忍冬科 insert pinyin vernacular name
Qin-er Yang (杨亲二);
Shrubs or woody vines, rarely small trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, simple or pinnately compound; stipules absent or very small. Inflorescence basically cymose or with pairs of flowers sometimes joined toward bases of ovaries. Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed or lobed; tube adnate to ovary. Corolla epigynous, gamopetalous; lobes 5, spreading, sometimes 2-lipped, mostly imbricate in bud. Stamens (4 or)5, arising from corolla tube, alternating with lobes; anthers free, 2-celled, opening by longitudinal slits, mostly introrse. Carpels 3–5, united; ovary inferior, 1–5-loculed; placenta axile; ovules 1 to many per locule, pendulous; style solitary; stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit a berry or a achene-like drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds 1 to many; embryo small, straight; endosperm copious.
About thirteen genera and ca. 500 species: mostly in temperate regions of eastern North America and eastern Asia; twelve genera and ca. 200 species in China.
Hsu Ping-sheng, Hu Jia-qi & Wang Han-jin. 1988. Caprifoliaceae. In: Hsu Ping-sheng, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 72: 1–284.
add note about former and modern circumscriptions.
Doubtful taxa: Actinotinus Oliver, Actinotinus sinensis Oliver 1888. Icon. Plant. 18 t. 1740 = Chimerous material; Aesculus chinensis var. wilsonii leaf associated with an inflorescence fragment of Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum (see FOC Hippocastaneaceae draft and Malécot, V. 2004. La diversité des Viburnum. Hommes et plantes 49: 22–27).
1a. Herbs perennial; leaves connate-perfoliate, otherwise pinnate .............................. 1. Triosteum
1b. Shrubs or woody vines, rarely small trees or prostrate subshrubs; leaves not connate, otherwise undivided.
2a. Woody vines ................................................................................................. 5. Lonicera
2b. Shrubs or small trees.
3a. Leaves triplinerved; flowers 6 or 7 in a head, forming a terminal panicle . 2. Heptacodium
3b. Leaves pinnativeined.
4a. Flowers paired on peduncle, calyx tubes often ± connate ......................... 5. Lonicera
4b. Calyx tubes of paired flowers separate.
5a. Branchlets hollow; fruit a many seeded berry ................................. 4. Leycesteria
5b. Branchlets solid .................................................................... 3. Symphoricarpos
莛子藨属 ting zi biao shu
Herbs, perennial, with underground rhizomes. Stem erect, unbranched. Leaves simple, opposite, obovate, entire, undulate, or emarginate to deeply divided. Inflorescences in clusters on a terminal axis or in axils of leaves. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes short or long and foliaceous, persistent. Corolla whitish, yellow, or purple, tubular-campanulate, base gibbous on one side; lobes 5, unequal, imbricate, bilabiate, upper labium 4-lobed, lower labium entire. Stamens 5, inserted in corolla tube; anthers introrse. Ovary 3–5-loculed; ovule 1 per locule, pendulous; styles filiform; stigmas discoid, 3–5-lobed. Fruit a berry-like drupe, subglobose, leathery or fleshy; pyrenes cartilaginous; seeds 2 or 3, narrowly orbicular; endosperm fleshy, embryo small.
About six species: C and E Asia, North America; three species in China.
1a. Inflorescence in clusters on a terminal axis or in axils of leaves; leaves entire, or slightly repand to sinuous or slightly lobed .................................................................................................. 3. T. sinuatum
1b. Inflorescence in clusters on a terminal axis.
2a. Leaves entire, base connate and perfoliate ............................................ 1. T. himalayanum
2b. Leaves pinnatifid, base not connate ....................................................... 2. T. pinnatifidum
穿心莛子藨 chuan xin ting zi biao
Echium connatum H. Léveillé; Triosteum erythrocarpum H. Smith; T. fargesii Franchet.
Herbs, perennial. Stem 40–60 cm tall, rarely 2-branched at apex at anthesis, densely hirsute and glandular hairy. Leaves usually 9 or 10 pairs; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to obovate-oblong, 8–16 × 5–15 cm, abaxially relatively densely long hirsute on veins and mixed glandular hairy, adaxially long hirsute, base connate and perfoliate, apex acute. Cymes 2–5-whorled, clustered at apex of stem or sometimes forming a spike on branches. Calyx lobes triangular-orbicular, hirsute and glandular hairy, constricted between tube and lobes. Corolla yellow-green, tube purple-brown inside, ca. 1.6 cm, ca. 3 × as long as calyx, outside glandular-hairy; tube curved at base, gibbous on one side. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments yellowish, long, slender; anthers yellow, oblong. Fruit red, subglobose, 10–12 cm in diam., crowned with a short beak consisting of persistent calyx lobes and constricted calyx tube, hirsute and glandular hairy. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Mountain slopes, needle-leaved forests, streamsides, grasslands; 1800–4100 m. ??Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang [??Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Nepal].
莛子藨 ting zi biao
Triosteum intermedium Diels & Graebner; T. rosthornii Diels & Graebner.
Herbs, perennial. Stem to 60 cm tall, 2-branched at apex at anthesis, white hirsute and glandular hairy. Leaves pinnatifid, subsessile; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 8–20 × 6–18 cm, adaxially sparsely hirsute, more densely so on veins and margin, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; leaves at base of stem sometimes not divided. Cymes opposite, each 3-flowered; peduncule absent, sometimes inflorescence subtended by ovate, entire bracts, clustered into a short spike at apex of stem or branches. Calyx tube hirsute and glandular hairy; lobes triangular, ca. 3 mm. Corolla yellow-green, narrowly campanulate, ca. 1 cm; tube curved at base, shallowly gibbous on one side, glandular hairy; lobes orbicular, short, inside purplish punctate. Stamens inserted below middle of corolla tube; filaments short; anthers oblong. Styles long pubescent at base; stigmas cuneate-capitate. Fruit white, ovoid, ca. 10 cm, crowned with persistent calyx lobes, hirsute and glandular-hairy. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = ca. 18*, 36.
Dark needle-leaved forests, sunny places on streamsides; 1800–2900 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan].
腋花莛子藨 ye hua ting zi biao
Herbs, perennial. Stem to 60 cm tall, densely hirsute and glandular hairy. Leaves orbicular-ovate or oblong, ca. 14 × 5 cm, sparsely adpressed-hirsute, densely ciliate on veins and margin, ca. 1/3 from base abruptly narrowed and spatulate-ovate or oblong, base sometimes amplexicaul, margin entire or slightly repand to sinuous or slightly lobed, apex acuminate. Cymes axillary, 1–3-flowered. Calyx lobes lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 6–10 mm, subequaling tube, outside hirsute or glandular hairy. Corolla yellow-green, inside purple-brown. Stamens: 2 longer, other 3 equal in length; anthers narrowly elliptic. Styles filiform; stigmas exserted, globose. Fruit greenish, globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., densely hirsute and glandular-hairy, sessile. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 18.
Forests, streamsides; 800–900 m. Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang [Japan].
七子花属 qi zi hua shu
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Winter buds perulate. Leaves opposite, entire, triplinerved, estipulate. Flowers sessile, forming a terminal panicle composed of numerous whorled head-like cymes, with a pair of cymes of 3 flowers and a single terminal flower in each whorl. Involucre orbicular or ovate, large, persistent, including 10 bracts and bracteoles often decussate and densely sericeous, with 4 outside, 6 inside. Calyx tube turbinate, densely setaceous, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly elliptic, enlarged and persistent after anthesis. Corolla white, tubular-infundibuliform; tube slightly curved, base not equal-sided, 5-lobed, slightly 2-labiate; lobes narrowly elliptic, upper labium erect, 3-lobed; lower labium spreading or revolute, 2-lobed. Stamens 5; filaments inserted at middle of corolla tube, longer than corolla lobes; anthers narrowly elliptic. Ovary 3-loculed, 2 locules with numerous sterile ovules, remaining locule with 1 fertile ovule; styles hairy, stigmas discoid. Fruit an achene-like drupe, narrowly ellipsoid, leathery, crowned with persistent and enlarged calyx lobes, 3-loculed, 2 locules vacant and compressed, remaining locule with 1 seed; seed subterete, compressed in upper part, pericarp membranous; endosperm fleshy, embryo shortly terete, at base of seed.
One species; endemic to China.
七子花 qi zi hua
Heptacodium jasminoides Airy-Shaw.
Plants to 7 m tall. Young branches red-brown, sparsely pubescent; bark of stem gray-white. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate, 8–15 × 5–9 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, base obtuse or slightly cordate, apex long caudate. Inflorescence a panicle, nearly pyramidal, 8–15 × 5–9 cm; branches spreading, upper ones ca. 1.5 cm, lower ones 2.5–4 cm; small inflorescence capitate, bracteoles variously shaped, unequal in size, outermost pair emarginate. Flowers fragrant. Calyx lobes 2–2.5 mm, equaling tube, densely hirsute. Corolla 1–1.5 cm, densely downward pubescent. Fruit 1–1.5 × ca. 3 mm, 10-striate, sparsely hirsute-sericeous, persistent calyx with conspicuous midvein; seeds 5–6 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Nov.
* Cliffs, scrub, forests; 600–1000 m. Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang.
This is a rare species.
毛核木属 mao he mu shu
Shrubs, deciduous. Winter buds with 2 pairs of scales. Leaves opposite, entire or sinuous, shortly petiolate, estipulate. Flowers clustered or solitary in axils of leaves at apices of lateral branches, forming a spike or a panicle. Calyx cupular, 4- or 5-lobed. Corolla reddish or white, campanulate to infundibuliform or hypocrateriform, 4- or 5-lobed, regular; tube slightly gibbous at base, inside long pubescent. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted in corolla tube, included or slightly exserted; anthers introrse. Ovary 4-loculed, 2 locules with several sterile ovules, remaining 2 each with 1 ovule; styles slender; stigmas capitate or slightly 2-lobed. Fruit a berry-like drupe with 2 pyrenes, white, red or black, globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid; pyrenes ovoid, ± compressed; seeds with endosperm, embryo small.
Sixteen species: 15 in North America and Mexico; one species in China (the one endemic).
毛核木 mao he mu
Shrubs, erect, 1–2.5 m tall. Young branches red-brown, slender, pubescent. Petiole 1–2 mm; leaf blade abaxially gray-white, adaxially green, rhombic-ovate to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 1.2–1.8 cm, both surfaces glabrous, triplinerved, lateral veins inconspicuous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers small, sessile, solitary in axils of short, small, subulate bracts, forming a short terminal spike; lower bracts foliaceous and longer. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Corolla white, campanulate, 5–7 mm; lobes ovate, slightly shorter than tube, glabrous. Stamens 5, inserted at middle of corolla tube, equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; anthers white, ca. 2 mm. Styles 6–7 mm, glabrous; stigmas capitate. Fruit blue-black, pruinose, ovoid, ca. 7 mm, crowned with a small beak; drupelets 2, densely long pubescent. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov.
* Scrub; 600–2200m. S Gansu, Guangxi, W Hubei, Shaanxi, E Sichuan, N Yunnan.
鬼吹箫属 gui chui xiao shu
Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous. Young branches often hollow. Leaves simple, opposite, margin entire or serrate, rarely shallowly divided; stipules present or absent. Inflorescence spicate or thyrsoid-cymose, terminal or axillary, sometimes clustered and capitate, often with conspicuous leaf-like bracts. Calyx lobes 5. Corolla white, pink, or purple-red, sometimes orange-yellow, infundibuliform, regular; lobes 5. Stamens 5; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 5–8(–10)-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles long, slender; stigmas peltate or capitate. Fruit a berry, with persistent calyx; seeds minute, numerous.
About eight species: Sino-Himalayan region; five species in China (one endemic).
??Leycesteria crocothyrsos Airy-Shaw.
1a. Flowers 2 per whorl.
2a. Stipules absent; leaves subentire or dentate, petioles 5–18 mm; filaments and ovary glabrous; bracts shorter than ovary .................................................................................... 4. Leycesteria gracilis
2b. Stipules present; leaves serrate except at base, petioles 1–2 mm; filaments and ovary pubescent; bracts longer than ovary .................................................................. 5. Leycesteria glaucophylla
1b. Flowers 6 per whorl.
2a. Spikes with only 1 whorl of flowers; corolla sparsely glandular hairy 2. Leycesteria sinensis
2b. Inflorescence with 2 to several whorls of flowers; corolla outside pubescent or glabrous.
3a. Stipules absent; abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences sparsely adpressed pubescent or subglabrous; corolla outside pubescent ...................................... 1. Leycesteria formosa
3b. Stipule present; abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences densely tomentose; corolla outside glabrous ................................................................................. 3. Leycesteria stipulata
鬼吹箫 gui chui xiao
Leycesteria formosa var. brachysepala Airy-Shaw; L. formosa var. glandulosissima Airy-Shaw; L. formosa var. stenosepala Rehder; L. limprichtii H. Winkler.
Shrubs, 1–5 m tall, often sparsely or densely dark red shortly glandular hairy throughout. Branchlets, petioles, peduncles, bracts, and calyx lobes adpressed pubescent. Petiole 5–12(–15) mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong to ovate, 4–13 × 2–6 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely adpressed-pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially pubescent, more densely so on midvein, base rounded to subcordate or broadly cuneate, margin often entire, sometimes remotely dentate or irregularly sinuate, apex long caudate to acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, 1- to several whorled, with 6 flowers per whorl; peduncle (8–)10–25(–30) mm; bracts leaflike, green, purplish, or purple-red; bracteoles very small, less than 1 mm. Calyx tube oblong, 3–4 mm, densely glandular hairy; limb 5-lobed; lobes orbicular-ovate or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1–9 mm, sometimes 2 longer and remaining 3 shorter. Corolla white or pink, sometimes purple-red, infundibuliform, (1.2–)1.4–1.8 cm, outside pubescent; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 5 mm. Stamens subequaling corolla; anthers oblong. Styles slightly exceeding corolla; stigmas peltate; ovary 5-loculed. Fruit red, turning black-purple, ovoid or subglobose, 5–7 mm in diam., with persistent calyx lobes; seeds numerous, brownish, broadly ellipsoid to oblong, slightly compressed, minute, 1.2–1.5 mm. Fl. (May–)Jun–Sep(–Oct), fr. (Aug–)Sep–Oct. 2n = 18.
Forests, forest margins, scrub; 1100–3500 m. W Guizhou, W Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, ??Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
华鬼吹箫 hua gui chui xiao
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets subherbaceous, glabrous. Petiole ca. 5 mm, pubescent with sparse coarse hairs and glandular hairs; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 2.5–6.5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, ciliate, adaxially pubescent, base rounded or subtruncate, margin dentate, apex long caudate to mucronate. Spikes terminal on branchlets, 1-whorled, composed of 6 flowers; peduncle 5–10 mm, sparsely glandular hairy; bracts 6, leaflike, both sides minutely glandular hairy, lowest pair largest, broadly ovate, 1–2 cm, upper 2 pairs ovate to lanceolate, 8–10 mm; bracteoles lanceolate or oblanceolate, smaller, shorter than calyx tube, shortly glandular hairy. Calyx tube 5–6 mm, with dense, brown-yellow glandular hairs; limb shallowly cupular in lower part, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, (2–)3–5(–7) mm, sparsely minutely glandular hairy and glandular ciliolate. Corolla pink, infundibuliform, 1.3–1.5 cm, outside sparsely minutely glandular hairy; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens subequaling corolla lobes. Ovary 5-loculed; stigmas peltate, slightly exserted from corolla. Fruit red, ovoid-orbicular; seeds numerous, subrounded, ca. 1 mm in diam., minute. Fl. May, fr. Sep.
* Forests, forest margins; 1900–2700 m. Yunnan.
绵毛鬼吹箫 mian mao gui chui xiao
Lonicera stipulata J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 165. 1858; Pentapyxis stipulata (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) J. D. Hooker ex C. B. Clarke.
Shrubs, ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets pubescent, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences densely gray-white lanate. Stipules persistent, conspicuous, suborbicular, 6–8 mm, abaxially lanate, adaxially pubescent; petiole 8–10 mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8–15(–20) × 3.5–6 cm, thickly papery, glabrous and shiny adaxially, veinlets reticulate, conspicuously impressed, midvein and lateral veins raised abaxially, base rounded, inequilateral, margin slightly involute, remotely shallowly dentate, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Spikes axillary, short, 1–3-whorled, with 6 flowers and 6 brown leaflike bracts per whorl; bracts orbicular-ovate to lanceolate, exceeding calyx tube; peduncle short, 8–12 mm. Corolla white, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Fruit ca. 1.9 cm, lanate; seeds brownish yellow, ellipsoid or subglobose, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.
Broad-leaved forests, grassy places; 1300–2000 m. Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar].
