. Leaves basally cordate to rounded, abruptly narrowed into winged or not winged petiole.
3a. Ray florets 25, conspicuous; phyllaries 7 or 8.
4a. Ray florets 2, rays ca. 2.5 mm; petioles broadly to narrowly winged 14. S. ainsliifolia
4b. Ray florets 4 or 5, rays ca. 4 mm; petioles not winged .................. 11. S. pseudoalata
3b. Ray florets absent to 2, minute; phyllaries 4 or 5.
5a. Petiole not winged; phyllaries ± glabrous ........................................... 12. S. wallichii
5b. Petiole winged, rarely not; phyllaries setose ............................................ 13. S. alata
2b. Leaves basally cuneate, gradually attenuate into winged or not winged petioles.
6a. Capitula discoid.
7a. Involucres 34 mm; phyllaries 1012; pappus scant, 23 mm ........... 8. S. brevipappa
7b. Involucres 67 mm; phyllaries 5; pappus abundant, 68 mm.
8a. Petioles narrowly winged to base; pappus pure white; subinvolucral bracts to 6 mm 9. S. sciatrephes
8b. Petioles not winged to base; pappus off-white, sordid; subinvolucral bracts not more than 3 mm 10. S. nayongensis
6b. Capitula radiate.
9a. Involucres 57 Χ 24 mm.
10a. Phyllaries 1012; involucres 57 Χ 36 mm; rays 910 mm ........... 1. S. cavaleriei
10b. Phyllaries 8; involucres ca. 5 Χ 23 mm; rays ca. 5 mm ................. 2. S. duclouxii
9b. Involucres 1011 Χ 56 mm.
11a. Rays 611 mm, subinvolucral bracts 46 mm.
12a. Phyllaries 1315; leaves adaxially finely sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and glabrescent 4. S. fulvipes
12b. Phyllaries ca. 10; leaves adaxially very sparsely setulose or glabrous 6. S. austroyunnanensis
11b. Rays 3.55 mm; subinvolucral bracts to 3 mm.
13a. Stems sparsely arachnoid-tomentose; leaves narrowly elliptic, apically caudate-acuminate, adaxially adpressed pilose; subinvolucral bracts 10; phyllaries 12, basally sparsely arachnoid 7. S. damiaoshanica
13b. Stems densely fulvous-tomentose; leaves obovate-spatulate or obovate-elliptic, apically obtuse or shortly acute, adaxially gray-white tomentose; subinvolucral bracts 7 or 8; phyllaries 911, glabrous ............................................................................... 5. S. changiana
1b. Plant with leaves ± equally distributed on stems, herbaceous, scandent or suffrutescent; inflorescences terminal and axillary; leaves adaxially sometimes white tomentose.
14a. Stems weak, flexuous; plant scandent or subscandent; capitula heterogamous.
15a. Involucres 45.5 Χ 11.5 mm; leaves ovate, basally cordate or cuneate .. 15. S. tetrantha
15b Involucres ca. 11 Χ 2 mm; leaves rounded at base............................................ 16. S. yui
14b. Stems ± erect; plant not scandent, ± erect; capitula heterogamous or homogamous.
16a. Capitula few, in terminal or axillary groups of 15; involucres 811 Χ 2.27 mm; leaves adaxially sparsely setose or thinly arachnoid, never densely white tomentose.
17a. Subinvolucral bracts conspicuous, to 6 mm; leaves membranous ....... 20. S. chingiana
17b. Subinvolucral bracts inconspicuous, to 3 mm, leaves papery.
18a. Capitula discoid ............................................................................... 19. S. sinica
18b. Capitula radiate.
19a. Ray florets 7, rays 910 mm; leaves elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic 17. S. hieraciifolia
19b. Ray florets 5, rays ca. 3 mm; leaves oblanceolate-oblong ... 18. S. guizhouensis
16b. Capitula numerous, in flat-topped terminal corymbs, rounded axillary terminal corymbs, or large terminal thyrses; involucres to 7 mm, if larger, then leaves adaxially densely white tomentose.
