Ling Yuou-ruen[1]; C. J. Humphries[2]
春黄菊族 chun huang ju zu
Shrubs, subshrubs, or annual or perennial herbs, aromatic. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, fasciculate or in rosettes, pinnatisect, pinnatifid, lobed, serrulate, serrate, or dentate, rarely entire. Capitula heterogamous, with both marginal radiate female ligulate and central hermaphroditic tubular florets, or homogamous with only hermaphroditic tubular florets. Phyllaries in 3 or more rows, overlapping, usually with scarious margins and apices. Receptacle paleate or epaleate, rarely pilose or hirsute. Ray florets ligulate, female, fertile, sterile or neuter; limbs yellow or white, rarely blue-violet, pink, or reddish. Disk florets yellow, rarely whitish or red, usually 4- or 5-lobed. Pappus generally of rather few scarious scales, a corona, or an auricle. Pollen surface with or without spines.
Worldwide 110 genera, mainly concentrated in C Asia, the Mediterranean, and S Africa; 26 genera in China.
Genera distributed in China are divided into two groups: 1) group with spines on surface of pollen (e.g., Achillea, Argyranthemum; Chrysanthemum, Leucanthemella, Leucanthemum, Brachanthemum, Matricaria, Dendranthema, Tripleurospermum, Pyrethrum, Allardia, Hippolytia, Cancrinia, Ajania, Filifolium, Cotula); 2) group without spines on surface of pollen (e.g., Ajaniopsis, Kaschgarica, Artemisia, and Neopallasia).
This tribe includes well known vegetables (e.g., Chrysanthemum carinatum and C. segetum) and famous ornamental plants (e.g., Dendranthema morifolium). Insecticides are extracted from some species (e.g., Pyrethrum cinerarifolium). Some species are used medicinally (e.g., Artemisia capillaris).
Ed. note - please note Project Guidelines - exotic garden plants are not to be included but economically important cultivated plants are treated.
1a. Receptacle scales present.
2a. Capitula large, solitary at apices of leafing branches, but plant with many capitula; involucres 7--15 mm in diam. ................................................................................................................ 1. Anthemis
2b. Capitula relatively small, densely or laxly corymbose, at apices of stem and branches; involucres 2--7(--9) mm in diam.
3a. Capitula heterogamous, ray florets female, ligulate, disk florets hermaphroditic, tubuliform 2. Achillea
3b. Capitula homogenous, florets all hermaphroditic, tubuliform .............................. 3. Handelia
1b. Receptacle scales absent, but receptacle hairs present.
4a. Capitula large; marginal florets female, ligulate or inconspicuously ligulate.
5a. Achenes winged; marginal achenes 2- or 3-winged, disk achenes 1- or 2-winged.
6a. Subshrub; achenes often apically coroniform; ray florets white ........... 4. Argyranthemum
6b. Herb; achenes not apically coroniform; ray florets yellow ................... 5. Chrysanthemum
5b. Achenes without wings.
7a. Pappus absent, but achenes sometimes with an obtuse rim or with ribs apically projected at achene.
8a. Achenes with ribs apically projected at achene.
9a. Marsh plant; ray florets sterile ....................................................... 6. Leucanthemella
9b. Grassland plant; ray florets fertile ................................................... 7. Leucanthemum
8b. Achenes with ribs not apically projected at achene.
10a. Dwarf subshrub; involucres campanulate, hemispherical or obconical; marginal ligulate florets yellow, ray short ...................................................................................... 8. Brachanthemum
10b. Herb annual or perennial; involucres shallowly coryliform marginal florets white, red, violet, rarely yellow, rays long.
11a. Herb annual; achenes dorsiventrally compressed, with 3--5 mainly adaxially thin ribs 10. Matricaria
11b. Herb perennial or subshrub; achenes terete, faintly 3--5-ribbed ..... 9. Dendranthema
7b. Pappus present.
12a. Pappus of separate abaxial subulate scales ...................................... 13. Opisthopappus
12b. Pappus coroniform or of many bristle-like scales.
13a. Pappus bristle-like, with flat and palmate base ......................................... 15. Allardia
13b. Pappus coroniform; corona shallowly, deeply divided or divided to base.
14a. Achenes with thick or thin ribs, abaxially and apically with distinct resin sacs ......... 11. Tripleurospermum
14b. Achenes 5--10-ribbed, adaxially and apically without resin sacs.
15a. Involucres campanulate; phyllaries rigidly herbaceous; ray florets yellow 14. Tanacetum
15b. Involucres shallowly coryliform; phyllaries herbaceous; ray florets white or red, very rarely yellow or orange-yellow, if rays yellow or orange-yellow, then capitulum solitary at apex of stem 12. Pyrethrum
4b. Capitula small; marginal florets female or neutral without stamen and pistil, corolla tubular, tender-tubular or absent; disk florets hermaphroditic, tubular or florets all hermaphroditic, tubular.
16a. Florets all hermaphroditic, tubular.
17a. Pappus absent.
18a. Capitula many or few, in corymbs, fascicled corymbs, or glomerules.
19a. Herb perennial or subshrub; corolla not crateriform .............................. 16. Hippolytia
19b. Herb annual; corolla crateriform ......................................................... 17. Stilpnolepis
18b. Capitula numerous, in spikes, racemes, or panicles ..................................... Seriphidium
17b. Pappus present, coroniform or scale-like.
20a. Achenes with distinct resin sacs ................................................. 11. Tripleurospermum
20b. Achenes without resin sacs.
21a. Capitula usually solitary at apex of stem ............................................... 12. Pyrethrum
21b. Capitula many or several, in lax corymb or solitary at apices of branches.
22a. Herb annual; achenes dorsiventrally compressed, with 3--5 adaxially thin ribs, without ribs abaxially ......................................................................................................... 10. Matricaria
22b. Herb biennial, perennial, or dwarf subshrub; achenes trigonously terete, with 5 or 6 equally arranged ribs .................................................................................................... 18. Cancrinia
16b. Marginal florets female or neutral; corolla tubular or narrowly tubular or absent.
23a. Marginal female florets in many rows.
24a. Capitula pedunculate; achenes without persistent style .................................. 25. Cotula
24b. Capitula sessile at leaf axils; achenes with persistent style ............................... 26. Soliva
23b. Marginal female florets in 1 row.
25b. Capitula spikes, panicles, or racemes.
26a. Pappus present, coroniform; subshrubs ....................................... 24. Crossostephium
26b. Pappus absent.
27a. Marginal florets female, disk florets hermaphroditic; achenes dense on receptacle Artemisia
27b. Marginal florets partly female, disk florets hermaphroditic, fertile; disk florets hermaphroditic, sterile; achenes in a row around base of receptacle ..................................... 23. Neopallasia
25a. Capitula corymbose or fascicular-corymbose.
28a. Florets-corolla with stellate hairs outside or apically densely pilose with erect straight hairs.
29a. Florets-corolla apically densely pilose with erect straight hairs; herbs annual 20. Ajaniopsis
29b. Florets-corolla with stellate hairs outside; subshrubs ....................... 22. Kaschgarica
28b. Florets-corolla glabrous outside.
30a. Achenes ellipsoid-elevated 5--10-ribbed, with apical
corona 0.1--0.4 mm
........................................................................................................ 14.
Tanacetum
30b. Achenes 2--6-striate, without apical corona.
31a. Florets all fertile; achenes 4- or 5-striate [??] ......................................... 19. Ajania
31b. Central hermaphroditic florets sterile; achenes 2-striate ..................... 21. Filifolium
春黄菊属 chun huang ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual or perennial, or subshrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect to variously lobed, occasionally entire. Capitulum solitary or laxly corymbose, pedunculate, heterogamous, radiate, rarely homogenous, discoid. Ray florets in 1 row, female, fertile; limb white, rarely yellow or reddish. Disk florets numerous, hermaphroditic, tubular; corolla 5-lobed, yellow, rarely reddish. Involucre usually +/- hemispheric to ovoid; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin scarious. Receptacle convex to narrowly conical, paleate, rarely basally or completely epaleate; palea oblong or subulate, scarious, apex truncate or acute to acuminate. Style arms truncate. Anther bases obtuse. Achenes oblong or obconic, smooth to prismatic to 4--5(or 8)-ribbed, sometimes dorsiventrally compressed. Pappus absent or represented by a shallow, often adaxially more developed corona or an adaxial auricle.
Twenty species, mainly in S Europe and SE Asia. Three species cultivated in China. [see guidelines regarding inclusion of cultivated species in the Flora??]
1a. Ray florets yellow; capitula 3--4 cm in diam.; rachis dentate .............................. 1. A. tinctoria
1b. Ray florets white; capitula 1--2 cm in diam.; rachis not dentate.
2a. Phyllaries with margin broadly scarious; achenes smooth; plants not fetid ......... 2. A. arvensis
2b. Phyllaries with margin narrowly scarious; achenes tuberculate; plants fetid ........... 3. A. cotula
春黄菊 chun huang ju
Herbs perennial, 30--60 cm tall. Stems erect, striate, reddish, spreading corymbose-branched in upper part, sparsely white lanate. Leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong, pinnatipartite; lobes oblong, abaxially white villous; rachis dentate. Capitula few, solitary at apices of branches, large, 3--4 cm in diam., long pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially pubescent at first, glabrescent, margin scarious, outer lanceolate, apex acute, inner oblong-linear, apex obtuse. Ray florets yellow. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes tetragonal, grooved, slightly dorsiventrally compressed. Pappus represented by a very short corona. Fl., fr. Jul--Oct. 2n = 18.
Cultivated in China - provinces??, ??Anhui, ??Fujian, ??Hebei, ??Jiangsu, ??Shaanxi, ??Zhejiang [Native to Europe].
田春黄菊 tian chun huang ju
Herbs annual, 20--30(--40) cm tall. Stems many, erect, branched in upper part, sparsely pubescent. Leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong, bipinnatisect; ultimate segments linear or lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pubescent, apex acute. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches, 1--2 cm in diam., long pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, ovate-oblong, abaxially slightly pubescent, margin and apex broadly scarious, outer apex acute, inner apex obtuse. Ray florets white, rays elliptic, tubes winged. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes turbinate-tetragonal, smooth. Pappus represented by a very short corona. Fl., fr. Jun--Jul. 2n = 18.
Cultivated in China - Liaoning??, Shandong?? [Native of Europe].
臭春黄菊 chou chun huang ju
Anthemis foetida Lamarck; Maruta cotula (Linnaeus) de Candolle; M. foetida (Lamarck) Cassini.
Herbs annual, fetid, 30--50 cm tall. Stems erect, sparsely pubescent or subglabrescent, corymbose-branched. Leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate-oblong, bipinnatisect; ultimate segments narrowly linear. Capitula solitary at apices of branches, 1--2 cm in diam., long pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong, margin narrowly scarious, apex obtuse. Ray florets white, elliptic. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong-turbinate, tuberculate, 8-ribbed. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jun--Jul. 2n = 18.
Cultivated in NE China - provinces??, ??Nei Mongol [Native to Europe].
蓍属 shi shu
Synonyms??
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial, usually rhizomatous. Leaves alternate, pinnatilobed to pinnatisect, rarely entire. Capitula relatively small, usually corymbose, rarely few together or solitary, heterogamous, radiate or rarely discoid. Involucres oblong, ovoid, or hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, overlapping, margin brown- or yellowish white scarious. Receptacle flat to convex, conical or rarely much elongated, paleate. Ray florets female, ligulate, fertile, in 1 row; rays white, pink, red, or yellow, rather short and wide, occasionally absent. Disk florets yellow or pink, hermaphroditic, tubuliform, 5-lobed, +/- winged, flattened, basally slightly saccate around achene especially adaxially. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendage. Achenes dorsiventrally flattened with 2 lateral ribs. Pappus absent.
About 200 species; mostly in Europe and temperate Asia; 10 species in China.
What about Achillea cartilaginea Ledebour??=A. sibirica subsp. subcartilaginea Heimerl??=A. subcartilaginea Heimerl ex Handel-Mazzetti?? [Shensi: Giraldi 2943, Limpricht 2803]; A. magna Linnaeus?? [Sinkiang: between Ustkamenogorsk & Buchtarminsk, Karelin & Kirilow]; A. nobilis Linnaeus?? [Sinkiang: between Usunbulak & Arkat, Karelin & Kirilow]; A. sinensis Heimerl?? [Hopei: H. Smith 90-type]
1a. Leaves entire, margin serrulate.
2a. Leaves glabrous; rays ca. 7 X 5 mm; paleae yellow villous at apex .............. 4. A. acuminata
2b. Leaves densely pubescent, depressed glandular punctate; rays 3.2--3.5 mm; paleae white villous at apex .................................................................................................................... 5. A. salicifolia
1b. Leaves pinnatilobed to pinnatisect.
3a. Leaves mostly tripinnatisect.
4a. Rachis 1.5--2 mm wide; ultimate segments of leaves relatively broad, lanceolate, rarely linear, 0.3--0.5 mm wide; rays white or pink to violet-red ................................................ 1. A. millefolium
4b. Rachis 0.5--1 mm wide; ultimate segments of leaves relatively narrow, 0.1--0.5 mm wide, filiform-linear or linear to lanceolate.
5a. Rays yellowish white, relatively small; involucres narrowly oblong, 4--4.5 X 2--2.5 mm; phyllaries sometimes with brownish narrow margin ..................................................... 2. A. setacea
5b. Rays pink, rarely turning white, relatively large; involucres oblong, 4--5 X 2.5--3 mm, with conspicuous brown or brownish margin ......................................................................... 3. A. asiatica
3b. Leaves pinnate-to bipinnate-divided.
6a. Leaves bipinnatisect, primary segments elliptic-lanceolate, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, ultimate segments few, lanceolate .............................................................................................. 10. A. wilsoniana
6b. Leaves pinnatilobed, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect.
7a. Rays 4--7 X 4--6 mm; segments or pinnae of leaves minutely spiniform-serrulate or 1- or 2-dentate or lobed.
8a. Leaves pinnatisect; capitula 5--8 or more .............................................. 6. A. impatiens
8b. Leaves pinnatilobed or pinnatipartite to pinnatisect; capitula 3--5 ........... 7 . A. ledebouri
7b. Rays 0.8--2.5 X 1--3 mm; pinnae of leaves with unequal teeth.
9a. Involucres subglobose or broadly oblong, (4--)5--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries with broad brown margin; leaves sparsely glandular punctate or not glandular punctate ........................ 8. A. alpina
9b. Involucres oblong [??], 3.5--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries with narrow yellow or brown margin; leaves densely glandular punctate ............................................................... 9. A. ptarmicoides
蓍 shi
Herbs perennial, with long rhizomes. Stems erect, 40--100 cm tall, striate, usually white villous, unbranched or branched in upper part, often with short sterile branches at leaf axils above middle. Leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or sublinear, 5--20 X 1--2.5 cm, (bi-)tripinnatisect; rachis 1.5--2 mm wide; ultimate segments lanceolate to linear, 0.5--1.5 X 0.3--0.5 mm, abaxially densely villous, adaxially densely depressed glandular punctate, apex cartilaginous-mucronulate. Capitula numerous, in an apical corymb 2--6 cm in diam. Involucres oblong or subovoid, ca. 4 X 3 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, elliptic or oblong, 1.5--3 X 1--1.3 mm, midvein convex, margin pale yellow or brown scarious; paleae oblong-elliptic, scarious, abaxially yellow glandular punctate. Ray florets 5; rays white, pink or violet-red, suborbicular, 1.5--3 X 2--1.5 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, 2.2--3 mm, abaxially glandular punctate, 5-lobed. Achenes greenish, oblong, ca. 2 mm, with white lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 18, 27, 36 + 0-2B, 45, 54 + 0-3B, 72.
Widely cultivated in China (??Anhui, ??Fujian, ??Hebei, ??Jiangsu, ??Liaoning, ??Shaanxi, ??Shandong, ??Sichuan, ??Xinjiang, ??Zhejiang), also naturalized in Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Mongolia??; Native to Europe, North America?? - temperate and alpine regions of N hemisphere??].
Whole plant used as medicine for inducing sweat and dispelling diseases.
丝叶蓍 si ye shi
Herbs perennial, with procumbent slender rhizomes. Stems erect, 30--70 cm tall, white villous, especially in lower part, unbranched or few branched in upper part, usually with short sterile branches at leaf axils above middle. Basal leaves petiolate; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, rarely linear-oblong, 8--20 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces villous, (bi-) or tripinnatisect; primary segments numerous, 1--1.5 mm apart; ultimate segments filiform-linear or linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 0.5--1.5 X 0.1--0.2 mm, apex cartilaginous-mucronulate; middle and distal stem leaves similar, sessile, gradually smaller. Capitula numerous, in an apical dense corymb 2.5--7 cm in diam. Involucres yellowish green, narrowly oblong or ovoid-oblong, 4--4.5 X 2--2.5 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, oblong-ovate to oblong, 2--4 X 0.8--1.2 mm, abaxially brownish pilose, margin scarious, sometimes with narrow brownish margin, apex somewhat acute or obtuse; midvein greenish, convex. Paleae oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, glabrous or appressed-pilose on upper part. Ray florets 5; rays yellowish white, semiorbicular or suborbicular, 1.2--1.3 X 1.3--1.8 mm, apex subtruncate or 3-dentate. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong-cuneate, 1.8--2 X ca. 0.8 mm, with narrow lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 18, 36.
Wastelands, forest margins, grasslands on mountain slopes, meadows, river valleys; 500--2400 m. Heilongjiang??, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia??, Russia; N Africa, W Asia, Europe].
亚洲蓍 ya zhou shi
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus var. mandshuricum Kitamura; A. setacea Waldstein-Wartemberg & Kitaibel subsp. asiatica (Sergiev) V. N. Voroschilov.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent slender rhizomes. Stems erect, (4--)18--60 cm tall, striate, conspicuously lanate-villous, unbranched or few branched in upper part, usually with sterile branches at leaf axils. Proximal stem leaves petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, abaxially densely villous, adaxially sparsely villous, (bi-) or tripinnatisect; primary segments numerous, 1--1.5 mm apart; ultimate segments linear to lanceolate, 0.5--2 mm, apex cartilaginous-mucronulate; middle and distal stem leaves similar, sessile, progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, densely corymbose, rarely laxly corymbose. Involucres oblong, 4--5 X 2.5--3 mm; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, overlapping, ovate or oblong to lanceolate, 1.5--4 X 0.8--1.5 mm; midvein yellow-green, convex, margin brown or brownish, scarious. Paleae oblong-lanceolate, scarious, margin hyaline, sparsely pilose in upper part. Ray florets 5; rays pink or violet-red, rarely turning white, suborbicular, 2--2.5 X 2--2.2 mm. Disk florets tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong-cuneate, 2--2.2 mm, with lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 18, 36.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, moist forest margins, by rivers; 600--2600 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia].
齿叶蓍 chi ye shi
Ptarmica acuminata Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 2: 529. 1845; Achillea ptarmica Linnaeus subsp. euptarmica Heimerl var. acuminata (Ledebour) Heimerl; A. ptarmica Linnaeus subsp. macrocephala Heimerl var. angustifolia Heimerl.
Herbs perennial. Stems erect, 30--100 cm tall, solitary, corymbose-branched, glabrous in lower part, densely pubescent in upper part. Basal and proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3--8 X 0.4--0.8 cm, both surfaces pubescent at first, glabrescent or pubescent along veins abaxially, base slightly attenuate, margin duplicato-serrulate, apex acuminate. Capitula rather numerous, in an apical lax corymb. Involucres hemispheric, ca. 5 X 9 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, margin yellowish or brownish broad scarious, outer short, ovate-oblong, apex acute, inner oblong, apex rounded. Paleae similar to phyllaries, yellow villous at upper part and at apex. Ray florets 14; rays white, ca. 7 X 5 mm, apex 3-crenate, Disk florets white, tubuliform. Achenes oblanceolate, 2.5--3 X ca. 1.5 mm, with white lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Moist places on mountain slopes, meadows, forest margins; 500--2900 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang??, Jilin??, Liaoning??, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, ??Shaanxi, N China - provinces??, Qinghai [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
柳叶蓍 liu ye shi
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems erect, 36--90 cm tall, striate, densely pubescent with curved hairs, or glabrescent in lower part, corymbose-branched in upper part. Proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 1.5--6 X 0.3--0.6 cm, both surfaces densely pubescent, [depressed glandular punctate??], base attenuate, margin duplicato-serrulate, apex acuminate. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller. Capitula numerous, corymbose. Involucres hemispheric, 3--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, broadly lanceolate, 1.2--1.5 mm, abaxially densely pubescent, margin yellowish or brown scarious; midvein convex. Paleae similar to phyllaries. Ray florets 8; rays broadly elliptical, 3.2--3.5 X 3--3.8 mm, apex 2-crenate. Disk florets white, ca. 2.5 mm, 5-lobed. Achenes oblanceolate, ca. 1.8 X 1 mm, with white lateral ribs, sometimes 1-ribbed abaxially. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 18, 36.
Forest understories of floodlands, moist grasslands; 500--1200 m. ??Shaanxi, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Russia; Europe].
褐苞蓍 he bao shi
Achillea impatiens Linnaeus subsp. euimpatiens Heimerl; Ptarmica impatiens (Linnaeus) de Candolle.
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stem erect, 40--60 cm tall, pubescent above middle, few branched in upper part. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, 1.5--4.5 X 0.3--0.9 mm, pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely pilose, margin entire, minutely serrulate or with 1 or 2 teeth on one side, apex acute; rachis 1--2 mm wide. Distal stem leaves similar, gradually smaller. Capitula 5--8 or more, in an apical corymb. Involucres hemispheric, 5--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, broadly lanceolate, 3.5--4.5 X ca. 1.8 mm; midvein convex, abaxially sparsely villous, margin scarious, red-brown or deep brown. Pappus lanceolate, apex sparsely villous. Ray florets 8; rays white, broadly elliptic, apex 3-crenate. Disk florets white, tubuliform. Achenes oblanceolate, 2.5--1.3 mm, with winged lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 18.
Forest margins, river banks; 1500--2000 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia].
阿尔泰蓍a er tai shi
Achillea impatiens Linnaeus subsp. Ledebour (Heimerl) Heimerl.
Herbs perennial, with long slender rhizomes. Stems erect, ca. 40 cm tall, pilose above middle, corymbose-branched in upper part. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, 1.5--4 X 0.5--0.9 cm, pinnatilobed to pinnatisect or pinnatipartite; lobes or segments linear-lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely villous, basal ones large, margin minutely serrulate, sometimes 1-dentate on one side, apex acuminate or acute; rachis 1.5--3 mm wide. Capitula 3--5, in apical corymb. Involucres hemispheric, 5--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, ovate or broadly elliptic, 3--5.2 X 2--3 mm; midvein convex, deep brown, margin broadly scarious. Paleae brown, lanceolate-elliptic, 4--5 X ca. 1.5 mm, scarious, apex sparsely white-villous. Ray florets 8; rays white, broadly elliptic, apex 3-crenate. Disk florets white, tubuliform. Achenes broadly lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, with white lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
Forest understories; 2200--2500 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Russia].
高山蓍 gao shan shi
Achillea mongolica Fischer ex Sprengel; A. sibirica Ledebour; A. sibirica Ledebour subsp. mongolica (Fischer ex Sprengel) Heimerl; Ptarmica mongolica (Fischer ex Sprengel) de Candolle; P. sibirica (Ledebour) Ledebour.
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems erect, 30--80 cm tall, sparsely or densely pilose, branched in upper part, usually with sterile branches at leaf axils above middle. Proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis; middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 6--10 X 0.7--1.7 cm, abaxially densely villous, adaxially sparsely villous, pectinate-pinnatilobed or -pinnatipartite; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, basally amplexicaul, margin unequally serrulate, apex acute; distal stem leaves similar to middle stem leaves, progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, in a dense apical corymb. Involucres broadly oblong or subglobose, (4--)5--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 2--4 X 1.2--2 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, margin scarious, brown; midvein convex. Paleae similar to inner phyllaries. Ray florets 6--8; rays white, broadly elliptic, apex 3-denticulate. Disk florets white, 5-lobed. Achenes broadly oblanceolate, 2--1.1 mm, with white lateral ribs, sometimes 1- or 2-ribbed abaxially. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 36.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, forest margins, under thickets, meadows??, river valleys??; 800--2400 m. ??Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang??, Hubei, ??Jiangsu, Jilin??, ??Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi??, Shanxi, Sichuan??, ??Yunnan, ??Zhejiang, NE China - provinces?? [Japan, Korea, ??Mongolia, Russia].
短瓣蓍 duan ban shi
Achillea sibirica Ledebour var. discoidea Regel; A. sibirica Ledebour subsp. ptarmicoides (Maximowicz) Heimerl; A. sibirica Ledebour var. ptarmicoides (Maximowicz) Makino; Ptarmica ptarmicoides (Maximowicz) Woroschilov.