纤细鬼吹箫 qian xi gui chui xiao
Lonicera gracilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39(2): 77. 1870.
Shrubs, 1.5–3(–4) m tall. Stipules absent; petiole 6–10 mm, pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 7–12(–18) × 2.5–6.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially strongly glaucous, sparsely pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially sparsely glandular dentate and sparsely ciliate, pubescent at base of midvein, base rounded, truncate or subcordate, margin slightly involute, apex acuminate to long caudate. Spikes terminal or axillary, 1–3-whorled, with 2 flowers, 1 bract, and 2 bracteoles per whorl; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 1/3 or 1/2 as long as calyx tube, sparsely pubescent and glandular ciliate. Calyx tube 5–6 mm, narrower and slender at apex, sometimes pubescent; limb 2.5–3.5 mm, connate and shallowly cupular in lower part; lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, often glandular ciliolate. Corolla white, infundibuliform, 1.5–2 cm; lobes ovate or orbicular-ovate, 5–7 mm. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Ovary (5–)7- or 8(–10)-loculed, with numerous ovules. Fruit red, turning blue-purple, oblong or ellipsoid, 1–1.3 cm; seeds numerous, subrounded, ca. 1 mm in diam., minute. Fl. (Sep–)Oct–Nov(–Dec), fr. (Mar–)Apr–May.
Forests, thickets; 2000–3800 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
西域鬼吹箫 xi yu gui chui xiao
Lonicera glaucophylla J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 165. 1858; Leycesteria glaucophylla var. thibetica (H. J. Wang) J. F. Huang; L. thibetica H. J. Wang.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets of current year herbaceous, sparsely pubescent and shortly glandular hairy; branchlets of previous year subglabrous. Stipules persistent or deciduous, variously shaped, broadly obovate, reniform, suborbicular, or ovate, 3–5(–10) mm, densely pubescent abaxially; petiole short, ca. 4 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–10.5 × 2–6 cm, papery, abaxially densely gray-white pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent and minutely glandular hairy, base rounded, inequilateral, margin slightly involute, sparsely serrate but entire at base, apex acuminate, long acuminate, or mucronate. Inflorescence axillary, 1- or 2-whorled, with 2 flowers per whorl; peduncle short, 5–8 mm; bracts 2, leaflike, ovate to narrowly ovate, bracteoles 4, ovate to narrowly ovate. Calyx tube 1–2 mm, outside sparsely glandular hairy; lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm. Corolla greenish or white; lobes ovate, ca. 4 mm. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Ovary 5-loculed, with numerous ovules. Fruit yellow-green, ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.3–1.4 × ca. 1 cm, long strigose and shortly glandular hairy, 5-loculed, with many seeds per locule; seeds yellowish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or ovoid, small, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar–Sep, fr. Jun–Nov.
Tsuga forest margins; 1800–2600 m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
忍冬 属 ren dong shu
Shrubs erect or dwarf, rarely small trees, sometimes climbers, deciduous or evergreen. Branchlets with white or black-brown pith, sometimes vacant; winter buds with 1 to several pairs of scales, inner scales sometimes enlarged and reflexed, sometimes terminal buds reduced and substituted by 2 lateral buds, very rarely with adventitious buds. Leaves opposite, very rarely verticillate, papery to thickly papery or leathery, margin entire, very rarely dentate or divided, estipulate or very rarely with interpetiolar stipules or linear swellings, sometimes leaves 1 or 2 pairs under inflorescence connate. Flowers usually terminal in pair on axillary peduncles, or sessile and verticillate at apices of branchlets, 3–6 per whorl; each flower pair with a pair of bracts and bracteoles; bracts small or large, leaflike; bracteoles sometimes united and cupular or urceolate and wrapping calyx tube, rarely absent. Two neighboring calyx tubes separate or partly to completely united; limb 5-lobed or sometimes margin of mouth shallowly undulate or annulate, very rarely with caplike emergence. Corolla white, yellow, reddish, or purple-red, campanulate, cylindric, or infundibuliform, regularly or subregularly 5(or 4)-lobed, or bilabiate and upper labium 4-lobed; tube long or short, often swollen on one side at base or shallowly or deeply gibbous, very rarely long calcarate. Stamens 5; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2- or 3(–5)-loculed; styles slender, hairy or glabrous; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry, red, blue-black, or black, with few to numerous seeds; seeds with very rounded embryo.
About 200 species: North America, Europe, Asia, N Africa; ca. 91 species in China [??#endemic].
The identities of Lonicera confusa de Candolle var. glabrocalyx Miau & X. J. Liu (Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 28(4):78. 1989), L. fengkaiensis Miau & X. J. Liu (Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 28(4):78. 1989), L. stenantha Pojarkova var. angustifolia C. Y. Yang & J. H. Fan (J. August 1st Agri. College 18(2): 7. 1995), and L. subrotundata C. Y. Yang & J. H. Fan (J. August 1st Agri. College 18(2): 8. 1995) cannot be determined because of the unavailability of the type specimens for examination. One species, L. sempervirens Linnaeus, is occasionally cultivated.
??What about the following names in their respective provincial floras:
??Lonicera apodantha Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 84. 1934 – Taiwan.
??Lonicera caerulea var. salicifolia Dip. – Nei Mongol.
??Lonicera chrysantha f. villosa Rehder – Liaoning.
??Lonicera chrysantha f. crassipes (Nakai) S. L. Tung in Y. L. Chou, Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 524. 1986 = Lonicera chrysantha var. crassipes Nakai – Liaoning.
??Lonicera chrysantha var. linearifolia S. W. Liu & T. N. Ho, Fl. Qinghai. 3: 511. 1996.
??Lonicera caprifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 173. 1753 – Sichuan.
??Lonicera dielsii – Guizhou.
??Lonicera engleriana – Guizhou.
??Lonicera caucasica subsp. govaniana (Wallich ex de Candolle) H. Hara - ?S Tibet.
??Lonicera cyanocarpa var. porphyrantha Marquand & Shaw, J. Linn. Soc., bot. 48: 187. 1929 – SE Xizang.
??Lonicera henryi var. fulvovillosa Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot.3: 85. 1934.Taiwan: J. Ohwi 2317 (type).
??Lonicera heterophylla var. alpina (Krassn.) Rehder, Syn. Genus Lonicera110. 1903.Sinkiang.
??Lonicera hispida var. bracteata (Royle) Rehder ex Airy-Shaw, Bot. Mag. 157: t. 9360. 1934 – Xizang, China.
??Lonicera hispida var. hirsutior Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou1: 4. 1867.Sinkiang: A. Regel.
??Lonicera hispida var. setosa Hook. f. & Thoms., J. Linn. Soc., Bot.2: 166..Tibet: Ward 5988.
??Lonicera hypoglauca var. heterotricha – Fujian.
??Lonicera infundibulum var. rockii Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor.9: 122. 1928.W Szechuan: 12050.
??Lonicera insularis var. lutescens Skvortzow, China J.23: 389. 1935.Manchuria.
??Lonicera insularis var. mandshurica Skvortzow, China J.23: 389. 1935.Manchuria.
??Lonicera japonica var. aureo-reticulata – Jiangsu.
??Lonicera japonica f. macrantha Matsuda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 307. 1912.Chekiang: Chang 54.
??Lonicera japonica f. macrantha Matsuda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 308. 1912.Chekiang: Honda 1278-1281.
??Lonicera japonica var. sinica Rehder, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 22: 264. 1913.Hunan: 11794, 11200.
??Lonicera koehneana var. poponanthera Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1047. 1936.Szechuan: 2483.
??Lonicera korolkowii var. zabelii Rehder, Syn. Genus Lonicera 131. 1903. Sinkiang: A. Regel, Apr. 15, 1879.
??Lonicera macroptera – Guizhou.
??Lonicera maximowiczii var. sachalinensis Fr. Schmidt – Liaoning.
??Lonicera orientalis var. setchuensis Franch., J. Bot. (Morot)10: 311..Shensi: Giraldi 1465, 1466; Szechuan: Farges.
??Lonicera parvifolia – Guizhou.
??Lonicera pseudoproterantha var. longifolia Pamp., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s.18: 139. 1911.Hupei: Silvestri 3200, 3200a.
??Lonicera pseudoprotherantha var. intermedia Pamp., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s.18: 139. 1911.Hupei: Silvestri 3199, 3199a.
??Lonicera rupicola f. glabrata Suessenguth, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.42: 43. 1937.Kansu: Pater J. Trippner 406.
??Lonicera ruprechtiana var. lanceolata Skvortzow, China J.23: 388. 1935.Manchuria: Kirin & Tengtien.
??Lonicera standishii var. monbeigii W. W. Sm., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh10: 48. 1917.Yunnan: Monbeig 135 (type).
??Lonicera tricalysioides C. Y. Wu ex P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(4): 77. 1979.
??Lonicera trichogyne Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 131. 1911.
??Lonicera trichogyne var. aequipila Hand.-Mazz., Oesterr. Bot. Z.83: 234. 1934.Shansi: Licent 2132.
??Lonicera umbellata – Guizhou.
1a. Flowers solitary, 1- to several verticillate at apices of branchlets, 3–6 per whorl, peduncle present or absent; leaves 1 or 2 pairs under inflorescence connate and discoid at base, very rarely distinct.
2a. Corolla regular or slightly irregular, not labiate; stamens inserted in upper part of corolla tube.
3a. Corolla inside and outside yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm, outside sparsely long stiffly hairy and glandular; calyx tube glandular hairy in upper part, lobes stiffly ciliate ................................ 87. L. subaequalis
3b. Corolla outside red-yellow, inside red, ca. 2 cm, outside glabrous; calyx tube not glandular hairy, lobes not ciliate ............................................................................................. 88. L. carnosifolia
2b. Corolla labiate; stamens inserted at base of labia.
4a. Corolla 5–9 cm; leaves abaxially shortly stiffly hairy or at least densely barbate with transverse short stiff hairs on midvein in lower part, very rarely glabrous ............................ 91. L. tragophylla
4b. Corolla not more than 2.5 cm; leaves abaxially glabrous or adpressed pubescent, not barbate with stiff hairs on midvein.
5a. Leaves 1 or 2 pairs under inflorescence connate and discoid at base; calyx tube glabrous; leaves not ciliate along margin .................................................................... 89. L. yunnanensis
5b. Leaves 1 pair under inflorescence different from other leaves in shape, but not connate and discoid; calyx tube densely villous and minutely glandular hairy; leaves long ciliate along margin 90. L. ciliosissima
1b. Flower pairs at apex of peduncle; two opposite leaves not connate at base, and not discoid.
6a. Climbers, if shrubs prostrate, then leaves leathery.
7a. Corolla tube long calcarate; two neighboring calyx tubes of a flower pair connate; fruit red 63. L. calcarata
7b. Corolla tube not calcarate; two neighboring calyx tubes of a flower pair distinct; fruit black or blue-black.
8a. Shrubs prostrate; leaves leathery, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronate, or slightly emarginate .................................................................................................... 64. L. crassifolia
8b. Climbers.
9a. Young branches, petioles, and peduncle spreading yellow-brown hispid and glandular hairy; leaves at least with two series of rigid ciliae along margin .......................... 72. L. nubium
9b. Plant pubescent or stiffly hairy, never hispid, sometimes glabrous.
10a. Leaves or at least young ones abaxially velutinous, not spaced among hairs.
11a. Young branches densely pubescent, and spreading yellowish brown long stiffly hairy, with hairs longer than 2 mm, or young branches subglabrous.
12a. Corolla shorter than 3 cm; leaves abaxially gray-white tomentose with both long and short soft hairs ................................................. 86. L. similis (var. omeiensis)
12b. Corolla longer than 4 cm.
13a. Calyx lobes triangular, to 1 × 1 mm; leaves abaxially gray-white to gray-yellow tomentose with short soft hairs ....................................... 86. L. similis
13b. Calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate to triangular, longer than wide; leaves stiffly hairy, and gray-white or yellow-white tomentose mainly with short stiff hairs 77. L. macrantha (var. heterotricha)
11b. Young branches tomentose-pubescent or strigillose, but not spreading long stiffly hairy; hairs not longer than 2 mm.
14a. Plant often with gray-white indumentum; reticulate veins of leaves adaxially not impressed, abaxially obviously raised and beehive-like [??honey-comblike].
15a. Bracts sessile, not leaf-like, 2–4 mm; calyx tube glabrous; young branches (or their apices), petioles, and peduncles densely tomentose with short stiff hairs 83. L. macranthoides
15b. Bracts stipitate, leaf-like, longer than 4 mm; calyx tube sparsely pubescent in upper half; young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely gray-white retrosely pubescent ............................................................................ 84. L. buchananii
14b. Young branches, petioles, and inflorescence with yellow-brown or grayish yellow-brown indumentum; reticulate veins of leaves abaxially not raised and thus not beehive-like [??not honey-comblike].
16a. Leaves or at least old ones adaxially with reticulate veins obviously impressed and thus obviously wrinkled; corolla longer than 2.5 cm ..... 85. L. rhytidophylla
16b. Leaves adaxially with reticulate veins not obviously impressed and thus not wrinkled; corolla shorter than 2.5 cm.
17a. Leaves abaxially with veins raised; flower pairs several to more than 10, axillary or terminal in a corymb, very rarely solitary in leaf axils; peduncle 3–15 mm; filaments and styles hairy at bases ........................................ 67. L. inodora
17b. Leaves with veins not raised; flower pairs often solitary in leaf axils or few clustered at apices of branchlets; peduncle very short or absent; filaments and styles glabrous ...................................................................... 69. L. buddleioides
10b. Leaves abaxially glabrous, stiffly hairy, or pubescent, but not velutinous, spaced among hairs.
18a. Labia of corolla very short, ca. 1/8 as long as corolla tube ...... 82. L. bournei
18b. Labia of corolla at least 2/5 as long as corolla tube.
19a. Calyx tube densely pubescent .......................................... 75. L. confusa
19b. Calyx tube glabrous.
20a. Bracts 2–3 cm, leaflike, ovate; peduncle conspicuous; young branches densely spreading stiffly hairy ................................................ 74. L. japonica
20b. Bracts smaller, not leaflike, if so, then peduncle very short or nearly absent.
21a. Bracts much shorter than calyx tube, 1–2 mm, triangular.
22a. Leaves papery; branchlets, petioles, and peduncle densely gray-white pubescent; corolla 2–3.5 mm ............................................ 73. L. dasystyla
22b. Leaves leathery, glabrous; corolla 8–12 cm.
23a. Corolla ca. 8 cm, slender; leaves 4–6.5 cm .. 80. L. longituba
23b. Corolla (9–)10–12 cm; leaves 7–15 cm 81. L. hildebrandiana
21b. Bracts slightly shorter than or exceeding calyx tube.
24a. Corolla shorter than 3 cm.
25a. Peduncle 4–18(–23) mm; calyx lobes glabrous or only ciliate along margin; styles hairy at least below middle part ........ 65. L. acuminata
25b. Peduncle often shorter than 5 mm, sometimes nearly absent; calyx lobes hairy outside and along margin.
26a. Styles densely hairy throughout; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or linear 66. L. trichosepala
26b. Styles glabrous.
27a. Bracts much exceeding calyx lobes in length, sometimes leaflike; peduncle very short or nearly absent; petioles 2–5 mm; leaves on both surfaces often shortly stiffly hairy only on midvein; calyx lobes subtriangular .................................. 68. L. pampaninii
27b. Bracts nearly as long as calyx lobes; peduncle to 7 mm, petioles to 10 mm; leaves on both surfaces densely ferruginous stiffly hairy; calyx lobes linear ..................................... 70. L. ferruginea
24b. Corolla 3–14 cm.
28a. Leaves abaxially with sessile or very shortly stipitate mushroom-shaped orange or orange-red glands; young branches densely gray-yellow or gray-white pubescent ..................................... 76. L. hypoglauca
28b. Leaves without glands, or with stipitate glandular hairs.
29a. Young branches and abaxial surfaces of leaves ± hairy.
30a. Young branches and abaxial surfaces of leaves densely spreading yellow stiffly hairy, hairs shorter than 2 mm 71. L. fulvotomentosa
30b. Young branches densely pubescent, and spreading yellow-brown stiffly hairy, hairs longer than 2 mm ........... 77. L. macrantha
29b. Plant subglabrous.
31a. Pistils and stamens not exserted from corolla; leaves ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate .............................. 78. L. calvescens
31b. Pistils and stamens exserted from corolla; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate ........................................ 79. L. longiflora
6b. Shrub erect, very rarely branches prostrate, never climbing; if shrub prostrate, then leaves membranous, not leathery.
32a. Branchlets with black-brown pith, later becoming hollow with disappearance of pith.