20a. Inflorescences ± flat-topped terminal corymbs.
21a. Leaves shortly petiolate, abaxially glabrous; pappus stramineous.
22a. Phyllaries 3 or 4, ca. 7 mm; ray floret 1, minutely radiate ........ 37. S. acuminata
22b. Phyllaries 5, ca. 5 mm; ray florets 2 or 3, conspicuously radiate 38. S. calocephala
21b. Leaves sessile, abaxially tomentose, or if glabrous, then pappus white.
23a. Capitula radiate.
24a. Leaves abaxially thinly arachnoid-tomentose; pappus stramineous, achenes glabrous; rays 57 mm ................................................................................. 41. S. birmanica
24b. Leaves abaxially glabrous; pappus white; achenes hairy; rays 810 mm 43. S. atractylidifolia
23b. Capitula discoid.
25a. Stem leaves 2 or 3, long petiolate, blade reniform or cordate-reniform, margin undulate-dentate; capitula solitary, racemose; phyllaries and florets 5 39. S. reniformis
25b. Stem leaves numerous, sessile or subsessile, blade narrowly oblong-elliptic to lanceolate; capitula numerous, arranged in dense corymbs; phyllaries 8; florets 811.
26a. Leaves abaxially thinly arachnoid-tomentose .................... 40. S. lucorum
26b. Leaves abaxially densely white tomentose .............. 42. S. setchuanensis
20b. Inflorescences ± rounded axillary and terminal corymbs, or terminal pyramidal thyrses.
27a. Capitula arranged in terminal thyrses; florets 14(or 5), all perfect.
28a. Leaves divided.
29a. Leaves deeply pinnatipartite; lateral lobes (2 or)3 or 4 pairs, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ............................................................................ 32. S. vaniotii
29b. Leaves 35-lobed or deeply palmatipartite, lobes ovate-triangular or oblong-lanceolate.
30a. Leaves shallowly 35-lobed; involucres 67 mm; phyllaries and florets 5; achenes hairy .................................................................................... 30. S. muliensis
30b. Leaves deeply 5-palmatipartite; phyllaries and florets 3; achenes glabrous 31. S. palmatisecta
28b. Leaves undivided.
31a. Petioles expanded into an amplexicaul auricle, leaves triangular-ovate or triangular-hastate, both surfaces brown pubescent; phyllaries and florets 5; pappus purplish brown 26. S. otophylla
31b. Petioles not expanded, without an auricle, leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely cordate, adaxially pubescent to subglabrous; phyllaries and florets 2 or 3(or 4).
32a. Leaves cordate or ovate-cordate, subleathery, palmately veined, adaxially veins yellow puberulous; phyllaries and florets 3; pappus reddish ........ 28. S. cordifolia
32b. Leaves not cordate, papery or thinly papery, pinnately veined; adaxially veins shortly pubescent or subglabrous; phyllaries and florets 24; pappus pale reddish brown or sordid.
33a. Inflorescences broad, lax pyramidal thyrses; phyllaries and florets 2 or 3; achenes glabrous or hairy; pappus pale reddish brown or stramineous 29. S. erythropappa
33b. Inflorescences narrow, dense pyramidal thyrses; phyllaries 4 or 5, florets 3; achenes hairy, pappus white ............................................... 27. S. solidaginea
27b. Capitula arranged in axillary and terminal corymbs; florets 535, with at least 1 marginal filiform or radiate pistillate floret present.
34a. Leaves abaxially white tomentose.
35a. Involucres 1.52 mm wide; florets 1115.
36a. Lateral main veins of leaves with pale yellow-brown hairs 21. S. xantholeuca
36b. Lateral main veins of leaves with conspicuous dark brown hairs 22. S. yakoensis
35b. Involucres 24 mm wide; florets 1935.
37a. Capitula disciform or minutely radiate .......................... 25. S. nagensium
37b. Capitula conspicuously radiate.