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems erect, 70--100 cm tall, sparsely white pilose, usually unbranched, sterile-branched at middle leaf axils. Proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 6--8 X 0.5--0.7 cm, [densely glandular punctate??], abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially densely pilose, pectinate-pinnatipartite or -subpinnatisect, pinnae linear, margin irregularly serrulate, apex acute. Distal stem leaves similar, gradually smaller. Capitula numerous, densely corymbose. Involucres campanulate [??], 5--6 X 3.5--4 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, margin scarious, yellowish or brownish, outer ones ovate, 1.5--2 X 1.2--1.5 mm, apex somewhat acute, middle ones elliptic, ca. 2.8 X 1.5 mm, apex obtuse, inner ones oblong, ca. 3.2 X 2 mm. Paleae similar to inner phyllaries. Ray florets 6--8; rays yellowish white, broadly elliptic, very small, 0.8--1.5 X ca. 1.1 mm, apex 3-crenate. Disk florets white, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong or broadly oblanceolate, ca. 2.2 X 1.2 mm, with white lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
River valleys, meadows, mountain slopes, under thickets; 200--400 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang??, ??Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, NE China - provinces?? [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
云南蓍 yun nan shi
Achillea sibirica Ledebour subsp. wilsoniana Heimerl ex Handel-Mazzetti, Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math-Naturwiss., Cl., Abt. 1, 61: 22. 1924; A. wilsoniana Heimerl ex Handel-Mazzetti f. obconica Heimerl.
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems erect, 35--100 cm tall, densely villous above middle, glabrescent in lower part, usually corymbose-branched, with sterile branches at leaf axils in upper part. Proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong, 4--6.5 X 1--2 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, adaxially densely pilose, bipinnatisect; primary segments numerous, close together, elliptic-lanceolate, 5--10 X 2--4 mm; secondary segments few, lanceolate, proximal ones large, distal ones small; rachis ca. 1.5 mm wide, margin entire or dentate. Capitula numerous, in an apical compound corymb. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispheric, 4--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, overlapping, outer ovate-lanceolate, short, ca. 2.3 X 1.2 mm, apex slightly acute, middle ones ovate-elliptic, ca. 2.5 X 1.8 mm, inner ones long elliptic, ca. 4 X 1.8 mm, apex obtuse or rounded; midvein convex. Paleae lanceolate, ca. 4.5 mm, sparsely villous in upper part. Ray florets 6--8(--16); rays white, occasionally with pinkish margin, ca. 2.2 X 2.2 mm, apex deeply or shallowly 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellowish or white, tubuliform. Achenes oblong-cuneate, ca. 2.5 X 1.1 mm, with winged lateral ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
* Grasslands on mountain slopes, under thickets; 400--3700 m. Gansu, Guizhou??, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Entire plant used medicinally to stop bleeding and to alleviate pain, also for strengthening the stomach.
天山蓍属 tian shan shi shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial. Leaves oblong, tripinnatisect, basal leaves large, petiolate; stem leaves small, sessile. Capitula homogenous, discoid, densely or laxly corymbose. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong, margin broadly scarious. Receptacle conical, paleate; palea narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, scarious. Florets tubuliform, hermaphroditic, yellow, 5-lobed, glandular punctate. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical acute appendage; style-arms claviform-oblong. Achenes small, cuneate, inconspicuously 5-ribbed adaxially, with abaxial rim. Pappus absent.
Monotypic. Distributed in Afghanistan, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and China.
天山蓍 tian shan shi
Achillea trichophylla Schrenk ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 48. 1841.
Herbs perennial, with robust axial root. Stem usually solitary, 30--100 cm tall, robust, striate, densely and thickly dirty trite??-lanate in lower part, glabrescent in upper part. Basal leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblong, 5--30 X 2--12 cm, tripinnatisect; ultimate segments subfiliform, densely pilose. Stem leaves similar, sessile, smaller. Capitula densely or laxly corymbose. Involucres hemispheric, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong, margin broadly scarious, adaxially sparsely villous. Florets numerous, yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed, abaxially glandular punctate. Achenes yellow-brown, cuneate, 1--1.5 X 0.3--0.5 mm, with abaxial rim. Pappus absent. Fl.??, fr.?? 2n = 18.
Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Uzbekistan].
No material from China was seen. The description is based on specimens from Kazakstan and Uzbekistan, and on the account in the Flora URSS (26: 125. 1961).
木茼蒿属 mu tong hao shu
Chrysanthemum Linnaeus sect. Argyranthemum (Webb ex Schultz-Bipontinus) Bentham & J. D. Hooker; C. Linnaeus sect. Magarsa de Candolle.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs. Leaves alternate. Capitulum solitary or laxly corymbose, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, rigidly herbaceous, margin scarious. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, female, fertile ligulate; rays white, rarely yellow or pink. Disk florets hermaphroditic, fertile, numerous, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage. Ray achenes triquetrous, usually strongly winged laterally and adaxially; wings sometimes reduced, often apically projected to a pappus-like corona; true pappus based [absent??]. Disk achenes generally laterally flattened, winged abaxially and adaxially, sometimes prismatic to terete and wingless, often apically coroniform, true pappus absent.
Twenty-four species; mostly in the Canary Islands; one species cultivated in China. [if it is only cultivated then delete?? - see guidelines]
木茼蒿 mu tong hao
Chrysanthemum frutescens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753; Pyrethrum frutescens (Linnaeus) Willdenow.
Plants to 1 m tall. Petiole 1.5--4 cm, narrowly palate [??]; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or long-elliptic, 3--6 X 2--4 cm, both surfaces glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2--5-paired; ultimate lateral segments linear or lanceolate. Capitula numerous, long pedunculate, irregularly corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin broadly white scarious, inner apically scariously ampliate [spelling??]. Ray florets white; rays 0.8--1.5 cm. Disk florets yellow, numerous. Ray achene striquetrous, laterally and abaxially strongly winged, often apically projected to a pappus-like corona; true pappus absent. Disk achenes generally laterally flattened, and abaxially and adaxially winged; true pappus absent. Fl., fr. Feb--Oct. 2n = 27.
??Fujian, ??Hebei, ??Guizhou, ??Jiangsu, ??Shaanxi [native to Africa (Canary Islands)].
Cultivated as potted plant for landscaping.
茼蒿属 tong hao shu
Chrysanthemum Linnaeus sect. Pinardia (Cassini) Boissier; Glebionis Cassini; Ismelia Cassini.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual. Leaves alternate, pinnately divided or margin dentate. Capitulum solitary or laxly corymbose, pedunculate, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres cupular; phyllaries in 4 rows, rigidly herbaceous. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Ray florets yellow, female, liguliform, fertile, in 1 row. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, hermaphroditic, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical ovate-elliptic appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Ray achenes triquetrous, laterally winged, adaxially narrow or ribbed; pappus absent. Disk achenes prismatic with a narrow adaxial wing or terete; pappus absent.
Three species; Asia, Europe, and N Africa. All cultivated ornamentally and for vegetables in China. [see guidelines re. cultivated species??]
1a. Ray achenes narrowly
2-winged; leaves irregularly dentate or rarely pinnatilobed
3.
C. segetum
1b. Ray achenes widely 3-winged; leaves bipinnately divided.
2a. Adaxial wings of ray achenes projected into an apical rostrum ..................... 1. C. carinatum
2b. Wings of ray achenes not projected into rostrum ....................................... 2. C. coronarium
蒿子杆 hao zi gan
Herbs annual, glabrous or nearly so. Stems erect, 20--70 cm tall, usually branched above middle. Basal leaves withered by anthesis; proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade obovate or long-elliptic, 8--10 X 3--4 cm, bipinnatipartite; primary lateral lobes 3--8-paired; ultimate lobes lanceolate, obliquely triangular or linear. Capitula long pedicellate, 2--8 or rarely solitary, at apices of branches, not forming conspicuous corymb. Involucres cupular, 1.5--2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, inner ones ca. 1 cm. Ray achenes broadly 3-winged, wings adaxially projected to an apical rostrum. Disk achenes with elevated 2 ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Aug. 2n = 18.
Cultivated as a vegetable in China, ??Anhui, ??Guizhou, ??Hebei, ??Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol [Native to N Africa].
茼蒿 tong hao
Matricaria coronaria (Linnaeus) Desrousseaux.
Herbs annual, glabrous or nearly so. Stems erect, ca. 70 cm tall, unbranched or few branched above middle. Basal leaves withered by anthesis. Proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade long-elliptic or long-elliptic-obovate, 8--10 X 3--4 cm, bipinnatisect; primary segments 2--4-paired; ultimate lobes ovate or linear. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller. Capitulum solitary apically or few solitary at apices of branches, not forming conspicuous corymb. Pedicel 15--20 cm. Involucres cupular, 1.5--3 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, inner ones ca. 1 cm, apex dilated scarious. Ray achenes narrowly 3-winged. Disk achenes 1- or 2-ribbed. Fl., fr. Sep. 2n = 18@.
??Anhui, ??Fujian, Hainan??, ??Hebei, Jilin??, Shandong??, Zhejiang?? [Native to Europe (Mediterranean)].
Cultivated ornamentally and for its edible young shoots.
南茼蒿 na tong hao
Chrysanthemum coronarium Linnaeus var. spatiosum Bailey; Matricaria segetum (Linnaeus) Schrenk; Pyrethrum segetum (Linnaeus) Moench; [what about C. spatiosum Bailey in Fl. Jiangsu??; C. coronarium f. spatiosum (Bailey) Kitamura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 59: 40. 1946??].
Herbs annual, glabrous or nearly so. Stems erect, 20--60 cm tall, fleshy. Basal and lower stem leaves sessile; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, base cuneate, margin irregularly largely dentate, rarely pinnatilobed. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller. Capitulum solitary apically or few at apices of branches, not forming conspicuous corymb. Pedicel ca. 5 cm. Involucres cupular, 1--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, inner ones scarious, apex ampliate??. Ray achenes narrowly 2-winged. Disk achenes with 10 ribs. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 18@, 36.
??Anhui, ??Fujian, ??Guizhou, Hubei, ??Jiangsu, ??Yunnan, ??Zhejiang [Native to Europe (Mediterranean)].
Cultivated as a vegetable.
小滨菊属 xiao bin ju shu
Decaneurum Schultz-Bipontinus, non de Candolle 1833.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatipartite. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary or laxly corymbose. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, margin scarious. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, liguliform, female, usually sterile; rays white or reddish. Disk florets numerous, yellow, tubuliform, hermaphroditic, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, apically ovate or elliptic-ovate with appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes distinctly 8--12-ribbed, with apical rim. Pappus absent.
Two species: Europe, Japan, Korea, Russia; one species in China.
小滨菊 xiao bin ju
Chrysanthemum lineare Matsumura, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 13: 83. 1899; C. lineare Matsumura var. manshuricum Komarov; Tanacetum lineare Kitamura.
Halophytes perennial, with long procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect, 25--90 cm tall, usually fasciculate, unbranched or inflorescence-branched above middle, pubescent or glabrous. Basal and proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate, 5--8 X 2--4 cm, pinnatipartite below middle; terminal and laterally lobes linear or narrowly linear, abaxially glandular punctate, adaxially aculeiform[??]-papillose, margin entire, asperous[??], lateral lobes 1--3-paired. Capitula apically solitary or 2--8 in an apical corymb, long pedicellate. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, abaxially glabrous or nearly so, margin brown- or deep brown scarious, outer one linear-lanceolate, inner one long-elliptic. Ray florets white; rays 1--2 cm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 3 mm, with apical rim. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 18.
Marshlands; elevation?? NE China - provinces??, Liaoning??, ??Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Russia].
滨菊属 bing ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial. Leaves alternate, margin entire, serrate, or pinnatifid. Capitulum solitary or laxly corymbose, pedunculate, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, margin scarious. Receptacle convex, sometimes conical, epaleate. Ray florets liguliform, female, fertile, in 1 row, white, pink or rarely yellow. Disk florets numerous, hermaphroditic, yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes 10-ribbed, ribs projected or not to apicalyrim[??]. Pappus absent or represented by a corona or adaxial auricle.
Thirty-three species throughout Europe, but mainly in Central and Southern parts; one species in China.
滨菊 bing ju
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Linnaeus; Leucanthemum ircutianum (Turczaninow) de Candolle; L. leucanthemum (Linnaeus) Rydberg, nom. illegit., tautonym - delete??; Matricaria leucanthemum (Linnaeus) Desrousseaux; Pyrethrum leucanthemum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus [or Franchet?? as in FRPS]; Tanacetum leucanthemum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus.
Herbs perennial. Stems erect, 15--80 cm tall, usually unbranched, tomentose, floccose, or glabrous. Basal leaves long petiolate; petiole longer than lamina; leaf blade long-elliptic, oblanceolate, obovate, or ovate, 3--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, margin crenate or obtusely dentate, base cuneate-attenuate. Middle and proximal stem leaves sessile; leaf blade long elliptic or linear-elliptic, both surfaces glabrous, sometimes pinnatilobed below middle or near base, attenuate towards base, base auriculate- or subauriculate-semiamplexicaul. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller, sometimes pinnatisect. Capitula apically solitary or 2--5, in an apical lax corymb. Involucres coryliform, 1--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin white- or brown scarious. Ray florets white; rays 1--2.5 cm. Achenes 2--3 mm, 10-ribbed, ribs projected into an apical rim. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. May--Oct. 2n = 18, 36, 36+1B, 54, 72.
Grasslands; elevation?? Naturalized in Gansu, Henan, Jiangxi, ??Fujian, ??Hebei, ??Jiangsu [Native to Europe, naturalized in other regions].
Cultivated ornamentally.
短舌菊属 duan she ju shu
Chrysanthemum Linnaeus sect. Argyranthemum (Webb ex Schulz-Bipontinus) Bentham & J. D. Hooker[, p.p.??]
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs small, +/- procumbent, woody at base, pubescent with simple, bifurcate, or stellate hairs. Leaves alternate or subopposite, few lobed. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, or rarely discoid, solitary or corymbose. Involucres campanulate, hemispheric or obconical; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, rigidly herbaceous, margin white- or brown scarious. Receptacle flat or convex to conical, epaleate. Ray florets female, liguliform, fertile or absent; rays yellow, rarely white. Disk florets yellow, tubuliform, hermaphroditic, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes terete, 5-striate. Pappus absent.
Ten species in Central Asia and Mongolia; two species in China.
1a. Plant pubescent with simple or bifurcate hairs; segments of leaves linear-subulate 1. B. mongolicum
1b. Plant appressed pubescent
with stellate hairs; segments of leaves linear
2.
B. pulvinatum
蒙古短舌菊 meng gu duan she ju
Subshrubs 5--20 cm tall. Old branches gray, twisted; young branches appressed pubescent with simple or bifurcate hairs. Leaves sessile or subsessile, grayish green or green; leaf blade obliquely elliptic or suborbicular, ca. 0.6 X 0.5 cm, appressed pubescent with simple or bifurcate hairs, glabrescent, palmate-pinnate, 3--5-divided; segments linear-subulate. Distalmost stem leaf entire. Capitula 3 or 4, irregularly corymbose. Involucres obconical or campanulate, 4--6 mm in diam., margin brownish scarious, phyllaries in 4 rows, outer ones ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, middle one elliptic, ca. 6 mm, inner one oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm. Ray florets 8; rays yellow, apex minutely 2-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2.8 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Aug.
Gobi Desert; elevation?? Xinjiang [Mongolia]
星毛短舌菊 xing mao duan she ju
Chrysanthemum pulvinatum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 263. 1938; Brachanthemum nanschanicum Krascheninnikov.
Subshrubs 15--45 cm tall. Old branches gray, twisted; young ones brownish, densely and appressed powdery-puberulous with white stellate hairs. Petiole to 8 mm; leaf blade cuneate, elliptic, or suborbicular, 0.5--1 X 0.4--0.6 cm, gray-green, appressed powdery-puberulous with stellate hairs at first, glabrescent, palmate-pinnately or pinnately 4- or 5-divided; segments linear; leaves below inflorescence 3-divided. Capitula apically solitary or 3--8, irregularly laxly corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel 2.5--7 cm. Involucres hemispheric or obconical, 6--8 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown scarious, outer ones ovate or broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially densely appressed powdery-puberulous, middle one elliptic, 4--4.5 m, abaxially densely and appressed powdery-puberulous, inner one linear-oblanceolate, ca. 4 mm, abaxially glabrescent. Ray florets 5--15; rays yellow, elliptic, apex minutely 2-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
* Mountain slopes, Gobi Desert; 1200--3200 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang.
菊属 ju shu
Pyrethrum Zinn sect. Dendranthema de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 62. 1938.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnately or palmately divided, serrate, or rarely entire. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, laxly corymbose or solitary. Involucres coryliform, rarely campanulate; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, white, brown, or dark brown scarious-margined or outer and middle ones herbaceous and pinnatilobed- or pinnatifid-margined. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Ray florets female, fertile, liguliform, in 1 or numerous rows (in cultivated species); rays yellow, white, or red. Disk florets hermaphroditic, fertile, tubuliform, numerous, yellow, 5-lobed. Anther obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate-ovate or long-elliptic appendage. Achenes subterete or obovoid, faintly 5--8-ribbed; pappus absent.
Thirty-seven species; mostly in temperate Asia; 17 species in China.
1a. Outer or middle and outer phyllaries herbaceous, pinnatilobed or pinnatifid.
2a. Leaves undivided or lyrate-pinnatisect, not concolorous on both surfaces, green, glabrous or glabrescent adaxially, grayish white, appressed and thickly villous abaxially ........... 16. D. argyrophyllum
2b. Middle and proximal stem leaves bipinnate- or bipalmate-pinnately divided, concolorous on both surfaces, glabrous or nearly so ............................................................................. 17. D. mongolicum
1b. Phyllaries white-, brown-, or dark scarious-margined.
3a. Capitula 0.5--1 cm in diam.; rays 1--3 mm.
4a. Leaves pinnatisect; capitula 1--3 ................................................................ 15. D. dichrum
4b. Leaves bipinnatisect; capitula numerous,
compound-corymbose
14.
D. glabriusculum
3b. Capitula 1.5--5 cm in diam., rarely smaller; rays longer than 5 mm, rarely 1 mm.
5a. Leaves repand-remote dentate, 1-dentate on each side or entire, palmate or pinnately 3--7-divided or palmate-pinnately 3--7-divided.
6a. Leaves repand-remote-dentate, 1-dentate on each side or entire, densely and thickly pubescent abaxially.
7a. Leaves ovate, suborbicular, or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5--7 X 2--4 cm, margin repand-dentate 1. D. vestitum
7b. Leaves shape??, 1--1.4 X 0.7--1.5 cm, 1-dentate on each side or entire and elliptic 2. D. rhombifolium
6b. Leaves palmate- or pinnately 3--7-divided or palmate-pinnately 3--7-divided.
8a. Mainly an ornamental plant ............................................................. 6. D. grandiflorum
8b. Wild species.
9a. Ray florets yellow ................................................................................. 3. D. indicum
9b. Ray florets white, pink, or rarely purple.
10a. Leaves reniform, suborbicular, or broadly ovate, somewhat cordate or truncate at base 4. D. chanetii
10b. Leaves elliptic, long-elliptic or ovate, cuneate or broadly cuneate at base 5. D. naktongense
5b. Leaves bipalmate-, bipalmate-pinnate-divided, bipinnate-divided, or biternate-pinnatisect.
11a. Leaves bipalmate-, bipalmate-pinnate-divided, or biternate-pinnatisect; capitula solitary, rarely 2--5.
12a. Ray florets yellow ........................................................................... 7. D. hypargyreum
12b. Ray florets white or pink ...................................................................... 8. D. oreastrum
11b. Leaves bipinnate-divided; capitula numerous, laxly corymbose, rarely solitary.
13a. Ray florets white, pink, or purple-red; capitula few, 2--5, irregularly corymbose.
14a. Primary lobes pinnatilobed or pinnatifid; ultimate lobes triangular or obliquely triangular, ca. 3 mm wide ................................................................................................ 12. D. zawadskii
14b. Primary lobes pinnatisect or subpinnatisect; ultimate lobes linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 1--2 mm wide ................................................................................... 13. D. maximowiczii
13b. Ray florets yellow; capitula numerous, laxly corymbose or compound-corymbose.
15a. Leaves concolorous on both surfaces, densely or sparsely
pubescent
................................................................................................ 9.
D. lavandulifolium
15b. Leaves conspicuously not concolorous on both surfaces, green, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent adaxially, gray-white densely and thickly pubescent abaxially.
16a. All phyllaries densely pubescent abaxially, outer ones linear or linear-oblanceolate, apex rounded scarious-ampliate [??] .............................................................. 10. D. potentilloides
16b. Outer phyllaries ovate or long-ovate, apex not rounded scarious-ampliate, sparsely only at base or adaxially ...................................................................................... 11. D. arisanense
毛华菊 mao hua ju
Chrysanthemum sinense Sabine var. vestitum Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 439. 1888; Chrysanthemum vestitum (Hemsley) Stapf.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect, ca. 60 cm tall, long robust-branched in upper part or shortly corymbose-branched at apex, densely and thickly pubescent or becoming sparsely pubescent. Proximal stem leaves withered at anthesis. Middle stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate, suborbicular, or spatulate, 3.5--7 X 2--4 cm, grayish green, abaxially densely and thickly appressed-pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, grayish white, margin above middle obtusely repand-dentate, rarely obtusely 2- or 3-lobed, cuneate towards base. Distal stem leaves sessile or subsessile, similar, simple. Capitula 2--3 cm in diam.; 3--13, laxly and apically corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially densely pubescent, margin brown scarious, outer ones triangular or triangular-ovate, 3.5--4.5 mm, middle ones lanceolate-ovate, ca. 6.5 mm, inner ones obovate or oblanceolate-elliptic, 6--7 mm. Ray florets white; rays ca. 1.2 cm. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm. Fl., fr. Aug. 2n = 54@.
* Low mountain slopes, hills; 300--1500 m. Anhui, Henan, Hubei, ??Shaanxi.
菱叶菊 ling ye ju
Subshrubs ca. 1.5 m tall. Stems and branches densely white pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate; petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade rhomboid, 1--1.4 X 0.7--1.5 cm, base cuneate, obtusely 1-triangular-dentate or obtusely shallow-lobed on each side. Leaves near inflorescence elliptic, ovate, or broadly linear, ca. 1 X 0.5--0.6 cm, abaxially white or grayish white, densely and thickly appressed-pubescent, adaxially pale green or grayish green, sparsely pubescent. Capitula few, laxly apically corymbose. Involucres coryliform, ca. 1 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin white or brown, outer ones linear or linear-lanceolate, 3--4 mm, adaxially densely pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic, 4--5 mm, middle ones densely pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrescent abaxially. Ray florets white, rays ca. 8 mm, apex 3-denticulate. Achene ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Oct.
* Mountain slopes; elevation?? Sichuan (Wushan Xian).
野菊 ye ju
Chrysanthemum indicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 889. 1753; C. indicum Linnaeus var. coreanum H. Léveillé; C. indicum Linnaeus var. litorale Y. Ling; C. indicum Linnaeus var. lushanense (Kitamura) Handel-Mazzetti; C. lushanense Kitamura; C. nankingense Handel-Mazzetti; C. procumbens Loureiro; C. sabinii Lindley; Matricaria indica (Linnaeus) Desrousseaux; Pyrethrum indicum (Linnaeus) Cassini; Tanacetum indicum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus [Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum Q. H. Liu & S. F. Zhang??; Dendranthema lavandulifolium var. aromaticum (Q.H.Liu & S.F.Zhang) S.J.Zhou & D.K.Zang; D. nankingense (Handel-Mazzetti) X. D. Cui - Fl. Tsinling.??].
Herbs perennial, with long or short procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect or diffuse, 0.25--1 m tall, branched, sparsely pilose. Basal and proximal stem leaves withered at anthesis. Middle stem leaves with petiole 1--2 cm; leaf blade ovate, long-ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 3--7(--10) X 2--4(--7) cm, pinnatifid, pinnatilobed, or inconspicuously divided, base truncate, somewhat cordate or broadly cuneate, both surfaces pale green or olive, sparsely pubescent or less densely so abaxially. Capitula numerous or few, apically laxly corymbose. Involucres in 5 rows, margin broadly white- or brown scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones ovate or ovate-triangular, 2.5--3 mm, middle ones ovate, 6--8 mm, inner ones long-elliptic, ca. 1.1 cm. Ray florets yellow; rays 1--1.3 cm, apex entire or 3-denticulate. Achenes 1.5--1.8 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Nov. 2n = 18, 35-38, 36@, 40, 54.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, thickets, wet places by rivers, fields, roadsides, saline places by seashores, under shrubs; 100--2900 m. Nearly throughout China - provinces?? ??Anhui, ??Fujian, Guangdong??, ??Guizhou, ??Hebei, Henan??, Hubei, Hunan??, ??Jiangsu, Jiangxi??, ??Liaoning, ??Shaanxi, Shandong??, Shanxi??, Sichuan??, ??Taiwan, ??Yunnan, ??Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Uzbekistan].
Whole plant used medicinally for dissipating heat, detoxifying, and dissipating blood stasis.
小红菊 xiao hong ju
Chrysanthemum chanetii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 450. 1911; C. erubescens Stapf; C. maximowiczianum Y. Ling; C. maximowiczianum Y. Ling var. aristato-mucronatum Y. Ling; [Dendranthema erubescens (Stapf) Tzvelev- in FRPS??].