33a. Shrubs prostrate; leaves 1–2 cm ...................................................... 62. L. prostrata
33b. Shrubs erect; leaves longer than 2 cm.
34a. Bracteoles ± connate, ca. 1/2 as long as or equaling calyx tube, apex ± truncate; peduncle shorter than 1 cm, very rarely exceeding petioles.
35a. Calyx limb 5-toothed; teeth broadly triangular or lanceolate, apex acute 60. L. maackii
35b. Calyx limb 2-sect or laciniate only on one side, with very short triangular teeth 61. L. trichosantha
34b. Bracteoles distinct, 1/4–1/2 as long as calyx tube; peduncle usually longer than 1 cm, much exceeding petioles.
36a. Winter buds large, ovate-lanceolate, with 5 or 6 pairs of outer scales; scales densely white ciliate along margin; calyx tube glandular, sometimes sparsely pubescent 59. L. chrysantha
36b. Winter buds small, ovoid, often with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of scales; scales glabrous or ciliate along margin; calyx tube glabrous.
37a. Corolla tube ca. as long as or slightly shorter than labia .......... 56. L. tatarica
37b. Corolla ca. 1/2 as long as labia.
38a. Leaves oblong-obovate or ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (3–)4–6(–10) cm, apex acuminate to acute; calyx lobes ovate-triangular to triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, not ciliate .............................................. 57. L. ruprechtiana
38b. Leaves obovate to elliptic, 2–4.5 cm, apex obtuse and mucronate, or acute; calyx lobes broadly ovate or suborbicular, ca. 1/8 as long as calyx tube, often ciliate 58. L. brevisepala
32b. Branchlets with white, solid pith.
39a. Corolla tube not swollen at base, longer than 5 equal or subequal corolla lobes.
40a. Leaves often verticillate, 3 or 4 per whorl, or some opposite; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla 5-lobed ..................................................................................................... 7. L. rupicola
40b. Leaves opposite; calyx lobes ovate to ovate-triangular or suborbicular, if lanceolate or subulate, then corolla 4-lobed.
41a. Stigmas exserted from corolla tube.
42a. Branchlets not spine-like at apices after leaves fall; two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair 1/2 or nearly completely connate .................................. 6. L. tomentella
42b. Branchlets usually spine-like at apices after leaves fall; two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct.
43a. Anthers nearly as long as filaments; plant ca. 60 cm tall ...... 9. L. spinosa
43b. Anthers obviously shorter than filaments; plant to 1.5 m tall . 10. L. alberti
41b. Stigmas inserted.
44a. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct.
45a. Bracteoles distinct; corolla campanulate, lobes ca. 1/2 as long as tube; leaves abaxially adpressed pubescent .................................................. 1. L. codonantha
45b. Bracteoles connate and cupular; corolla tubular, lobes ca. 1/7 as long as tube; leaves glabrous ...................................................................... 2. L. tubuliflora
44b. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair connate.
46a. Branchlets usually spine-like at apices after leaves fall; anthers slightly exserted from corolla tube ........................................................................ 8. L. minuta
46b. Branchlets not spine-like at apices after leaves fall; anthers inserted.
47a. Corolla outside strigillose; leaves strigillose on both surfaces 3. L. minutifolia
47b. Corolla outside glabrous; leaves glabrous or very rarely sparsely strigillose abaxially or only on midvein.
48a. Young branches with straight minute coarse hairs or glabrous; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, sometimes suborbicular, broadly elliptic to oblong, 0.5–2 cm; corolla 5-lobed ........................................ 4. L. myrtillus
48b. Young branches pubescent; leaves narrower and longer, ovate-oblong to oblong or linear-oblong, (1–)2–5 cm; corolla 4- or 5-lobed .. 5. L. angustifolia
39b. Corolla tube ± swollen or obviously saccate at base.
49a. Winter buds with only 1 pair of outer scales, if with several outer scales, then bracteoles connate and cupular, outside densely glandular hairy.
50a. Bracteoles connate, urceolate or cupular, completely or partly surrounding two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair.
51a. Bracteoles connate and urceolate, glabrous, becoming fleshy and not dehiscent when fruit matures; corolla tubular-infundibuliform, regular or subregular 36. L. caerulea
51b. Bracteoles connate, cupular or urceolate, outside hairy, not becoming fleshy, dehiscent when fruit matures; corolla labiate.
52a. Bracteoles connate and urceolate, completely surrounding two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair, outside densely straight stiffly hairy when young, dehiscent when fruit matures ................................................................................. 37. L. ferdinandii
52b. Bracteoles connate and cupular, not completely surrounding two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair, outside densely glandular hairy, dehiscent before fruit matures 38. L. hypoleuca
50b. Bracteoles not as above.
53a. Winter buds with a pair of connate, caplike, longitudinally wrinkled outer scales.
54a. Styles short, ca. 1/2 as long as corolla tube.
55a. Flowers opening at same time as leaves; flowering in June; corolla yellowish green, nearly labiate; styles minutely stiffly hairy ................ 39. L. sublabiata
55b. Flowers opening before leaves; flowering in March–April; corolla white, reddish, or rose, regular or subregular; styles glabrous.
56a. Calyx limb shorter than calyx tube; leaves often undulate or toothed 40. L. setifera
56b. Calyx limb ca. 2 × longer than calyx tube; leaves entire 41. L. fragilis
54b. Styles ca. as long as or longer than corolla tube.
57a. Stamens not exceeding corolla tube; corolla 3–4 cm; calyx limb very wide and large, 4–5 mm ............................................................. 47. L. stephanocarpa
57b. Stamens exceeding corolla tube; corolla 1.5–3 cm; calyx limb not very wide.
58a. Corolla tube ca. 1/2 as long as corolla lobes; calyx lobes unequal in size 42. L. anisocalyx
58b. Corolla tube longer than corolla lobes; calyx lobes equal in size or absent.
59a. Shrubs erect, 1–2(–3) m tall; calyx limb not obviously toothed.
60a. Young branches, petioles, abaxial surfaces of leaves, peduncles, and bracts densely minutely stiffly hairy; calyx tube glabrous; fruit blue-black 43. L. cyanocarpa
60b. Leaves at least abaxially not minutely stiffly hairy; calyx tube often hispid and glandular hairy; fruit red ................................. 44. L. hispida
59b. Shrubs dwarf, prostrate, ca. 20 cm tall; calyx limb obviously toothed.
61a. Styles hairy below middle part; branchlets and petioles pubescent; bracts outside pubescent ....................................... 45. L. oreodoxa
61b. Styles glabrous; branchlets and petioles minutely stiffly hairy and glandular hairy; bracts outside glabrous ...................... 46. L. semenovii
53b. Winter buds with several pairs of distinct, decussate scales, sometimes lowest pair ca. as long as bud body, covering other scales, but never longitudinally wrinkled.
62a. Corolla subregular or slightly not regular, but not labiate; two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct; hairs without a nodular base.
63a. Flowers opening before leaves; corolla lobes ca. 2 × longer than corolla tube; stamens exceeding corolla lobes ......................................... 48. L. praeflorens
63b. Flowers opening at same time as or after leaves; corolla tube ca. 2 × longer than corolla lobes; stamens not exceeding corolla lobes.
64a. Flower pair and its two bracts all developed; calyx limb 1–2 mm, obtusely toothed ................................................................................. 49. L. elisae
64b. One flower of flower pair and its bract all reduced; calyx limb shorter than 0.5 mm, truncate or shallowly undulate ............................ 50. L. subhispida
62b. Corolla labiate; two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair connate, if distinct, then plant with dense minute stiff hairs with nodular bases.
65a. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair 1/2 or completely connate.
66a. Young branches and petioles densely minutely stiffly hairy and strigose; leaves 1–2.2 cm .............................................................. 54. L. mucronata
66b. Young branches and petioles glabrous or sparsely strigose; leaves 3–7(–8.5) cm 55. L. fragrantissima
65b. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct.
67a. Corolla tube narrowly infundibuliform, equaling or subequaling corolla lobes in length; leaves 2–6.5 cm .................................................. 53. L. altmannii
67b. Corolla tube narrowly cylindric, 1.5–2 × as long as corolla lobes; leaves 0.6–2 cm.
68a. Leaves abaxially gray velutinous, often long stiffly hairy on veins 51. L. cinerea
68b. At least old leaves abaxially glabrous or only strigillose on veins 52. L. humilis
49b. Winter buds with several to numerous pairs of outer scales; bracteoles distinct or connate, sometimes absent, if connate and cupular, then not glandular hairy outside.
69a. Calyx limb with caplike emergence.
70a. Leaves papery, 5–10(–13.5) cm, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, abaxially densely white villous on midvein ................. 32. L. gynochlamydea
70b. Leaves papery, thinly leathery, or leathery, 1–6(–15) cm, suborbicular to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, very rarely acute, abaxially not villous on midvein.
71a. Leaves with midvein obviously raised, base usually cuneate 35. L. pileata
71b. Leaves with midvein impressed or at least flat adaxially, base often rounded to broadly cuneate.
72a. Leaves papery, adaxially not nitid, margin obviously rigidly ciliate; corolla lobes ca. 1/2 as long as tube ..................................................... 33. L. virgultorum
72b. Leaves thinly leathery or leathery, adaxially nitid, margin glabrous or sparsely rigidly ciliate; corolla lobes 1/4–1/2 as long as tube ............... 34. L. ligustrina
69b. Calyx limb without caplike emergence.
73a. Corolla with 5 subequal lobes; if corolla labiate, then winter buds not 4-angular, inner scales neither accrescent nor reflexed when young branches elongate.
74a. Corolla labiate; labia nearly as long as tube.
75a. Leaves membranous, both surfaces adpressed pubescent 15. L. microphylla
75b. Leaves leathery, both surfaces with stiff hairs with nodular bases 16. L. oiwakensis
74b. Corolla lobes subequal, or slightly unequal, but absolutely not labiate, shorter than tube.
76a. Anthers with short stiff hairs ..................................... 13. L. serreana
76b. Anthers glabrous.
77a. Bracts ovate-lanceolate; fruit black .................... 11. L. kawakamii
77b. Bracts subulate to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; fruit red.
78a. Young branches, leaves, peduncles, bracts, and flowers glabrous; peduncle shorter than 1 cm .......................................... 14. L. litangensis
78b. Young branches, leaves, peduncles, bracts, and flowers ± hairy; peduncle longer ...................................................................... 12. L. tangutica
73b. Corolla labiate; winter buds 4-angular, otherwise inner scales accrescent and reflexed when young branches elongate.
79a. Winter buds not 4-angular, inner scales accrescent and reflexed when young branches elongate.
80a. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct.
81a. Bracteoles 2 pairs, distinct; winter buds with more than 3 pairs of outer scales.
82a. Leaves sparsely or densely stiffly hairy and sparsely glandular on both surfaces; petioles 3–6(–8) mm; winter buds with 5 pairs of outer scales 17. L. webbiana
82b. Leaves subglabrous; petioles 5–12 mm; winter buds with 3 pairs of outer scales ................................................................. 18. L. heterophylla
81b. Bracteoles connate and cupular; winter buds with 2 pairs of outer scales.
83a. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and peduncles densely white pubescent; leaves oblong, obovate-oblong, or ovate-oblong, 2.5–5.5 × 1–2.4 cm; petioles 3–6 mm .............................................................. 21. L. jilongensis
83b. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and peduncles shortly glandular hairy; leaves triangular-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2.5–5.3 × 2.5–5.3; petioles 1.5–2.5 cm 22. L. oblata
80b. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair ca. 1/2 or completely connate.
84a. Bracteoles distinct; bracts leaflike, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 6–17 mm; young branches, petioles, and peduncles white stiffly hairy and glandular hairy; peduncle 3–4(–5) cm ............................................. 19. L. fargesii
84b. Bracteoles connate and cupular, with 4 shallow, orbicular lobes; bracts not leaflike, subulate, 3–5 mm; young branches, petioles, and peduncles sparsely glandular hairy, glabrescent; peduncle (5–)8–23 mm .................. 20. L. hemsleyana
79b. Winter buds 4-angular, inner scales not obviously accrescent when branchlets elongate.
85a. Peduncles (or fruit stalks) usually ca. as long as or slightly longer than petioles; fruit red or black.
86a. Leaves powdery-white, often strigillose, 1–2.5 cm; fruit black; young branches, petioles, and peduncles glabrous ................................ 25. L. retusa
86b. Leaves abaxially not powdery-white, pubescent, 2–8.5 cm; fruit red.
87a. Calyx tube glandular in upper part; corolla tube ca. as long as or slightly shorter than labia; young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely pubescent 23. L. modesta
87b. Calyx tube not glandular; corolla tube short, ca. 1/2 as long as labia; young branches, petioles, and peduncles sparsely pubescent or glabrous 24. L. graebneri
85b. Peduncles (or fruit stalks) often obviously longer than petioles; fruit black.
88a. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair distinct or ca. 1/2 connate.
89a. Leaves glabrous; flowers white, later turning yellow 28. L. nervosa
89b. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces or abaxially white barbate only on midvein; flowers purplish or purple-red.
90a. Leaves abaxially white barbate only on midvein; peduncle (1.5–)2–3 cm 26. L. nigra
90b. Leaves sparsely pubescent on both surfaces; peduncle usually shorter than 1.5 cm ........................................................... 27. L. lanceolata
88b. Two neighboring calyx tubes of flower pair more than 1/2 connate.
91a. Calyx lobes lanceolate, equaling or slightly exceeding tube 29. L. kansuensis
91b. Calyx lobes broadly triangular to triangular-lanceolate, shorter than tube.
92a. Leaves abaxially initially gray-white velutinous, glabrescent, margin not ciliate; calyx lobes narrow and long, triangular-lanceolate 30. L. tatarinowii
92b. Leaves abaxially sparsely strigose or subglabrous, margin ciliate; calyx lobes short, broadly triangular ......................... 31. L. maximowiczii
钟花忍冬 zhong hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to ca. 1 m tall. Young branches reddish brown, together with petioles densely adpressed yellowish brown puberulous to subglabrous; old branches gray-brown. Winter buds with ca. 4 pairs of scales. Leaves very shortly petiolate; leaf blade dark green adaxially, broadly ovate-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1–2 × 0.6–1.2 cm, papery, abaxially densely adpressed puberulous, midvein impressed [abaxially or adaxially??], sparsely puberulous [midvein or adaxially??], base rounded or subcuneate, margin revolute, apex rounded or obtuse and mucronate. Flowers at bases of branchlets of current year; peduncle ca. 2 mm, glabrous; bracts ovate-lanceolate or obovate, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx tube, abaxially puberulous, sparsely ciliate; bracteoles separate, suborbicular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, glabrous. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, subglobose, ca. 1 mm; limb shorter than calyx tube; calyx lobes ovate, glabrous, apex slightly obtuse. Corolla white, tinged with pink, campanulate, outside glabrous; tube 6–7 mm, inside puberulous above middle; lobes ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Stamens inserted in lower 1/3 of corolla tube, slightly exceeding middle of corolla in length, glabrous. Styles shorter than stamens, glabrous; ovary 3-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jul–Aug.
* Sunny rocky slopes; ca. 3500 m. SW Yunnan (Zhenkang).
管花忍冬 guan hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall, subglabrous throughout except young branches minutely adpressed puberulous and minutely glandular hairy and young leaves sparsely glandular ciliolate. Petiole shorter than 1 mm; leaf blade blue-green adaxially, oblong or oblong-ovate, 5–12(–17) × 2–3 mm, papery, abaxially glaucous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse. Flowers fragrant, axillary on upper or middle part of young branches; peduncle erect, short, equaling or slightly exceeding petioles; bracts leaflike, stipitate, linear-oblong, to 5 mm, 2–3 × as long as calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, apex often truncate, 1/2–2/3 as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm; calyx lobes ovate or triangular-ovate, unequal in shape, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, glabrous or sometimes sparsely glandular ciliolate, apex obtuse. Corolla white or yellowish, tubular; tube 8–10 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm in diam., margin of mouth slightly constricted, inside villous throughout; lobes spreading, orbicular-ovate, ca. 1/7 as long as tube; anthers slightly above middle of corolla tube. Stigmas below anthers. Ovary 2-loculed. Fruit red or red-brown, ovoid or globose, ca. 4 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep.
* Scrub; 2100–3100 m. NW Sichuan.