38a. Inflorescences and phyllaries white arachnoid-tomentose, at most with some brown hairs intermixed; ray florets ca. 8 ................................... 23. S. cappa
38b. Inflorescences and phyllaries conspicuously ferrugineous tomentose; ray florets 1420 .............................................................................. 24. S. ionodasys
34b. Leaves abaxially not white tomentose.
39a. Pappus white.
40a. Capitula conspicuously radiate, ray florets 8.
41a. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose; rays ca. 3.5 mm .. 23. S. cappa
41b. Leaves glabrous; rays ca. 6 mm ................................... 3. S. longipes
40b. Capitula minutely radiate, ray florets 25.
42a. Corymbs dense, glomeruliform, 24 cm .................... 33. S. glomerata
42b. Corymbs more lax, spreading, 4.510 cm.
43a. Capitula ca. 4 Χ 2.7 mm; phyllaries 8 ................. 36. S. saluenensis
43b. Capitula 3.54 Χ ca. 1.5 mm; phyllaries 4 or 5.
44a. Leaves ovate or elliptic, basally not auriculate; ray florets 3 or 4 34. S. triligulata
44b. Leaves narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong-elliptic, basally auriculate; ray florets 2 .................................................................. 35. S. auriculata
昆明合耳菊 kun ming he er ju
Senecio cavaleriei H. Lιveillι, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 537. 1913.
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous, vegetatively subacaulescent. Rhizome short, swollen, irregularly tuberous, woody. Vegetative stem short, to 5 cm, densely fulvous-lanate, especially around leaf bases. Flowering stems solitary or few, scapiform, leafless, branching from base or in upper part, 542 cm tall, finely fulvous tomentose, ± glabrescent. Leaves basal, subrosulate, subsessile or shortly petiolate; petiole 0.51 cm, sparsely to densely pubescent; blade obovate to oblanceolate or sometimes subpandurate, 420 Χ 28 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely finely arachnoid-pubescent, glabrescent and sometimes purple, adaxially sparsely setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1018, midvein prominent adaxially, base cuneate-attenuate, margin subentire to shallowly repand-dentate, apex sometimes shortly acuminate, obtuse. Capitula radiate, 1.52.5 cm in diam., few to numerous, arranged in often rather narrow and elongated compound corymbs; peduncles 1.55 cm, slender, basally bracteate, shortly ± tomentose, with 36 linear or linear-lanceolate, 512 mm, thinly pubescent bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 57 Χ 36 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 68, linear or linear-subulate; phyllaries 1012, oblong, 12 mm wide, herbaceous, sometimes purplish, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose to subglabrous, margin scarious, apically acuminate and puberulous. Ray florets 8; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 910 Χ 2.53 mm, 4- or 5-veined, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets ca. 20, corolla yellow, 77.5 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 1.2 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm, anther tails 3/4 as long as to subequalling filament collar; appendages ovate-oblong; filament collar slightly dilated at base. Style arms ca. 1.2 mm, fringed with spreading papillae and with a prominent central tuft of long papillae. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 77.5 mm. Fl. OctNov, fr.??.
* Rocky places, slopes, by streams and waterfalls; 17003000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
滇东合耳菊 dian dong he er ju
Senecio duclouxii Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 504. 1903; S. cichoriifolius H. Lιveillι.