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems 15--60 cm tall, erect, branched from base or middle, but usually apically corymbose-branched, sparsely pubescent especially below capitula, rarely glabrous. Proximal and middle stem leaves with petiole 3--5 cm; leaf blade reniform, suborbicular, or broadly ovate, 2--5 cm, width subequaling length [measurements??], both surfaces green, sparsely pilose or glabrous, base slightly cordate or truncate, palmate-or palmate-pinnate, 3--5-lobed, rarely -parted; lobes obtusely dentate at margin, lateral lobes small, terminal ones large. Distal stem leaves elliptic or long elliptic, near inflorescence long elliptic or broadly linear. Capitula few (3) or [3--12??] numerous (12), apically corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 5--15 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, outer broadly linear, 5--9 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, margin lacerate, apex rounded scarious-ampliate; middle and inner ones 6--10 mm, oblanceolate or triangular-ovate to long linear-elliptic, 6--10 mm, margin white- or brown scarious. Ray florets white, pink, or purple; rays 1.2--2.2 cm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Oct. 2n = 36@.
Grasslands, forest edges on mountain slopes, floodlands, by ditches; 300--2700 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan?? [Korea, Mongolia??, Russia].
楔叶菊 xie ye ju
Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 186. 1909; C. sibiricum (de Candolle) Fischer & Turczaninow var. latilobum (Maximowicz) Komarov; C. zawadskii Herbert subsp. latilobum (Maximowicz) Kitagawa; C. zawadskii Herbert var. latilobum (Maximowicz) Kitamura; Leucanthemum sibiricum de Candolle var. latilobum (Maximowicz) Maximowicz.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect, 10--50 cm tall, branched above middle or apically shortly branched, rarely unbranched, sparsely pubescent, especially in upper part and near inflorescence or glabrescent to glabrous. Middle stem leaves long petiolate; leaf blade elliptic to long-elliptic or ovate, 1--3 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces glabrous or soon glabrescent, pinnate-palmate-pinnate 3--7-lobed or -parted, base cuneate or broadly cuneate. Distal stem leaves obovate, oblanceolate, or long-oblanceolate, 3--5-divided or entire. Capitula 3.5--5 cm in diam.; 2--9, apically laxly corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, abaxially sparsely villous or glabrescent, outer ones linear or linear-lanceolate, 4--6 mm, apex rounded scarious-ampliate; middle and inner ones elliptic or long-elliptic, 4.5--6 mm, margin and apex white or brown scarious. Ray florets white, pink, or pale purple; rays 1--1.5 cm, apex entire or 2-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 36.
Grasslands; 1400--1700 m. Gansu??, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong??, Shanxi?? [Korea, Mongolia??, Russia].
菊花 ju hua
Anthemis grandiflora Ramatuelle, J. Hist. Nat. 2: 233. 1792; Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle; Dendranthema morifolium (Ramatuelle) Tzvelev; [Tanacetum morifolium (Ramatuelle) Kitamura - in FRPS??; C. morifolium var. gracile Hemsley??].
Herbs perennial, with root buds. Stems solitary or fascicled, 60--120 cm tall, grayish pilose, base often ligniferous, much branched in upper part. Proximal and middle stem leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate, lanceolate, or long-elliptic, 5--6 X 3--5 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin dentate, apex acuminate. Distal stem leaves rhomboid or obovate. Capitula apical, solitary, few, or several and corymbose, 2.5--25 cm in diam. Involucres coryliform, 2--5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, outer ones linear-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, middle and inner ones obovate, ca. 6 mm. Rays-florets yellow, white, pink, or purple-red. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. year-round. 2n = 36, 45, 52-71@, 56 + 0-1B, 72.
Ornamental plant of hybrid origin, native to China - where??, ??Anhui, ??Fujian, ??Guizhou, ??Hebei, Hubei, ??Jiangsu, ??Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, ??Shaanxi, Shandong??, Shanxi??, ??Yunnan, ??Zhejiang; cultivated throughout China, and in other regions of the world - where??.
Capitula are used medicinally for improving eyesight and the liver, also for expelling cold and dissipating heat.
黄花小山菊 huang hua xiao shan ju
Chrysanthemum hypargyreum Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(3): 104. 1905; C. licentianum W. C. Wu; C. neo-oreastrum C. C. Chang.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems erect, 5--25 cm tall, sparsely pubescent or villous, unbranched. Basal leaves with petiole to 2 cm; leaf blade flabelliform or broadly ovate, 0.4--1.6 X 0.8--1.6 cm, bipinnatisect or bipalmate-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear or broadly linear. Proximal and middle stem leaves similar to basal leaves, small, all abaxially sparsely or densely pubescent, adaxially glabrescent to glabrous. Distal stem leaves usually pinnatisect, distalmost leaves 3-parted. Capitulum solitary at apex, 2--3.5 cm in diam. Involucres coryliform, 1--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially glabrous or sparsely villous, margin brown, outer ones linear or linear-lanceolate, 5--6 mm, middle and inner ones lanceolate or elliptic, 7--9 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays 6--12 cm. Fl. Sep, fr.??
* Meadows on mountain slopes; 1400--3900 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan.
小山菊 xiao shan ju
Chrysanthemum oreastrum Hance, J. Bot. 1: 108. 1878; C. sibiricum (de Candolle) Fischer & Turczinow var. alpinum Nakai; C. zawadskii Herbert var. alpinum (Nakai) Kitamura.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems 3--45 cm tall, erect, solitary, unbranched or rarely shortly 1- or 2-branched, densely villous or pubescent, becoming glabrescent to glabrous in lower part. Basal and proximal stem leaves with petiole 1--5 cm; leaf blade rhomboid, flabelliform, ovate, or broadly ovate, 0.5--2.5 X 0.5--3 cm, biternate-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear or broadly linear, abaxially densely villous. Distal stem leaves similar to basal and proximal leaves, but smaller; distalmost linear, entire. Capitula apically solitary, rarely 2 or 3, 2--4 cm in diam. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin deep or dark brown, scarious, outer ones linear, long-elliptic, or ovate, 5--9 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, middle and inner ones long-ovate or oblanceolate, 6--8 mm, middle ones sparsely villous abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets white or pink; rays 3-denticulate at apex. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug. 2n = 54@.
* Meadows; 1800--3000 m. Hebei, Jilin, Yunnan??.
甘菊 gan ju
Herbs perennial. Stems 30--150 cm, erect, corymbose-branched above middle or only in upper part, pilose, especially in upper part and on inflorescence-branches. Basal and proximal stem leaves withered by anthesis; middle stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, elliptic-ovate, long-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 2--7 X 1.5--4.5 cm, both surfaces concolorous [color??] or nearly so, bipinnatisect, bipinnatiparted, or inconspicuously bipinnatipartite; primary lateral segments 2 or 3(or 4) pairs; ultimate lobes elliptic. Distal stem leaves and leaves below inflorescence small, tripartite or entire. Capitula 1--1.5 cm in diam.; laxly or densely corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 5--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, margin white or pale brown scarious, outer ones linear or linear-oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose, middle and inner ones ovate, long-elliptic, or oblanceolate, ca. 4.5 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays 5--7.5 mm. Achenes 1.2--1.5 mm. Fl., fr. May--Nov. 2n = 18@, 36@.
Mountain slopes, rocks, river valleys, river banks, wastelands, hilly lands; 600--2800 m. ??Anhui, Gansu, ??Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan??, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia??].
1a. Ray florets ca. 1 mm ..................................................................................... 9c. var. discoideum
1b. Ray florets 5--7.5 mm.
2a. Leaves densely villous or pubescent abaxially ......................................... 9a. var. tomentellum
2b. Leaves sparsely pubescent on both surfaces ..................................... 9a. var. lavandulifolium
甘菊 gan ju
Pyrethrum lavandulifolium Fischer ex Trautvetter, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 181. 1871; C. bellum Grüning; C. bellum var. glabriusculum Y. Ling; C. bellum Grüning var. jucundum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitamura; C. boreale (Makino) Makino; C. jucundum Nakai & Kitagawa; C. lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautvetter) Makino; Dendranthema lavandulifolium var. glabriusculum (Y. Ling) Kitamura; C. lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautvetter) Makino var. jucundum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitamura; C. lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautvetter) Makino var. sianense Kitamura; C. namikawanum Kitamura; C. seticuspe (Maximowicz) Handel-Mazzetti; C. wilsonianum Handel-Mazzetti; D. lavandulifolium (Fischer & Trautvetter) Y. Ling & C. Shih var. seticuspe (Maximowicz) C. Shih; Pyrethrum seticuspe Maximowicz [add FRPS synonyms: Chrysanthemum seticuspe var. boreale (Makino) Handel-Mazzetti??; Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Y. Ling??].
Leaves sparsely pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous adaxially. Capitula large, 1--1.5 cm in diam. Ray florets large, rays 5--7.5 mm. 2n = 18@.
Mountain slopes, rocks, river valleys, river banks, wastelands, hilly lands; 600--2800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia??].
毛叶甘菊 mao ye gan ju
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautvetter) Makino var. tomentellum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 260. 1938 [what about C. boreale var. tomentellum (Handel-Mazzetti) Kitamura?? in Fl. Taiwan].
Leaves densely villous abaxially. Capitula large, 1--1.5 cm in diam., florets large; rays 5--7.5 mm.
* Mountain slopes; 2000--2500 m. Jiangsu??, ??Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang??.
隐舌甘菊 yin she gan ju
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautvetter) Makino var. discoideum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 259. 1938.
Leaves sparsely pilose on both surfaces or adaxially glabrous. Capitula small?? Ray florets small, rays ca. 1 mm.
* Mountain slopes; ca. 2700 m. Sichuan (Kangding Xian).
委陵菊 wei ling ju
Chrysanthemum potentilloides Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 261. 1938.
Herbs perennial, 30--70 cm tall. Stems erect or bent at base, robust, corymbose-branched in upper part, grayish white, densely and thickly appressed pubescent. Basal and proximal stem leaves shed at anthesis. Middle stem leaves shortly petiolate, with divided-auricle at base of petiole; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate, or broadly triangular-ovate, 1.5--3 X 2--3.5 cm, abaxially grayish white, densely pubescent, adaxially green or pale green, sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments elliptic, margin with few teeth or 1 tooth on one side. Distal leaves gradually smaller, similar to middle stem leaves. Capitula apically corymbose, 1.5--2 cm in diam. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially densely pubescent, margin white or brown scarious, outer ones linear or linear-oblanceolate, 3--4 mm, middle ones elliptic, 6--7 mm, inner ones shorter, ca. 5 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays 8--10 mm, apex minutely 2- or 3-denticulate. Fl. summer, fr.??.
* Foothills of low mountains; 1000--1500 m. Shanxi, Shaanxi.
阿里山菊 a li shan ju
Chrysanthemum arisanense Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 26. 1916.
Herbs perennial. Stems erect, ca. 40 cm tall, shortly corymbose-branched from middle, densely pubescent. Proximal stem leaves shed at anthesis. Middle stem leaves with petiole 1--2 cm; leaf blade ovate, 3--5 X 2--3 cm, bipinnatisect; primary segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments obliquely triangular, abaxially grayish white, densely and thickly pubescent, adaxially green, sparsely pubescent. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller, similar to middle stem leaves. Capitula ca. 1.2 cm in diam., numerous in an apical compound corymb. Involucres coryliform, ca. 7 mm in diam., phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broad, white or brown scarious, outer ones ovate or long-ovate, 3--4 mm, middle ones elliptic or long-elliptic, 4--4.5 mm, inner ones, long-elliptic or broadly linear, short, ca. 3 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays ca. 5 mm. Fl. summer, fr.??. 2n = 18@.
* Habitat??; elevation?? Jiangsu??, Taiwan.
紫花野菊 zi hua ye ju
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbert, Addit. Fl. Galic. 44. 1831; C. hwangshanense Y. Ling; C. maximowiczianum Y. Ling var. dissectum Y. Ling; C. naktongense Nakai var. dissectum (Y. Ling) Handel-Mazzetti; C. sibiricum Turczaninow ex de Candolle; Pyrethrum zawadskii (Herbert) Nyman.
Herbs perennial. Stems 15--60 cm tall, erect, few corymbose-branched in upper part, rarely unbranched, sparsely pubescent, rather densely so in upper part and below inflorescence, purple-red at lower and middle parts. Proximal and middle stem leaves with petiole 1--4 mm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, broadly ovate, broadly triangular, or subrhomboid, 1.4--4 X 1--3.5 cm, both surfaces concolorous [color??], sparsely pubescent or glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2 or 3 pairs; ultimate segments triangular or obliquely triangular, apex acute. Distal stem leaves elliptic or broadly linear, gradually smaller, pinnatipartite or entire. Capitula 1.5--4.5 cm in diam., 2--5 in apical lax corymbs, rarely apically solitary. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent only in outer ones, margin white or brown scarious, outer ones linear or linear-lanceolate, 3.5--8 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic or long-elliptic, 3--7 mm. Ray florets white or purple-red; rays 1--2 cm, apex entire or minutely emarginate. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 54@, 72.
Mountain slopes, streamsides, forest understories, grasslands, open places in forests; 800--1800 m. Anhui, Gansu, ??Hebei, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia??, Shaanxi, Shandong??, Shanxi, Sichuan??, ??Zhejiang [Mongolia, Russia].
细叶菊 xi ye ju
Chrysanthemum maximowiczii Komarov, Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 16: 179. 1916.
Herbs biennial. Stems 8--3 [??] cm tall, erect, solitary branched above middle, sparsely pilose in lower part. Proximal and middle stem leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, 2--2.5 X 2.5--3 cm, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments linear or narrowly linear, apex long acuminate. Distal stem leaves and leaves below inflorescence pinnatisect. Capitula 2--4, apically laxly corymbose. Involucres shallowly coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin white or brown scarious, outer ones linear, 5--6 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic to oblanceolate, 7--8 mm, middle ones sparsely pubescent or glabrous abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets white or pink; rays 1--1.5 cm, apex minutely 3-denticulate. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr.??.
Mountain slopes, nearby lakes, sand dunes; 1200--1300 m. Nei Mongol, NE China - provinces?? [Korea, Russia].
拟亚菊 ni ya ju
Tanacetum glabriusculum W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 202. 1918; Chrysanthemum brachyglossum Y. Ling; C. glabriusculum (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti [what about Ajania glabriuscula (W. W. Smith) Y. Ling??, see Index Fl. Yunnan].
Herbs perennial. Stems 60--80 cm tall, erect, branched above middle, pubescent especially in middle and upper parts. Middle stem leaves ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 2.5--6 X 1.5--3 cm, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments lanceolate or obliquely triangular, abaxially gray-white, densely and thickly appressed-pubescent, adaxially green or pale green, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Capitula numerous, apically compound-corymbose. Involucres campanulate, 5--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially sparsely pubescent along midvein, margin brown or white scarious, outer ones lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 2--3 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic, 4--5.5 mm. Ray florets yellow; ray 1--2.5 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate or entire. Fl. Sep--Oct, fr.?? 2n = 18@.
* Mountain slopes; 900--2600 m. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
异色菊 yi se ju
Herbs perennial, with robust rhizomes. Primary stems inconspicuous, much branched from base, ca. 30 cm tall, densely pubescent, leafy. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade obliquely elliptic or obliquely long-elliptic, 1--1.5 X 0.5--1 cm, pinnatisect, abaxially white or gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, adaxially green, glabrous or nearly so, apex cuneate-attenuate; lateral segments 1-paired, long-elliptic or lanceolate, entire or 1-dentate on one side; terminal segments similar to lateral ones, 2-dentate on one side, 1-dentate on other; leaves below capitula linear, entire. Capitula small, solitary [1--3??] at apices of branches, pedunculate. Pedicel densely appressed pubescent. Involucres coryliform, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin broadly scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially densely pubescent, apex brown orbicular scarious-dilated, middle and inner ones elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, middle ones densely pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets yellow, rays ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Aug.
* Mountain slopes; elevation?? Hebei (Neiqiu Xian).
银背菊 ying bei ju
Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 465. 1935.
Herbs perennial. Stems 10--35 cm tall, erect or curved from base, robust-branched, rarely unbranched, gray-white, densely and thickly villous. Basal leaves small; leaf blade orbicular or suborbicular; proximal and middle stem leaves with petiole 2--3.5 cm; leaf blade orbicular, suborbicular, broadly elliptic, broadly ovate, or oblanceolate, 2--3 X 2.5--3.5 cm, abaxially silvery, densely and thickly appressed-villous, adaxially green, glabrous or glabrescent, base cordate or truncate, margin dentate or duplicato-dentate [undivided or lyrate-pinnatiparted??]. Distal stem leaves oblanceolate or long-obovate, small, largely dentate or lyrate-pinnatipartite. Capitula 3--4 cm in diam., 3 or 4 in an apical corymb, rarely apically solitary. Involucres coryliform, 2--3 cm in diam., phyllaries in 5 rows, abaxially densely appressed pubescent, margin brown or white scarious, outer ones large, becoming bracteole leaflike, herbaceous, elliptic or oblanceolate, 1--1.5 cm, pinnatifid, middle and inner ones broadly linear, linear-lanceolate or elliptic, 8--9 mm. Ray florets white; rays ca. 1 cm. Achenes ca. 2.2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
* On rocks of mountain slopes; 1400--2100 m. Henan, Shaanxi.
蒙菊 meng ju
Chrysanthemum mongolicum Y. Ling, Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 463. 1935.
Herbs perennial. Stems 20--30 cm tall, fascicled, branched from middle or base, purple-red in lower part, sparsely pilose. Proximal and middle stem leaves with petiole 1.5--2 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, subrhomboid, or elliptic, 1--2 X 1.5--1.8 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect or inconspicuously bipalmate-pinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments triangular, apex aristate-acute. Distal stem leaves long-elliptic, pinnatifid; lateral lobes 2--4(--8)-paired. Capitula 3--4.5 cm in diam., 2--7 in an apical corymb, rarely solitary apically. Involucres coryliform, 1--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin white scarious, outer ones large, becoming bracteole leaflike, long-elliptic, 1--1.3 cm, herbaceous, pinnatilobed or pinnatifid, middle and inner ones long-elliptic, ca. 8 mm. Ray florets pink or white; rays 1.5--2 cm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 36, 54, 72.
Rocky mountain slopes; 1500--2500 m. Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia].
母菊属 mu ju shu
Lepidotheca Nuttall
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual, usually fragrant. Leaves pinnatisect or bipinnatisect. Capitula heterogamous, radiate or homogenous, discoid, solitary or corymbose. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows. Receptacle conical to subulate, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, female, fertile, white, ligulate, disk florets hermaphroditic, fertile, yellow or pale green, tubuliform. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical triangular appendage; style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes terete, slightly dorsiventrally compressed, small, adaxially with 3--5 thin ribs. Pappus absent or represented by a small corona or sometimes an adaxial auricle particularly in ray achenes.
About 7 species: Europe, Middle East, temperate Asia, N Africa, and N America; two species in China.
1a. Capitula heterogamous, with both marginal ray florets and central disk florets; ray florets white, disk florets yellow; achenes with 5 thin ribs adaxially; pappus absent ................................... 1. M. recutita
1b. Capitula homogenous, all
florets hermaphroditic, tubuliform, pale yellow-green; achenes with 2 or 3 thin
ribs adaxially; pappus represented by a corona
2.
M. matricarioides
母菊 mu ju
Matricaria chamomilla Linnaeus.
Herbs perennial, glabrous. Stems 30--40 cm tall, erect, striate, much branched in upper part. Proximal stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, 3--4 X 1.5--2 cm, bipinnatisect; ultimate segments linear, apex mucronulate. Distal stem leaves similar to proximal leaves, ovate or long-ovate. Capitula heterogamous, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; apically corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel 3--6 cm. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 2 rows, margin broadly white scarious, apex obtuse. Ray florets white; rays ca. 6 mm. Disk florets numerous, yellow, tubuliform. Achenes 0.8--1 mm, with 5 mainly adaxial thin ribs. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. May--Jul. 2n = 18.
Near fields, forests, above valleys; elevation??. ??Anhui, ??Hebei, ??Jiangsu, Liaoning??, ??Shaanxi, Shandong??, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Russia, ??Mongolia, Uzbekistan; Europe].
Cultivated ornamentally in Beijing and Shanghai. Capitula of this species are used medicinally for inducing sweat and relieving muscular spasms. The entire plant contains large amounts of Vitamins A and C.
同花母菊 tong hua mu ju
Artemisia matricarioides Lessing, Linnaea 6: 210. 1831; Matricaria discoidea de Candolle.
Herbs annual. Stems 5--30 cm tall, erect or ascending, branched in upper part or from base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent below capitula. Stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, 2--3 X 0.8--1 cm, bipinnatisect; ultimate segments short-linear, both surfaces glabrous. Capitula homogenous, irregularly corymbose or solitary at apices of branches, pedunculate. Pedicel 0.5--1 cm. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 3 rows, equal, oblong, abaxially glabrous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse; all florets hermaphroditic, pale yellow-green, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong, somewhat curved, ca. 1.5 mm, apex obliquely truncate, with 2 or 3 adaxial thin white ribs and 1 red thin stripe on each side. Pappus represented by a white corona. Fl., fr. Jul. 2n = 18.
Forests, roadsides, near houses; elevation??. Jilin (Beijing Xian, Huichun Xian), ??Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol [Japan, Kazakstan, Korea, Russia; N Asia, Europe, North America].
三肋果属 san lei guo shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual or perennial. Leaves bi- or tri-pinnatisect. Capitulum solitary or corymbose, pedunculate, heterogamous, radiate or homogenous, discoid. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, liguliform, female; rays white or rarely pale pink; disk florets hermaphroditic, tubuliform, 5-lobed; lobes each usually with resin sac. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical ovate-triangular or obolobe [oblong??] appendage; style-arms truncate at apex. Achenes triquetrous, often wrinkled or tuberculate, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral whitish, and sometimes 1 or 2 abaxial white ribs, abaxially and apically with (1 or)2(3--5) distinct resin sacs. Pappus represented by a corona, auricle, or few scales, sometimes absent.
Thirty-eight species: Europe and temperate Asia, a few species also in North America and N Africa; five species in China.
1a. Herb perennial, with rhizome; phyllaries with dark brown scarious margin; corona short, apex 3-lobed or obtusely 3-dentate.
2a. Capitula heterogamous, radiate ................................................................... 1. T. ambiguum
2b. Capitula homogenous, discoid ................................................................ 2. T. homogamum
1b. Herb annual or biennial, without rhizome.
3a. Phyllaries with narrow brownish scarious margin; corona
subentire
..................................................................................................... 3.
T. tetragonospermum
3b. Phyllaries with white or somewhat brownish scarious margin.
4a. Rays ca. 10 X 3.5 mm; corona shorter, subentire ....................................... 4. T. inodorum
4b. Rays ca. 4 X 1.5 mm; corona longer, ca. 0.5 m, 3-dentate ........................... 5. T. limosum
褐苞三肋果 he bao san lei guo
Pyrethrum ambiguum Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 4: 118. 1833; Chamaemelum ambiguum (Ledebour) Boissier; Matricaria ambigua (Ledebour) Krylov.
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Stems 15--50 cm tall, erect, striate, unbranched, scattered pilose below capitula. Basal leaves with petiole dilated basally; leaf blade lanceolate-oblong or oblong, 3--7(--10) X 1--2 cm, both surfaces glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments many paired; ultimate segments narrowly linear. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, small, sessile. Capitulum solitary at apex, 3--4 cm in diam. Involucres hemispheric, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin narrowly dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, 6--6.5 mm, middle ones oblong, inner ones oblanceolate. Ray florets white; rays ca. 2 X 4.5 mm. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed; lobes each with apical red resin sac. Achenes deep brown, ca. 2 mm, tuberculate, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral thick whitish ribs, sometimes 1 or 2 abaxial thin ribs, abaxially and apically with 2 distinct resin sacs. Corona with broad obtuse teeth. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Sunny mountain slopes, grasslands of river valleys; 700--2600 m. Heilongjiang??, Xinjiang (Tianshan and Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia].
无舌三肋果 wu she san lei guo
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems ca. 40 cm tall, striate, unbranched, conspicuously pubescent below capitula. Basal leaves with short petiole dilated basally; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong, 4--6 X 0.8--1.5 cm, pinnatisect to bipinnatisect; ultimate segments linear, both surfaces glabrous or very sparsely pubescent. Proximal and middle stem leaves similar to basal leaves, but sessile. Distal stem leaves linear, entire. Capitulum solitary at apex, homogenous, discoid, ca. 0.8 cm in diam. Pedicel to 10 cm. Involucres hemispheric, ca. 1 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, margin dark brown scarious, outer and middle ones lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, inner ones spatulate-oblanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm. All florets tubuliform, 5-lobed, lobes each with a resin sac. Achenes pale brown, triquetrous, ca. 2 mm, smooth, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral thick whitish ribs, sometimes 1 or 2 abaxial thin ribs, abaxially and apically with 2 distinct resin sacs. Corona ca. 0.2 mm, 3-lobed. Fl.??, fr.??
* Alpine forest edges; ca. 2500 m. Xinjiang (Burqin Xian).
东北三肋果 dong bei san lei guo
Chamaemelum tetragomospermum F. Schmidt, Fl. Sachal. 148. 1868.