细叶忍冬 xi ye ren dong
Subshrubs, deciduous, richly branched, to 50 cm tall, both surfaces of leaves, bracts, bracteoles, and margin of calyx lobes orange-red ciliolate. Branchlets of current year purple-brown or gray-brown, with spreading short coarse hairs; old branches gray-black, divaricate-spreading; outer scales of winter buds ovoid, ca. 1 mm, dorsally carinate, apex obtuse. Leaves clustered at apices of young branchlets; petiole to 1 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong, 5–9 × 3–6 mm, both surfaces densely strigillose and with scattered orange-red small glandular hairs, base obtuse, margin with short coarse hairs, apex rounded or obtuse. Peduncle very short; bracts leaflike, oblanceolate, 1.2–1.5 mm, stipitate, with same indumentum as leaves; bracteoles cupular, shorter than 1 mm, apex irregularly truncate, ciliolate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 1.2 mm; limb shorter than tube; lobes ovate-triangular, very short, margin ciliolate, apex obtuse. Corolla white, tubular, 5–7 mm; tube 3–5 mm, 2–3 mm in diam., outside densely strigillose, inside densely puberulous; lobes suborbicular, subequal, 1.5–2 mm. Stamens inserted in upper part of corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers up to throat of corolla. Styles ca. 2/5 as long as corolla tube. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Aug.
[??*] Scrub; 3700–4400 m. Xizang [??Nepal].
越桔叶忍冬 yue ju ye ren dong
Subshrubs, deciduous, richly branched, to 3 m tall; leaves, petioles, and bracts (sometimes bracteoles and calyx lobes) often sparsely red-brown glandular ciliolate. Young branches gray-brown or tinged with red-purple, with straight minute coarse hairs or glabrous, sometimes mixed with minute glandular hairs; old branches erect or prostrate, gray-brown or gray-black; winter buds with several pairs of acute scales. Petiole 1–2 mm, glabrous or very rarely with minute coarse hairs; leaf blade highly variable in shape, those of short branches often obovate to obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, sometimes oblong to broadly elliptic or ovate, 0.5–2 cm × 3–8 mm, papery or thickly so, glabrous, very rarely with scattered short coarse hairs abaxially or only on midvein, often with very small rusty punctuate dots abaxially on old leaves, base cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded and often mucronate or cuspidate. Peduncles axillary on lateral short branches, 1–15 mm, glabrous or minutely coarse hairy; bracts leaflike, often exceeding calyx lobes in length; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/2 as long as or equaling calyx tube, apex truncate or shallowly dentate, sometimes 2-lobed. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united above middle or throughout; limb shallowly cupular; lobes triangular or ovate-triangular, often unequal, apex obtuse or sometimes slightly acute. Corolla white, purplish, or purple-red, tubular-campanulate, 6–8 mm, outside glabrous; tube inside puberulous, more densely hairy on throat; lobes orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, 1/4 or 1/2 as long as tube. Stamens and styles included; anthers ca. 1 mm, up to above corolla tube and slightly below throat. Styles shorter; stigmas up to middle of corolla tube or 1/3 of upper part. Fruit purple-red, suborbicular, 4–6 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, ovoid to oblong, compressed, 2–3 mm. Fl. May–Jun(–Jul), fr. Aug–Sep.
Scrub, sparse forests, stony places of river valleys; 2400–4000(–4700) m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, ??Bhutan, ??Kashmir, N Myanmar].
1a.. Leaves and bracts narrower, obovate or ovate to oblanceolate or lanceolate ...... 4a. var. myrtillus
1b.. Leaves and bracts wider, suborbicular or orbicular-ovate to broadly elliptic ... 4b. var. cyclophylla
越桔叶忍冬 (原变种) yue ju ye ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium parvifolium Kuntze; Lonicera angustifolia Wallich ex de Candolle var. rhododactyla W. W. Smith; L. myrtillus J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. depressa Rehder.
Leaves and bracts narrower, obovate or ovate to oblanceolate or lanceolate.
Scrub, sparse forests, rocky places; 2400–4000(–4700) m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, N Myanmar].
圆叶忍冬yuan ye ren dong
Leaves and bracts wider, suborbicular or orbicular-ovate to broadly elliptic.
* Rocky places; 3000–4000 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
狭叶忍冬 xia ye ren dong
Caprifolium angustifolium (Wallich ex de Candolle) Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, 1–3 m tall. Young branches brownish, pubescent or subglabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong or linear-oblong, (1–)2–5 × 0.6–1.3 cm, both surfaces glabrous, or abaxially often sparsely pubescent or only hairy on midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse or acuminate. Peduncle axillary, 0.5–3 cm; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6–10 mm, often exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles connate and cupular, apex obtuse or sinuous. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes connate nearly throughout; lobes ovate-triangular to narrowly triangular. Corolla white or purplish, tubular-campanulate, outside glabrous, 4- or 5-lobed; lobes ovate-orbicular, 1/5–1/4 as long as tube. Stamens and stigmas included. Fruit red, globose. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 18.
Forests, scrub; 2700–4500 m. S Xizang [??Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal].
毛冠忍冬 mao guan ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and peduncles densely yellowish brown tomentose; branchlets of current year brownish, branchlets of previous year purple-brown or gray-brown. Petiole longer than 2 mm; leaf blade abaxially gray-green or glaucous, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.6–1.5 cm, abaxially pubescent or glabrous, more densely so on midvein, adaxially sparsely strigillose, lateral veins 4, 5, 7, or 8 pairs, together with midvein with scattered orange-red minute glands, base cuneate to slightly cordate, margin revolute, apex obtuse. Peduncle very short, less than 2 mm, to 4 mm at fruiting stage; bracts large, leaflike, ovate to linear-oblong, to 7 mm; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, glabrous. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united to more than half, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; limb ca. 1 mm; calyx lobes ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla purplish red, tubular-infundibuliform, outside strigillose; tube ca. 8 mm, inside strigillose; lobes subequal, orbicular-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens inserted in upper part of corolla tube, unequal in length. Stigmas large, up to base of corolla lobes. Fruit blue-black, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep.
Forests, scrub; 2000–3200 m. Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Bhutan, NE India (Sikkim), ??Nepal].
1a.. Leaves gray-green, densely pubescent; lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs .................... 6a. var. tomentella
1b.. Leaves glaucous, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs . 6b. var. tsarongensis
毛冠忍冬 (原变种) mao guan ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium tomentellum (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Kuntze; Lonicera tomentella J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. conaensis P. S. Hsu & Y. F. Huang.
Leaf blade gray-green abaxially, densely pubescent, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs.
Forests, scrub; 2900–3000 m. Xizang, NW Yunnan [NE India (Sikkim)].
察瓦龙忍冬cha wa long ren dong
Leaf blade often glaucous abaxially, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs.
* Forests, scrub; 2000–3200 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
岩生忍冬 yan sheng ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 1.5(–2.5) m tall, sometimes only 10–20 cm tall at high elevations. Young branchlets and petioles white pubescent and minutely glandular hairy, or subglabrous; branchlets slender, often needle-like when leaves deciduous, sometimes elongated and prostrate. Leaves 3(or 4)-verticillate, rarely opposite; petiole to 3 mm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to oblong, 0.5–3.7 cm, papery, abaxially white velutinous, sparsely pubescent, or glabrous, adaxially glabrous or minutely glandular hairy, base cuneate to rounded or subtruncate, inequilateral, margin revolute, apex acute, slightly mucronate, or obtuse. Flowers axillary at bases of young branches, fragrant; peduncle very short; bracts, bracteoles, and margins of calyx lobes minutely puberulous and with minute glands; bracts leaflike, linear-lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, slightly exceeding calyx lobes; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/2 as long as or equaling calyx tube, apex truncate or 4-lobed or divided to middle, sometimes completely separate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes narrowly lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm, exceeding tube. Corolla purplish or purple-red, tubular-campanulate, (8–)10–15 mm, outside often puberulous and minutely glandular hairy; tube 1.5–2 × as long as lobes, inside puberulous, particularly so in upper part; lobes spreading, ovate, 3–4 mm, 1/5–1/2 as long as tube. Anthers up to middle of corolla tube. Styles up to half of corolla tube, glabrous. Fruit red, ellipsoid, ca. 8 mm; seeds brownish, oblong, compressed, ca. 4 mm. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
[??*] Alpine scrub and meadows, margins of scree slopes, grasslands at forest margins; 2000–5000 m. Gansu, S Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Bhutan, ??Nepal].
1a.. Leaves abaxially usually white velutinous ........................................................ 7a. var. rupicola
1b.. Leaves abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent ........................................ 7b. var. syringantha
岩生忍冬 (原变种) yan sheng ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium rupicolum (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Kuntze; Lonicera rupicola J. D. Hooker & Thomson subsp. thibetica (Bureau & Franchet) Y. C. Tang; L. rupicola var. thibetica (Bureau & Franchet) Zabel; L. thibetica Bureau & Franchet.
Leaves abaxially usually white velutinous.
* Alpine scrub and meadows, margins of scree slopes, grasslands at forest margins; 2100–5000 m. Gansu, S Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
红花岩生忍冬 hong hua yan sheng ren dong
Lonicera syringantha Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 24: 49. 1878; L. rupicola subsp. syringantha (Maximowicz) Y. C. Tang; L. syringantha var. minor Maximowicz; L. syringantha subsp. syringantha (Maximowicz) Y. C. Tang, nom. invalid??; L. syringantha var. wolfii Rehder; L. wolfii (Rehder) K. S. Hao.
Leaves abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
* Scrub, forest margins; 2000–4600 m. Gansu, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
矮生忍冬 ai sheng ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, richly branched, dwarf, to 30 cm tall; branchlets of current year mostly withered in winter; young branches, both surfaces of leaves or at least adaxial surface, petioles, and bracts coarsely hairy. Branchlets yellowish brown, needle-like when leaves deciduous, old branches gray-brown. Leaves opposite; petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade linear or linear-oblanceolate, those of short branches often wider and linear-oblong to ovate-oblong, 5–12 × 2–3 mm, midvein raised abaxially, conspicuously impressed adaxially, base cuneate or rounded to subtruncate, margin ± revolute, apex obtuse. Flowers in lower part of branchlets of current year, fragrant; peduncle nearly absent; bracts leaflike, linear-lanceolate to linear, subequaling calyx lobes; bracteoles cupular, 2-lobed, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx lobes, apex subtruncate, together with calyx lobes ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, 1.5–2 mm; limb shallowly cupular, subequaling tube; lobes ovate-triangular or narrowly ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla purplish red, tubular-infundibuliform, ca. 1.4 mm; tube ca. 1 cm, inside puberulous, and so at middle and lower parts of lobes; lobes subovate, ± unequal, 3.5–4 mm. Filaments inserted at mouth of corolla tube, very short; anthers ca. 2 mm, slightly exceeding corolla tube. Styles included, ca. 7 mm. Fruit ovoid or subglobose, ca. 7 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Rocky crevices, sand dunes; 3200–3800 m. W Gansu, Qinghai.
棘枝忍冬 ji zhi ren dong
Caprifolium spinosum (Jacquemont ex Walpers) Kuntze; Xylosteum spinosum (Jacquemont ex Walpers) Decaisne.
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, to 60 cm tall, often with spine-like, leafless branchlets. Branchlets of current year coarsely hairy; winter buds with several pairs of scales. Leaves opposite; petiole very short, slightly coarse hairy along margin; leaf blade linear to linear-oblong, those of short branches often wider and oblong or obovate, 4–12 × 1–2 mm, glabrous throughout but slightly coarsely hairy along margin, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin revolute, apex obtuse. Flowers axillary on short branches; peduncle very short; bracts leaflike, linear to linear-oblong, often exceeding calyx lobes; bracteoles cupular, more than 1/2 as long as calyx tube, apex subtruncate, often 2-lobed. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate; limb cupular, ca. 1.5 mm; lobes orbicular-ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla purplish red, later white, tubular-infundibuliform; tube ca. 9 mm, slender; lobes ovate-oblong, ca. 4 mm. Filaments slightly below mouth of corolla tube; anthers exserted from corolla tube, equaling filaments. Styles exserted. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep.
Scrub, scree slopes, often mixed with Caragana plants; 3700–4600 m. Xizang [??Afghanistan, ??India (Sikkim), Kashmir].
沼生忍冬 zhao sheng ren dong
Chamaecerasus alberti (Regel) Carrière; Lonicera spinosa Jacquemont ex Walpers var. albertii (Regel) Rehder.
Shrubs, deciduous, 1–1.5 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets prostrate, slender. Petiole short; leaf blade powdery-green or blue-green, linear-oblong, to 3 cm, margin entire or often basally 1- or 2-dentate, apex slightly obtuse. Peduncle axillary, shorter than flowers. Corolla slightly rose, ca. 1.6 cm. Stamens subequaling corolla; anthers conspicuously shorter than filaments. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
Scrub in wetlands; ca. 1700 m. N Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan].
[No specimens were seen. The description must be rewritten based on specimens].
玉山忍冬 yu shan ren dong
Coprosma kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31(1) (Mat. Fl. Formos.): 145. 1911.
Subshrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, covered with remains of petiole bases. Petiole 1–2 mm; leaf blade obovate, very small, 6–16 × 3–5 mm, papery, abaxially sparsely strigillose or subglabrous on veins, adaxially glabrous, midvein and lateral veins slightly raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lateral veins ca. 4 pairs, base cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers opening after leaves; peduncle axillary, slightly arched, 2–5 mm, slender, glabrous; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 mm, exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, ca. 1/4 as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united to more than 2/3; limb very short, undulate-crenate or subtruncate. Corolla yellowish, tubular-infundibuliform, ca. 4 mm, both surfaces glabrous; lobes subregular, ovate, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Stamens inserted at middle and lower parts of corolla tube; anthers up to throat of corolla. Ovary 2-loculed, ovule 1 per locule; styles slightly exceeding corolla tube, puberulous. Fruit black, globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. ??, fr. ??.
* Mountains; ca. 1300 m. Taiwan.
No specimens were seen.
唐古特忍冬 tang gu te ren dong
Caprifolium tanguticum (Maximowicz) Kuntze; Lonicera aemulans Rehder; L. chlamydata W. W. Smith; L. chlamydophora W. W. Smith (1913), not K. Koch (1851); L. cylindriflora Handel-Mazzetti; L. fangii S. S. Chien; L. flavipes Rehder; L. glandulifera S. S. Chien; L. guebriantiana Handel-Mazzetti; L. inconspicua Batalin; L. kungeana K. S. Hao; L. longa Rehder; L. penduliflora Pax & K. Hoffmann; L. saccata Rehder; L. saccata f. calva Rehder; L. saccata var. tangiana (S. S. Chien) P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang; L. saccata f. wilsonii Rehder; L. schneideriana Rehder; L. serpyllifolia Rehder; L. shensiensis (Rehder) Rehder; L. szechuanica Batalin; L. taipeiensis P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang; L. tangiana S. S. Chien; L. tangutica var. glabra Batalin; ??L. trichopoda Franchet; L. trichopoda Franchet var. shensiensis Rehder; L. wulingensis Nakai.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2(–4) m tall. Young branches pubescent or glabrous, sometimes mixed with short glandular hairs; branchlets of previous year brownish; winter buds acuminate or acute; scales 2–4 pairs, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with short stiff hairs, ciliate, or glabrous, apex acuminate or acute. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate to oblong or obovate to elliptic, 1–4(–8) × 0.5–2 cm, papery, both surfaces pubescent, sometimes subglabrous or glabrous, base attenuate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Peduncle axillary on lower part of young branches, slightly nodding, 1–3(–4.5) cm, slender, pubescent or glabrous; bracts narrow, sometimes leaflike, slightly shorter than or slightly exceeding calyx lobes; bracteoles separate or united, 1/5–1/4 as long as calyx tube, ciliate or not. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united to above middle or completely united, elliptic or oblong, 2(–4) mm, glabrous or pubescent; limb cupular, 2/5–1/2 as long as or equaling tube, apex dentate or undulate to truncate, sometimes ciliate. Corolla white, yellow-white, or tinged reddish, tubular-infundibuliform, (8–)10–13 mm, swollen or shallowly gibbous slightly on one side at base of tube, outside glabrous or sometimes with sparse stiff hairs; lobes suberect, orbicular-ovate, 2–3 mm. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube. Styles exceeding corolla lobes, glabrous or with sparse spreading stiff hairs on middle and lower parts. Fruit red, 5–6 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, ovoid or oblong, 2–2.5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.
[??*] Forests, grasslands on mountain slopes, scrub at stream sides; 1600–3500(–3900) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, W Hubei, W Hunan, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Myanmar].
This is the most highly variable species of Chinese Lonicera. Further studies are needed for a satisfactory taxonomic treatment.