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous, woody at base. Vegetative stem solitary, 2040 cm tall, somewhat tomentose especially in lower part, ± glabrescent, leafless except at apex. Flowering stems several, scapiform, short, branching from base, 79 cm tall, fine arachnoid-pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves crowded in a rosette at base of inflorescence, shortly petiolate; petiole 0.52 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; blade obovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 822 Χ 39 cm, papery, abaxially very thinly arachnoid at first and soon glabrous, adaxially glabrous, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1820, arcuate-ascending, adaxially like midvein prominent, base cuneate, margin remotely shallowly to coarsely sinuate-denticulate especially in upper half, apex acuminate or acute. Capitula radiate, ca. 1 cm in diam., numerous, arranged in much branched corymbose clusters; peduncles 515 mm, basally bracteate, usually with 1 or 2 linear bracteoles, arachnoid-pubescent. Involucres narrowly campanulate, ca. 5 Χ 23 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 3 or 4; phyllaries 8, oblong, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, arachnoid-tomentose, ± glabrescent, margin broadly scarious, apically acute and puberulous. Ray florests 610; corolla tube ca. 4 mm, slender, glabrous; rays yellow, oblong-lanceolate, 67 Χ 1.52 mm, 4-veined, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets ca. 8; corolla 89 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 2.7 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 4 mm; anther tails ca. 1 and 1/3 Χ as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-oblong; filament collars slightly dilated at base. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, fringed with fine papillae and with a distinct central tuft of long papillae. Achenes cylindrical, 1.82 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. Nov, fr.??.
* Mixed forests; 7002500 m. Yunnan.
长柄合耳菊 chang bing he er ju
Herbs, perennial, basal parts unknown. Stems erect, ca. 60 cm tall, glabrous. Leaves cauline, shortly petiolate; blade oblanceolate, 1228 Χ 3.55.5 cm, base attenuate into petiole, margin coarsely sinuate-dentate, apex acute-acuminate. Uppermost leaves elliptic, smaller, margin mucronulate-serrulate, apex acute-acuminate. Capitula radiate, 11.5 cm in diam., numerous, arranged in abundant, long-stalked terminal and upper axillary compound corymbs; peduncles 610 mm, slender, sparsely arachnoid, bracteate at base, with a few minute subulate bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 45 Χ 23 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 2 or 3, subulate; phyllaries 8, oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, sparsely arachnoid, margin broadly scarious, apex subacute and shortly barbellate. Ray florets 8; corolla tube ca. 3 mm; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 6 Χ 1.5 mm, 4-veined, apically obtuse, obscurely 3-denticulate. Disc florets ca. 10, corolla ca. 7 mm, with ca. 3.2 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 3 mm; anther tails ca. 5/6 as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-lanceolate; filament collars distinctly dilated at base. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, fringed with obtuse papillae and with a longer central tuft. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm; glabrous. Pappus dirty white, ca. 6 mm. Fl. Feb, fr.??.
* Roadsides; ??elevation. Yunnan (Zhaotong).
??vernacular name
Senecio fulvipes Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 5: 27. 1937; S. handelianus B. Nordenstam, nom. illegit. superfl.; S. hunanensis Handel-Mazzetti (1937), not Y. Ling (1937).
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous, vegetatively subacaulescent; rhizome short, woody, somewhat swollen. Vegetative stem short, to 10 cm, fulvous-tomentose, densely so around leaf base. Flowering stem solitary, ascending-erect, scapiform, few branched, densely fulvous-tomentose, 1722 cm tall. Leaves subbasal, subrosulate, subsessile, obovate-lanceolate, 613 Χ 25.5 cm, papery or subleathery, abaxially scattered-setulose, adaxially finely sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and glabrescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 810, arcuate-ascending, base cuneate-attenuate, margin rather remotely and coarsely mucronately sinuate-serrate or repand-dentate, apex obtusely acuminate-mucronate. Flowering stem leaves few, small, oblanceolate-spatulate, or reduced to narrow bracts. Capitula radiate, 1.52 cm in diam., terminal in 2- or 3-headed clusters, shortly pedunculate. Involucres campanulate, 810 Χ 58 mm, tomentose at base, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 1012, linear or linear-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 1/2 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries 1315, oblong-linear, 12 mm wide, herbaceous, sparely pubescent to glabrous, margin scarious, apically acute to acute-acuminate and puberulous. Ray florets 610, corolla tube 56 mm; rays yellow, elliptic-oblong, 611 Χ 2.52.7 mm, 4-veined, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many (ca. 30); corolla yellow, 911 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm. Anthers ca. 4 mm; anther tail slightly exceeding filament collars; appendages ovate-oblong; filament collars gradually expanded toward base. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, obtuse, fringed with numerous long fine papillae and with slender terminal tuft of somewhat longer papillae. Achenes (immature) cylindrical, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 89 mm. Fl. AugOct, fr.??.