Herbs annual. Stems 40--50 cm tall, striate, sparsely pubescent in upper part, glabrous in lower part, usually branched from base. Proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 5--15 X 2--5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, bi-or tri-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear-filiform. Distal stem leaves similar, small. Capitula several, solitary at apices of branches and stem, 2--2.5 cm in diam. Involucres hemispheric, 1.2--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin narrowly brownish scarious, outer ones ovate-oblong, apex obtuse, middle ones narrowly oblong, apex rounded, inner ones lanceolate-oblong, apex obtuse. Ray florets white; rays ca. 6.5 mm. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes brownish, triquetrous, ca. 1.5 mm, tuberculate, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral thick ribs, abaxially and apically with 2 distinct resin sacs. Corona entire, ca. 0.2 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Roadsides, sandy places by rivers; ca. 300 m. NE China - provinces??, ??Liaoning [Japan, Russia].
新疆三肋果 xin jiang san lei guo
Matricaria inodora Linnaeus, Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 765. 1755. [Chrysanthemum inodorum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1758??]
Herbs annual or biennial. Stems 30--70 cm tall, erect, striate, glabrous, corymbose-branched in upper 1/2. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong, 2--4 X 1--2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, bipinnatisect; ultimate segments narrowly linear. Distal stem leaves similar, gradually smaller. Capitula several to many, in an apical corymb, 2--3 cm in diam., pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric, 7--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, margin narrowly white scarious, outer ones lanceolate, middle and inner ones oblong to oblanceolate. Ray florets white; rays ca. 1 cm. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed; lobes each with a resin sac. Achenes brown, triquetrous, ca. 2 mm, wrinkled, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral thick whitish ribs, abaxially and apically with 2 distinct resin sacs. Corona short, subentire. Fl., fr. Sep. 2n = 36.
River valleys; ca. 1100 m. ??Jiangsu, Jilin??, Liaoning??, Xinjiang (Tacheng Xian) [Kazakstan, Russia, Uzbekistan; Europe].
三肋果 san lei guo
Chamaemelum limosum Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 156. 1859; Matricaris limosa (Maximowicz) Kudo; [add FRPS synonym: Matricaria maritima subsp. limosa (Maximowicz) Kitamura??].
Herbs annual or biennial. Stems 10--35 cm tall, striate, glabrous, unbranched or branched from base. Basal leaves withered by anthesis. Proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 5.5--9.5 X 2.5--3 cm, both surfaces glabrous, tripinnatisect; ultimate segments filiform. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller, similar to proximal and middle leaves. Capitula few to many, in an apical corymb, 1--1.5 cm in diam., pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, margin white or brownish scarious, outer ones broadly lanceolate, inner ones oblong. Ray florets white; rays 4(--6) mm. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed; lobes each with a resin sac. Achenes brown, triquetrous, ca. 2.5 mm, wrinkled, with 1 adaxial and 2 lateral whitish ribs, apically and abaxially with 2 distinct resin sacs. Corona ca. 0.5 mm, 3-lobed. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Sandy places by rivers and lakes, meadows, dry sandy mountain slopes; elevation?? Hebei, ??Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, NE China - provinces?? [Japan, Kazakstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan].
匹菊属 pi ju shu
Gumnociine Cassini.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial, subshrubs, or shrubs. Leaves pinnatifid to pinnatisect. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, rarely homogenous, discoid, solitary, few, or many, corymbose. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 3--5 rows, margin white-, brown-, or dark brown scarious. Receptacle convex, usually pilose. Ray florets in 1 row, very rarely 2 rows, female, fertile, white or red, rarely yellow, liguliform; rays ovate, elliptic, or linear. Disk florets hermaphroditic, yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes terete or triquetrous-terete, 5--10(--12)-ribbed. Pappus represented by a shallow or developed corona.
About 100 species; in Europe, Central Asia, N Africa; fourteen species in China, mostly in Xinjiang.
1a. Small subshrub ............................................................................................. 5. P. petrareum
1b. Perennial herb.
2a. Plant silvery gray; stems and leaves pubescent with appressed T-shaped or furcate hairs 3. P. cinerarifolium
2b. Plant gray-white, gray-green, or green; stems and leaves sparsely or densely pubescent with simple hairs.
3a. Involucres stramineous; phyllaries narrowly white scarious at margin; leaves petiolate.
4a. Plant green or deep green; rays 7--10 mm ...................................... 1. P. parthenifolium
4b. Plant yellow-green; rays 3--6 mm ........................................................ 2. P. parthenium
3b. Involucres not stramineous; phyllaries dark brown- or brown scarious at margin; stem leaves sessile or shortly petiolate.
5a. Corona very short, 0.1--0.2 mm or less than 0.1 mm.
6a. Rays red ............................................................................................. 4. P. coccineum
6b. Rays yellow or orange-red.
7a. Leaves bipinnatisect; rays linear or broadly linear, ca. 2 cm ............... 6. P. tatsienense
7b. Leaves tripinnatisect; rays long-elliptic, ca. 1 cm .................................. 7. P. atsinsonii
5b. Corona 0.4--1.5 mm.
8b. Receptacle pilose with easily shed hairs ...................................... 14. P. kaschgharicum
8a. Receptacle pilose.
9a. Plant gray to gray-white, densely and fluffy villous with long simple hairs 13. P. pyrethroides
9b. Plant green or dark green, usually sparsely villous or glabrous.
10a. Ray florets red or purple-red ..................................................... 12. P. richterioides
10b. Rays white.
11a. Basal leaves narrower, 1--2 cm wide ........................................... 11. P. pulchrum
11b. Basal leaves broader, 2--5 cm wide.
12a. Capitula apically solitary, very rarely 2 or 3 ............................. 9. P. krylovianum
12b. Capitula 2--7, very rarely apically solitary.
13a. Involucres 10--18 mm in diam.; rays 14--18 mm; ultimate
segments of leaves long-elliptic, broadly linear, or linear-lanceolate
8.
P. alatavicum
13b. Involucres 9--11 mm in diam.; rays 8--12 mm; ultimate segments of leaves filiform 10. P. abrotanifolium
??
Chrysanthemum parthenifolim (Willdenow) Persoon; Tanacetum pathenifolium (Willdenow) Schultz-Bipontinus.
Herbs perennial. Stems ca. 60 cm tall, erect, branched from base or middle, rather leafy. Basal leaves withered at anthesis. Middle and distal stem leaves with petiole 2--4 cm; leaf blade ovate, 5--7 X 3--4 cm, green or deep green, both surfaces sparsely pubescent along midvein, bipinnatisect; primary segments 3- or 4-paired; ultimate segments oblong, margin entire or coarsely dentate. Leaves below inflorescence elliptic or ovate-elliptic, small, pinnately divided or entire. Capitula numerous, apically corymbose. Involucres coryliform, 6--8 mm in diam., margin narrowly white scarious; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 2.8 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or long-linear-elliptic, ca. 3 mm. Ray florets white; rays elliptic, 7--10 mm, apex denticulate. Achenes ca. 3 mm. Corona ca. 0.2 mm, margin shallowly dentiform-lobed. Fl., fr. Jul--Oct. 2n = 18.
Yunnan [native to Central Asia].
Cultivated ornamentally.
短舌匹菊 duan she pi ju
Matricaria parthenium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753; M. latifolia Gilbert; Chrysanthemum parthenium Persoon; Tanacetum parthenium (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus; [add FRPS synonym: Parthenium matricaria Gesn. ex Ruprecht??].
Herbs perennial. Stems 15--50 cm tall, erect, branched from base, leafy. Basal leaves withered at anthesis. Middle and distal stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, 5--7 X 4--4.5 cm, both surfaces yellow-green, very sparsely pubescent along midvein, bipinnatisect, primary lateral segments 3- or 4-paired; ultimate segments oblong, margin or apex obtuse-dentate. Leaves below inflorescence small, pinnately divided. Capitula numerous, in a compound apical corymb, pedunculate. Pedicel 2--3.5 cm. Involucres coryliform, 6--9 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, margin white scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, middle and inner ones long elliptic or long-oblanceolate, 2.5--3 mm. Ray florets white or reddish; rays ovate-elliptic, 3--6 mm, apex 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 1.2 mm. Corona ca. 0.2 mm, margin irregularly lobed. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 18.
Cultivated in China [native to Europe].
Used ornamentally, also medicinally for dissipating heat and toxic materials.
除虫菊 chu chong ju
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevisan) Visiani; Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevisan) Schultz-Bipontanus.
Herbs perennial. Stems 17--60 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, unbranched or branched from base, pubescent with appressed T-shaped or furcate hairs. Basal leaves with petioles 10--20 cm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 1.5--4 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces silvery grayish, appressed pubescent with T-shaped and furcate hairs, bipinnatisect, primary segments 3--5-paired, ultimate segments linear or oblong-ovate, margin entire or few dentate. Proximal and middle leaves similar, large, shortly petiolate. Capitula apically solitary or 3--10 in apical lax corymb. Involucres coryliform, 1.2--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially pubescent especially in outer ones, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, middle and inner ones lanceolate to broadly linear, 5--6 mm, margin narrowly white scarious. Ray florets white; rays 1.2--1.5 cm, apex truncate or emarginate. Achenes 2.5--3.5 mm. Corona 0.8--1.5 mm, margin shallowly lobed. Fl., fr. May--Aug. 2n = 18@, 24, 27, 29, 31, 34, 36.
Widely cultivated in China, ??Anhui, ??Guizhou, ??Hebei, Hubei, ??Liaoning, ??Zhejiang [Native to Europe].
Capitula used as an insecticide.
红花除虫菊 hong hua chu hong ju
Chrysanthemum coccineum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 2144. 1803; C. marschallii Ascherson.
Herbs perennial. Stems 25--50 cm tall, erect, solitary, unbranched or few branched from base, subglabrous. Basal leaves with petiole 2--10 cm; leaf blade ovate or long-elliptic, 4--8 X 2.5--4 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 5-paired; ultimate segments triangular, elliptic, or long-elliptic. Stems leaves similar, sessile or shortly petiolate; leaves below capitula small, pinnately-divided or undivided. Capitulum solitary apically. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or linear-oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Ray florets red; rays long-elliptic, ca. 1.6 cm, apex 2- or 3 denticulate. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm. Corona 0.1--0.2 mm, margin shallowly obtusely lobed. Fl., fr. May--Oct. 2n = 36.
Cultivated in China - ??Anhui, ??Hebei [native to C Asia].
Used as an insecticide.
岩匹菊 yuan pi ju
Subshrubs small, ca. 35 cm tall. Old branches gray; young branches purple-red in lower part, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Proximal leaves with petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or oblanceolate, 2--4 X 1.4--2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, bipinnatipartite; primary lateral lobes 2- or 3-paired; ultimate lateral lobes 1-paired, obliquely triangular. Distal leaves pinnatifid, small. Capitulum solitary apically or 2 or 3 in an irregular corymb. Involucres coryliform, 1.5--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin dark brown or brown scarious, outer ones long-oblanceolate-elliptic, ca. 6 mm, densely pubescent to glabrescent or glabrous abaxially, middle and inner ones lanceolate-triangular or elliptic, 7--8 mm, middle ones densely pubescent to glabrescent or glabrous abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets pink; rays long-elliptic, ca. 2 cm, apex 2-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Corona 0.1--0.2 mm, divided to 1/2 or base. Fl., fr. Aug.
* On rocks of mountain slopes; 1800--2600 m. Xinjiang (Fuyun Xian).
川西小黄菊 chuan xi xiao huang ju
Herbs perennial. Stems 7--25 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, unbranched, villous with long simple white hairs, especially in upper part and near capitula. Basal leaves with petiole 1--3 cm; leaf blade elliptic or long-elliptic, 1.5--7 X 1--1.5 cm, both surfaces green, sparsely villous or glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 5--15-paired; ultimate segments linear. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, sessile. Capitulum solitary at apex. Involucres coryliform, 1--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin dark brown or brown scarious, outer ones linear-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, middle and inner ones long-lanceolate or broadly linear, 7--8 mm, middle ones sparsely villous abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets orange-red or absent; rays linear or broadly linear, ca. 2 cm, apex 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 3 mm. Corona ca. 0.1 mm, divided to base. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
* Alpine meadows, thickets, gravelly places on mountain slopes; 3500--5200 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
1a. Capitula with ray florets ................................................................................. 6a. var. tatsienense
1b. Capitula without ray florets .......................................................................... 6b. var. tanacetopsis
川西小黄菊 chuan xi xiao huang ju
Chrysanthemum tatsienense Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 72. 1891; C. jugorum W. W. Smith.
Capitula heterogamous, radiate. Ray florets orange-red; rays linear or broadly linear, ca. 2 cm.
* Alpine meadows, thickets, gravelly places on mountain slopes; 3500--5200 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
Entire plant used medicinally for promoting blood circulation.
无舌小黄菊 wu she xiao huang ju
Chrysanthemum jugorum (W. W. Smith) var. tanacetopsis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10: 173. 1918; C. pullum Handel-Mazzetti; C. tatsienense var. tanacetopsis (W. W. Smith) Marquand.
Capitula homogamous, discoid. All florets tubuliform, hermaphroditic.
* Alpine meadows, thickets; 3500--5000 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
藏匹菊 zang pi ju
Chrysanthemum atkinsonii C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 147. 1876.
Herbs perennial. Stems 12--30 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, villous with long curved simple hairs especially in upper part and below capitula. Basal leaves with petiole ca. 2.4 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate or long-elliptic, 4--10 X 1.5--3 cm, both surfaces pale green, sparsely villous with curved simple hairs, tripinnatisect; primary lateral segments 7--12-paired; ultimate segments obliquely triangular, lanceolate, or linear. Stem leaves similar, usually bipinnatisect, sessile. Capitulum solitary at apex. Involucres coryliform, 1--2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially subglabrous, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or oblanceolate, 7--9 mm, abaxially glabrous. Ray florets yellow; rays long-elliptic, ca. 1 cm, apex 3-denticulate. Corona shorter than 0.1 mm. Fl. Jul, fr.??.
Thickets on mountain slopes; 1800--2600 m. Xizang (Yadong Xian) [Sikkim].
新疆匹菊 xin jiang pi ju
Tanacetum alatavicum Herder in Regel & Herder, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(2): 129. 1867; Chrysanthemum alatavicum (Herder) Schultz-Bipontinus.
Herbs perennial. Stems 25--100 cm tall, erect or fascicled, branched in upper part, rarely unbranched. Basal leaves with petiole 4--7 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic or oblanceolate, 10--18 X 3--4 cm, green, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely villous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 5--14-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic, broadly linear, or linear-lanceolate. Middle and distal stem leaves progressively smaller, similar; leaves below capitula pinnately divided or entire. Capitula 2--5, irregularly corymbose at apex, rarely solitary, pedunculate. Pedicel 9--19 cm. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.8 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin dark brown scarious, outer ones long-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or oblanceolate. Ray florets white; rays 1.4--1.6 cm, apex entire. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm, Corona 0.5--1 mm, divided to 1/2 or to base. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Mountain slopes; above 1800 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, ??Mongolia, Russia].
黑苞匹菊 hei bao pi ju
Pyrethrum alatavicum subsp. krylovianum (Krascheninnikov) N.M. Boldyreva.
Herbs perennial. Stems 30--70 cm tall, erect, solitary or fascicled, few branched or not, very sparsely pilose. Basal and proximal stem leaves petiolate; leaf blade long-elliptic, 5--20 X 2--5 cm, green, both surfaces very sparsely pilose or glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 7--12-paired; ultimate segments obliquely triangular, lanceolate, broadly linear, or linear. Middle and distal stem leaves similar, small, sessile. Capitula 1--3 at apex, inconspicuously corymbose. Involucres coryliform, ca. 1.6 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broadly brown scarious, outer ones ovate, ca. 3 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic or broadly linear, 4--7 mm. Ray florets white; rays long-elliptic, 1.4--2.5 cm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm. Corona 0.4--0.7 mm, lobed to 1/2. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Forest understories, alkaline soils; 2500--3200 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, ??Mongolia, Russia].
丝叶匹菊 si ye pi ju
Chrysanthemum abrotanifolium (Bunge ex Ledebour) Krylov.
Herbs perennial, with thick rhizomes. Stems 30--60 cm tall, solitary, erect, branched in upper part, very sparsely pilose or glabrous. Basal and proximal stem leaves with petiole 3--5 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic or long-linear-elliptic, ca. 14 X 2--4 cm, green, both surfaces sparsely villous with glandular and curved long simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 7--15-paired; ultimate segments filiform. Middle and distal stem leaves similar, gradually smaller, sessile. Capitula pedunculate, 3--7, not forming regular corymb. Involucres coryliform, 9--11 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown or dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose, middle and inner ones long-elliptic to linear-elliptic, 4--5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Ray florets white; rays long-elliptic, 8--12 mm. Achenes ca. 2.2 mm. Corona 0.3--0.5 mm, lobed or divided to 1/2. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Mountain slopes; above 2000 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia??, Russia].
美丽匹菊 mei li pi ju
Chrysanthemum pulchrum (Ledebour) C. Winkler; C. pulchrum (Ledebour) Y. Ling; Tanacetum pulchrum (Ledebour) Schultz-Bipontinus; Tripleurospermum pulchrum (Ledebour) Ruprecht.
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Stems 15--35 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, unbranched, villous with curved long simple hairs, especially in upper part and near capitula. Basal leaves with petioles to 4 cm; leaf blade linear or linear-oblong, 2--10 X 1--2 cm, green, both surfaces glabrous or somewhat villous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 6--12-paired; ultimate segments linear or linear-lanceolate. Stem leaves similar, gradually smaller, sessile. Capitulum solitary at apex, pedunculate. Pedicel villous with rather dense and fluffy curved long simple hairs. Involucres coryliform, 1.5--2.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones ovate or broadly ovate, 5--6 mm, abaxially villous with long simple hairs, middle and inner ones elliptic or broadly linear, 8--10 mm, middle ones villous with long simple hairs abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Ray florets white; rays linear, 1.5--3 cm, apex entire. Achenes 2.5--3 m. Corona 1--1.2 mm, divided to base. Fl., fr. Aug.
Meadows; ca. 2600 m. Xinjiang (Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia].
单头匹菊 dan tou pi ju
Chrysanthemum richterioides C. Winkler, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 86. 1887; C. merzbacheri B. Fedtschenko ex G. Merzbacher; Pyrethrum karelinii Krascheninnikov.
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Stems 6--35 cm tall, erect or curved from base, solitary or fascicled, villous with curved long simple hairs, especially in upper part and below capitula. Basal and proximal stem leaves with petioles to 4 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic, 2.5--6 X 1.5--2 cm, green or pale green, both surfaces sparsely villous with curved long simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 4--10-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic. Middle and distal stem leaves similar, gradually smaller. Capitulum solitary at apex, long or shortly pedunculate. Involucres coryliform, 1.5--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, 5--6 mm, abaxially sparsely villous with curved long simple hairs, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or oblanceolate, 5--6.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Ray florets red or purple-red; rays broadly linear, 1.4--2 cm, apex minutely 3-denticulate. Corona 0.3--0.5 mm, divided to 1/2. Fl. Aug--Sep, fr.??.
* Mountain slopes, meadows, alluvial places; 2000--3100 m. Xinjiang (Tianshan Mt., Dschungar Basin).
The type of Pyrethrum karelinii is from Alatau (Songaria): Karelin & Kirilow 440.
灰叶匹菊 hui ye pi ju
Richteria pyrethroides Karelin & Kirilow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 127. 1842; Chrysanthemum pyrethroides (Karelin & Kirilow) B. Fedtschenko; C. richteria Bentham; Pyrethrum arassanicum (C. Winkler) O. & B. Fedtschenko; Pyrethrum trasiliense (Herder) Regel & Schmalhausen; [add FRPS synonyms - Tanacetum transiliense Herder??; Pyrethrum transiliense var. subvillosum Regel & Schmalhausen??; Chrysanthemum arassanicum C. Winkler??].
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Stems (5--)10--40 cm tall, erect or ascending, fascicled, rarely solitary, few branched or not, gray-white, villous with curved long simple hairs especially below capitulum. Basal leaves with petioles to 4 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic, 1.5--7 X 0.6--2 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely or sparsely villous with curved long simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 3--8-paired; ultimate segments linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Stem leaves similar, sessile, rather small. Capitulum solitary at apex, rarely 2 or 3, not forming a conspicuous corymb. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.4 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin dark brown scarious, outer ones ovate or long-ovate-triangular, 3--4(--6) mm, abaxially villous with dense fluffy curved long simple hairs, middle and inner ones long-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5--15 mm, middle ones densely villous with fluffy curved long simple hairs abaxially, inner ones glabrous or nearly so abaxially. Rays-florets white or pale red; rays elliptic or long-elliptic, 5--15 mm, apex 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm. Corona ca. 1 mm, divided to base. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Meadows, rocky mountain slopes, floodlands; below 3700 m. Xinjiang [India, Kazakstan, Russia, Uzbekistan].
托毛匹菊 tuo mao pi ju
Herbs perennial, with branched rhizomes. Stems 15--30 cm tall, erect or curved from base, simple, solitary or fascicled, villous with sparse curved long simple hairs. Basal and proximal stem leaves with petioles to 5.5 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic, 3--7 X 1.5--2.5 cm, bipinnatisect, both surfaces gray-white, with dense curved long simple hairs; primary lateral segments 4--9-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic or long-linear-elliptic. Stem leaves similar to basal and proximal stem leaves, sessile; leaves below capitulum pinnately divided. Capitulum solitary at apex. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin broad and dark brown scarious, outer ones triangular-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially villous with curved long simple hairs, middle and inner ones elliptic or long-oblanceolate, ca. 6 mm, middle ones villous with curved long simple hairs abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Receptacle pilose with easily shed hairs. Ray florets white or red; rays elliptic, 6--10 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Achenes 2.5--3 mm. Corona ca. 0.8 mm, divided to base. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
* Mountain slopes; ca. 2200 m. Xinjiang.
太行菊属 tai hang ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial, with somewhat woody stem basally. Leaves pinnatisect. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, 1--3 at apex, corymbose. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 4 rows, with broad scarious margins. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, liguliform; rays white or pink. Disk florets numerous, hermaphroditic, yellow, tubuliform, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes obovoid, 3- or 4-ribed. Pappus represented by 4--6 separate unequal, mainly abaxial subulate scales.
Monotypic; native to Taihangshan Mountains.
太行菊 tai hang ju
Chrysanthemum taihangense Y. Ling, Contr. Bot. Surv. N. W. China 1(2): 22. 1939; Opisthopappus longilobus C. Shih.
Herbs perennial. Stems 10--30 cm tall, ascending, basally somewhat woody, purple-red or brown, densely or sparsely appressed pubescent. Basal leaves with petioles 0.5--?? cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or elliptic, 2.5--3.5 X 2--2.5 cm, pinnatisect or bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments linear, falcate, lanceolate, or obliquely triangular, both surfaces sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves; distalmost leaves pinnately divided. Capitula 1--3 at apices of branches. Involucres coryliform, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, outer and middle ones linear or oblanceolate, 4--5.5 mm, abaxially rather densely pubescent, inner ones long-elliptic, 6--7 mm, abaxially glabrous or nearly so. Ray florets white or pink; rays linear, ca. 2 cm, apex 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes obovoid, 3--5-ribbed, ca. 1.2 mm. Pappus represented by 4--6 mainly abaxial, separate unequal subulate scales. Fl.??, fr.??
* On rocks of mountain slopes, cliffs; ca. 1000 m. Hebei, Henan, Shanxi.
Capitula used medicinally for treating diseases of the liver.
菊蒿属 ju hao shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial. Leaves bipinnatisect. Capitula heterogamous or homogamous, radiate, discoid or disciform, densely or laxly corymbose; involucres campanulate; phyllaries in 3--5 rows, margin narrow and scarious or subscarious. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, yellow, female, fertile. Disk florets numerous, hermaphroditic, yellow, tubuliform, sometimes all florets tubuliform. Anthers obtuse at base with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage; Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes triquetrous-terete, 5--10-ribbed. Pappus represented by a corona 0.1--0.4 mm, lobed, sometimes divided to base.
About 50 species: Europe and temperate Asia; seven species in China, mainly in Xinjiang. [what about the K. Bremer & C. J. Humphries 1993 names??]
1a. Capitula discoid, all florets tubuliform ................................................................................... 1. T. vulgare
1b. Capitula heterogamous, radiate with ray florets and disk florets.
2a. Basal leaves inconspicuously tripinnatisect ................................................. 6. T. scopulorum
2b. Leaves bipinnatisect.
3a. Capitula densely corymbose or compound-corymbose at apex.
4a. Capitula not densely corymbose; pedicel slender, 2--5 cm .................... 2. T. tanaceoides
4b. Capitula densely corymbose; pedicel becoming thick at apex, 0.5--1.5 cm 3. T. crassipes
3b. Capitula laxly irregularly corymbose at apex.
5a. Leaves long-elliptic or long-linear-elliptic ............................................ 4. T. barclayanum
5b. Leaves linear or broadly linear .................................................................. 5. T. santolina
菊蒿 ju hao
Chrysanthemum tanacetum Visiani; C. vulgare (Linnaeus) Bernhardi; C. vulgare (Linnaeus) Bernhardi var. boreale (Fischer ex de Candolle) Makino; Pyrethrum vulgare (Linnaeus) Boissier; Tanacetum boreale Fischer ex de Candolle; T. crispum Steudel; T. umbellatum Gilbert; [add FRPS synonym - T. vulgare var. boreale (Fischer ex De Candolle) Trautvetter & Meyer??].