毛药忍冬 mao yao ren dong
Lonicera hopeiensis S. S. Chien.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall, pubescent throughout except on calyx tube. Branchlets of current year purple-brown, pubescent or glabrous; old branches gray; winter buds acuminate; scales 2 or 3 pairs, lanceolate, apex acuminate or ± acute, ciliate. Petiole very short, 1–3 mm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, (1–)1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm, papery, both surfaces pubescent, base cuneate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Peduncle solitary, axillary on lower part of young branches, slightly nodding, 5–20 mm, pubescent or glabrous; bracts ovate-lanceolate or ovate, subequaling or slightly exceeding calyx tube, ciliate, outside pubescent on midvein; bracteoles 2 or absent, orbicular-ovate to obovate or suborbicular, 1/3–2/3 as long as calyx tube, outside sparsely pubescent or glabrous, apex rounded, obtuse, or acute, ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes 1/2 to completely united, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous; limb cupular, ½–3/5 as long as tube; lobes small, irregularly undulate, sparsely pubescent or ciliate. Corolla yellow-white, pinkish, or purple, tubular or tubular-infundibuliform, 1–1.3 cm, swollen or shallowly gibbous slightly on one side at base; lobes erect, ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm, outside and along margin sometimes pubescent. Anthers equaling or slightly exceeding corolla lobes, with short stiff hairs. Styles exserted, with sparse stiff hairs throughout or only on middle and lower parts. Fruit red, orbicular, 5–6 mm in diam., with 4 longitudinal ridges. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Scrub, forests; 800–2800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
理塘忍冬 li tang ren dong
Lonicera farreri W. W. Smith; L. oresbia W. W. Smith; L. rockii Rehder.
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, to 1–2 m tall, richly branched, glabrous throughout. Branchlets of previous year brown, internodes extremely shortened, covered with remains of petiole bases; winter buds obtuse at apex; scales 2–4 pairs, apex obtuse or ± acute. Petiole short; leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic to obovate, 6–12 × 5–9 mm, papery, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or mucronulate. Flowers opening with leaves simultaneously, often axillary on short branches; peduncle very short or nearly absent; bracts leaflike, ovate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, large, 5–8 mm, exceeding calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes completely united and globose, 2–3 mm; lobes broadly triangular or undulate, apex obtuse. Corolla yellow or yellowish, tubular or narrowly infundibuliform, 1–1.3 cm, outside glabrous, shallowly gibbous at base on one side of tube; lobes erect, orbicular-ovate, ca. 2 mm. Anthers subequaling or slightly exceeding corolla lobes. Ovary 3-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles included or slightly exserted, puberulous on lower part. Fruit red, becoming gray-blue, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam.; seeds ellipsoid or oblong, 4–5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
[??*] Scrub, grasslands, forests, forest margins; 3000–4500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Bhutan, ??Nepal].
小叶忍冬 xiao ye ren dong
Caprifolium microphyllum (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Kuntze; Xylosteum sieversianum Ruprecht.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2(–3) m tall. Young branches glabrous or sparsely pubescent; old branches gray-black. Petiole very short; leaf blade adaxially often gray-white, obovate or obovate-elliptic to elliptic or oblong, sometimes oblanceolate, 5–22 × 5–13 mm, papery, both surfaces densely or sparsely adpressed puberulous or sometimes subglabrous, often with scaly glands in vein axils on lower part, base cuneate, [margin??] pubescent-ciliate, apex obtuse or ± acute, sometimes rounded to obtuse and mucronulate. Peduncles in pair, axillary on lower part of young branches, slightly curved or nodding, 5–12 mm; bracts subulate, slightly exceeding calyx limb or to 2 × as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes ± completely united, glabrous; limb shallow, short, undulate; lobes inconspicuous. Corolla yellow or white, 7–10(–14) mm, outside with sparse short stiff hairs or glabrous, bilabiate; labia subequaling corolla tube, gibbous at base on one side; lobes of upper labium erect, oblong; lower labium curved. Stamens inserted at base of labium, together with styles slightly exserted; filaments with very sparse, short, stiff hairs. Styles with dense or sparse stiff hairs. Fruit red or orange-yellow, orbicular, 5–6 mm in diam.; seeds yellowish brown, oblong or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. Fl. May–Jun(–Jul), fr. Jul–Aug(–Sep). 2n = 18.
Rocky slopes, grasslands, thickets, sparse forests, forest margins; 1100–3600(–4100) m. Gansu, W Hebei, ??Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, NW India, Mongolia, Russia].
瘤基忍冬 liu ji ren dong
Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets and both surfaces of leaves with stiff hairs with nodular bases; branchlets spreading, gray. Petiole 2–3 mm, with stiff hairs; leaf blade elliptic or oblong, sometimes oblanceolate, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 cm, leathery, base rounded or cuneate, margin with short stiff hairs, apex slightly obtuse or rounded. Peduncle on lower part of branchlets of current year, nodding, ca. 1 cm, slender. Bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as calyx tube, abaxially on midvein and adaxially with short stiff hairs, apex acuminate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united to above middle part, obconical, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; limb shallowly cupular, ca. 1 mm, irregularly 5-lobed; lobes obtuse at apex. Corolla white, apex tinged with rose, bilabiate; tube infundibuliform, ca. 7 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., gibbous at base on one side, outside and inside with short stiff hairs; upper labium reflexed, ca. 7 × 7 mm, both surfaces glabrous, lobes oblong; lower labium ligulate, ca. 8 × 4 mm. Anthers slightly exserted from corolla, ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary 3-loculed, with 4 or 5 ovules per locule; styles ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr.
* Forests; 3000–3900 m. Taiwan.
华西忍冬 hua xi ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall. Branches often glabrous or with dispersed red glands; winter buds with ca. 5 pairs of outer scales, apex acute, inner scales enlarged and reflexed. Petiole 3–6(–8) mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 4–9(–18) × 2–8 cm, papery, ciliate, with dense or sparse stiff hairs and sparse glands, base rounded or slightly cordate or broadly cuneate, margin often irregularly undulate or crenulate, apex acuminate or long acuminate. Peduncle 2.5–5(–9) cm; bracts linear, (1–)2–5 mm; bracteoles separate, ovate to oblong, very small, less than 1 mm. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous or glandular hairy; lobes small, apex obtuse, undulate, or acute. Corolla purple-red, very rarely white or turning from white to yellow, 1–1.5 cm, bilabiate, outside sparsely pubescent and glandular hairy or glabrous; tube very short, base slender, shallowly gibbous, abruptly enlarged upward; upper labium erect, crenate; lower labium ca. 1/3 longer than upper labium, curved. Stamens subequaling corolla; filaments and styles puberulous on lower part. Fruit red, later black, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; seeds ellipsoid, 5–6 mm, with small concave dots. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Needle-leaved and broad-leaved mixed forests, scrub, grassy slopes; 1800–4000 m. S Gansu, ??Henan, W Hubei, Jiangxi, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kashmir, ??Myanmar; Europe].
1a.. Peduncle shorter than 5 cm; corolla ca. 1 cm ............................................... 17a. var. webbiana
1b.. Peduncle 5–9 cm; corolla 1.2–1.5 cm ........................................................ 17b. var. mupinensis
华西忍冬 (原变种) hua xi ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Lonicera adenophora Franchet; L. alpigena Linnaeus var. phaeantha Rehder; ??L. heteroloba Batalin; L. tatsienensis Franchet; L. webbiana Wallich ex de Candolle var. lanpinensis Y. C. Tang.
Peduncle shorter than 5 cm. Corolla ca. 1 cm.
Needle-leaved and broad-leaved mixed forests, scrub, grassy slopes; 1800–4000 m. S Gansu, W Hubei, Jiangxi, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kashmir; Europe].
川西忍冬 chuan xi ren dong
Lonicera mupinensis Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 138. 1911.
Peduncle 5–9 cm. Corolla 1.2–1.5 cm.
* Forests, alpine scrub; 2300–3400 m. W Sichuan.
异叶忍冬 yi ye ren dong
Caprifolium karelinii Kuntze; Lonicera heterophylla var. karelini (Bunge ex Kirilov) Rehder; L. karelini Bunge ex Kirilov; Xylosteum karelini Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2.5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous; winter buds with 3 pairs of outer scales, inner scales enlarged and reflexed. Petiole 5–12 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate-elliptic or elliptic, 4–7 × (1–)2.5–4 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, base attenuate, margin entire or slightly undulate, with short stiff hairs, apex acute. Peduncle 3–4 cm, glabrous, apex conspicuously thickened; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–3 × as long as calyx tube, glabrous; bracteoles separate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1–2 mm, glabrous. Calyx limb shallowly dentate. Corolla purple-red, ca. 1.5 cm, outside with sparse short stiff hairs and glands, bilabiate; tube slender, deeply gibbous. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Shaded places in forests; 2000–2500 m. Xinjiang [Russia].
粘毛忍冬 nian mao ren dong
Lonicera vegeta Rehder.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles white spreading puberulous and glandular stiffly hairy; winter buds with ca. 4 pairs of outer scales, ovate, glabrous; inner scales enlarged and reflexed. Petiole 3–10 mm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 6–17 × 2.5–6 cm, papery, abaxially densely adpressed pubescent and sparsely glandular-hairy on veins, adaxially sparsely strigose, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate or rounded, margin irregularly undulate, [margin??] ciliate, apex acuminate or caudate. Peduncle 3–4(–5) cm; bracts leaflike, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, slightly inequilateral, 8–15 mm, puberulous, ciliate; bracteoles orbicular, small, 2-lobed, glandular ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes completely united or rarely separate in upper part; lobes triangular, short, glandular ciliate. Corolla red or white, bilabiate, outside puberulous; tube deeply gibbous; lobes of upper labium very short; lower labium curved. Filaments puberulous on lower part; anthers slightly exserted. Styles shorter than stamens. Fruit red, ovoid, 2- or 3-seeded; seeds orange-yellow, ellipsoid, slightly compressed, ca. 6 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Forests, scrub; 1600–2900 m. S Gansu, W Henan, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.
倒卵叶忍冬 dao luan ye ren dong
Caprifolium hemsleyanum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 274. 1891.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall. Young branches, veins on both surfaces of leaves, petioles, peduncles, and bracts outside sparsely glandular hairy, later glabrous; scales of winter buds numerous, imbricate, ovate, apex obtuse; inner scales reflexed, enlarged. Petiole 6–15(–20) mm; leaf blade obovate or obovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 6–12 × 2.5–5 cm, papery, abaxially or only on midvein sparsely stiffly hairy, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or sometimes truncate, margin ciliate, apex often abruptly caudate. Peduncle (5–)8–23 mm, compressed; bracts subulate, 3–5 mm, often exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, often 4-crenulate, ½–2/3 as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes ca. 1/2 united, glabrous; lobes triangular-ovate, short, sparsely ciliate, apex obtuse. Corolla creamy-white or yellowish, later yellow, bilabiate, 1–1.2 cm, outside glabrous; tube short, deeply gibbous, base abruptly constricted, inside villous; lobes slightly exceeding calyx tube; lobes of upper labium ovate to broadly elliptic, ca. 1/3 as long as labium; lower labium reflexed. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla in height; filaments unequal in length, glabrous. Styles puberulous. Fruit red, globose, 8–10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 900–1500 m. Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
吉隆忍冬 ji long ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Young branches dark purple-brown, together with petioles and peduncles densely gray-white pubescent and glandular hairy; branchlets of previous year gray-brown; winter buds with 2 pairs of outer scales, outer pair slightly larger than middle ones; inner scales 1 pair, enlarged and leaflike. Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf blade oblong, obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong, (1.5–)2.5–5.5 × (0.8–)1–2.4 cm, papery, abaxially densely adpressed puberulous and mixed glandular hairy, adaxially whitish strigillose, base rounded to obtuse, rarely subtruncate, slightly inequilateral, margin often irregularly undulate, [margin??] ciliate, apex ± acute or obtuse and mucronulate. Peduncle usually solitary, axillary at bases of branchlets of current year, to 8–15 mm, base sometimes reflexed; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate, to 3–6 mm at fruiting stage, abaxially and along margin glandular hairy and sparsely stiffly hairy; bracteoles cupular, glabrous, apex entire or very rarely irregularly crenulate, sometimes 2-lobed. Flowers unseen. Neighboring 2 young fruit separate, suborbicular, ca. 4 mm in diam., glabrous; persistent calyx limb very short, undulate- or subangular-crenate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul.
* Betula forests; 4100–4200 m. Xizang (Jilong).
The type material is in such a poor state that the identity of this species cannot be determined with certainty.
丁香叶忍冬 ding xiang ye ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches brownish, subquadrangular; old branches gray-brown; young branches, outer scales of buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, midveins of adaxial surfaces of leaves, petioles, peduncles, and bracts outside densely or sparsely glandular hairy; winter buds with 2 pairs of ovate and apically long acute outer scales; inner scales enlarged and reflexed. Petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, slightly united at base; leaf blade broadly triangular-ovate to broadly rhombic-ovate, 2.5–5.3 × 2.5–5.3 cm, thickly papery, base broadly cuneate to truncate, apex cuspidate and mucronate or obtuse. Peduncle axillary on branchlets of current year, 7–10 mm; bracts subulate, to 1/2 as long as calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, 1/3–2/5 as long as calyx tube, glandular ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous; limb cupular, inconspicuously dentate. Corolla yellowish, bilabiate, ca. 1.3 cm, outside sparsely puberulous and glandular hairy; tube short, shallowly gibbous, inside villous, base abruptly constricted; lobes nearly as long as tube, lobes of upper labium ovate, ca. 1/3 as long as labium; lower labium reflexed. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; filaments subequal, villous on lower part. Styles slightly shorter than corolla, densely villous. Fruit red, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, suborbicular or ovoid-orbicular, slightly compressed, 3–4 mm. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
* Stony slopes; ca. 1200 m. Hebei (Neiqiu), ??Henan.
下江忍冬 xia jiang ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely pubescent; outer scales of winter buds ca. 5 pairs, apex acute; inner scales ca. 4 pairs, uppermost enlarged. Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf blade adaxially dark green, rhombic-elliptic to orbicular-elliptic, rhombic-ovate, or broadly ovate, 2–8 × 1.5–4.8 cm, thickly papery, abaxially pubescent throughout or glabrous, or sparsely pubescent only on veins, adaxially pubescent only on midvein and lateral veins, reticulate veins conspicuous abaxially, base attenuate, rounded or subtruncate, margin shortly ciliate, apex obtuse, mucronate, or emarginate. Peduncle 1–2.5 mm; bracts subulate, 2–3(–4.5) mm, exceeding calyx tube but shorter than calyx lobes, ciliate and with sparse glands; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, ciliate, with sparse glands. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes ½–2/3 united, with glands on upper part; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm, outside sparsely puberulous, ciliate, with sparse glands. Corolla white, base reddish, later yellow, bilabiate, 1–1.2 cm, outside sparsely pubescent or subglabrous; tube equaling or slightly shorter than labium, shallowly gibbous at base, inside densely hairy; lobes of upper labium 2/5–1/2 as long as labium. Stamens unequal in length; filaments hairy at base. Ovary 3-loculed; styles subequaling labium, hairy throughout. Neighbouring 2 fruit nearly completely united, turning from orange-red to red, 7–8 mm in diam.; seeds 1 or 2, yellowish brown, slightly compressed, ovoid or oblong, ca. 4 mm. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 500–1700 m. Anhui, ??Fujian, ??Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
1a.. Leaves abaxially pubescent ........................................................................... 23a. var. modesta
1b.. Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent only on veins ................................. 23b. var. lushanensis
下江忍冬 (原变种) xia jiang ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Leaves abaxially pubescent throughout.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 500–1300 m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
庐山忍冬 lu shan ren dong
Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent only on veins.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 800–1700 m. Anhui, ??Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
短梗忍冬 duan geng ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall. Branchlets, petioles, and adaxial surfaces of leaves sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; outer scales of winter buds 4–6 pairs, abaxially ridged, apex acute, persistent; inner scales ca. 2 pairs, enlarged. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 4–7.5(–8.5) × 2–6 cm, thickly papery, abaxially sparsely villous, more densely so on midvein. Peduncle subequaling or slightly longer than petioles, sparsely puberulous or subglabrous; bracts subulate, subequaling calyx tube, outside pubescent, glandular ciliate; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, 2-lobed, ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united; lobes linear-lanceolate, ciliate, subequaling tube. Corolla yellowish, bilabiate, ca. 1.2 cm, adpressed hairy at base of tube, slightly swollen on one side, inside densely puberulous; labia ca. 2 × as long as corolla tube; lobes of upper labium ovate, short. Stamens and styles shorter than corolla; filaments glabrous. Styles adpressed hairy. Fruit red, subglobose or ovoid, ca. 8 mm; seeds 3 or 4, yellowish brown, subglobose, compressed, ca. 6 mm, minutely dotted. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Forests, scrub; 1400–2400 m. SE Gansu, W Henan, S Shaanxi.