* Dense valley forests; ca. 1100 m. Hunan, Jiangxi.
肇骞合耳菊 zhao jian he er zu
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome stout, ca. 2 cm in diam. Vegetative stem solitary, 4050 cm tall, simple, 34 mm in diam. at base, lower part long naked, at first arachnoid, ± glabrescent, upper part fulvous-tomentose. Leaves usually densely crowded at middle part, rosulate or subrosulate, shortly petiolate; petiole 1.52.5 cm, stout, densely tomentose; blade adaxially dark green, obovate-spatulate or elliptic-obovate, 814 Χ 47 cm, papery, abaxially gray-white arachnoid-tomentose, adaxially arachnoid, glabrescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1418 pairs, arcuate-ascending, base broadly cuneate, margin irregularly mucronately sinuate-serrate, apex obtuse to subacute. Upper leaves sessile, bractlike, linear, small. Capitula radiate, usually 25 in terminal corymbs; inflorescence to 4 cm, densely fulvous-tomentose, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, bracteate at base; bracts linear, 57 mm, apically acute. Involucres campanulate, 810 Χ 1012 mm, base fulvous-tomentose, with 7 or 8 linear-subulate equal bracteoles; phyllaries 911, oblong-lanceolate, 810 Χ 2.53 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, with broadly scarious margin, inconspicuously 3-veined, apically slightly acute or obtuse. Ray florets 5 or 6, corolla tube 33.5 mm, slender; rays yellow, oblong, ca. 5 Χ 11.5 mm, 4- or 5-veined, apically 3-denticulate. Disc florets many, corolla yellow, 78 mm, with 23 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, apically acute. Anthers linear, 34 mm, basally caudate, filament collars slightly expanded. Style arms excurved, apically obtuse, papillose. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 78 mm. Fl. OctNov, fr.??.
* Lax forests; ??elevation. Guangxi.
滇南合耳菊 dian nan he er ju
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome woody, branching. Vegetative stem solitary, 1745 cm, sparsely fulvous-villous, glabrescent, leafless except at apex. Flowering stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 1025 cm tall, few branched, fulvous-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves crowded in a rosette at base of flowering stems, shortly petiolate; petiole 1.52 cm, stout, sparsely ferruginous pubescent; blade oblanceolate-elliptic or obovate, 717 Χ 25 cm, papery or subleathery, abaxially sparsely pilose to subglabrous and sometimes purple, adaxially very sparsely setulose or glabrous, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, arcuately ascending, inconspicuous, base cuneate-attenuate into petiole, margin remotely and often coarsely mucronately sinuate-serrate or repand-dentate, apex acute-acuminate-mucronate. Flowering stem leaves few, much smaller, elliptic or lanceolate; uppermost ones narrow, bractlike. Capitula radiate, 27 in terminal corymbose clusters; peduncles 0.52.5 mm, densely fulvous-villous, bracteate, with 2 or 3 linear or linear-lanceolate, 815 mm, apically acute, sparsely villous bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 811 Χ 57 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 811, linear, 1/31/2 as long as phyllaries, glabrous or sparsely villous, apically acute; phyllaries ca. 10, pale green, oblong-linear, 1.53 mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous, 35-veined, margin broadly scarious, apically acute, puberulous. Ray florets 69, corolla tube ca. 6 mm; rays yellow, elliptic-oblong, 810 Χ 22.5 mm, apically obtuse, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, 99.5 mm, with 35 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 4 mm, anther tails ca. 1 and 1/4 Χ as long as filament collar; appendages ovate-lanceolate, filament collars stout, basally broadly dilated. Style arms ca. 2 mm, apically obtuse, fringed with long, rather fine papillae, central tuft only slightly longer than others. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, 89 mm. Fl. OctNov, fr.??.