Herbs perennial. Stems 30--150 cm tall, erect, solitary or fascicled, corymbosely branched in upper part, usually glabrous. Leaves sparsely corymbose, proximal stem leaves petiolate; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-ovate, ca. 20 X 8--10 cm, both surfaces green or pale green, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments to 12-paired; ultimate segments ovate, obliquely triangular, or long-elliptic; rachis dentate. Middle and distal stem leaves similar to proximal stem leaves, sessile. Capitula?? Involucres campanulate, 5--13 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin narrowly white or brown, outer ones ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm; middle and inner ones lanceolate, 3--4 mm. All florets yellow, tubuliform, outer ones female, central hermaphroditic. Achenes 1.2--2 mm. Corona 0.1--0.4 mm, margin dentate. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug. 2n = 18, 18 + 2B.
Mountain slopes, grasslands, floodlands, meadows, meadowy steppes, hills, forest understories; 200--2400 m. Heilongjiang, ??Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [Japan, Kazakstan, Korea, Mongolia, Turkmenistan??, Russia; Europe, North America].
Whole plant used as an insecticide.
伞房菊蒿 san fang ju hao
Pyrethrum tanacetoides de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 59. 1937; Chrysanthemum tamecetoides (de Candolle) B. Fedtschenko.
Herbs perennial, with branched rhizomes. Stems 20--85 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, erect, corymbosely branched in upper part, sparsely pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs. Basal leaves with petiole 6--9 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ca. 10 X 2.5 cm, both surfaces green or gray-green, sparsely pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 10--15-paired; ultimate segments linear or ovate. Stem leaves similar, sessile; distalmost leaves pinnatisect. Capitula 3--10(--18), not densely corymbose. Pedicel slender, 2--5 cm. Involucres campanulate; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially villous or pubescent with long or short hairs, apex scarious-ampliate, outer and middle ones triangular-lanceolate or long-lanceolate, 2--4.5 mm, inner ones linear-elliptic, ca. 4 mm. Ray florets white; rays 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm. Corona 0.1--0.3 mm, margin denticulate. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Rocky slopes; 500--1800 m. Xinjiang (Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan, Russia].
密头菊蒿 mi tou ju hao
Pyrethrum crassipes Stcheglejow; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27: 172. 1854; Chrysanthemum crassipes (Stcheglejow) B. Fedtschenko.
Herbs perennial, with branched rhizomes. Stems 20--60 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, corymbosely branched in upper part, sparsely pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs. Basal leaves with petiole 3--5 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic, 8--15 X ca. 2 cm, green or deep green, both surfaces appressed pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 10--15-paired; ultimate segments linear-elliptic. Stem leaves few, similar to basal leaves, sessile. Capitula 3--7 at apex, densely corymbose. Pedicel becoming thick at apex, 0.5--1.5 cm. Involucres campanulate, 0.7--1(--1.4) cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, abaxially with simple hairs, apex scarious-ampliate, outer and middle ones lanceolate, 2.5--4 mm, inner ones long-linear-elliptic, ca. 4 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Corona ca. 0.3 mm, margin denticulate. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Rocky slopes, forest understories, grasslands; ca. 2100 m. Xinjiang (Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan, Russia].
阿尔泰菊蒿a er tai ju hao
Pyrethrum acheilifolium M. von Bieberstein var. discoideum Karelin & Kirilow; P. turlanicum Pavlov; Tanacetum turlanicum (Pavlov) Tzvelev.
Herbs perennial, with short rhizomes. Stems 25--60 cm tall, solitary or fascicled, corymbosely branched in upper part. Basal leaves with petiole to 8 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic or linear-elliptic, 8--10 X 1--2 cm, green or gray-green, both surfaces villous with T-shaped and simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 10--18-paired; ultimate segments linear-lanceolate to ovate. Stem leaves few, similar to basal leaves, sessile. Capitula 8--16 at apex, laxly corymbose. Involucres campanulate, 0.7--1.7 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apex white scarious, middle and inner ones oblong, 3--4 mm, margin narrowly white scarious. Ray florets yellow; rays apex 3-denticulate. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Corona ca. 0.1 mm, margin entire or minutely denticulate. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Thickets; 500--2100 m. Xinjiang (Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan, Russia].
散头菊蒿 san tou ju hao
Chrysanthemum santolina (C. Winkler) B. Fedtschenko; Pyrethrum kasakhstanicum Krascheninnikov.
Herbs perennial. Stems 20--30 cm tall, erect, solitary or fascicled, corymbosely branched in upper part. Basal leaves with petiole 6--8 cm; leaf blade linear or broadly linear, 6--8 X 2--3 cm, both surfaces gray-green, pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 10--12-paired; ultimate segments elliptic to elliptic-ovate. Stem leaves few, similar to basal leaves, sessile. Capitula 5--12, irregularly corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel 6--8 cm, not thick. Involucres campanulate, 4--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin narrowly scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, inner ones long-linear-elliptic, 3--5 mm. Ray florets yellow. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Corona 0.2--0.4 mm, lobed or serrate. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Rocky slopes, moist places on mountain slopes; 1100--2100 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Russia].
岩菊蒿 yan ju hao
Pyrethrum scopulorum Krascheninnikov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk SSSR 9: 164. 1946; Lepidolopsis scopulorum (Krascheninnikov) Poljakov.
Herbs perennial, with branched rhizomes. Stems to 35 cm tall, shortly corymbose branched in upper part, solitary or fascicled, densely or sparsely pilose with T-shaped and simple hairs. Basal leaves with petioles to 2 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic or elliptic, 4--8 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces green or pale gray-green, pilose with simple and T-shaped hairs, inconspicuously tripinnatisect; primary lateral segments 8--10-paired; ultimate segments ovate-lanceolate or obliquely triangular. Stem leaves few, sessile. Capitula 3--6, corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel 1--8 cm. Involucres campanulate, 7--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially villous or pubescent, apex white scarious-ampliate, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic to linear-elliptic, 3--5 mm. Ray florets yellow; rays 3- or 4-denticulate. Achenes 2--2.3 mm. Corona 0.2--0.3 mm, margin serrate. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Mountain slopes; ca. 700 m. Xinjiang (Altai Mts.) [Kazakstan].
扁毛菊属 bian mao ju shu
Waldheimia Karelin & Kirilow.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial, glabrous to densely tomentose. Leaves alternate to rosulate, dense, spatulate or cuneate, apex 3--5-lobed or -parted, or oblong, pinnately divided. Capitulum solitary, but several capitula per plant, pedunculate or without pedicels, heterogamous, radiate. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries overlapping, in 3 or 4 rows, margin dark scarious. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Ray florets in 1 row, female, liguliform, usually sterile; rays pink, white, or bluish violet. Disk florets numerous, hermaphroditic, tubuliform, fertile, 5-lobed. Anther obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes somewhat curved, faintly 5--10-ribbed, with sessile glands, sometimes pilose. Pappus many (20--50), bristle-like, deplanate, with flat and palmate base, sometimes ampliate [??] at apex.
Eight alpine species: Central Asia, Himalayas, Mongolia; 7 species in China. [what about the 2 Bremer & Humphries 1993 names??]; A. incana F. W. Klatt?? [Tibet: Province Ladak, H. v. Schlagintweit 6309].
1a. Leaves oblong, pinnatisect or pinnatipartite; achenes sparsely pilose or subglabrous.
2a. Leaves arachnoid-lanose on both surfaces .................................................. 1. A. tomentosa
2b. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces ................................................................ 2. A. stoliczkae
1b. Leaves spatulate or cuneate, 3--5-lobed or -parted; achenes glabrous or pilose.
3a. Achenes pilose ........................................................................................... 7. A. lasiocarpa
3b. Achenes glabrous.
4a. Plant glabrous ........................................................................................ 3. A. tridactylites
4b. Plant lanose.
5a. Plant lanose with rather sparse hairs ........................................................... 4. A. huegelii
5b. Plant lanose with dense and thick hairs.
6a. Capitula ca. 2 cm in diam.; leaves 1--1.5 cm, densely pale yellow- or gray-white lanose, 3--5-lobed, lobes 1--2.5 mm ....................................................................................... 5. A. vestita
6b. Capitula ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; leaves 4--5 mm, densely gray-white lanose, 3-lobed, lobes very short and obtuse ......................................................................................................... 6. A. nivea
羽裂扁毛菊 yu lie bia nmao ju
Waldheimia tomentosa (Decaisne) Regel.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent much branched rhizomes. Stems 10--15 cm tall, numerous, laxly caespitose, branched or not, base with remains of brown scarious petioles. Leaves with petioles ampliate[??] at base; leaf blade oblong to linear-oblong, 4--5 X 0.2--1.5 cm, bipinnatipartite; primary lateral pinna 6--9-paired, abaxial pinna gradually smaller; ultimate pinna lanceolate to ovate, both surfaces white lanate [arachnoid-lanose??], apex long mucronulate. Capitulum solitary, but several capitula per plant, pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric, 1.7--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, outer ones lanceolate, short, abaxially lanate, margin broadly dark brown scarious, apex acute, inner ones linear-oblong, nearly scarious. Ray florets pink; rays linear-oblong, ca. 1.5 cm. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achene narrowly oblong, ca. 4.5 mm, sparsely villous in upper 1/2, with sessile glands, 6--8-ribbed; ribs pale red-brown in upper part. Pappus many, bristle-like, deplanate, ampliate[??] in upper part, ca. 6 mm, apically brownish. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Talus on mountain slopes; 4200--5200 m. Xinjiang (Pulan Xian), ??Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan].
光叶扁毛菊 guang ye bian mao ju
Waldheimia stoliczkae (C. B. Clarke) Ostenfeld.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent rhizomes. Stems ca. 15 cm tall, glabrous. Leaves pinnatisect to bipinnatisect, glabrous. Capitula pedunculate. Phyllaries glabrous, margin dark scarious. Rays ca. 1.5 cm. Achenes sparsely pilose or glabrous. Fl.??, fr.??
W Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan].
No Chinese specimens were seen. The description is based on Fl. URSS (26: 268. 1961).
扁毛菊 bian mao ju
Waldheimia tridactylites Karelin & Kirilow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 126. 1842; Allardia glabra Decaisne; Waldheimia glabra (Decaisne) Regel.
Herbs perennial, with procumbent, woody, much branched rhizome. Stems many, short, with dense rosulate leaves. Leaves sessile, dense; leaf blade cuneate, 1--1.5 X 0.5--0.7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, basally cuneate-attenuate, apex 3(--5)-lobed or -parted. Capitulum solitary at apex, but with several capitula per plant, 2.5--3.5 cm in diam.; without pedicels. Involucres hemispheric, 1.5--2 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones ovate-oblong to oblong, ca. 7 mm, inner ones oblong, ca. 8 mm. Ray florets 8--15; rays pink or purple-red, elliptic-oblong, ca. 8 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm, somewhat curved, 5-ribbed, glabrous, with sessile glands. Pappus many, ca. 6.5 mm, bristle-like. Fl.??, fr.??
Floodlands, talus on mountain slopes; 4900--5500 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, N India, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Uzbekistan].
多毛扁毛菊 duo mao bian mao ju
Waldheimia huegelii (Schultz-Bipontinus) Tzvelev.
Herbs perennial, strongly fragrant, with creeping much branched rhizomes. Stems ca. 2 cm tall, numerous, short. Leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong-cuneate, 8--12 X 3--5 mm, both surfaces gray-white lanate, apex 3-parted. Capitulum solitary at apex, ca. 2 cm in diam.; pedunculate or not. Involucres hemispheric, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-linear, abaxially lanose, margin broadly or narrowly dark scarious, apex obtuse or acute. Ray florets pink; rays oblong, ca. 7 mm, apex minutely 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets numerous, yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, with sessile glands. Pappus many, bristle-like, ca. 3 mm, subulate, apically greenish. Fl., fr. Aug.
Among stones; ca. 5800 m. Xizang (Zhongba Xian) [Tajikistan (Pamirs)].
厚毛扁毛菊 hou mao bian mao ju
Waldheimia vestita (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke) Pampanini.
Herbs perennial, 4--6 cm tall, densely and thickly yellowish or gray-white lanose, with creeping woody rhizomes. Stems many, short, erect, with dense lanose leaves. Leaves sessile; leaf blade cuneate, 1--1.5 cm X 4--5 mm, apex 3-lobed. Capitulum solitary at apex, shortly pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, ovate to oblong, 4--6 mm, abaxially lanose, margin deep brown scarious. Ray florets pink; rays broadly elliptic. Disk florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 2 mm, with sessile glands. Pappus many, bristle-like, deplanate, 2--3 mm, apically brownish. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Mountain slopes; 5000--5300 m. Xizang (Tingri Xian) [India, Pakistan].
小扁毛菊 xiao bian mao ju
Waldheimia nivea (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke) Regel.
Herbs perennial, villous, with dense appressed gray-white hairs. Rhizome procumbent, woody, much branched. Stems many, erect, with dense lanose leaves. Leaves sessile; leaf blade cuneate, 4--5 X 1.5--2.5 mm, apex 3-lobed. Capitulum solitary at apex, shortly pedunculate. Involucres hemispheric, 8--11 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, abaxially lanose, margin narrowly brown scarious, outer and middle ones ovate to oblong, 4--5 mm, inner ones oblanceolate, ca. 6 mm. Ray florets 17--20, red; rays oblong, 7--8 mm, apex 2-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, 5- or 6-lobed. Achenes ca. 1.2 mm, glabrous, with sessile glands. Pappus many, bristle-like, pale yellow, ca. 2.5 mm. Fl., fr. Jul.
Lateral moraine of glaciers; 5300--5400 m. Xizang (N slopes of Qomolangma Mt.) [India, Pakistan].
毛果扁毛菊 mao guo bian mao ju
Waldheimia lasiocarpa G. X. Fu in C. Shih & G. X. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 113. 1979.
Herbs perennial. Stems procumbent, much branched. Leaves sessile; leaf blade spatulate, 1.5--2 X 0.6--0.7 cm, both surfaces sparsely lanose, apex 5--7-parted or -lobed. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches, to 3 cm in diam., without pedicels. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, triangular-lanceolate to oblong, 5--7 mm, abaxially sparsely lanose. Ray florets deep pink; rays elliptic-oblong, ca. 1.3 cm, apex entire. Disk florets yellow. Achenes terete, ca. 2.5 mm, 5-ribbed, white villous, with sessile glands. Pappus many, bristle-like, deplanate, yellow-brown, longer than corolla. Fl.??, fr.??
* Stony grasslands by rivers, broken stony places on mountain slopes; 4700--5200 m. Xizang (N slopes of Qomolangma Mt.).
女蒿属 nu hao shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial or stemless, small subshrubs, or cushion plants. Leaves alternate, pinnate-divided or 3-parted or -lobed, Capitula numerous or few, densely or laxly corymbose, fascicled-corymbose or glomerate, homogenous, discoid. Involucres campanulate or cuneate; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, herbaceous or rigidly herbaceous, margin white or brown scarious. Receptacle flat to convex, epaleate. Florets hermaphroditic, tubuliform, apex 5-lobed. Anther obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes subterete, 4--7-ribbed. Pappus absent, with a +/- distinct apical rim.
Nineteen species: Central Asia, Himalayas, Mongolia; 12 species in China.
1a. Capitula fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches or stem; involucres campanulate, nitid, yellowish or stramineous, phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, margin brownish or white scarious.
2a. Perennial herb ............................................................................................... 4. H. delavayi
2b. Subshrub.
3a. Leaves spatulate or cuneate, 3-divided; phyllaries narrowly white scarious at margin 1. H. trifida
3b. Leaves ovate, elliptic, long-elliptic, or lanceolate, pinnatipartite or bipinnatisect; phyllaries brownish scarious at margin.
4a. Leaves pinnatipartite, gray-white, densely appressed pubescent abaxially, pale green and glabrescent adaxially ............................................................................................. 2. H. kaschgarica
4b. Leaves bipinnatisect, green or deep green, glabrous on
both surfaces
............................................................................................................. 3.
H. desmantha
1b. Capitula corymbose or glomerulose; involucres cuneate or cuneate-campanulate, glossless [??]; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, margin dark brown or deep brown scarious.
5a. Erect herb, stems 7--40 cm tall; leaves distinctly divided into basal and stem leaves.
6a. Leaves tripinnatisect; capitula numerous, apically largely corymbose ....... 5. H. yunnanensis
6b. Leaves bipinnatisect; capitula 4--12, apically corymbose.
7a. Plant to 30 cm tall; leaves long-elliptic or ovate, 2--4 cm, ultimate segments long-elliptic 6. H. herderi
7b. Plant to 12 cm tall; leaves ovate, ultimate segments linear.
8a. Stem leaves sessile ............................................................................. 7. H. senecioinis
8b. Stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1 cm [??] ............................................... 8. H. tomentosa
5b. Cushion plant or perennial stemless glomerate herb.
9a. Perennial stemless herb; capitula numerous or long-elliptic, pinnately divided.
10a. Leaves bipinnatisect ............................................................................... 9. H. glomerata
10b. Leaves 3--7-pinnatisect ............................................................. 10. H. syncalathiforma
9b. Cushion plant; leaves spatulate, orbicular or suborbicular, apex 3--6-divided, or biternate-palmately divided.
11a. Leaves spatulate, apex 3--6-divided ..................................................... 11. H. gossypina
11b. Leaves orbicular or flabelliform, biternate-palmately divided .................... 12. H. kennedyi
女蒿 nu hao
Artemisia trifida, Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 196. 1832; Chrysanthemum trifidum (Turczaninow) Krascheninnikov, Tanacetum trifidum (Turczaninow) de Candolle.
Subshrubs small, to 20 cm tall. Flowering stems slender, long, gray-white, appressed pubescent. Proximal leaves petiolate; leaf blade spatulate or cuneate, including cuneate-attenuate petiole 0.5--3.5 X 0.5--0.8 cm, gray-green, both surfaces appressed white pubescent, 3-parted or -lobed; lobes short-linear or oblong-linear, apex obtuse or rounded. Middle and distal leaves usually simple. Capitula 3--14, fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches, shortly pedunculate. Pedicel 2--15 mm, appressed pubescent. Involucres narrowly campanulate, 3--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 5 rows, nitid, yellowish, rigidly herbaceous, margin narrowly white scarious, outer ones ovate or elliptic, 2--2.5 mm; middle and inner ones oblong to oblanceolate, 4--4.5 mm. Florets yellow, 3--4 mm. Achenes subterete, 1.5--3 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
Stony desert steppes, stony mountain slopes; 900--1400 m. Nei Mongol [Mongolia].
贺兰山女蒿 he lan shan nu hao
Tanacetum kaschgaricum Krascheninnikov, Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS Ser. I. Fasc. 1: 175. 1933; Chrysanthemum alashanense (Y. Ling) Y. Ling; Hippolytia alashanensis (Y. Ling) C. Shih; Poljakovia alashanensis (Ling) Grubov & Filatova; P. kaschgarica (Krascheninnikov) Grubov & Filatova; T. alashanensis Y. Ling.
Subshrubs or small subshrubs, 25--50 cm tall. Old branches gray-dark or gray-brown. Branchlets of current year somewhat gray-white, densely and appressed powdery. Leaves with petioles 3--8 mm; leaf blade long-elliptic, lanceolate, or elliptic, 1.5--2 X 0.5--1 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, adaxially green, glabrescent, pinnatipartite; lateral lobes 2--5-paired, all lobes margin entire or 1- or 2-dentate on one side; leaves below inflorescence sometimes simple, entire. Capitula 3--10, fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches, pedunculate. Pedicel 0.5--1.5 cm, pubescent with appressed white powdery hairs. Involucres campanulate, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, rigidly herbaceous, nitid, yellowish or stramineous, margin brownish or white scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1.8 mm, middle and inner ones oblanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 2 mm. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct.
* Mountain slopes, fissures of rocks, grasslands, desert steppes; 1900--2300 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang.
束伞女蒿 shu san nu hao
Subshrubs small, 10--15 cm tall. Old branches gray; young branches greenish or brown-green, pubescent with appressed powdery hairs. Leaves with petioles ca. 5 mm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, obliquely elliptic, or long-flabelliform, 0.5--2 X 1--1.5 cm, both surfaces green, glabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments linear, long-elliptic, or lanceolate; leaves below inflorescence sometimes pinnatisect. Capitula 3--5, fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches, pedunculate. Pedicel slender, ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent with appressed powdery hairs. Involucres campanulate, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, rigidly herbaceous, nitid, yellow-white or stramineous, margin brownish, outer ones triangular-ovate, 1.5--2 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or oblanceolate, ca. 4 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3.2 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug.
* Meadows, rock outcrops of valleys; 3800--3900 m. Qinghai (Yushu Xian).
川滇女蒿 chuan dian nu hao
Tanacetum delavayi Franchet ex W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 345. 1915; Chrysanthemum bulbosum (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti; C. delavayi (Franchet & W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti; T. bulbosum Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial. Stems 7--25 cm tall, solitary, erect, unbranched, somewhat scapiform, densely villous. Basal leaves with petiole 2--6 cm; leaf blade elliptic or long-elliptic, 2--7.5 X 1--2.5 cm, abaxially densely or sparsely villous, adaxially glabrous or nearly so, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 4--11-paired; ultimate segments linear, triangular-lanceolate, or falcate. Stem leaves few, similar to basal leaves, small; distalmost stem leaves pinnately divided. Capitula 6--11, apically fascicled-corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, villous or pubescent. Involucres campanulate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, yellow-white, nitid, rigidly herbaceous, margin brownish or white scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 4 mm; middle and inner ones long-elliptic, elliptic-oblanceolate, or oblanceolate, 4.5--5 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm, with a +/- distinct apical rim. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct.
* Alpine meadows; 3300--4000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
云南女蒿 yun nan nu hao
Tanacetum yunnanense J. F. Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 188. 1912; Chrysanthemum yunnanense (J. F. Jeffrey) Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial. Stems 27--40 cm tall, erect, red-purple, stout, corymbosely branched in upper part, gray-white below inflorescence, densely villous, progressively sparsely villous towards lower part. Basal leaves with petioles to 13 cm; leaf blade elliptic or long-elliptic, 5--12 X 3--6 cm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrescent or glabrous, tripinnatisect; primary lateral segments 11--14-paired; ultimate segments linear; stem leaves similar to basal leaves. Capitula numerous, apically largely corymbose or compound-corymbose, inflorescence-branches densely villous. Involucres cuneate or cuneate-campanulate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin deep or dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, middle and inner ones lanceolate, oblanceolate, or long-elliptic, 3.5--4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr.??.
* Alpine meadows; 3400--4000 m. Yunnan.
新疆女蒿 xin jiang nu hao
Tanacetum herderi Regel & Schmalhausen, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 169. 1878; Hippolytia leucophylla (Regel) Poljakov; T. leucophyllum Regel.
Herbs perennial. Stems 10--30 cm tall, erect or ascending, short inflorescence-branched at apex of stem, sparsely pubescent, or glabrescent. Basal leaves and leaves on vegetative branches with petiole 3--5 cm; leaf blade long-elliptic or ovate, 2--4 X 1--1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white, pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2--4-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, shortly petiolate or petioles??. Capitula 3--10, in an apical dense or lax corymb. Involucres broadly cuneate or hemispheric, ca. 1 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic, 5--6 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Sep.
Mountain regions, meadows; elevation?? Xinjiang (Xinyuan Xian) [Kazakstan].
普兰女蒿 pu lan nu hao
Artemisia senecionis Jacquemont ex Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 9: 75. 1836; Tanacetum senecionis (Jacquemont ex Besser) J. Gay ex de Candolle.
Herbs perennial. Stem solitary, ca. 12 cm tall, gray-white, appressed pubescent especially below capitula. Basal leaves with petiole 0.8--1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, ca. 1.2 X 1 cm, both surfaces gray, densely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 3-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, few; leaves below inflorescence pinnately divided. Capitula 6, in an apical corymb ca. 2 cm in diam., pedunculate. Pedicel densely lanose. Involucres cuneate-campanulate, 5--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, abaxially lanose, middle and inner ones long lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5--5.5 mm, middle ones pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
Desert steppes; ca. 3700 m. Xizang (Pulan Xian) [India].
灰叶女蒿 hui ye nu hao
Tanacetum tomentosum de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 130. 1837.
Herbs perennial. Stems solitary or fascicled, ca. 9 cm tall, erect, gray-white, appressed pubescent especially near capitula. Basal leaves with petioles 1--1.5 mm; leaf blade ovate, ca. 1.3 X 1 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves; leaves below inflorescence pinnatisect. Capitula 4--6, in apical dense corymb, pedunculate. Pedicel very short, densely lanose or villous. Involucres campanulate, ca. 7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially villous, margin dark brown or pale brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic or long-elliptic, 3--5 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Jun, fr.??.
Deserts; ca. 4700 m. Xizang [Kashmir].
团伞女蒿 tuan san nu hao
Herbs perennial, stemless; tap root long. Leaves concentrated below glomerules, dense; leaf blade narrowly ovate, elliptic, or long-elliptic, 1--1.5 X 0.5--0.8 cm, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2--4-paired; ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, both surfaces densely villous. Capitula numerous, in a dense hemispheric glomerule ca. 2 cm in diam., at apex of crown. Involucres cuneate-campanulate, ca. 6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially villous, margin dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, 5--7 mm, middle and inner ones oblanceolate, 4--5 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
* Alpine meadows; ca. 4600 m. Xizang (Nyęmo Xian).