凹叶忍冬 ao ye ren dong
Lonicera kachkarovii (Batalin) Rehder; L. limprichtii Pax & K. Hoffmann; L. orientalis Lamarck var. kachkarovii Batalin.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets glabrous or sparsely glandular hairy, together with petioles and peduncles brown; outer scales of winter buds 6 pairs, lanceolate, apex acute, straight. Petiole 2–3 mm, glabrous or with sparse glands; leaf blade abaxially gray-white, adaxially intensely green, obovate, obovate-spatulate, or elliptic, to broadly ovate, 1–2.5 × 0.7–1.5 cm, papery, abaxially often pruinose and puberulous, sparsely glandular ciliate near base, adaxially glabrous, veins raised on both sides, base cuneate, apex obtuse, truncate or retuse, rarely ± acute. Peduncle 2.5–5 mm, glabrous; bracts subulate, (1/5–)1/3–4/5 as long as calyx tube, together with bracteoles and calyx lobes glandular ciliolate; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, sometimes 2-lobed, ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes completely united or sometimes separate in upper part, glabrous; lobes linear-lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm. Corolla turning from white to yellow, reddish at base, bilabiate, 1–1.2 cm, outside glabrous, gibbous at base of tube, inside puberulous; labia 2 × as long as corolla tube; lobes of upper labium broadly ovate, short; lower labium reflexed. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; filaments puberulous at base. Styles slightly shorter than stamens, pubescent. Fruit black, subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, globose or ovoid, 3.5–5 mm, minutely dotted. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Scrub; (1000–)2000–3300 m. S Gansu, S Shaanxi, SW Shanxi, W Sichuan.
黑果忍冬 hei guo ren dong
Caprifolium nigrum (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Lonicera barbinervis Komarov; L. nigra var. barbinervis (Komorov) Nakai.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 1.5 m tall. Young branches and peduncles often puberulous and glandular hairy; winter buds with several pairs of outer scales. Petiole 2–5 mm; leaf blade oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–6 × 1–2.5 cm, thinly papery, glabrous throughout but abaxially often white barbate on midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute, rarely slightly obtuse. Peduncle (1.5–)2–3 cm, slender; bracts lanceolate, small, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, shorter than calyx tube, glandular ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate; lobes broadly lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, glandular ciliate. Corolla red, bilabiate, ca. 8 mm, gibbous at base of tube, inside puberulous. Filaments equaling corolla, glabrous. Styles puberulous below middle part. Fruit blue-black, globose, 5–7 mm in diam.; seeds oblong or ovoid, 3–4 mm, minutely dotted. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 18.
Needle-leaved forests, forest margins; ca. 1700 m. Jilin [Korea; Europe].
柳叶忍冬 liu ye ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall, often densely or sparsely glandular hairy throughout; young branches, petioles, and peduncles pubescent, or glabrous, sometimes mixed with minute straight hairs; winter buds with several pairs of persistent scales. Petiole 4–10 mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate or rhombic-oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–3 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, veins conspicuous abaxially, more densely hairy, base acuminate or rarely subrounded, margin slightly undulate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Peduncle 0.5–1.5(–2.5) cm; bracts small, 2–3 mm, sometimes linear, leaflike, to 1 cm; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/2 as long as or equaling calyx tube, glandular ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate or united in lower half, glabrous; lobes triangular to lanceolate, small, 1/3–1/2 as long as tube, ciliate, apex narrow, acute. Corolla purplish or purple-red, bilabiate, 9–13 mm; tube ca. 1/2 as long as labia, gibbous at base, outside puberulous or glabrous, inside puberulous; upper labium crenulate; lower labium reflexed. Stamens subequaling upper labium of corolla; filaments puberulous at base. Styles puberulous throughout. Fruit black, orbicular, 5–7 mm in diam.; seeds granular-raised and coarse. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Forests, scrub; 1500–3900 m. W Anhui, NE Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, ??Myanmar, Nepal].
1a.. Young branches, petioles, peduncles, and corolla outside pubescent ............. 27a. var. lanceolata
1b.. Young branches, petioles, peduncles, and corolla outside glabrous ...................... 27b. var. glabra
柳叶忍冬 (原变种) liu ye ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium decipiens Kuntze; Lonicera acrophila H. Léveillé; L. decipiens J. D. Hooker & Thomson; ??L. wardii W. W. Smith.
Young branches, petioles, peduncles, and corolla outside pubescent.
Forests, scrub; 2000–3900 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
光枝柳叶忍冬 guang zhi liu ye ren dong
Young branches, petioles, peduncles, and corolla outside glabrous.
* Forests, scrub; 1500–2300 m. W Anhui, NE Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan, NE Yunnan.
红脉忍冬 hong mai ren dong
Caprifolium nervosum (Maximowicz) Kuntze; Lonicera lanceolata Wallich subsp. nervosa (Maximowicz) Y. C. Teng.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branches and peduncles spreading puberulous and glandular hairy. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 2.5–6 × 1–3 cm, papery, both ends acute, midvein, lateral veins, and veinlets adaxially purple-red, both surfaces glabrous or minutely stiffly hairy or adaxially with minute glands. Peduncle ca. 1 cm; bracts subulate; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, sometimes divided into 2 pairs, glandular ciliate or glabrous. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate; lobes triangular-subulate, small, glandular ciliate. Corolla white, later yellow, ca. 1 cm, outside glabrous, inside densely pubescent at base; tube slightly shorter than lobes, gibbous at base. Stamens subequaling upper labium of corolla. Styles pubescent at apex. Fruit black, globose, 5–6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Scrub of forest understories, grasslands; 2100–4000 m. Gansu, W Henan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, S Shanxi, Sichuan.
甘肃忍冬 gan su ren dong
Lonicera orientalis Lamarck var. kansuensis Batalin ex Rehder, Syn. Lonicera 119. 1903.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2(–3) m tall. Young branches and peduncles glabrous; outer scales of winter buds in several pairs, persistent, straight, apex acute. Petiole 5–8 mm, with scattered minute glands, sometimes sparsely puberulous; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 3–7(–10) × 1.5–3.5 cm, papery, abaxially adpressed puberulous, more densely hairy on both sides of midvein, adaxially sparsely shortly strigose, subglabrous when old, base acuminate to cuneate, rarely subrounded, [margin??] sparsely ciliate, apex acuminate. Peduncle 1–2.5 cm, glabrous, apex slightly broadly compressed and narrowly winged; bracts subulate, slightly exceeding calyx tube, together with bracteoles and calyx lobes sparsely glandular ciliolate; bracteoles cupular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, apex subtruncate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes more than 1/2 united, very rarely separate, glabrous; lobes lanceolate, unequal in length, subequaling or slightly exceeding tube, slightly united at base. Corolla yellowish, bilabiate, ca. 1.3 cm, outside glabrous; tube 4–5 mm; upper labium crenulate; lower labium reflexed, ca. 3.5 mm wide. Stamens and styles exserted, shorter than labia; styles puberulous on lower half. Fruit red, globose, 7–8 mm in diam.; seeds brown, slightly compressed, ca. 4 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep.
* Sparse forests; 1800–2400 m. S Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, N Sichuan.
华北忍冬 hua bei ren dong
Caprifolium tatarinovii (Maximowicz) Kuntze; Lonicera leptantha Rehder; L. tatarinowii var. leptantha (Rehder) Nakai.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles glabrous; outer scales of winter buds in 7 or 8 pairs, persistent, apex acute. Petiole 2–5 mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 3–7 × 1.8–3 cm, abaxially gray-white minutely tomentose except on midvein, later more sparsely hairy or glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate. Peduncle 1–2(–2.5) cm, slender; bracts triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, glabrous; bracteoles cupular, 1/5–1/3 as long as calyx tube, ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes more than 1/2 united, very rarely completely separate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular-lanceolate, unequal in shape, shorter than tube. Corolla black-purple, bilabiate, ca. 1 cm, outside glabrous; tube ca. 1/2 as long as labia, slightly swollen at base on one side, inside puberulous; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium deeply divided to ½; middle lobe shorter; lower labium ligulate. Stamens inserted at throat of corolla, subequaling labia; filaments glabrous or puberulous only at base. Ovary 2- or 3-loculed; styles pubescent. Fruit red, subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam.; seeds brown, oblong or suborbicular, 3.5–4.5 mm, granular on surface. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 400–1800 m. NW Hebei, ??Henan, Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, E Shandong.
紫花忍冬 zi hua ren dong
Xylosma maximowiczii Ruprecht in Maximowicz, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 15: 136, 370. 1857; Caprifolium maximowiczii (Ruprecht) Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches purple-brown, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent. Petiole 4–7 mm, sparsely hairy; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 4–10(–12) × 1.5–3 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely strigose or subglabrous, adaxially sparsely strigose or glabrous, base rounded, sometimes broadly cuneate, margin ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Peduncle 1–2(–2.5) cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; bracts subulate, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, very small. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes to 1/2 united, completely united at fruiting stage; lobes very small and inconspicuous, broadly triangular, apex acute. Corolla purple-red, bilabiate, ca. 1 cm, outside glabrous; tube gibbous, inside densely hairy, labia longer than corolla tube; lobes of upper labium short; lower labium long and slender, ligulate. Stamens slightly exceeding labia, glabrous. Styles hairy throughout. Fruit red, ovoid-orbicular, apex acute; seeds yellowish brown, oblong, 4–5 mm, granular and coarse on surface. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 18, 36.
Forests, forest margins; 800–1800 m. ??Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, Shandong [Korea, Russia].
蕊被忍冬 rui bei ren dong
Caprifolium gynochlamydeum (Hemsley) Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall. Young branches, petioles, and midveins of leaves often purple, later gray-yellow; young branches glabrous. Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5–10(–13.5) × 1.5–3 cm, papery, both surfaces hairy on midvein, abaxially often white villous on midvein at base, adaxially with scattered dark purple glands, base rounded to cuneate, margin with short stiff hairs, apex long acuminate. Peduncle shorter or slightly longer than petioles; bracts subulate, subequaling or slightly exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, surrounding 2 separate calyx tubes, top with caplike emergence. Calyx lobes triangular or lanceolate, small, ciliate, obtuse. Corolla white, tinged reddish or purple-red, 8–12 mm, outside and inside shortly stiffly hairy, bilabiate; tube slightly shorter than labia, deeply gibbous at base. Stamens slightly exserted; filaments hairy below middle. Styles shorter than stamens, stiffly hairy throughout. Fruit purple-red or white, 4–5 mm in diam., 1- or 2(–4)-seeded. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.
* Scrub, forests; 1200–1900(–3000) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, ??Henan, W Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, ??Zhejiang.
绢柳林忍冬 juan liu lin ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2.5 m tall. Young branches with dense, yellow-brown, short, stiff hairs. Leaves adaxially dark green, ovate, orbicular-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 0.7–4 × 0.6–1.3 cm, papery, with scattered black minute glands, both surfaces shortly stiffly hairy on midvein, base broadly cuneate, margin coarsely ciliate, apex acuminate and mucronate. Peduncle 2–3 mm; bracts subulate, together with calyx lobes minutely ciliate and glandular, ca. 2 mm, exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles cupular, top with caplike emergence. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, obovate, ca. 1 mm; lobes triangular, very small, apex acute. Corolla yellow-green, ca. 5 mm, outside sparsely puberulous, subirregular; tube gibbous at base; lobes oblong or ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube or shorter, apex obtuse. Stamens and styles equaling corolla tube or exserted; filaments glabrous; styles puberulous below middle. Fruit red, ca. 6-seeded; seeds compressed. Fl. May, fr. Sep.
* Scrub; 2000–2500 m. W Yunnan.
女贞叶忍冬 nu zhen ye ren dong
Shrubs, evergreen or semi-evergreen, to 2(–5) m tall. Young branches with gray-yellow short stiff hairs, later gray-brown. Leaves adaxially shiny, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sometimes orbicular-ovate or linear-lanceolate, (0.4–)1–4(–8) × 0.7–1.3 cm, thinly leathery, densely or sparsely shortly stiffly hairy and shortly glandular hairy, or glabrous, midvein slightly impressed or flat and not raised adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate and mucronate or obtuse. Peduncle very short, pubescent; bracts subulate, 2.5–5 mm; bracteoles cupular, with sparse glands, top with cap-like emergence. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate; lobes ovate, unequal in size, ciliate, with glands, apex obtuse. Corolla yellow-white or purple-red, infundibuliform, 4–12 mm; tube gibbous at base, inside villous; lobes slightly unequal, ovate, ¼–1/2 as long as tube, apex obtuse. Filaments exserted. Fruit purple-red, becoming black, globose, 3–4 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, ovoid or subglobose, 2.5–3 mm, smooth. Fl. May–Jun, fr. (Aug–)Oct–Dec. 2n = 18, 22.
Scrub, evergreen broad-leaved forests; (600–)1000–2000(–3000) m. S Gansu, NW Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, NW Hunan, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [??Bhutan, E India, ??N Myanmar, Nepal].
1a.. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, (0.5–)1–4(–8) cm, adaxially densely stiffly hairy on midvein, apex acuminate and mucronate or obtuse; corolla 7.5–12 mm ............................... 34a. var. ligustrina
1b.. Leaves suborbicular, ovate, or oblong, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, apex rounded or obtuse, adaxially glabrous or sparsely stiffly hairy on midvein; corolla (4–)5–7 mm ............................... 34b. var. yunnanensis
女贞叶忍冬 (原变种) nu zhen ye ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium ligustrinum (Wallich) Kuntze; Lonicera missionis H. Léveillé; ??L. wightianum Wallich; Xylosteum ligustrinum (Wallich) D. Don.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, (0.5–)1–4(–8) cm, adaxially densely stiffly hairy on midvein, apex acuminate and mucronate or obtuse. Corolla 7.5–12 mm.
Scrub, evergreen broad-leaved forests; (600–)1000–2000(–3000) m. NW Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, NW Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan [E India, Nepal].
亮叶忍冬 liang ye ren dong
Lonicera ligustrina subsp. yunnanensis (Franchet) P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang; L. nitida E. H. Wilson; L. pileata Oliver f. yunnanensis (Franchet) Rehder.
Leaves suborbicular, ovate, or oblong, 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, adaxially glabrous or sparsely stiffly hairy on midvein, apex rounded or obtuse. Corolla (4–)5–7 mm.
* Forests; (1600–)2100–3000 m. S Gansu, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
蕊帽忍冬 rui mao ren dong
Shrubs, evergreen or semi-evergreen, to 1.5 m tall. Young branches with dense, short, stiff hairs; old branches grayish, glabrous. Leaves intensely green and shiny adaxially, greatly varied in shape and size, usually ovate to oblong-lanceolate or rhombic-oblong, sometimes linear or linear-oblong, 1–5(–6.5) × 0.2–1.5 cm, leathery or papery, midvein conspicuously raised [adaxially??], [??midvein, or both surfaces, abaxially, or adaxially] sparsely shortly glandular hairy and sparsely stiffly hairy or subglabrous, base usually cuneate, apex obtuse. Peduncle very short; bracts leaflike, subulate or linear-lanceolate; bracteoles cupular, surrounding 2 separate calyx tubes, glabrous, top with caplike emergence. Calyx lobes ovate, small, margin shortly stiffly hairy, apex obtuse. Corolla white, infundibuliform, 6–8 mm, outside shortly stiffly hairy and red-brown shortly glandular hairy, rarely glabrous, subregular; tube 2–3 × longer than lobes, shallowly gibbous at base; lobes orbicular-ovate or ovate. Stamens and styles slightly exserted; styles hairy on lower half. Fruit translucent, blue-purple, globose, 6–8 mm in diam.; seeds yellowish brown, ovoid or subglobose, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Dec.
* Sandy slopes along water sides, moist places in sparse forests, scrub on mountain slopes; (300–)600–1700(–2200) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a.. Leaves leathery, ovate to oblong-lanceolate or rhombic-oblong .......................... 35a. var. pileata
1b.. Leaves papery, linear or linear-oblong ............................................................. 35b. var. linearis
蕊帽忍冬 (原变种) rui mao ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium pileatum (Oliver) Kuntze; Lonicera ligustrina Wallich var. pileata Franchet.
Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate or rhombic-oblong, leathery.
* Sandy slopes along water sides, moist places in sparse forests, scrub of mountain slopes; (300–)600–1700(–2200) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
条叶忍冬 tiao ye ren dong
Leaves linear or linear-oblong, papery.
* Scrub; 700–1200 m. Yunnan.
??Chinese name
??description
This is a very widely distributed and highly variable species. The typical variety occurs in ??. The following two varieties occur in China.
1a.. Corolla tube 1.5–2 × longer than lobes; upper part of filaments exserted from corolla 36a. var. edulis
1b.. Corolla tube 2–3 × longer than lobes; filaments not exserted from corolla, only anthers slightly exserted ...................................................................................................................... 36b. var. altaica
蓝靛果 lan dian guo
Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turczaninow ex Herder) Hultén; ??L. edulis Turczaninow.