* Mixed forests, thickets; 10001700 m. Guizhou, S Yunnan.
大苗山合耳菊 da miao shan he er ju
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Vegetative stem solitary, ca. 30 cm, thinly arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, leafless except in upper part. Flowering stem solitary, erect, scapiform, ca. 13 cm tall, arachnoid-tomentose. Leaves rather crowded at base of flowering stems, shortly petiolate; petiole 35 cm, stout, densely pubescent; blade narrowly elliptic, 711 Χ 13 cm, papery, abaxially shortly scattered-pilose, thinly pubescent on veins and purple, adaxially scattered-setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, arcuate-ascending, base cuneate, margin rather distantly apiculate-serrate, apex caudate-acuminate. Flowering stem leaves few, small; upper ones bractlike. Capitula radiate, 3 or 4 in terminal corymbose clusters; peduncles ca. 10 mm, densely arachnoid-tomentose, bracteate, with 13 linear-lanceolate bracteoles. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 1011 Χ ca. 7 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 10, linear-lanceolate, to 1/4 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries ca. 12, oblong-lanceolate, 1.52 mm wide, herbaceous, margin broadly scarious, subglabrous or sparsely arachnoid at base, inconspicuously 3-veined, apically acute or acuminate and puberulous. Ray florets ca. 6, corolla tube 55.5 mm; rays yellow, oblong, 3.54 Χ ca. 1 mm, 3- or 4-veined, 3-denticulate. Disc florets many; corolla yellow, ca. 8.5 mm, with ca. 2 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm, anther tails 1 2/32 Χ as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-lanceolate; filament collars rather elongated, basally gradually dilated. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, apically obtuse. Achenes cylindrical, 3.54 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7.5 mm. Fl. Oct, fr.??.
* Open forests; 12001500 m. Guangxi (Damiaoshan, Yuanbao Shan).
短缨合耳菊 duan ying he er zu
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome short, woody, branching. Vegetative stems 1 or 2, erect or ascending, ca. 50 cm or more, thinly floccose-tomentose, and shortly fuscous-pubescent, glabrescent, leafless except at apex. Flowering stem solitary, scapiform, few branched, thinly arachnoid, 1040 cm tall, erect. Leaves crowded, subrosulate at base of flowering stems, shortly petiolate; petiole 315 mm, arachnoid-tomentose; blade obovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate-elliptic, 1225(29) Χ 38 cm, papery, abaxially thinly arachnoid especially on veins and glabrescent, adaxially shortly scattered-setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1822, arcuate-ascending, rather prominently reticulate adaxially, base cuneate or cuneate-attenuate, margin sharply antrorsely mucronate-serrate, apex acute-acuminate-attenuate. Stem leaves few, sessile, smaller. Capitula discoid, moderately numerous, arranged in orbicular terminal corymbs; peduncles 210 mm, fulvous-tomentose, bracteate; bracteoles 1 or 2, linear. Involucres subcylindrical, 34 Χ 23 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 46, linear, to 1/2 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries 1012, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, subleathery, margin narrowly scarious, subglabrescent, apically subacute or obtuse, puberulous and slightly spreading. Ray florets absent. Disc florets ca. 20, corolla pale yellow, ca. 7 mm, with ca. 2.7 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform or tubular limb, much exserted from involucre, contracted at mouth; lobes erect, ovate-oblong, ca. 0.7 mm, apically acute, puberulous. Anthers ca. 3 mm, anther tails ca. 1 1/4 [??in original Chinese text, 1 1/3] as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-oblong; filament collars slightly dilated toward base. Style arms ca. 0.7 mm, fringed with long fine papillae; central tuft not markedly differentiated. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Pappus 23 mm, shorter than corolla tube, setae few, easily deciduous. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
* Open forests, dry slopes; 24002700. Xizang (Delai Valley).