合头女蒿 he tou nu hao
Herbs perennial, stemless; tap-root long. Leaves numerous, concentrated below glomerule, dense, with petiole 0.7--1.7 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 0.5--1 X 0.3--0.5 cm, abaxially densely villous, adaxially sparsely villous or subglabrescent, 3--7-pinnatisect; segments linear; leaves sometimes linear and entire. Capitula numerous, in a hemispheric glomerule ca. 2 cm in diam. Involucres cuneate-campanulate, ca. 6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, herbaceous, abaxially villous, margin dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, 5--7 mm, middle and inner ones oblanceolate, 4--5 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Sep, fr.??.
* Alpine meadows; 4500--5400 m. Xizang.
棉毛女蒿 mian mao nu hao
Tanacetum gossypinum C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 154. 1876.
Cushion plants ca. 7 cm tall. Leafy shoots densely compact, with dense overlapping leaves. Leaves inconspicuously petiolate; leaf blade spatulate, 1--1.2 X 0.35--0.7 cm, white or gray-white, both surfaces densely long lanose, apex truncate or rounded, 3--6-divided. Capitula 10, in a dense corymb ca. 2.5 cm in diam. at apices of branches. Involucres cuneate, ca. 6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, outer ones linear, ca. 7 mm, abaxially densely long lanose, middle and inner ones oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially lanose above middle part or at upper part in inner ones. Florets yellow, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr.??.
Deserts, alpine gravel heaps, exposed rocks at mountain summits; 4500--5400 m. Xizang (Yadong Xian) [India, Nepal].
垫状女蒿 dian zhuang nu hao
Tanacetum kennedyi Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 117. 1922; Chrysanthemum kennedyi (Dunn) Kitamura.
Cushion plants dense, 2--4 cm tall, with long thick roots. Stems much branched; branches with dense thick residuals of leaves. Leaves with petiole 0.5--1.2 cm; leaf blade orbicular or flabelliform, 2--4 X 3--6 mm, biternately palmate- or bipinnatisect, both surfaces densely dirty-yellow, gray-white villous, or lanose. Capitula numerous, in an apical large hemispheric glomerule ca. 10 cm in diam.; very shortly pedunculate. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, densely villous. Involucres cuneate, ca. 7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially villous, especially in outer and middle ones, margin deep brown- or dark brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, middle ones long-elliptic, ca. 3.5 mm, inner ones oblanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Florets yellow, ca. 3.5 mm. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Gravelly places of alpine deserts; 4700--5200 m. Xizang [India].
Whole plant used medicinally for treating laryngitis.
百花蒿属 bai hua hao shu
Elachanthemum Y. Ling & Y. R. Ling.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual. Leaves opposite or alternate, pinnatisect, few lobed or entire. Capitula hemispheric or globose, homogenous, discoid, laxly corymbose or solitary at apices of branches. Involucres hemispheric or cupular-hemispheric; phyllaries in 3--5 rows, herbaceous, margin broadly scarious. Receptacle convex-subconical, epaleate. Florets tubuliform, hermaphroditic, 5-lobed, with distinct tube and +/- crateriform limb. Anther obtuse at base, with apical acuminate-triangular appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes obliquely obovoid to narrowly obovoid-oblanceolate, densely glandular, striate. Pappus absent.
Two species: central Asia; both in China.
1a. Capitula 8--20 cm in diam., nodding or declinate; lateral segments of leaves concentrated at base or proximal part of leaves .................................................................................................. 1. S. centiflora
1b. Capitula 5--6 mm in diam.; lateral segments of leaves not concentrated at base or proximal part of leaves 2. S. intricata
百花蒿 bei hua hao
Artemisia centiflora Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 26: 493. 1880; A. centiflora var. pilifera Ling??; Stilpnolepis centiflora var. pilifera (Ling) H. C. Fu??.
Herbs annual, with robust fusiform tap roots. Stems erect, ca. 40 cm tall, striate, T-shaped pubescent, corymbose branched in upper part. Leaves sessile, somewhat carouse[??]; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or linear, 3.5--10 X 0.2--0.4 cm, pinnatisect, both surfaces sparsely T-shaped pubescent; lateral segments 2- or 3-paired, concentrated [crowded??] at base or proximal parts of leaves, short-linear, stipule form [??]; terminal segments narrowly linear, long. Capitula nodding or declinate, 0.8--2 cm in diam., laxly corymbose, pedunculate. Pedicel 1.5--3 cm. Involucres cupular-hemispheric; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, margin broadly scarious, outer ones broadly ovate, ca. 7 mm, middle and inner ones ovate or broadly obovate, ca. as long as outer ones or somewhat shorter. Florets numerous, hermaphroditic, fertile, yellow, 5-lobed, with distinct tube and crateriform limb. Achenes narrowly obovoid-triangular, 5--6 mm, densely glandular, inconspicuously striate. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Sep--Oct.
Dunes; 1100--1300 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol; Ningxia, Shaanxi [Mongolia].
紊蒿 wen hao
Artemisia intricata Franchet, Pl. David. 1: 170. 1884; Elachanthemum intricatum (Franchet) Y. Ling & Y. R. Ling.
Herbs annual, with robust tap roots. Stems much branched from base, reddish or yellow-brown, sparsely pubescent. Basal, proximal, and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade elliptic or broadly ovate, 1--3 X 0.5--1.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, pinnatisect; lateral segments 3-paired, linear; terminal segments linear; distal leaves 3--5-divided or entire. Capitula hemispheric or subglobose, 5--6 mm in diam. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3--5 rows, ovate or broadly ovate, equal or outer ones somewhat short, abaxially sparsely pilose, with green midvein, margin hyaline scarious. Florets numerous, hermaphroditic, yellow, 5-lobed, with a distinct tube and crateriform limb. Achenes obliquely obovoid, 10--20-striate. Fl., fr. Sep--Oct.
Deserts, steppes; 1300--1400 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
小甘菊属xiao gan ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs small or perennial herbs, compact, tomentose. Leaves alternate to rosulate, dense or lax. Capitulum solitary or several and corymbose, homogenous, discoid. Involucres hemispheric or coryliform; phyllaries herbaceous, in 3 or 4 rows, margin brown, dark brown, or hyaline scarious. Receptacle convex or flat, epaleate. Florets hermaphroditic, yellow, tubuliform, fertile, 5-lobed, with a narrow tube and a distinct limb. Anther obtuse at base, with apical ovate-lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear. Achenes trigonously terete, faintly 5- or 6-ribbed, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Pappus represented by 5--12 lanceolate scales ca. as long as or slightly longer than corolla.
About 30 species: Central Asia, Russia, Mongolia; 5 species in China.
1a. Small subshrub; capitula
2--5, corymbose at apices of branches
1.
C. maximowiczii
1b. Perennial compact tomentose herb; capitula solitary at apex, but a few, several, or many capitula per plant.
2a. Phyllaries with hyaline scarious margins.
3a. Achenes glabrous; receptacle conspicuously conical-globose ...................... 2. C. discoidea
3b. Achenes sparsely pilose; receptacle flat or slightly convex ......................... 3. C. lasiocarpa
2b. Phyllaries with brown scarious margins.
4a. Achenes glabrous or apically +/- pilose [sparsely??] ........................... 4. C. chrysocephala
4b. Achenes sparsely pilose [any other difference with # 4??] ...................... 5. C. tianschanica
灌木小甘菊 guan mu xiao gan ju
Cancrinia paucicephala Y. Ling, Chrysanthemum falcatolobatum Krascheninnikov; Poljakovia falcatolobata (Krascheninnikov) Grubov & Filatova; Tanacetum falcatolobatum Krascheninnikov.
Subshrubs (30--)40--50 cm tall. Branchlets ribbed, white tomentose, brown glandular punctate. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblong-linear, 1.5--3 X 0.5--1.2 cm, abaxially gray-white tomentose, adaxially sparsely tomentose or glabrescent, both surfaces brown glandular punctate, pinnatipartite; lateral lobes 2--5-paired, falciform, margin entire or 1- or 2-denticulate. Distalmost leaves linear, entire or denticulate. Capitula 2--5, corymbose at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate or broadly campanulate, 5--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, outer ones ovate-triangular or oblong-ovate, abaxially sparsely pilose, brown glandular punctate, margin narrowly pale brown scarious, inner ones oblong-obovate, margin hyaline scarious. Florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 2 mm, 5-ribbed, glandular punctate. Pappus represented by 5 lanceolate scales. Fl., fr. Jul--Oct.
* Gravelly mountain slopes, alluvial fans by river banks; 2100--3600 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan??.
小甘菊 xiao gan ju
Pyrethrum discoideum Ledebour, Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. t. 153. 180??; Cancrinia brachypappus C. Winkler; Chrysanthemum ledebourianum Y. Ling; Matricaria ledebourii (Schultz-Bipontinus) Schischkin; Tanacetum ledebourii Schultz-Bipontinus.
Herbs perennial or biannual, with slender tap root. Stems 5--20 cm tall, erect or ascending, branched from base, conspicuously lanose, leafless. Leaves basal, petiolate; leaf blade oblong or ovate, 2--4 X 0.5--1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-green, white-lanose or subglabrescent, bipinnatiparted; primary lateral lobes 2--5-paired; ultimate lobes ovate or broadly linear. Capitulum solitary at apex, but with several capitula per plant, pedunculate. Pedicel 4--15 cm. Involucres coryliform, 7--12 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, herbaceous, abaxially sparsely lanose to glabrescent, margin hyaline scarious, outer ones linear-lanceolate, 3--4 mm, inner ones longer, linear-oblong. Receptacle conspicuously convex, conical-globose. Florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 2 mm, glabrous, 5-ribbed. Pappus of 5 broadly elliptic scales. Fl., fr. Apr--Sep.
Mountain slopes, deserts, Gobi Desert; 500--1000 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Xizang (Flora URSS 26: 313. 1961) [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia].
毛果小甘菊 mao guo xiao gan ju
Herbs perennial, with slender woody tap root. Stems 7--15 cm tall, erect or ascending, branched from base, white lanate. Leaves with petiole lanate, base ampliate[??]; leaf blade lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 7--15 X 5--8 mm, pinnatisect, both surfaces gray-green, white lanate. Capitulum solitary at apex, but with several capitula per plant, pedunculate. Pedicel 4--8 cm. Involucres coryliform, 8--12 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, herbaceous, outer ones linear-lanceolate, nearly without scarious margin, apex acute, inner ones linear-oblong, margin hyaline broad scarious. Florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 2 mm, sparsely villous, 5-ribbed. Pappus represented by 5 scales, 3 of aristate mucronate. Fl., fr. Jun--Sep.
Mountain slopes; 1500--2000 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Xizang [Mongolia].
黄头小甘菊 huang tou xiao gan ju
Herbs perennial, with slender tap root. Stems scapiform, lanose. Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole longer than leaf blade; leaf blade oblong or ovate, 2--3 X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely lanate, bipinnatipartite, primary lateral lobes 3- or 4-paired, linear-oblong to obovate; ultimate lobes obtuse or slightly acute at apex. Capitulum solitary at apex, but with several capitula per plant, long pedunculate. Pedicel 2--8 cm. Involucres coryliform, 1--1.7 cm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, abaxially densely lanate, margin broadly brown or deep brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, inner ones longer, oblong-linear. Florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes 1.5--2.2 mm, 5- or 6-ribed, glabrous, rarely sparsely pilose at apex. Pappus represented by 8--12 lanceolate brownish scales. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Rocky places on mountain slopes, meadows, gravelly places, flood lands; 3300--3800 m. Xinjiang (Tianshan Mts.) [Kazakstan].
天山小甘菊 tian shan xiao gan ju
Cancrinia chrysocephala Karelin & Kirilow subsp. tianschanica Krascheninnikov, Not. Syst. Herb. Bot. Petrop. 3: 81. 1922.
Herbs perennial. Stems to 10 cm tall, leafless or subleafless, scapiform, sparsely scarcely lanate. Basal leaves numerous, petiolate; leaf blade oblong or ovate, 2--3 X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces densely lanate, bipinnatiparted; primary lateral lobes 3- or 4-paired; ultimate lobes obtuse or slightly acute at apex. Stem leaves very reduced, margin entire. Capitulum solitary at apex, but with many capitula per plant, long pedunculate. Involucres coryliform, 4--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, herbaceous, margin narrowly nitid-brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, inner ones longer, oblong-linear. Florets yellow, 5-lobed. Achenes 1.5--2.2 mm, 5- or 6-ribbed, sparsely pilose. Pappus of 8--12 linear or elliptic-linear scales. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
Rocky places on mountain slopes, meadows, gravelly places, flood lands; ca. 3200 m. Xinjiang (Tianshan Mts.) [Kazakstan (C Tianshan Mts.)].
亚菊属 ya ju shu
Phaeostigma Muld.
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs perennial or small subshrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnately or palmate-pinnately divided, serrate, or rarely entire. Capitula heterogamous, disciform, corymbose or rarely solitary. Involucres campanulate or cylindric; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, herbaceous, margin white- or brown scarious. Receptacle convex to conical, epaleate. Florets yellow, rarely purple; outer florets female, in 1 row, narrowly tubuliform, rarely tubuliform, apex 2- or 3-, rarely 4- or 5-denticulate; middle ones tubuliform, hermaphroditic, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendage. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes obovoid, 4--6-ribbed [4- or 5-striate in key??]. Pappus absent.
Thirty-four species: temperate Asia; 32 species in China.
1a. Involucres stramineous, nitid, 2--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries with white scarious margins.
2a. Capitula 5--10, regularly fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches; involucres cylindric; phyllaries rigidly herbaceous, apex acute ............................................................................... 22. A. pariflora
2b. Capitula numerous, corymbosely or compound-corymbose at apices of stem and branches; involucres campanulate; phyllaries herbaceous, apex obtuse or rounded.
3a. Herb perennial.
4a. Capitula relatively large; involucres 6--7 mm in diam.; outer phyllaries long-elliptic, apex with rounded waxy appendage .................................................................................. 31. A. pallasiana
4b. Capitula relatively small; involucres 2.5--4 mm in diam.; outer phyllaries ovate or lanceolate, apex without rounded waxy appendage ......................................................... 32. A. fastigiata
3b. Small shrub or small subshrub.
5a. Leaves green or pale green, glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces ..... 30. A. nematoloba
5b. Leaves gray-white, appressed pubescent on both surfaces or only abaxially.
6a. Leaves rough serrate, occasionally lobed ..................................... 24. A. amphiseriacea
6b. Leaves pinnatisect, pinnatipartite, bipinnatisect or palmate-pinnately 3--5-divided.
7a. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatipartite.
8a. Leaves pinnatisect, gray-white, densely pubescent on
both surfaces [??]
........................................................................................................ 25.
A. truncata
8b. Leaves pinnatipartite, not concolorous on both surfaces, green and glabrous adaxially, gray-white and densely pubescent abaxially .................................................... 26. A. hypoleuca
7b. Leaves bipinnatisect, palmate-pinnately 3--5-divided or bipalmatisect.
9a. Leaves bipinnatisect .................................................................... 27. A. achilleoides
9b. Leaves bipalmatisect or palmate-pinnately 3--5-divided.
10a. Leaves with divided pseudostipules .................................................... 28. A. nitida
10b. Leaves with entire pseudostipules ............................................... 29. A. fruticulosa
1b. Involucres not stramineous, glossless, 4--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries with deep brown-, dark brown-, dark purple, or brown scarious margins.
11a. Leaves entire, serrate, incised-serrate, tripartite, trisect, pinnatisect, or pinnatipartite.
12a. Leaves entire, serrate, or incised-serrate.
13a. Leaves linear, entire ................................................................................ 1. A. salicifolia
13b. Leaves shape??, serrate or incised-serrate.
14a. Subshrubs; leaves without pseudostipules, densely and thickly tomentose abaxially 2. A. quercifolia
14b. Perennial herbs; leaves with divided pseudostipules, densely pubescent abaxially 3. A. latifolia
12b. Leaves pinnatisect, pinnatipartite, tripartite, or trisect.
15a. Leaves tripartite or trisect ........................................................................ 6. A. alabasica
15b. Leaves pinnatisect or pinnatipartite.
16a. Lateral lobes of leaves 1- or 2-paired; lobes linear ................................. 4. A. variifolia
16b. Lateral lobes of leaves 3- or 4-paired; lobes long-elliptic, lanceolate, falcate, or oblique-triangular 5. A. ramosa
11b. Leaves bipinnatisect, bipalmatisect, palmate-pinnately 3--7-divided, tripinnatisect or tripinnate, pinnately divided.
17a. Small subshrub; with thick woody root.
18a. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches, relatively larger; involucres 7--10 mm in diam. 10. A. scharnhorstii
18b. Capitula corymbose, size, size of involucres??.
19a. Phyllaries with dark purple scarious margins; all florets above middle purple-red 8. A. purpurea
19b. Phyllaries with deep brown scarious margins; all florets yellow.
20a. Leaf blade elliptic or obliquely elliptic, 1--2 cm, densely tomentose on both surfaces; capitula 4--6 mm in diam. ........................................................................................... 7. A. tibetica
20b. Leaf blade suborbicular, 0.3--0.5 cm, densely pubescent; capitula 5--7 mm in diam. 9. A. trilobata
17b. Erect or diffuse perennial herb; with slender fibrous roots.
21a. Leaves tripinnatisect, subtripinnatisect, or palmate, tripinnately divided.
22a. Whole plant densely and thickly tomentose; phyllaries inconspicuous ........ 19. A. sericea
22b. Whole plant pubescent or densely so; phyllaries conspicuous.
23a. Leaves 3--3.5 X 2--3 cm, not concolorous on both surfaces, green or pale green, glabrous or nearly so adaxially, gray-white, densely pubescent abaxially ................. 20. A. tripinnatisecta
23b. Leaves ca. 1 X 1 cm, concolorous on both surfaces, gray-white, densely pubescent on both surfaces ......................................................................................................... 21. A. nubigena
21b. Leaves bipinnatisect, bipalmatisect, or subpalmately 3--5-divided.
24a. Bipalmatisect or palmately 3--5-divided.
25a. Leaves not concolorous on both surfaces, green, subglabrous adaxially, gray-white or white, densely pubescent abaxially; capitula relatively small; involucres 4--5 [5--6??] mm in diam. 17. A. breviloba
25b. Leaves concolorous on both surfaces, densely pubescent on both surfaces; capitula relatively large; involucres 6--10 mm in diam. .......................................................... 18. A. khartensis
24b. Leaves bipinnatisect.
26a. Phyllary-margin +/- distinctly divided into outer and
inner margins, outer ones deep brown- or brown [hyaline ??] scarious, inner
ones hyaline [brown ??] scarious
......................................................................................................... 16.
A. tenuifolia
26b. Phyllaries with brown or dark brown scarious margins.
27a. Primary lateral segments pinnatilobed, pinnatifid, or pinnatipartite.
28a. Primary lateral segments of leaves 1- or 2-paired, if 2-paired, ca. 1 cm at intervals; ultimate lobes long-elliptic or falcate ............................................................... 14. A. remotipinna
28b. Primary lateral segments of leaves 2--4-paired, ca. 5 mm at intervals; ultimate lobes elliptic, lanceolate, or obliquely triangular ................................................ 15. A. myriantha
27b. Primary lateral segments or leaves pinnatisect.
29a. Leaves concolorous on both surfaces, gray-white, densely villous or pubescent on both surfaces; capitula relatively large; involucres 5--6 mm in diam.; corolla of outer female florets with truncate apex, without teeth .................................................................. 11. A. brachyantha
29b. Leaves not concolorous on both surfaces, green, subglabrous adaxially, gray-white, densely pubescent abaxially; capitula relatively small; involucres 2.5--5 mm in diam.; corolla of outer female florets with teeth at apex.
30a. Ultimate segments of leaves linear-lanceolate or long-elliptic; involucres ca. 2.5 mm in diam. ............................................................................................... 12. A. przewalskii
30b. Ultimate segments of leaves linear or narrowly linear; involucres 4--5 mm in diam. 13. A. adenantha
柳叶亚菊 liu ye ya ju
Tanacetum salicifolium Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 13: 207. 1932; Chrysanthemum linearifolium C. C. Chang; C. salicifolium (Mattfeld) Handel-Mazzetti; Phaeostigma salicifolium (Mattfeld) Muld.
Subshrubs 30--60 cm tall. Flowering branches purple-red, sericeous, especially in upper part and on inflorescence-branches. Proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade linear, narrowly linear, or lanceolate, 5--10 X 0.3--1 cm, abaxially white, densely and thickly sericeous, adaxially green, glabrous, margin entire. Distal stem leaves progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, densely corymbose at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 4--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broadly brown scarious, outer ones ovate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially sparsely sericeous, middle and inner ones ovate or ovate-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 3--4 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 3-denticulate, middle hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3.5 mm. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jun--Sep.
* Mountain slopes; 2600--4600 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
栎叶亚菊 li ye ya ju
Tanacetum quercifolium W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 119. 1913; Chrysanthemum quercifolium (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti; Phaeostigma quercifolium (W. W. Smith) Muld.
Subshrubs 60--150 cm tall. Old branches gray-black; flowering branches robust, white, powdery-sericeous especially in upper part and on pedicels. Middle leaves of flowering branches shortly petiolate; leaf blade long-elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, rarely linear, 5--8 X 2--4 cm, rigid, abaxially white or gray-white, densely and thickly sericeous [tomentose??], adaxially green, glabrous, margin coarsely dentate, incised-lobed, or -fid, teeth or lobes 3- or 4-paired, obliquely triangulate or lanceolate, sometimes middle and distal leaves of flowering branches linear-lanceolate or broadly linear, to 10 cm, margin entire. Distal leaves progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, in dense corymb 4--9 cm in diam., at apices of branches. Pedicel robust. Involucres campanulate, 5--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin yellow-brown scarious, outer ones ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, sparsely sericeous abaxially, middle and inner ones long-elliptic to lanceolate, 3--4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands; outer female florets 11, lancerly [??] tubular, apex minutely 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, apex 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct.
* Forest understories, thickets; 3200--3900 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
宽叶亚菊 kuan ye ya ju
Herbs perennial, 20--35 cm tall, with procumbent rhizomes producing many flowering and sterile stems, or with shortened rhizomes producing many fascicled stems. Stems erect, shortly corymbosely branched on upper part, pubescent, especially on inflorescence-branches and pedicels, densely leafy throughout. Proximal leaves withered by anthesis. Middle and distal leaves sessile or with inconspicuous petiole, [with divided pseudo-stipules??]; leaf blade broadly oblanceolate, long-obovate, or long-elliptic, 3--4.5 X 1--2 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely and thickly appressed pubescent, adaxially green, glabrous, base cuneate, pinnatifid above middle; lobes 2- or 3-paired, lanceolate or obliquely triangular. Capitula numerous, in a compound corymb 3--5 cm in diam., at apices of branches and stem. Involucres campanulate, 5--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin broadly yellow-brown scarious, outer ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2--2.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones ovate-lanceolate to long-ovate, middle ones sparsely pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 2.5 mm; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3 mm, apex 5-lobed. Fl., fr. Oct.
* Mountain slopes; ca. 3100 m. Sichuan.
异叶亚菊 yi ye ya ju
Chrysanthemum variifolium C. C. Chang, Sinensia 5: 161. 1934; Ajania manchurica Poljakov; [add FRPS synonym: Phaeostigma variifolium (C. C. Chang) Muld.??].
Subshrubs ca. 30 cm tall, with dense leaves at apices of old branches. Flowering branches sparsely sericeous or subglabrous. Middle leaves of flowering branches with petiole 1--2 cm; leaf blade ovate, 2--3 X 1.5--2.5 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely sericeous, adaxially green, glabrous, 3--5-pinnatisect; segments linear or narrowly linear. Proximal and distal leaves small, 3-sect. Capitula numerous, compound-corymbose, at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin yellow-brown scarious, outer ones ovate or long-ovate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially sparsely sericeous at base, apex acute, middle and inner ones long-obovate or long-elliptic, 3--4 mm, apex rotund. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Rocky slopes; 1200--3500 m. Heilongjiang, Hubei, Shaanxi [Korea, Russia].
Whole plant used medicinally for relieving spasms.
分枝亚菊 fen zhi ya ju
Chrysanthemum variifolium C. C. Chang var. ramosum C. C. Chang, Sinensia 5: 163. 1934; [add FRPS synonym: Phaeostigma variifolium var. ramosum (C. C. Chang) Muld.??].
Shrubs 80--150 cm tall. Old branches brownish; flowering branches of current year sericeous, especially in upper part and on inflorescence-branches. Middle leaves of flowering branches petiolate; leaf blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or long-ovate, 4--5 X 2--2.5 cm, abaxially white or gray-white, densely and thickly sericeous, adaxially green, glabrous, pinnatipartite; lobes 3- or 4-paired, long-elliptic, lanceolate, or falcate. Proximal and distal leaves progressively smaller. Capitula compound-corymbose at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 5--6 mm, or triangular-ovate, 1.5--2 mm, abaxially sparsely sericeous, margin yellow-brown scarious, apex rounded; middle and inner ones ovate-oblong or oblanceolate, 4--4.5 mm. Florets numerous, yellow, tubular, ca. 3 mm, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 7, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic Achenes ca. 1.3 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 18@.