Young branches hirsute; old branches brown, [??]stout branches often with large discoid stipules; winter buds divaricate, narrowly ovoid, apex acute, sometimes with adventitious buds. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, rarely ovate, 2–5(–10) × 1–3 cm, both surfaces with sparse short hairs, more densely so and spreading hairy on midvein, sometimes subglabrous, base rounded, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Peduncle 2-10 mm; bracts linear, 2–3 × as long as calyx tube. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 1–1.3 cm, outside puberulous, shallowly gibbous at base; tube 1.5–3 × longer than lobes. Upper part of filaments exserted from corolla or only anthers slightly exserted. Styles exserted, glabrous. Fruit blue-black, slightly pruinose, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Deciduous forests, scrub; 2600–3500 m. S Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, ??Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, N Sichuan, NW Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
阿尔泰忍冬 a er tai ren dong
??Lonicera altaica Pallas.
Corolla tube 2–3 × longer than lobes. Filaments not exserted from corolla; only anthers slightly exserted.
Larch forests, scrub; 1500–2500(–3500) m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].
葱皮忍冬 cong pi ren dong
Caprifolium ferdinandii (Franchet) Kuntze; ??Lonicera ferdinandii f. beissneriana Zabel; ?? L. ferdinandii f. franchetii Zabel; L. ferdinandii var. induta Rehder; ??L. ferdinandii f. leycesterioides (Graebner) Zabel; L. ferdinandii var. leycesterioides (Graebner) Rehder; ??L. ferdinandii f. vesicaria (Komarov) Zabel; L. leycesterioides Graebner; L. vesicaria Komarov.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branches densely or sparsely spreading or adpressed hirsute, often mixed with minute hairs and red-brown glands, very rarely subglabrous; old branches papillose, [??]stout branches with interpetiolar discoid stipules; winter buds divaricate, 4–5 mm, with a pair of boat-shaped outer scales; scales densely white tomentose inside. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3–10 × 2–7 cm, papery or thickly so, abaxially adpressed hirsute and with red-brown glands on veins also on petiole and peduncle, very rarely tomentose, adaxially sparsely adpressed hirsute or subglabrous, base rounded or truncate to shallowly cordate, margin sometimes undulate, [margin??] ciliate, apex acute or acuminate. Peduncle and petioles very short; bracts leaflike, lanceolate to ovate, large, to 1.5 cm, with same indumentum as leaves; bracteoles connate into an urceolate cup, completely surrounding 2 neighboring calyx tubes, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., to 7–13 mm when fruit matures, outside with dense, long and short, straight stiff hairs when young, inside adpressed villous. Calyx lobes triangular, ciliate, apex ± acute. Corolla white, later yellowish, (1.3–)1.5–1.7(–2) cm, outside densely reflexed hirsute and spreading hispid and glandular hairy, very rarely glabrous or slightly hairy, inside villous, bilabiate; tube slightly longer than or subequaling labia; upper labium shallowly 4-lobed; lower labium recurved, long, slender. Styles puberulous in upper part. Fruit red, ovoid, to 1 cm, covered by lacerate cup, 2–7-seeded; seeds ellipsoid, compressed, 6–7 mm, densely rusty pitted. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 36.
Forests, scrub; (200–)1000–2000 m. S Gansu, S Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, W Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Sichuan [N Korea].
白背忍冬 bai bei ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and peduncles densely spreading white hispid, and mixed shortly glandular hairy; winter buds with numerous pairs of outer scales, inner scales often enlarged and leaflike. Petiole 2–3 mm, base often dilated, often united with opposite petiole; leaf blade abaxially gray-white, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, sometimes ovate-oblong, 1.5–3 × 1–1.8 cm, papery, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially pubescent, sometimes mixed glandular hairy, midvein slightly raised, base subtruncate to slightly cordate, margin undulate, apex obtuse to rounded. Flowers axillary at apices of young branches, arranged into a raceme; peduncle to 8 mm, those in lower part of inflorescence longer, gradually shortened upward; bracts leaflike, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, to 5 mm, with same indumentum as leaves; bracteoles connate, cupular, equaling calyx tube, outside densely glandular hispid, apex truncate, dehiscent before fruit matures to release 2 neighboring calyx tubes and persistent at base of fruit. Calyx tube separate or nearly so, orbicular, ca. 2 mm, outside glandular hairy and shortly hairy; lobes triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, hispid, apex acute. Corolla white, yellowish when dry, outside white puberulous, bilabiate; tube ca. 6 mm, slightly swollen at base on one side, inside puberulous; labia spreading, subequaling corolla tube; lobes of upper labium ca. 1.5 mm, apex rounded; lower labium linear. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla; filaments inserted slightly below labia, white pubescent below middle; anthers linear, ca. 3 mm. Styles hairy throughout. Fruit red, ellipsoid, ca. 5 mm, hairy. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep.
Scrub on mountain slope; 2900–3100 m. Xizang [Kashmir, Pakistan].
唇花忍冬 chun hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 70 cm tall. Branchlets of current year, leaves, petioles, peduncles, bracts, calyx limbs and corollas outside glandular hairy; branchlets of current year gray-brown, usually adpressed stiffly hairy; branchlets of previous year sparsely adpressed stiffly hairy; terminal buds underdeveloped, substituted by 2 lateral buds, outer scales 1 pair, yellow-brown, 1–1.2 cm, outside glabrous, inside puberulous. Petiole 3–4 mm, sparsely stiffly hairy; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 cm, papery, abaxially with short stiff hairs, adaxially strigose, base subrounded, margin ciliate, apex acute. Flowers opening with leaves simultaneously; peduncle very short, ca. 5 mm; bracts large and broad, orbicular-ovate, ca. 1.2 cm, both sides with sparse short stiff hairs, margin stiffly ciliate, apex obtuse. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 3 mm; limb very short, ca. 1 mm, undulate-crenulate. Corolla yellowish green, slightly bilabiate, ca. 1.5 cm; tube infundibuliform, ca. 9 mm, conspicuously gibbous at base; lobes ovate, 6–7 mm, unequal in shape, abaxial lobe spreading or slightly recurved, outside stiffly hairy, inside very sparsely hairy, glandular hairy along apical margin. Anthers ca. 2 mm, exceeding corolla tube and reaching base of corolla lobes; filaments very short. Stigmas reaching middle and upper parts of corolla tube, lower than anthers. Styles ca. 6 mm, stiffly hairy. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun.
* Grassy slopes. Sichuan (Lixian).
This species is only known from the type gathering; however, we have not seen it.
齿叶忍冬 chi ye ren dong
Lonicera setifera var. trullifera Rehder; L. subdentata Rehder.
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 3(–5) m tall. Young branches and petioles densely stiffly hairy and sparsely hirsute and glandular hairy, sometimes glabrous; winter buds 2–4 mm, with a pair of outer scales. Petiole 4–8 mm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3–10(–12) × 1.5–3 cm, papery to thickly so, abaxially stiffly strigose, strigose on veins on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin usually undulate to irregularly shallowly divided (leaves of vegetative branches more deeply divided), margin ciliate, apex acuminate or acute. Flowers opening before leaves; peduncle very short; bracts broadly ovate, to 1 cm. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate; limb shorter than tube; lobes suborbicular or ovate; peduncle, bracts, calyx tube, and both sides of corolla hairy and with glands. Corolla white or purplish red to pink, campanulate, 1–1.4 cm, subregular; lobes ovate, slightly shorter than tube. Stamens included, very short. Styles ca. 1/2 as long as corolla tube, glabrous. Fruit red, ellipsoid, 1–1.2 cm, hirsute and glandular hairy; seeds brownish, oblong, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun.
* Forests, scrub; 2300–3800 m. Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
短柱忍冬 duan zhu ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 1 m tall. Young branches sparsely hirsute or glabrous; winter buds with a pair of outer scales. Young leaves elliptic-oblong, both surfaces stiffly hairy and mixed with sparse glands, base cuneate, margin ciliate and glandular hairy, apex acuminate. Flowers opening before leaves; peduncle very short; bracts broadly ovate, 8–10 mm, irregularly erose-denticulate, base ciliate and sparsely glandular hairy. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous; limb ca. 2 × as long as tube, wide and folded; lobes unequal in shape, broadly ovate, 1.5–3 mm, glabrous, margin irregularly erose, apex rounded. Corolla rose, infundibuliform, ca. 1 cm; tube 7–8 mm, conspicuously gibbous at base, slightly enlarged in upper part, outside sparsely hirsute except at base, inside villous from middle to throat; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm, apex rounded. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube, not higher than throat of corolla; filaments very short. Styles not exceeding middle of corolla tube, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. Apr.
* Mountains; ca. 2800 m. NE Yunnan.
We did not see specimens of this species.
异萼忍冬 yi e ren dong
Lonicera hispida Pallas ex Roemer & Schultes var. anisocalyx (Rehder) B. K. Zhou.
Shrubs, deciduous. Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles hirsute; winter buds ca. 6 mm, with a pair of outer scales. Leaves abaxially slightly powdery-green, elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate, 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxially hirsute only on midvein, adaxially sparsely hirsute (mainly near margin) or subglabrous, base rounded, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Flowers opening nearly before leaves; peduncle short; bracts ovate, 1–1.5 cm, margin hirsute, apex acute or acuminate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous, very rarely with glands; lobes unequal in size, abaxial ones longer, sometimes equaling tube, glabrous. Corolla infundibuliform, ca. 1.5 cm, with very few stiff hairs, base with glands or subglabrous; tube conspicuously gibbous; lobes oblong-ovate, ca. 2 × as long as tube. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla lobes. Styles exserted. Fruit red, ovoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Aug.
* Mountains; ca. 3000 m. S Gansu, SE Qinghai, N Sichuan.
We did not see specimens of this species.
微毛忍冬 wei mao ren dong
Lonicera mitis Rehder; L. mitis var. hobsonii Rehder; L. viridiflava Handel-Mazzetti.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 1 m tall. Young branches, petioles, leaves (on abaxial side in particular), peduncles, and bracts with minute stiff hairs; young branches often bluish; old branches gray-yellow, sometimes sparsely shortly stiffly hairy; winter buds 5–8 mm, with a pair of outer scales, outside glabrous. Petiole 2–6 mm; leaf blade usually oblong, sometimes elliptic, 1–3(–5) × 0.7–1.8 cm, slightly leathery, with few short stiff hairs along margin or sometimes on veins on both sides, both ends subrounded, apex mucronulate. Peduncle stout, slightly compressed, 0.5–1(–1.5) cm; bracts broadly ovate, 1–1.5 cm. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous; limb short; lobes inconspicuous. Corolla yellow-green, infundibuliform, (1.3–)1.5–2 cm, subregular; tube shallowly gibbous at base; lobes erect, broadly ovate or ovate, 5–7 mm. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla. Styles stiffly hairy on lower half. Fruit blue-black, ovoid, ca. 1 cm, 3–8-seeded; seeds deep brown, irregularly triangular-oblong, 4–5 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug.
[??*] Scrub, rocky grasslands; 3500–4300 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Bhutan, ??Myanmar, ??Nepal].
刚毛忍冬 gang mao ren dong
Caprifolium hispidum (Pallas ex Roemer & Schultes) Kuntze; Lonicera chaetocarpa (Batalin ex Rehder) Rehder; L. hispida var. chaetocarpa Batalin ex Rehder; L. montigena Rehder.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2(–3) m tall. Young branches often purple-red, together with petioles and peduncles hirsute or mixed stiffly hairy and glandular hairy, very rarely glabrous; old branches gray or gray-brown; winter buds to 1.5 cm, with a pair of outer scales, outside minutely stiffly hairy or glabrous. Leaves greatly varied in shape, size and indumentum, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong to oblong, sometimes linear-oblong, 2–4 × 1–2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially subglabrous or sparsely adpressed hirsute on veins, or sparsely or densely adpressed hirsute and shortly stiffly hairy, base sometimes slightly cordate, margin hirsute-ciliate, apex acute or slightly obtuse. Peduncle (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) cm; bracts sometimes purple-red, broadly ovate, 1.2–3 cm, with same indumentum as leaves. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, often hirsute and glandular hairy, rarely glabrous; limb undulate. Corolla white or yellowish, infundibuliform, (1.5–)2.5–3 cm, subregular, shortly stiffly hairy or hirsute or subglabrous, sometimes mixed glandular hairy; tube gibbous at base; lobes erect, shorter than tube. Stamens equaling corolla. Styles exserted, stiffly hairy at least on lower half. Fruit yellow, later red, ovoid to narrowly cylindric, 1–1.5 cm; seeds brownish, oblong, slightly compressed, 4–4.5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 18*.
[??*] Forests, scrub, alpine grasslands; 1700–4200(–4800) m. Gansu, W Hebei, ??Henan, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, W Sichuan, N Xinjiang, Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Mongolia, ??Myanmar].
垫状忍冬 dian zhuang ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, ca. 10 cm tall. Branchlets dense, together with petioles and peduncle puberulous; winter buds 1.5–2 mm, with a pair of outer scales. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic, 6–12 × 4–9 mm, papery, abaxially adpressed villous mainly on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially sparsely villous, base rounded, apex obtuse or ± acute. Peduncle 1–1.2 cm; bracts separate, broadly ovate, ca. 1 cm, outside puberulous, margin slightly irregularly dentate, apex ± acute. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, ciliate. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 2–2.5 cm, subregular, gibbous at base; tube with sparse glands outside, puberulous in upper part inside; lobes orbicular-ovate, 6–7 mm, outside puberulous. Filaments ca. 4 mm, adnate to part of corolla slightly below throat; anthers exserted. Styles equaling stamens, puberulous below middle. Fruit unknown.
* High mountains; 4700–4800 m. N Sichuan.
藏西忍冬 zang xi ren dong
Caprifolium semenovii (Regel) Kuntze; ??C. thomsonii Kuntze; Lonicera glauca J. D. Hooker & Thomson.
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, prostrate, to 28 cm tall. Branches straight; branchlets dense and slender, internodes very short, together with petioles densely stiffly hairy and minutely glandular hairy; winter buds with a pair of outer scales ca. 4 mm. Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate, small, 8–12 × 4–5 mm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely adpressed hairy on veins, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, margin ciliate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate, often mucronulate. Peduncle axillary on lower part of young branches, less than 5 mm; bracts ovate to ovate-oblong, 7–10 mm, apex acute, ciliate. Calyx tube glabrous; lobes obtuse-triangular, shorter than 1 mm. Corolla subregular, yellow, narrowly tubular, 1.5–3.2 cm, gibbous at base; lobes ovate, 5–6 mm. Stamens exceeding corolla tube; anthers ca. 3.5 mm. Styles glabrous, slightly exceeding corolla lobes. Fruit red, 5–6 mm, exceeding bracts, with blue-gray powder. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug.
Rocky crevices of high mountains, rocky places; 4000–4300 m. W Xinjiang, W Xizang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan; SW Asia (Iran)].
No specimens of this species were seen.
冠果忍冬 guan guo ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles often adpressed hirsute; winter buds with a pair of outer scales to 2.2 cm, deeply longitudinally sulcate, minutely stiffly hairy or glabrous outside. Petiole 3–8 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to oblong, (3–)5–9 × 1–3.5 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces densely adpressed hirsute, abaxially together with petioles and peduncle mixed shortly stiffly hairy, base rounded, margin hirsute-ciliate, apex acute or obtuse. Peduncle 1–1.8 cm; bracts united in lower half, very large, broadly ovate, 3–4 cm, outside adpressed hirsute and shortly stiffly hairy, apex mucronate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ovate-orbicular, densely yellowish hirsute; limb large and broad, ca. 4 mm, to 5 mm at fruiting stage; lobes orbicular, hirsute-ciliate. Corolla regular, white, broadly infundibuliform, 3–4 cm, outside hirsute and glandular, gibbous at base of tube; lobes erect, ovate, ¼–1/3 as long as tube. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube, included. Styles exceeding stamens, stiffly hairy in lower half. Fruit black-brown, ellipsoid, 1.5–1.8 mm, slightly divaricate. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Forests, scrub; 2000–3200 m. SE Gansu, ??Henan, S Ningxia, S Shaanxi, E Sichuan.