林荫合耳菊 lin yin he er ju
Senecio sciatrephes W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 118. 1913.
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome thick, woody, creeping, branching. Vegetative stem solitary, erect or ascending, 720 cm, glabrous, leafless except at apex. Flowering stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 2050 cm tall, branching from near base or in upper part, arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves crowded, subrosulate at base of flowering stems, sessile; blade oblanceolate-oblong or elliptic, 1222 Χ 46 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely floccose-tomentose and glabrescent, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1012, arcuate-ascending, base cuneate or attenuate into a 410 cm, gradually attenuate, winged petiole, slightly amplexicaul, margin remotely shortly mucronately sinuate-serrate, apex acute-acuminate. Capitula discoid, numerous, arranged in rather dense orbicular 312-headed corymbs, terminal on usually rather short or strictly ascending inflorescence branches, the whole forming a rather narrow paniculoid thyrse; peduncles short, ca. 2 mm, arachnoid-tomentose, bracteate, 1-bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles linear, to 10 mm, sparsely tomentose or subglabrous. Involucres cylindrical, ca. 6 Χ 1.52 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 35, linear, ca. 1/2 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries 5, oblong-linear, triangular-acuminate, herbaceous, glabrous, margin scarious, apically subobtuse, shortly barbellate and purplish. Ray florets absent. Disc florets 5 or 6; corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb, exserted from involucre; lobes ovate-oblong, 11.2 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm; anther tails ca. 3/4 as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-lanceolate; filament collars rather long, robust, basally distinctly dilated. Style arms ca. 1 mm, fringed with abundant, moderately long papillae, those of central tuft somewhat exceeding laterals. Achenes (immature) cylindrical, 1.72 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 5.5 mm. Fl. OctDec, fr.??.
* Open and shaded thickets; 24003000 m. Yunnan.
纳拥合耳菊 na yong he er ju
Herbs, perennial, erect, rhizomatous. Rhizome thick, woody, creeping. Vegetative stem solitary, erect, ca. 35 cm; sparsely pubescent, glabrescent to glabrous, leafless except at apex. Flowering stem solitary, erect, scapiform, 3560 cm tall, shortly branching, thinly arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves crowded, subrosulate at base of flowering stems; petiole 12.5 cm, not winged, slightly expanded at base; blade oblanceolate-obovate, 1020 Χ 36 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely arachnoid, glabrescent to subglabrous, adaxially scattered-setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, arcuate-ascending, base cuneate-attenuate into petiole, margin shallowly sinuate-apiculate or repand-apiculate, apex subacute-acuminate. Flowering stem leaves few, remote, much smaller. Capitula discoid, numerous, arranged in rather dense 37-headed corymbs, terminal on short inflorescence branches, the whole forming a somewhat attenuate narrowly paniculoid thyrse; peduncles 35 mm, densely fulvous-tomentose, 1- or 2-bracteolate; bracts linear. Involucres cylindrical, ca. 6 Χ 22.5 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 35, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1/41/3 as long as phyllaries; phyllaries 5, narrowly oblong, 11.5 mm wide, herbaceous, margin narrowly scarious, glabrous, conspicuously 35-veined, apically triangular, obtuse, puberulous and dark colored. Ray florets absent. Disc florets 4 or 5; corolla yellow, ca. 9 mm, with ca. 2.5 mm tube and narrowly infundibuliform limb, exserted from involucre; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 3.5 mm, anther tails ca. equalling filament collars, appendages ovate-lanceolate, filament collars stout, basally dilated. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, fringed with long papillae, terminal tuft not conspicuously longer. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 4 mm, glabrous. Pappus ca. 8.5 mm, fulvous. Fl. Jul, fr.??.
* Shaded places among shrubs; ca. 2000 m. Guizhou (Nayong).
紫背合耳菊 zi bei he er ju
Senecio pseudoalatus C. C. Chang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 57. 1935.