* Mountain slopes, river valleys; 2900--4600 m. Hubei??, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang.
内蒙亚 žŐ nei meng ya ju
Subshrubs 15--30 cm tall. Old branches brown or gray-brown, with many short sterile branches and long flowering branches. Sterile and flowering branches densely sericeous, glabrescent. Proximal and middle leaves with petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade spatulate or flabelliform, 0.5--1.5 X 0.2--1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely sericeous, tripartite or trisect, sometimes bipalmate pinnatisect; primary lateral lobes 1-paired; all lobes linear, oblong-linear, lanceolate, or long-ovate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse. Distal leaves tripartite or entire. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 5--7 in diam.; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, margin broadly brown scarious, outer ones rhomboid-ovate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially densely or sparsely sericeous, middle and inner ones broadly elliptic, 4--5 mm, middle ones densely or sparsely sericeous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 5, narrowly tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Aug.
* Rocky slopes; elevation?? Nei Mongol (Etuokeqi).
西藏亚菊 xi zang ya ju
Tanacetum tibeticum J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 154. 1876; Chrysanthemum tibeticum (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke) Hoffman; C. tibeticum (J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex C. B. Clarke) S. Y. Hu [which one??].
Subshrubs 4--20 cm tall. Old branches dark brown, Young branches short or slightly long, densely sericeous. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade elliptic or oblanceolate, 1--2 X 0.7--1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely tomentose, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic; leaves below inflorescence pinnate-divided. Capitula in a terminal corymb 1--2 cm in diam., at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 4--6 mm; phyllaries in 4 rows, apex obtuse, outer ones triangular-ovate or lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely sericeous, middle and inner ones elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 4--5 mm, middle ones sparsely sericeous, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets narrowly tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex 2--4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 2.2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 18.
Mountain slopes; 3900--4700 m. Sichuan, Xizang [India, Kazakstan].
紫花亚菊 zi hua ya ju
Subshrubs 4--25 cm tall. Old branches pale brown; young branches densely tomentose. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade elliptic or obliquely elliptic, 1--2 X 0.8--1.5 cm, palmately 3--5-fid or lobed, or palmate-pinnately 3--5-fid or-lobed; lobes elliptic or long-elliptic, both surfaces gray-white, densely and thickly tomentose. Capitula 5--10, in terminal corymb or compound corymbs, 1.5--2 cm in diam., at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially tomentose, especially in outer and middle ones, margin dark purple scarious, outer ones long-ovate or elliptic-ovate, ca. 3.5 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic to lanceolate, ca. 5 mm. Florets above middle purple; outer female florets 6, narrowly subulate, ca. 2 mm, apex 3- or 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 2.5 mm. Pappus absent. Fl.??, fr.??
* Alpine meadows, thickets, gravel mounds; 4800--5300 m. Xizang.
矮亚菊 ai ya ju
Subshrubs 5--15 cm tall; roots woody, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Flowering and sterile branches gray-white, densely pubescent. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade suborbicular or flabelliform, 3--5 X 4--5 mm, both surfaces gray-white, densely pubescent, bipalmatisect; primary lateral segments 3--6; ultimate segments ovate or elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded. Capitula (1--)3--8(--10), apically corymbose, 5--7 mm in diam. Involucres campanulate, (4.5--)5--7(--8) mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin brown scarious, outer ones ovate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, inner ones broadly elliptic to lanceolate, 2--4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow; outer female florets 5, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic numerous, tubular, 2.2--3 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
* Fissures of rocks by rivers; ca. 3200 m. Xinjiang (C Tianshan Mts.).
单头亚菊 dan tou ya ju
Tanacetum scharnhorstii Regel & Schmalhausen, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 620. 1878; Chrysanthemum scharnhorstii (Regel & Schmalhausen) B. Fedtschenko; Hippolytia scharnhorstii (Regel & Schmalhausen) Poljakov.
Subshrubs 4--10 cm tall; roots woody, ca. 2 cm in diam. Flowering and sterile branches gray-white, densely and thickly pubescent. Petiole 1--2 mm; leaf blade suborbicular or flabelliform, 3--5 X 5--6 mm, both surfaces gray-white, densely pubescent, bipalmatisect; primary lateral segments 3--7; ultimate segments ovate or elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded. Capitulum solitary, at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 7--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown scarious, outer ones ovate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones broadly elliptic to oblanceolate, 3--5 mm, middle ones sparsely pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets 5, narrowly tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex 3- or 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic numerous, tubular, ca. 3.5 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Aug.
* Fissures of rocks on mountain slopes, calcareous talus slopes, thickets; 3900--5100 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang (C Tianshan Mts.), ??Xizang.
短冠亚菊 duan guan ya u
Herbs(?) 30--40 cm tall, much branched above middle. Proximal branches long, recurved; upper branches upturned; stem and branches gray-white, pubescent, especially in upper part. Basal and proximal leaves white-red at anthesis. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade broadly obovate-elliptic or elliptic, 1.5--2 X ca. 1 cm; both surfaces gray-white, densely appressed pubescent or villous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic, oblanceolate, or falcate, apex acute. Distal leaves and leaves below inflorescence small, pinnate-divided or palmate-divided. Capitula numerous, in a terminal compound corymb. Involucres broadly campanulate, 5--6 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, margin broadly dark brown scarious, outer ones long-elliptic, ca. 2 mm, abaxially sparsely villous, middle and inner ones elliptic or oblanceolate, ca. 4 mm, middle ones sparsely villous abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 1.2 mm, apex truncate or obliquely truncate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
* Mountain slopes; 3500--3600 m. Xizang (Nyęmo Xian).
Insert Chinese and Pin Yin
Herbs perennial, 35--80 cm tall; rhizomes short, procumbent, with brown ovate cataphylls. Stems erect, red-purple, shortly branched at apex of stem, pubescent, especially in upper part. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate, 2--5 X 1.5--4 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely pubescent, adaxially green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2--4-paired, dense, 3--5 mm at interval; ultimate segments linear-lanceolate or long-elliptic. Leaves below inflorescence small. Capitula numerous, in a large terminal compound corymb. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown scarious, outer ones ovate or lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially puberulent, middle and inner ones elliptic to oblanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 4--7, narrowly tubular, apex 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 0.8 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 36@.
* Grasslands, forest edges, on rocks; 2800--4500 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan.
丽江亚菊 li jiang ya ju
Tanacetum adenanthum Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 187. 1912; Chrysanthemum adenanthum (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, 20--30 cm tall; rhizomes short, with brown ovate or ovate-lanceolate cataphylls. Stems erect, long branched, pubescent, especially in upper part and on pedicels. Middle stem leaves with petiole 3--5 mm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, or broadly cuneate, 1.5--2 X 0.5--2 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, adaxially pale green, sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments linear or narrowly linear; proximal and distal leaves 3--5-pinnatisect. Capitula numerous, terminally corymbose at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 or 5 rows, margin brown scarious, apex rounded or obtuse, outer ones ovate-lanceolate or ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3--3.5 mm, middle ones pubescent abaxially. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 7, narrowly tubular, apex acutely 3- or 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Fl.??, fr.??
* Mountain slopes; elevation?? Hebei??, Yunnan (Lijiang).
疏齿亚菊 shu chi ya ju
Chrysanthemum remotipinnum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 265. 1938.
Herbs perennial, 30--70 cm tall. Stems erect, much branched, densely or sparsely pubescent. Middle stem leaves with petiole 1--2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 3.5--5 X 2--3.5(--4) cm, abaxially gray-white, densely and thickly appressed villous, adaxially green, sparsely appressed pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired, remote, ca. 1 cm at intervals; ultimate segments long-elliptic or falcate. Proximal and distal stem leaves gradually smaller. Capitula small, numerous, in a terminal rather large compound corymb 3--5 cm in diam. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--3.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin yellow- or deep-brown scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones triangular-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic, ca. 4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 8, narrowly tubular, ca. 1.8 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 2.5 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct.
* Mountain slopes; 200--3800 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi??, Sichuan, Xizang.
多花亚菊 duo hua ya ju
Tanacetum myrianthum Bureau & Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 8(3): 144. 1891; Chrysanthemum mairei (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti; C. myrianthum (Franchet) Y. Ling; C. myrianthum (Franchet) Y. Ling var. sericocephalum Handel-Mazzetti; C. oresbium (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti; Tanacetum mairei H. Léveillé; T. oresbium W. W. Smith; [add FRPS synonym - C. myrianthum var. wardii (Marquand & Shaw) Handel-Mazzetti??; T. myrianthum var. wardii Marquand & Shaw??].
Herbs perennial, 25--100 cm tall. Stems erect; branches pubescent, especially in upper part and on inflorescence-branches. Middle stem leaves with petiole 0.3--1 cm; leaf blade ovate or oblong, 1.5--3 X 1--2.5 cm, abaxially white or gray-white, densely and thickly appressed pubescent, adaxially green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2--4-paired, ca. 5 mm at intervals; ultimate segments elliptic, lanceolate, or obliquely triangular. Distal stem leaves gradually smaller; leaves below inflorescence pinnatisect. Capitula numerous, in a terminal corymb 3--5 cm in diam.; rarely a large compound corymb ca. 25 cm in diam. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin brown scarious, apex rounded or obtuse, outer ones ovate, ca. 1 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, middle and inner ones elliptic or lanceolate, 2--2.5 mm, middle ones glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 3--6, narrowly tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, apex (2--)4- or 5-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 2 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Oct.
* Mountain slopes, river valleys; 2250--3600 m. Gansu, Hubei, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
细裂亚菊 xi lie ya ju
Tanacetum tenuifolium Jacquemont ex de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 129. 1837; Chrysanthemum stenolobum Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, 9--20 cm tall; rhizomes short, with many procumbent and erect stems. Procumbent stems with many brown ovate cataphylls. Erect stems branched from base, pubescent, especially in upper part and on pedicels. Middle stem leaves with petiole 0.4--0.8 cm; leaf blade suborbicular, triangular-ovate, or flabelliform, 1--2 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces concolorous or nearly so [??], abaxially white or gray-white, densely appressed villous, adaxially pale green, sparsely villous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic or oblanceolate. Proximal and distal stem leaves gradually smaller. Capitula few, in a terminal corymb 2--3 cm in diam., at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, ca. 4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, apex obtuse, margin scarious, distinctly divided into outer and inner ones, outer ones hyaline, inner ones brown [vice versa??, see key??], outer ones lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner elliptic to oblanceolate, 3--4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 7--11, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, 3--4-mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct. 2n = 36@.
* Grasslands on mountain slopes; 2200--4600 m. Gansu, Jiangsu??, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, ??Yunnan.
短裂亚菊 duan lie ya ju
Tanacetum pallasianum (Fischer) Trautvetter & Meyer var. brevilobum Franchet ex Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 26. 1912, nom. nud.??; Chrysanthemum brevilobum (Franchet ex Diels) Handel-Mazzetti; C. pallasianum (Fischer) Komarov var. brevilobum (Franchet ex Diels) Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, 8--50 cm tall; rhizomes short, with brown triangular-ovate cataphylls. Stems erect, usually not branched, sometimes branched from base, purple-red, pubescent, especially in upper part and below inflorescence. Middle stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1 cm; leaf blade ovate, suborbicular, or flabelliform, 1.5--3 X 1.5--2 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely and thickly appressed pubescent, adaxially green or pale green, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, bipinnatisect or irregularly 3--5-bipalmate -pinnatisect; primary lateral segments 3- or 4-paired; ultimate segments elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic; proximal and distal stem leaves trisect, 5-palmatisect or biternatisect. Capitula numerous or few, in a corymb or compound corymb 2--7 cm in diam., at apex of stem. Involucres campanulate, 5--6 [4--5??] mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin brown scarious, outer ones lanceolate-elliptic, ca. 4 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic to long-obovate, 3--5 mm. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 4, narrowly tubular, ca. 2.8 mm, apex minutely 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Sep--Oct.
* Open places in forests, gravelly places on mountain slopes; ca. 4100 m. Hubei??, Jilin??, Shaanxi??, Yunnan.
铺散亚菊 pu san ya ju
Tanacetum khartense Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922: 150. 1922; Chrysanthemum mutellinum (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti; T. mutellinum Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, diffuse, 10--20 cm tall. Flowering and sterile stems many, densely or sparsely villous or pubescent. Middle stem leaves with petiole ca. 0.5 mm; leaf blade orbicular, suborbicular, flabelliform, or broadly cuneate, 0.8--1.5 X 1--1.8 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely or thickly appressed pubescent, bipalmatisect or 3--5-palmatisect; primary lateral segments 1(or 2)-paired; ultimate segments elliptic. Proximal stem leaves and leaves below inflorescence trisect. Capitula rather large, few (3--5) or numerous (to 15), in a terminal corymb 2--4 cm in diam., at apex of stem, rarely solitary at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, 6--10 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially densely or sparsely pubescent, margin dark brown or gray brown scarious, apex obtuse or slightly rounded, outer ones lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3--4 mm, middle and inner ones broadly lanceolate, long-elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4--5 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 6--8, narrowly tubular, 3- or 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 1.2 mm. Fl., fr. Jul--Sep.
Mountain slopes; 2500--5300 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [N India].
密绒亚菊 mi rong ya ju
Herbs perennial, ca. 35 cm tall, densely and thickly sericeous-tomentose; rhizomes short, with flowering stem and 1 or 2 sterile stems. Flowering stem erect. Middle stem leaves with petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade suborbicular or flabelliform, ca. 0.8 X 1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely and thickly tomentose, tripinnatisect or subtripalmate-pinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments lanceolate or long-elliptic. Proximal and distal stem leaves small. Capitula few or moderate in number, in a terminal corymb 2--4 cm in diam., at apex of stem. Involucres campanulate, 3--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, [inconspicuous??], margin pale brown scarious, outer ones linear or lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially densely and thickly tomentose; middle and inner ones oblanceolate or long-elliptic, ca. 3 mm, middle ones densely and thickly tomentose abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets, tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, apex 4- or 5-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 2 mm. Fl. May, fr.??.
* habitat??; elevation?? Yunnan (Eryuan Xian).
多裂亚菊 duo lie ya ju
Herbs perennial, ca. 65 cm tall. Stems solitary, erect, short inflorescence-branched above, appressed pubescent, especially on inflorescence-branches and pedicels. Middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 3--3.5 X 2--3 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, adaxially green, sparsely pubescent, tripinnatisect; primary lateral segments 3-paired; ultimate segments lanceolate or elliptic. Distal stem leaves progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, in a terminal compound corymb at apex of stem. Involucres campanulate, 3--4 m in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, margin yellow-brown scarious, outer ones elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic or oblanceolate, 3--4 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 7, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, acutely 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Oct.
* Mountain slopes; 3200--3300 m. Sichuan (Hongyuan Xian).
黄花亚菊 huang hua ya ju
Artemisia nubigena Wallich, Numer. List. no 3233. 1831; Tanacetum nubigenum (Wallich) de Candolle.
Herbs perennial, ca. 30 cm tall. Stems unbranched or branched from base or lower part, densely pubescent. Middle stem leaves with petiole 3--5 cm; leaf blade orbicular or broadly ovate, ca. 1 X 1 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely pubescent, tripinnatisect or inconspicuously tripinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments linear. Distal stem leaves progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, in a terminal compound corymb ca. 3 cm in diam.; inflorescence-branches and pedicels white, densely pubescent. Involucres campanulate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, abaxially sparsely pubescent, margin dark brown scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones linear-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, middle and inner ones long-elliptic or oblanceolate, 3--4 mm. Florets yellow, sessile glands outside; outer female florets 8, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex obtusely 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Aug, fr.??.
Mountain slopes; 3900--4100 m. Xizang (Jilong Xian) [India, Nepal, Sikkim].
束 ÉĄŃÇžŐ shu san ya ju
Chrysanthemum parviflorum Grüning, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 312. 1913; Tanacetum davidii Krascheninnikov; T. parviflorum (Grüning) Kung.
Subshrubs 7--25 cm tall. Old branches short, with flowering and sterile stems. Flowering stems unbranched or shortly fascicular inflorescence-branched at apices of branches, sparsely puberulent. Middle leaves petiolate; leaf blade ovate, ca. 2.5 X 2 cm, abaxially pale gray-white, densely pubescent, adaxially green, sparsely pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments linear; proximal and distal leaves 3--5-pinnatisect. Capitula 5--10, in a terminal fascicular corymb, at apex of stem. Involucres cylindric, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, rigidly herbaceous, margin hyaline-scarious, stramineous, nitid, apex acute, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially puberulent, middle and inner ones long-elliptic, ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow; outer female florets 4, tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, apex 5-lobed; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm. Fl.??, fr.??
Low mountains, hills; ca. 1400 m. Hebei, ??Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Mongolia].
川甘亚菊 chuan gan ya ju
Tanacetum potaninii Krascheninnikov, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., 26: 28. 1929; Ajania dentata X. D. Cui; Chrysanthemum potaninii (Krascheninnikov) Handel-Mazzetti; T. potaninii var. nanum Krascheninnikov; T. potaninii var. suffruticosum Krascheninnikov; T. rockii Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski.
Subshrubs ca. 70 cm tall. Old branches dark gray; flowering branches sparsely appressed pubescent. Proximal and middle leaves with petiole ca. 0.5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate, orbicular, or broadly elliptic, 1.5--2.5 X 1--2 cm, abaxially white or gray-white, densely and thickly appressed pubescent, adaxially green or gray-green, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, margin serrate or occasionally inconspicuously 3--5-lobed, apex truncate or acute. Distal stem leaves and leaves below inflorescence spatulate, orbicular, or long-elliptic, small. Capitula numerous, small, in a terminal compound corymb 2--8 cm in diam. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, nitid, margin hyaline-scarious, outer ones ovate or triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, apex obtuse or rounded, middle and inner ones elliptic or lanceolate, 2--2.5 mm, middle ones sparsely pubescent adaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 2--4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 2.5 mm. Achenes ca. 1.2 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Nov.
* Mountain slopes, forests, river valleys, hills; 2000--2300 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan.
灰叶亚菊 hui ye ya ju
Chrysanthemum potaninii (Krascheninnikov) Handel-Mazzetti var. amphiseriaceum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 271. 1938.
Subshrubs 18--35 cm tall. Old branches gray-brown; flowering branches sparsely appressed tomentose. Middle leaves with petiole ca. 0.3 cm; leaf blade orbicular or broadly elliptic, 0.7--2 X 0.5--1.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely tomentose, margin undivided, serrate, [occasionally lobed??]. Distal leaves and leaves below inflorescence orbicular or long-elliptic, small. Capitula numerous, in a terminal corymb 1--4 cm in diam. Involucres campanulate, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse or obtuse, outer ones ovate or triangular-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic or lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, middle ones pubescent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow; outer female florets 13, narrowly tubular, ca. 3 mm, apex 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 4 mm. Achenes ca. 2 mm. Fl., fr. Sep--Nov.
* Mountain slopes; 1700--2300 m. Sichuan (Kangding Xian, Tianquan Xian).
深裂亚菊 shen lie ya ju
Chrysanthemum truncatum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 270. 1938.
Subshrubs 15--35 cm tall. Old branches gray-brown. Flowering branches sparsely appressed tomentose. Middle leaves with petiole 0.2--0.6 cm; leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, ca. 1.2 X 1.2 cm, both surfaces gray-white, adaxially [both surfaces??] densely tomentose, pinnatisect; lateral segments 1- or 2-paired. Distal leaves and leaves below inflorescence smaller, undivided. Capitula numerous, in a terminal compound corymb 1--2.5 cm in diam. Involucres, campanulate, 2.4--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, abaxially glabrous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones ovate or triangular-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic, ca. 3 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 16, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 3 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Sep--Oct.
* Streamsides, wastelands, slopes; 1900--2100 m. Sichuan (Chonghua Xian).
下白亚菊 xi bai ya ju
Subshrubs ca. 55 cm tall. Young branches white pubescent. Middle and distal leaves with petiole ca. 0.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, subovate, or ovate-elliptic, 1.2--2.5 X 1.3--2 cm, abaxially gray-white, densely and thickly tomentose, with sessile glands beneath indumentum, adaxially green, glabrous, with sessile glands, pinnately 3--5-paired, base truncate or subtruncate. Leaves below inflorescence similar, but smaller. Capitula numerous, small, in a terminal corymb 1--5 cm in diam., inflorescence-branches and pedicels white tomentose. Involucres campanulate, ca. 3.5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, nitid, abaxially glabrous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones elliptic, ca. 1 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 5 or 6, narrowly tubular, minutely 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ca. 0.6 mm. Fl., fr. Jul.
* Roadsides; 600--700 m. Gansu, Sichuan.
蓍状亚菊 shi zhuang ya ju
Artemisia achilleoides Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 195. 1832; Chrysanthemum achilleoides (Turczaninow) Handel-Mazzetti; Hippolytia achilleoides (Turczaninow) Poljakov ex Grubov; Tanacetum achilleoides (Turczaninow) Handel-Mazzetti [in FRPS this is (Turcz.) de Candolle??].
Subshrubs 10--20 cm tall. Old branches short. Flowering branches appressed pubescent, especially in upper part. Middle leaves with petiole 2--3 mm; leaf blade ovate or cuneate, 1--1.5 X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces white or gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2-paired; ultimate segments linear or long-linear-elliptic. Proximal and distal leaves gradually smaller. Capitula few to numerous, in a terminal corymb ca. 2 cm in diam., at apices of branches. Involucres campanulate, ca. 3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, nitid, stramineous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones elliptic-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, abaxially puberulent, middle and inner ones ovate to lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, middle ones puberulent abaxially, inner ones glabrous abaxially. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 6, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex acutely 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 2.2 mm. Achenes ca. 1 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep.
Desert steppes, steppes; ca. 200 m. Nei Mongol [Mongolia].
光苞亚菊 guang bao ya ju
Herbs perennial, ca. 30 cm tall. Stems erect, inflorescence branched in upper part, pubescent. Middle stem leaves sessile, [with divided pseudostipules??]; leaf blade ovate or oblanceolate, 1--1.5 X 0.3--0.6 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely pubescent, bipalmate-pinnately 3--5-sect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments elliptic or triangular; leaves below inflorescence small, 3-sect or undivided. Capitula small, numerous, in a terminal compound lax corymb. Involucres campanulate, 3--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, nitid, margin hyaline-scarious, outer ones lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones ovate, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 2--2.7 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow; outer female florets 8, narrowly tubular, apex 3- or 4-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Fl. Sep, fr.??.
* Dry mountain slopes; ca. 3900 m. Sichuan.
灌木亚菊 guan mu ya ju
Tanacetum fruticulosum Ledebour, Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. 1: 10. 1829; Chrysanthemum aureoglobosum (W. W. Smith & Farrer) Handel-Mazzetti; C. neofruticulosum (Ledebour) Y. Ling; T. aureoglobosum W. W. Smith & Farrer.
Subshrubs 8--40 cm tall. Old branches stramineous. Flowering branches gray-white or gray-green, densely or sparsely pubescent. Middle leaves long or shortly petiolate, [with entire pseudostipules??]; leaf blade orbicular, triangular-ovate, reniform, or broadly ovate, 0.5--3 X 1--2.5 cm, both surfaces gray-white or pale green, densely pubescent, bipalmately 3--5-sect or bipalmate, pinnately 3--5-sect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2-paired; ultimate segments linear-subulate, broadly linear, or long-oblanceolate. Proximal and distal leaves granular or long-oblanceolate, gradually smaller, palmately 3--5-sect. Capitula small, few to numerous, in a terminal corymb. Involucres campanulate, 3--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, tramineous, nitid, margin hyaline scarious, rarely brown scarious, apex obtuse or rounded, outer ones ovate or lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, middle and inner ones elliptic, 2--3 mm, abaxially glabrous. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 5--8, narrowly tubular, ca. 2 mm, apex 3(--5)-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, 2--3 mm. Achenes 1.2--1.5 mm. Fl., fr. Jun--Oct.
Deserts, desert steppes; 500--4400 m. Gansu, Jiangsu??, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakstan, ??Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan??].
丝裂亚菊 si lie ya ju
Chrysanthemum nematolobum Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 271. 1938.
Subshrubs ca. 30 cm tall. Old branches short; young branches pale purple or pale green, glabrous. Proximal and middle leaves sessile; leaf blade broadly ovate or cuneate, 1--2 X 1--4 cm, both surfaces green or pale green, glabrous or very sparsely puberulent, biternately palmatisect or biternately palmate-pinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1-paired; ultimate segments filiform. Distal leaves small, 3--5-sect. Capitula small, few to numerous, in a terminal corymb. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, nitid, abaxially glabrous, margin hyaline-scarious, outer ones ovate, ca. 1 mm, middle and inner ones broadly obovate, 2.5--3 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 5, narrowly tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, apex laterally acutely 2-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, ca. 2 mm. Achenes nearly 1 mm. Fl., fr. Sep--Oct.
* Mountain slopes; 1700--2300 m. Gansu, ??Nei Mongol, Qinghai.