Herbs, perennial, subacaulescent, rhizomatous. Rhizome thick, subtuberous, woody. Vegetative stem erect, subterranean rooting at nodes, densely tomentose, leafless except at apex. Flowering stem solitary, arising from basal rosette, erect, scapiform, ca. 50 cm tall, ferruginous tomentose, somewhat glabrescent. Leaves in basal rosette, long petiolate; petiole 57 cm, not winged, densely ferruginous-lanate; blade ovate-oblong, 1020 Χ 410 cm, papery, abaxially finely scattered-villous and purple, adaxially finely setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 1014, arcuate-ascending, base cordate, margin shallowly repand-apiculate, apex shortly acute-acuminate. Flowering stem leaves few, sessile, lanceolate, bractlike. Capitula radiate, numerous, arranged in a rather slender compound thyrse terminating flowering stem; peduncles 23 mm, densely ferruginous tomentose, bracteate, few bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles linear, small. Involucres cylindrical, 78 Χ ca. 3 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 35, purplish, subulate, small; phyllaries 7 or 8, oblong, 11.5 mm wide, densely villous with purplish hairs, margin broadly scarious, apically obtuse to acute and puberulous, purple. Ray florets 4 or 5, corolla tube ca. 4.5 mm; rays deep yellow, oblong, ca. 4 Χ 1.5 mm, 3-denticulate. Disc florets 10 or 11, corolla orange, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 3 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apically acute, papillose. Anthers ca. 3 mm; anther tails ca. 3/4 as long as filament collars; appendages ovate-triangular; filament collars stout, basally dilated. Style arms ca. 1 mm, fringed with moderately long papillae, central tuft longer, prominent. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 1.3 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 6.5 mm. Fl. Oct, fr.??.
Cliff ledges, rocky slopes; ca. 2700 m. NW Yunnan [Myanmar].
合耳菊 he er ju
Senecio wallichii A. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 364. 1838.
Herbs, perennial, subacaulescent, rhizomatous. Rhizome short, thick, woody. Vegetative stem erect or ascending, ± subterranean, 0.520 cm, leafless except at apex. Flowering stems 14, erect, scapiform, to 40 cm tall, slender, thinly arachnoid, glabrescent. Leaves subrosulate at base of flowering stems, long petiolate; petiole 3.58 cm, slender, not winged, densely to sparsely fulvous-pubescent; blade broadly ovate or ovate, 3.513 Χ 2.511 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely pubescent especially on veins to glabrous, adaxially sparsely scattered setulose, pinnately veined, lateral veins 8, arcuate-ascending, margin remotely, obscurely to coarsely sinuate-dentate with mucronulate teeth, apex shortly rather broadly acuminate. Capitula heterogamous, disciform or minutely radiate, few to numerous, arranged in rather dense compound thyrsoid corymbs; peduncles short, 25 mm, pubescent, 1- or 2-bracteolate; bracts 36, linear. Involucres cylindrical, 68 Χ ca. 1.5 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus few, short; phyllaries 5, oblong, ca. 1 mm wide, herbaceous, glabrous, sparsely arachnoid or rarely sparsely to densely setulose, margin narrowly scarious, apex obtuse to acute and puberulous. Pistillate florets 2; corolla tube 77.5 mm, filiform and 5-denticulate or with minute inconspicuous apically 2-denticulate ray; perfect florets 3, corolla yellow, ca. 8 mm, with ca. 3.5 mm tube and infundibuliform limb; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apically acute. Anthers ca. 3 mm; anther tails just exceeding filament collars; appendages oblong-ovate; filament collars rather short and broad, basally slightly dilated. Style arms ca. 1.5 mm, fringed with long papillae; terminal tuft not clearly differentiated. Achenes cylindrical, ca. 2.2 mm, glabrous. Pappus white, ca. 7 mm. Fl. Sep, fr.??.
Mixed forests; ca. 2700 m. Xizang (Yadong) [Bhutan, India (Sikkim), ??Myanmar, Nepal].