亚菊 ya ju
Artemisia pallasiana Fischer ex Besser, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes. Moscou 3: 61. 1834; Chrysanthemum pallasianum (Fischer ex Besser) Komarov; Pyrethrum pallasianum (Fischer ex Besser) Maximowicz; Tanacetum pallasianum (Fischer ex Besser) Trautvetter & Meyer.
Herbs perennial, 30--60 cm tall. Stems erect, solitary or fascicled, shortly branched, appressed pubescent, especially in upper part and on inflorescence-branches and pedicels. Basal and proximal stem leaves withered at anthesis. Middle stem leaves with petiole 0.5--1 cm, leaf blade ovate, long-elliptic, or rhomboid, 2--4 X 1--2.5 cm, abaxially white or gray-white, appressed densely and thickly pubescent, adaxially green, glabrous, bipalmate or bipalmate-pinnately 3--5-sect; primary lateral segments 1- or 2 paired; ultimate segments linear or linear-lanceolate. Distal stem leaves similar, progressively smaller. Capitula rather large, few to numerous, in a terminal compound corymb 3--5 cm in diam. Involucres broadly campanulate, 6--7 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows, stramineous, nitid, abaxially glabrous, outer ones long-elliptic, 2.5--3 mm, apex with rounded waxy hyaline appendage, middle and inner ones long-ovate, ca. 4 mm. Florets yellow, with sessile glands outside; outer female florets 3, tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, apex 5-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, apex 5-lobed. Achenes ca. 1.8 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 36.
Thickets, mountain slopes; 200--2900 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, ??Shaanxi [Korea, Mongolia??, Russia].
新疆亚菊 xin jiang ya ju
Artemisia fastigiata C. Winkler, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 373. 1891.
Herbs perennial, 30--90 cm tall. Stems erect, solitary or fascicled, branched or shortly branched from middle or upper part, pubescent. Proximal leaves withered at anthesis. Middle stem leaves with petiole ca. 1 cm, leaf blade broadly triangular-ovate, 3--4 X 2--3 cm, both surfaces gray-white, densely appressed pubescent, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 2- or 3-paired; ultimate segments long-elliptic or oblanceolate. Distal stem leaves similar, progressively smaller. Capitula numerous, corymbose. Involucres campanulate, 2.5--4 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 4 rows; abaxially glabrous, margin hyaline-scarious, apex obtuse, outer ones linear, 2.5--3.5 mm, middle and inner ones elliptic or oblanceolate, 3--4 mm. Florets yellow; outer female florets 8, narrowly tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, apex 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, 1.8--2.5 mm. Achenes 1--1.5 mm. Fl., fr. Aug--Oct.
Steppes, semideserts, forest understories; 900--2300 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakstan].
画笔菊属 hua bi ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual. Leaves alternate, biternately pinnatisect, bipinnatisect, or trisect. Capitula rather small, numerous or few, in a terminal corymb, heterogamous, disciform. Involucres obovoid, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 2 rows. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Florets yellow, fertile, apically pilose with straight erect hairs; outer female florets in 1 row, ascidiform, tapering above, apex minutely 2-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, 5-lobed. Style-arms truncate at apex; anthers obtuse at base, with apical subtriangular appendage. Achenes obovoid, 5- or 6-ribbed. Pappus absent.
Monotypic; endemic to Xizang.
画笔菊 hua bi ju
Plants 5--10 cm tall, white villous. Stems few branched from base; branches prostrate in lower part, upturned in upper part. Middle stem leaves with petiole ca. 0.5 mm; leaf blade broadly cuneate or suborbicular, 0.5--0.7 X ca. 1 cm, both surfaces concolorous [color??], densely villous, biternately pinnatisect or bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 1-paired; ultimate segments linear or broadly linear, apex acute. Proximal and distal leaves small. Capitula numerous or few, in a terminal corymb. Involucres obovoid, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 2 rows, abaxially densely villous, margin dark scarious, outer ones elliptic, 3--3.5 mm, inner ones spatulate or oblanceolate, ca. 3 mm. Florets yellow, apically pilose with erect straight hairs; outer female florets 7 or 8, ascidiform, ca. 2 mm, tapering above; central hermaphroditic florets 12, tubular, ca. 2.5 mm. Achenes obovoid, ca. 1.8 mm, 5- or 6-ribbed. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Sep.
* Steep slopes; 4600--5000 m. Xizang (Nanmuling Xian).
线叶菊属 xian ye ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Description?? Capitula corymbose, small. Florets hermaphroditic, central ones sterile. Achenes 2-striate.
Distribution??
线叶菊属 xian ye ju shu
Tanacetum sibiricum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1844. 1753; Artemisia sibirica (Linnaeus) Maximowicz; Chrysanthemum trinioides Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, 20--60 cm tall; roots robust, woody. Stems densely fascicled, basally with densely fibrous-lacerate leaf sheath, corymbose-branched in upper part, glabrous, striate. Basal leaves long petiolate; leaf blade obovate or oblong, ca. 20 X 5--6 cm, both surfaces green, glabrous, bi-or tri-pinnatisect; primary lateral segments many paired; ultimate segments filiform. Stem leaves small, alternate. Capitula few or numerous, corymbose. Involucres hemispheric, 4--5 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 rows, ovate to broadly ovate, margin scarious, apex rounded. Florets yellow; outer female florets 6, acidiform, tapering above, minutely 2--4-denticulate, with sessile glands outside; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, ca. 2 mm, 5-lobed. Achenes obovate or elliptic, slightly compressed, dark, glabrous, 2-striate adaxially. Fl., fr. Jun--Sep. 2n = 16, 18.
Grasslands on mountain slopes; 1500--2600 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, ??Mongolia, Russia].
喀什菊属 ka shi ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs. Leaves alternate, sessile, entire, free-lobed. Capitula ovoid, disciform, heterogamous, rather small, fascicled-corymbose. Involucres cupular; phyllaries in 2--4 rows, overlapping. Receptacle convex, epaleate. Florets fertile; outer female florets 3--5, asciform, tapering above, 2- or 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, 5-lobed; corolla with scattered stellate hairs at apex. Style-arms linear, apex truncate. Anther obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendage. Achenes obovoid, obtusely angular, striate at upper part. Pappus absent.
Two species: China, Mongolia, Kazakstan.
1a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate-linear or linear, 1--2 X 0.17--0.5
cm, usually entire
.............................................................................................................. 1. K. brachanthemoides
1b. Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 1--3 X 0.7--1.5 cm, apex 3--5-partirte ........... 2. K. komarovii
密枝喀什菊 mi zhi ka shi ju
Artemisia brachanthemoides C. Winkler, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 422. 1886; Tanacetum brachanthemoides (C. Winkler) Krascheninnikov.
Subshrubs ca. 50 cm tall. Old branches grayish, year-old branches virgate, narrowly angular, stramineous in lower part, green in upper part. Middle leaves sessile; leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate-linear, 1--2 X 0.17--0.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous or scattered pubescent with stellate hairs, margin entire, occasionally 3-parted. Distal leaves gradually smaller, narrowly linear. Capitula ovoid, sessile or shortly pedunculate, 2--5, in a terminal fascicled-corymb at apices of branches. Involucres cupular, ca. 2 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 2 or 4 rows, margin scarious, abaxially with scattered sessile glands, outer ones small, nearly orbicular, inner ones large, broadly elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic. Florets yellow, with scattered stellate hairs and sessile glands outside; outer female florets few, fasciform, tapering above, ca. 1.7 mm, apex 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, 1.8--2 mm, 5-lobed. Achenes narrowly obovoid, 1--1.3 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously obtusely 2- or 3-angular, apex truncate. Pappus absent. Fl.??, fr.??
Dry mountain valleys; ca. 1500 m. N Xinjiang (Tuokexun Xian) [Kazakstan].
喀什菊 ka shi ju
Tanacetum komarovii Krascheninnikov & Rubtzov in Krascheninnikov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk SSSR 9: 168. 1946 [C. komarovii (Krasch. & N. Rubtz.) S. Y. Hu??].
Subshrubs 40--55 cm tall. Old branches grayish; year-old branches stramineous in lower part, pale green in upper part, pubescent with scattered stellate hairs. Middle leaves sessile; leaf blade spatulate or oblanceolate, 1--3 X 0.7--1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent with stellate hairs, apex 3--5-partite, rarely pinnatisect. Distal leaves entire. Capitula 3--5(--8), fascicled-corymbose at apices of branches. Involucres cupular, 2--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 2--4 rows, overlapping, margin scarious, outer ones nearly orbicular, inner ones broadly ovate. Florets yellow, pubescent with scattered stellate hairs outside; outer female florets 3--5, asciform, tapering above, 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular. Achenes ovoid, 1--1.2 mm. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Aug.
Mountain slopes; elevation?? Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia].
栉叶蒿属zhi ye hao shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual or perennial. Leaves pectinate to pinnatisect. Capitula rather small, disciform, heterogamous, in a narrow spiciform panicle. Involucres ovoid or broadly ovoid; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, margin broadly scarious. Receptacle narrowly conical, epaleate. Outer female florets usually 3 or 4, narrowly tubular, without apical teeth, fertile; central florets of two kinds; outer perfect, inner completely sterile with reduced ovaries; all central florets hermaphroditic, 5-lobed. Anther obtuse at base, apically with rhomboid-acuminate appendage; style-arms linear. Achenes in a row around base of receptacle, ellipsoid, somewhat compressed or triquetrous, brown, striate. Pappus absent.
One species: China, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia.
栉叶蒿 zhi ye hao
Artemisia pectinata Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 755. 1776; A. pectinata Pallas var. yunnanensis Pampanini; A. yunnanensis (Pampanini) Krascheninnikov; Neopallasia tibetica Y. R. Ling; N. yunnanensis (Pampanini) Y. R. Ling.
Plants 12--40 cm tall. Stems erect, unbranched or branched from base, purplish, +/- densely white sericeous. Proximal and middle stem leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 1.5--3 X 0.5--1 cm, both surfaces green, glabrous, sometimes with sessile glands, pectinate-pinnatisect; segments linear-subulate, somewhat rigid. Distal stem leaves and leaves below inflorescence similar, but smaller. Capitula numerous, rather small, in a narrowly frondose spiciform panicle. Involucres ovoid or broadly ovoid, 2.5--3 mm in diam.; phyllaries in 3 or 4 rows, abaxially glabrous, margin broadly scarious, outer ones somewhat short, inner ones rather narrow. Outer female florets 3 or 4, fertile, narrowly tubular, without apical teeth; central florets hermaphroditic, tubular, 5-lobed, of two kinds: outer perfect, inner completely sterile with reduced ovaries. Achenes brown, elliptic, 1.2--1.5 mm, somewhat compressed. Fl., fr. Jun--Sep.
Deserts, gravelly places of river valleys, wastelands; 1300--3400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia].
Neopallasia pectinata is a highly variable species. Recently named Chinese species N. yunnanensis (Pampanini) Y. R. Ling and N. tibetica Y. R. Ling might actually be synonymous with it.
芙蓉菊属 fu rong ju shu
Synonyms?? Artemisia sect. Crossostephium (Lessing) Baillon??
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Subshrubs pubescent. Leaves alternate, narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate, apically few lobed or entire. Capitula disciform, heterogamous, numerous, in a frondose raceme or panicle. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, outer ones herbaceous, inner ones broadly scarious at margin. Receptacle hemispheric, epaleate. Outer female florets in 1 row, tubular, 2- or 3-denticulate, glandular punctate outside; central hermaphroditic florets tubular, 5-lobed, glandular punctate outside. Anther obtuse at base, with apical oblong appendage; style-arms linear, apex truncate. Achenes obovoid, weakly 5-ribbed. Pappus coroniform, of small scales.
Monotypic: China.
芙蓉菊 fu rong ju
Artemisia chinensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 849.1753; Chrysanthemum artemisioides (Lessing) Kitamura; Crossostephium artemisioides Lessing; Tanacetum chinensis A. Gray ex Maximowicz.
Plants 10--40 cm tall, much branched in upper part, densely gray-white pubescent. Leaves sessile, aggregated at apex of branches; leaf blade narrowly spatulate or narrowly lanceolate, 2--4 X 0.4--0.5 cm, both surfaces densely gray-white pubescent, base cuneate-attenuate, margin entire or sometimes apex 3- or 4-lobed, thick. Capitula rather small, disciform, ca. 7 mm in diam., numerous, in a frondose raceme along branches. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, outer and middle ones equal, elliptic, herbaceous, abaxially densely gray-white pubescent, apex obtuse or acute, inner ones oblong, small, abaxially subglabrous, margin broadly scarious. Outer female florets in 1 row, tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, glandular punctate outside, apex 2- or 3-denticulate; central hermaphroditic florets numerous, tubular, densely glandular punctate outside, 5-lobed. Pappus ca. 0.5 mm, coroniform, of small scales. Fl., fr. whole year.
S China - provinces??, ??Fujian, Guangdong??, ??Taiwan, ??Yunnan, ??Zhejiang [cultivated in Japan, Philippines].
Sometimes cultivated as a potted flower. Whole plant used medicinally for treating infantile convulsion.
山芫绥属 shan yan shui shu
Synonyms??
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual or perennial. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite or rosulate, pinnatisect, lobed or occasionally entire. Capitulum solitary, small, pedunculate, heterogamous, disciform or discoid. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 or 3 rows, unequal, margin narrowly scarious. Receptacle flat to conical, epaleate. Outer female florets fertile, in 1 to several rows, generally stalked; tube short or absent; limb generally absent, white if present; central hermaphroditic floret yellow, fertile, 4- or 5-lobed. Anther obtuse at base, with apical lanceolate appendages; style-arms truncate or obtuse at apex or style undivided. Achenes dorsiventrally flattened, often laterally winged, wings aristately lengthened at apex of achene. Pappus absent.
Fifty-five species: mostly in S Africa, Australia, South America, a few species extending to E Africa; two species in China.
1a. Achenes of outer female florets obovoid; lateral wings broad and thick; ultimate segments of leaves short-triangular or lanceolate ........................................................................... 1. C. anthemoides
1b. Achenes of outer female florets narrowly oblong; lateral wings very narrow; ultimate segments of leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ............................................................................. 2. C. hemisphaerica
芫绥菊 yan sui ju
Herbs annual, small. Stems with diffuse branches, +/- villous with pale brown hairs. Basal leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong, 3--5 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces sparsely villous or subglabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 5-paired; ultimate lobes short triangular or lanceolate, apex shortly acute. Middle stem leaves similar, base semi-amplexicaul. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches, axillary or opposite with leaves, ca. 5 mm in diam. Involucres coryliform; phyllaries in 2 rows, oblong, with 1 red midvein, margin scarious, outer ones small, inner ones large. Outer female florets numerous, without corolla; central hermaphroditic florets few; corolla yellow, 4-lobed. Achenes obovoid, ca. 1.2 mm, dorsiventrally flattened, lateral wings broad and thick, with sessile glands. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Sep to Mar. of next year. 2n = 20.
Wet places by rivers, paddies; 1000--1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei??, Sichuan??, Taiwan??, Yunnan [India, Indochina - countries??, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa].
山芫绥 shan yan sui
Herbs annual, small. Stems with diffuse branches, +/- villous with brownish hairs. Basal leaves shortly petiolate, oblanceolate, 3--5 X 1--2 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, bipinnatisect; primary lateral segments 5-paired; ultimate segments linear or linear-lanceolate. Middle stem leaves similar, oblong, base amplexicaul; distal stem leaves small. Capitulum solitary at apices of branches, ca. 5 mm in diam.; phyllaries coryliform, in 2 rows, oblong, margin scarious, apex obtuse or acute, with 1 brown midvein. Outer female florets numerous, without corolla or corolla 2-dentiform; central hermaphroditic florets few, yellow, 4-lobed. Achenes narrowly oblong [ovoid??], ca. 1 mm, slightly dorsiventrally flattened, lateral wings narrow, with sessile glands. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. Jun--May.
Sandy and stony places by rivers, by paddies; ca. 100 m. Hubei, Sichuan [India, Pakistan].
裸柱菊属 luo zhu ju shu
Ling Yuou-ruen; C. J. Humphries
Herbs annual, small. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect. Capitulum solitary at leaf axils, disciform. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 rows, equal, margin scarious. Receptacle convex or conical, epaleate. Outer florets female, without corolla; central hermaphroditic florets sterile, corolla tubular, 3- or 4-lobed. Anther obtuse at base. Style-arms fused. Achenes dorsiventrally flattened, laterally winged; wings sometimes projected, teeth apex with persistent and spinescent style, sometimes transversely wrinkled to sulcate. Pappus absent.
Eight species mostly in Australia, North & South America; one species naturalized in China.
裸柱菊 luo zhu ju
Gymnostyles anthemifolia Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4: 262. 1804.
Stems very short, prostrate. Leaves alternate, with petiole 5--10 cm; leaf blade bi- or tripinnately divided; ultimate lobes linear, sparsely villous or subglabrous. Capitula without pedicels, at base of stem, 6--12 mm in diam. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 rows, oblong or lanceolate, margin scarious. Outer female florets without corolla; central hermaphroditic florets few, yellow, tubular, ca. 1.2 mm, apex 3-lobed, sterile. Achenes oblanceolate, dorsiventrally flattened, with persistent and spinescent style, long villous, lateral-winged, wrinkled in lower part, apex rotund. Pappus absent. Fl., fr. whole year. 2n = 118.
Habitat??; elevation?? Naturalized in: Fujiang, Guangdong, ??Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan??, ??Zhejiang [Native to Australia, South America].
What about the following (in FRPS but not in FOC draft)?? If unknown or if only cultivated with no economic importance then can delete, otherwise, need to treat somewhere, at least in note/comment??
|
Chamaemelum |
|
|
|
|
Miller |
Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 |
[28]. 1754. |
|
Chamaemelum |
nobile |
|
|
Linnaeus |
All. |
Fl. Pedem. |
1: 185. 1785. |
|
Anthemis |
nobilis |
|
|
|
Linnaeus |
Sp. Pl. |
2: 894. 1753. |
|
Leucanthemum |
maximum |
|
|
Ramood |
de Candolle |
Prodr. |
6: 46. 1837. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
maximum |
|
|
|
Ramood |
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris |
2: 140. 1800. |
|
Brachanthemum |
titovii |
|
|
|
Krasch. |
Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS |
11: 196. 1949. |
|
Brachanthemum |
kirghisorum |
|
|
|
Krasch. |
Not. Syst. Herb. Bot. Komarov Inst. Acad. Sci. URSS |
9: 171. 1946. [Sinkiang: Abolin 1222 (type) |
|
Brachanthemum |
fruticulosum |
|
|
Ledebour |
de Candolle |
Prodr. |
6: 45. 1837. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
fruticulosum |
|
|
|
Ledebour |
Fl. Altaic. |
4: 117. 1833. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
indicum |
var. |
edule |
|
Kitamura |
J. Jap. Bot. |
19: 343. 1943. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
sibiricum |
var. |
sinoalpinum |
|
Nakai |
J. Jap. Bot. |
16: 75. 1940. |
|
Pyrethrum |
sinense |
var. |
sinense |
|
Maximowicz |
Bull. Acad. Petersb. |
17: 425. 1872. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
sinense |
|
|
|
Sabine |
Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot. |
14: 142. 1825. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
sinense |
var. |
hortense |
|
Makino ex Matsum. |
Index Pl. Jap. |
2: 639. 1912. |
|
Dendranthema |
sinense |
|
|
Sabine |
Des Moul. |
Acta Soc. Linn. Bord. |
20: 562. 1855. |
|
Pyrethrum |
sinense |
|
|
Sabine |
de Candolle |
Prodr. |
6: 62. 1837. |
|
Tanacetum |
sinense |
|
|
Sabine |
Schultz-Bipontinus |
Tanaceteen |
50. 1844. |
|
Dendranthema |
sichotense |
|
|
|
Tzvel. |
Fl. URSS |
26: 380. 1961. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
indicum |
var. |
acutum |
|
Uyeki |
Suigengakuho |
21; 14. 1928. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
zawadskii |
subsp. |
Acutilobum |
de Candolle |
Kitagawa |
Fl. Lineam. Manch. |
444. 1939. |
|
Pyrethrum |
roseum |
var. |
Adamii |
|
Trautvetter |
Acta Hort. Petrop. |
5: 443. 1878. |
|
Pyrethrum |
corymbiforme |
|
|
|
Tzvel. |
Fl. URSS |
26: 873. 1961. |
|
Coleostephus |
|
|
|
|
Cass. |
Dict. Sci. Nat. |
41: 43. 1826. |
|
Coleostephus |
myconis |
|
|
Linnaeus |
Cass. |
Dict. Sci. Nat. |
41: 43. 1826. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
myconis |
|
|
|
Linnaeus |
Sp. Pl. ed. 2 |
1254. 1763. |
|
Myconia |
chrysanthemum |
|
|
Sch.-Bip. in Webb & Berth. |
Phyt. Canar. |
2: 247. 1842. |
|
|
Tanacetum |
meyerianum |
|
|
|
Schultz-Bipontinus |
Tanaceteen |
47. 1844. |
|
Formania |
|
|
|
|
W. W. Smith & J. Small |
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh |
28: 91. 1922. |
|
Formania |
mekongensis |
|
|
|
W. W. Smith & J. Small |
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh |
28: 91. 1922. |
|
Waldheimia |
korolkowii |
|
|
|
Regel & Schmalhauser |
Acta Hort. Petrop. |
6: 310. 1879. |
|
Waldheimia |
stracheyana |
|
|
|
Regel |
Acta Hort. Petrop. |
6: 309. 1879. |
|
Ajania |
elegantula |
|
|
W. W. Smith |
C. Shih in Y. Ling & C. Shih |
Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin |
6: 15. 1980. |
|
Tanacetum |
elegantulum |
|
|
|
W. W. Smith |
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh |
10: 201. 1918. |
|
Chrysanthemum |
elegantulum |
|
|
W. W. Smith |
S. Y. Hu |
Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. |
19: 27. 1966. |
|
Centipeda |
|
|
|
|
Loureillo |
Fl. Cochinch. |
2: 492. 1790. |
|
Centipeda |
minima |
|
|
Linnaeus |
A. Br. & Aschers. |
Index Sem. Hort. Berol. App. |
6. 1867. |
|
Artemisia |
minima |
|
|
|
Linnaeus |
Sp. Pl. |
2: 849. 1753. |
|
Centipeda |
minuta |
|
|
Less. |
C. B. Clarke |
Comp. Ind. |
151. 1876. |
|
Centipeda |
orbicularis |
|
|
|
Loureillo |
Fl. Cochinch. |
2: 493. 1790. |
|
Cotula |
minima |
|
|
Linnaeus |
Willdenow |
Sp. Pl. |
3: 2170. 1804. |
|
Myriogyne |
minuta |
|
|
|
Lessing |
Linnaea |
6: 219. 1831. |
|
Sphaeromorphaea |
centipeda |
|
|
|
de Candolle |
Prodr. |
6: 140. 1837. |
In Provincial Floras but not in FOC draft??
Brachanthemum gobicum Krasch., in Fl. Intramongol., Mongolia: Altai, N. & B. Ikonnikov-Galisky, 1931.
Ajania mutellina (Handel-Mazzetti) Y. Ling, in Index Fl. Yunnan.
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium var. acutum (Uyeki) C. Y. Li, Fl. Liaoning.
C. morii Hayata, in Fl. Taiwan.
Cotula chinensis Kitamura, in Fl. Taiwan
Elachanthemum intricatum var. macrocephalum H. C. Fu, in Fl. Intramongol.
From Dr. Hu's card file:
Chrysanthemum arcticum Linnaeus = Leucanthemum arcticum (L.) DC. = L. gmelinii Ledebour - Manchuria - along the sea, Hopei: C. W. Wang 2289; C. F. Li 11022
C. artemisiifolium F. W. Klatt - Tibet: Province Tsanskar, H. v. Schlagintweit 6253, 6554, 6696; Prov. Ladak, HVS 5253, 5333, 6557; Prov. Balti, HVS 6034, 6062
C. horaimontanum Masamune = C. morii Hayata, Taiwan: K. Mori in 1936 (type).
C. hortorum Bailey = C. morifolium Ramatuelle, Peking: Prince Garden, cultivated.
C. indicum var. hibernum Makino - Kweichow: Steward, Chiao & Cheo 873 Herb. Univ. Nanking
C. mutellina (Handel-Mazzetti) Handel-Mazzetti = T. mutellina Handel-Mazzetti = T. nubigenum Hook. f. - Yunnan: H-M 8129 (type), Rock 10045, Szechuan: H. Smith 4442, 11030, 12415, Kansu: Ching 662, Rock 13727; Sikkim: Hooker, Elwes
C. parvifolium Chang - Kweichow: Cavalerie 4233 (type)
C. sibiricum var. acutilobum (DC.) Nakai - Manchuria: M. Kitagawa in 1930, 1936; Hopei: R. Azuma
C. sibiricum var. gmelini (Turcz.) Nakai - Hopei: R. Azuma, Liaoning: M. Nisimura in 1913; Kitagawa in 1931; Korea
Pyrethrum achilleifolium M. von Bieberstein: Sinkiang: Songaria-Kirghisici, Karelin & Kirilow
P. kaschgaricum Krasch. - Sinkiang: M. Popov, Sep. 25, 1929.
Tanacetum gracile Hook f. & Thoms. ex Hook. f. - Tibet: Strachey & Winterbottom, Ninghsia: Pai 112, Hsia 3888