早花忍冬 zao hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches yellow-brown, sparsely spreading stiffly hairy; old branches gray-brown; winter buds ovoid, apex acute, with several pairs of scales. Petiole 3–5 mm, densely spreading stiffly hairy; leaf blade abaxially green-white, broadly ovate, broadly rhombic-ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 3–7.5 × 2–4.5 cm, papery, both surfaces densely adpressed sericeous-strigose, abaxially more densely hairy, particularly so on veins, base broadly cuneate to rounded and inequilateral, margin long ciliate, apex acute or mucronate. Flowers opening before leaves; peduncle very short, often covered by bud scales, to 1.2 cm at fruiting stage, stiffly hairy and glandular; bracts reddish, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 5–7 mm, margin stiffly ciliate and glandular. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, suborbicular, glabrous; limb plate-like; lobes broadly ovate, unequal, glandular ciliate. Corolla purplish, infundibuliform, ca. 1 cm, outside glabrous, subregular; lobes recurved, oblong, 6–7 mm, ca. 2 × longer than tube, apex obtuse. Stamens and styles exserted; styles glabrous. Fruit red, globose, 6–8 mm in diam.; seeds brownish, oblong, ca. 4.5 mm. Fl. Apr, fr. May–Jun. 2n = 18.
Forests, scrub; 200–600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia].
北京忍冬 bei jing ren dong
Caprifolium elisae (Franchet) Kuntze; Lonicera infundibulum Franchet; L. pekinensis Rehder; ??L. praecox (Kuntze) Rehder (1911), not Hort. ex K. Koch (year??).
Shrubs, deciduous, to more than 3 m tall. Young branches glabrous, or together with petioles and peduncles shortly stiffly hairy, hirsute, and glandular hairy; winter buds subovoid, with several pairs of brown, orbicular-ovate outer scales. Petiole 3–7 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 2.5–6.5 × 1–4.5 cm, papery, both surfaces adpressed stiffly hairy, abaxially more densely adpressed sericeous and shortly stiffly hairy, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers opening with leaves simultaneously; peduncle produced from terminal bract axils of branchlets of previous year, 0.5–2.8 cm; bracts broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, (5–)7–10 mm, abaxially hispid. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glandular hairy and hirsute or subglabrous; limb 1–2 mm, irregularly dentate, stiffly hairy and glandular ciliate or glabrous. Corolla white or pinkish, narrowly infundibuliform, (1.3–)1.5–2 cm, outside stiffly hairy or glabrous; tube long, slender, shallowly gibbous at base; lobes slightly irregular, ovate or ovate-oblong, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Stamens not exceeding corolla tube. Styles slightly exserted, glabrous. Fruit red, ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, sparsely glandular hairy and hirsute or glabrous; seeds yellowish brown, slightly compressed, oblong or ovoid, 3.5–4 mm, smooth. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May–Jun.
* Forests, scrub; 500–1600(–2300) m. SW Anhui, Hebei, Henan, W Hubei, SE Gansu, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi, E Sichuan, NW Zhejiang.
单花忍冬 dan hua ren dong
Lonicera monantha Nakai.
Shrubs, deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Young branches green-brown or red-brown, together with petioles often spreading stiffly hairy or subglabrous; branchlets of previous year gray-brown; winter buds orbicular-ovoid, with several pairs of scales. Petiole 3–6 cm; leaf blade oblong, ovate-oblong, ovate, or obovate to suborbicular, 4–7 × ???? cm, abaxially powdery-green, stiffly hairy on veins, adaxially sparsely stiffly hairy, base acute, obtuse, or subrounded, margin ciliate, apex mucronate or acute. Peduncle axillary, 1–2.5 cm, sparsely spreading glandular hairy; one of flower pair reduced; bract 1, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 9–14 mm, stiffly hairy and glandular hairy, sometimes with 1 opposite, reduced bract ca. 2 mm; bracteoles absent. Calyx tube glabrous; limb 0.3–0.5 mm, mouth edge truncate or undulate. Corolla yellow, infundibuliform, 1.5–2 cm, tube gibbous at base; lobes regular, outside minutely stiffly hairy. Fruit red, fusiform or ellipsoid, 8–14 mm, glabrous; seeds 3.5–4 mm. Fr. Jun.
Forests; ca. 800 m. Jilin, ??Liaoning, [Korea, Russia].
We did not see any specimens of this species.
灰毛忍冬 hui mao ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, sometimes cushionlike, richly branched. Young branches short, together with petioles and peduncles densely gray pubescent and spreading long hairy, sometimes mixed glandular hairy; winter buds ovoid, small, 2–3 mm, puberulous and glandular hairy, apex acute; scales 3 pairs, lowest pair nearly surrounding whole bud body. Petioles very short, united at base; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 6–18 × ????? mm, both surfaces densely very minutely grayish pubescent, often mixed glandular hairy, abaxially adpressed stiffly hairy on veins, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin stiffly hairy, apex acuminate. Peduncle axillary at base of young branches, 1–2.5(–4) mm; bracts usually lanceolate, sometimes ovate, 5–8 mm, pubescent, outside glandular hairy and adpressed hairy, inside glandular hairy, margin ciliate. Calyx tube glabrous; limb very short, 0.3–0.6 mm, shallowly dentate, outside and along margin sparsely adpressed stiffly hairy. Corolla yellow, tubular, 1.4–1.5 cm, outside densely hairy, inside puberulous, spurlike gibbous above base; lobes of upper labium broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm; lobes of lower labium narrowly elliptic or oblong, slightly spreading outward. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla; filaments glabrous. Styles slightly shorter than stamens. Fruit subglobose, 5–7 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul.
Cliffs of high mountains, rocky slopes. W Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan].
We did not see any specimens of this species.
矮小忍冬 ai xiao ren dong
Caprifolium humile (Karelin & Kirilov) Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, dwarf, 12–40 cm tall. Old branches many noded, lower ones prostrate; young branches erect upward, very short, densely puberulous, later glabrous; winter buds ovoid, small, ca. 2 mm, apex acute, with several pairs of scales, lowest pair nearly surrounding whole bud body. Petiole 1.5–2.5 mm, base dilated and united, densely stiffly hairy; leaf blade ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 7–20 × ???? mm, subleathery, both surfaces densely adpressed stiffly hairy, later gradually sparsely hairy and scattered verrucose, sometimes mixed glandular hairy, veins conspicuous on both sides, base rounded-cuneate or rounded, margin stiffly hairy, apex acuminate. Peduncles axillary at base of young branches, not developed at anthesis, 2–5 mm at fruiting stage, puberulous, glandular hairy; bracts ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, 6–11 mm, base wide and surrounding calyx tube, both sides glandular hairy, margin stiffly hairy. Calyx tube glabrous or glandular hairy; limb ca. 1 mm, ca. 1/2 shorter than tube, shallowly divided into 5 unequal teeth, sparsely long ciliate. Corolla 1.5–2 cm, outside sparsely spreading hairy; tube slender, enlarged above throat, spurlike gibbous above base; lobes of upper labium ovate or nearly suborbicular; lower labium slightly spreading, narrowly orbicular. Stamens ¼–1/3 shorter than upper labium of corolla. Styles slightly shorter than stamens. Fruit red, with blue-gray powder, oblanceolate-ovoid, 5–8 mm. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul–Aug.
Subalpine or alpine rocky slopes and crevices of steep cliffs. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan].
We did not see any specimens of this species.
截基忍冬 jie ji ren dong
Caprifolium altmannii (Regel & Schmalhausen) Kuntze.
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely stiffly hairy and glandular hairy; branches yellowish brown, glabrous; winter buds with several pairs of scales. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade orbicular-ovate to ovate, rarely oblong, 2–4.5(–6.5) × 1.3–2.5 cm, papery, abaxially shortly stiffly hairy, adaxially densely adpressed hairy, base rounded to truncate, margin often irregularly undulate, long ciliate, apex ± acute or obtuse and cuspidate. Flowers opening after leaves, axillary at base of branches of current year; peduncle 0.5–1.5(–2) cm; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5–9 mm, both sides stiffly hairy and glandular hairy, more densely hairy abaxially, margin ciliate, apex acuminate or acute. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, glandular hairy; calyx limb shallowly plate-like, sparsely glandular hairy, margin stiffly ciliate, apex subtruncate or shallowly undulate. Corolla yellowish, ca. 1.5 cm, outside sparsely minutely glandular hairy, often mixed with few spreading stiff hairs, bilabiate; tube ca. 6 mm, conspicuously gibbous above base; upper labium 7–8 mm; lower labium spreading or slightly recurved, ca. 8 mm. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla; styles sparsely stiffly hairy at base. Fruit red, globose, 5–6 mm in diam., apex often sparsely glandular hairy; seeds yellowish brown, oblong or ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
Scrub of forest understories, grassy slopes; 1000–2500 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan].
短尖忍冬 duan jian ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely stiffly hairy. Leaves abaxially sometimes powdery-green, broadly obovate to broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 1–2.2 × 1–1.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially adpressed stiffly hairy or glabrous, reticulate veinlets conspicuous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely adpressed stiffly hairy, margin slightly revolute, ciliate, apex obtuse or rounded and cuspidate. Peduncle in basal bract axils of branches of current year, to 6 mm; bracts ovate-oblong, margin ciliate, slightly exceeding calyx tube. Corolla white or pinkish. Neighboring 2 fruit united completely or in lower half, 6–8 mm in diam., each 5–10-seeded; seeds brownish, oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr–May.
* Scrub of mountain valleys; 800–1500 m. W Hubei, NE Sichuan.
郁香忍冬 yu xiang ren dong
Shrubs, semi-evergreen or deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches glabrous or sparsely adpressed hirsute; old branches gray-brown; winter buds with a pair of apically acute outer scales covering inner scales. Petiole 2–5 mm, hirsute; leaf blade greatly varied in shape, obovate-elliptic, elliptic, orbicular-ovate, or ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 3–7(–8.5) × 2–3.5 cm, thickly papery or slightly leathery, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially adpressed hirsute only on midvein, or even only shortly stiffly hairy on midvein, or adpressed hirsute and mixed puberulous, adaxially sometimes adpressed hairy, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin ± ciliate or subglabrous, apex mucronate or cuspidate. Flowers opening before leaves or with leaves simultaneously, fragrant, in basal bract axils of young branches; peduncle (2–)5–10 mm; bracts lanceolate to sublinear, 2–4 × as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes nearly united to middle, 1.5–3 mm; limb subtruncate or slightly 5-lobed. Corolla white or reddish, 1–1.5 cm, outside glabrous, rarely sparsely stiffly hairy, bilabiate; tube 4–5 mm, inside densely puberulous, shallowly gibbous at base; upper labium 7–8 mm, lobed deeply to middle; lower labium recurved, ligulate, 8–10 mm. Stamens included; filaments unequal in length. Styles glabrous. Fruit red, oblong, ca. 1 cm, partly united; seeds brown, slightly compressed, oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. Jan–Apr, fr. Apr–Jun.
* Forests, scrub; 100–2700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
1a.. Leaves glabrous or only sparsely adpressed hirsute on midvein abaxially, or only shortly stiffly hairy on midvein .......................................................................................... 55a. subsp. fragrantissima
1b.. Leaves densely adpressed hirsute on both sides, or at least so on midvein abaxially, sometimes mixed stiffly hairy or puberulous.
2a.. Leaves abaxially adpressed hirsute, not puberulous, or sometimes stiffly hairy on lower part of midvein ........................................................................................................ 55b. subsp. standishii
2b.. Leaves abaxially adpressed hirsute and mixed puberulous ............... 55c. subsp. phyllocarpa
郁香忍冬 (原亚种) yu xiang ren dong (yuan ya zhong)
Caprifolium fragrantissimum (Lindley & Paxton) Kuntze.
Leaves glabrous or only sparsely adpressed hirsute on midvein abaxially, or only shortly stiffly hairy on midvein.
* Scrub on mountain slopes; 200–700 m. S Anhui, S Hebei, SW Henan, W Hubei, N Jiangxi, E Zhejiang.
苦糖果 ku tang guo
Lonicera standishii Carrière, Fl. Serr. 13: 63. 1860, not Hort. ex Jacques (1859)??; Caprifolium standishii (Carrière) Kuntze; L. pseudoproterantha Pampanini; L. standishii f. lancifolia Rehder.
Leaves adpressed hirsute abaxially, not puberulous, or sometimes stiffly hairy on lower part of midvein.
* Forests, scrub; 100–2000(–2700) m. Anhui, S Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, N Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
Lonicera proterantha Rehder and L. mamillaris Rehder very likely belong to this subspecies.
樱桃忍冬 ying tao ren dong
Lonicera phyllocarpa Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 138. 1859; Caprifolium phyllocarpum (Maximowicz) Kuntze.
Leaves adpressed hirsute and mixed puberulous abaxially.
* Forests, scrub; 500–2000 m. Anhui, Hebei, NW Henan, S Jiangsu, S Shaanxi, S Shanxi.
新疆忍冬 xin jiang ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall, ± powdery-green or not. Winter buds small, with ca. 4 pairs of scales. Petiole 2–5 mm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, sometimes oblong, 2–5 × 1–2 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or white pubescent, base rounded or slightly cordate, rarely broadly cuneate, often slightly asymmetric, margin ciliate, apex acute, rarely acuminate or obtuse. Peduncle 1–2 cm, slender; bracts linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, subequaling or shorter than calyx tube, sometimes leaflike and much exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles separate, suborbicular to ovate-oblong, 1/3–1/2 as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm; limb denticulate. Corolla pinkish or white, ca. 1.5 cm, bilabiate; tube shorter than labia, 5–6 mm, shallowly gibbous at base; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium deep to base of labia, spreading; middle lobe shallower. Stamens and styles slightly shorter than corolla; styles pubescent. Fruit red, globose, 5–6 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 18.
Forest margins, scrub; 700–1600 m. ??Hebei, ??Liaoning, N Xinjiang [??Mongolia, Russia].
1a.. Plant not powdery-green; leaves glabrous, only sometimes margin ciliate .......... 56a. var. tatarica
1b. Plant ± powdery-green; leaves white pubescent on both surfaces ................. 56b. var. micrantha
新疆忍冬 (原变种) xin jiang ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium tataricum (Linnaeus) Kuntze.
Plant not powdery-green. Leaves glabrous, only sometimes margin ciliate.
Forest margins, scrub; 900–1600 m. N Xinjiang [Russia].
小花忍冬 xiao hua ren dong
Caprifolium micranthum (Trautvetter) Kuntze; ??Lonicera micrantha Trautvetter ex Regel; L. tatarica Linnaeus var. puberula Regel & Winkler.
Plant ± powdery-green. Leaves white pubescent on both surfaces.
Scrub; 700–900 m. Xinjiang [Russia].
长白忍冬 chang bai ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branches and petioles tomentose-pubescent, sparsely pubescent, or subglabrous; branchlets, petioles, both surfaces of leaves, peduncles, and bracts sparsely minutely yellow-brown glandular hairy; winter buds with ca. 6 pairs of scales. Petiole 3–8 mm; leaf blade oblong-obovate or ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (3–)4–6(–10) × 1.5–2 cm, papery, abaxially densely or sparsely pubescent, or only so on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, base rounded to cuneate or subtruncate, sometimes inequilateral, margin slightly undulate or sometimes with irregular large teeth, ciliate, apex acuminate. Peduncle 6–12 mm, sparsely pubescent; bracts linear, 5–6 mm, exceeding calyx lobes, pubescent; bracteoles separate, orbicular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1/4–1/3 as long as calyx tube, glabrous or glandular ciliate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm; lobes ovate-triangular to triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, scarious. Corolla white, later yellow, outside glabrous; tube short, 4–5 mm, inside densely pubescent, deeply gibbous at base; labia 8–11 mm; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium deep to 1/2–2/3; lower labium recurved, ca. 1 cm. Stamens shorter than corolla; filaments inserted near base of connectives, pubescent at base; anthers ca. 3 mm. Styles slightly shorter than stamens, pubescent throughout; stigmas large, stout. Fruit orange-red, globose, 5–7 mm in diam.; seeds brown, ellipsoid, ca. 3 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 18.
Broad-leaved forests, forest margins; 300–1100 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, Russia].
1a.. Young branches tomentose-pubescent; leaves abaxially densely pubescent 57a. var. ruprechtiana
1b.. Young branches subglabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves abaxially sparsely pubescent or only so on veins ................................................................................................................ 57b. var. calvescens
长白忍冬(原变种) chang bai ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium ruprechtianum (Regel) Kuntze; Lonicera chrysantha Turczaninow var. subtomentosa Maximowicz; ??Xylosteum chrysanthum var. subtomentosum Ruprecht.
Young branches tomentose-pubescent. Leaves densely pubescent on abaxial surface.
Broad-leaved forests, forest margins; 300–1100 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, Russia].
光枝长白忍冬guang zhi chang bai ren dong
Young branches subglabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves sparsely pubescent abaxially or only so on veins.
* Forests. E Heilongjiang.
短萼忍冬 duan e ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branches dark red-brown, together with abaxial surface of leaves, petioles, and peduncles densely white pubescent and with scattered minute glandular hairs; winter buds small, with 4 pairs of scales. Petiole 3(–5) mm; leaf blade obovate or obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 2–4.5 × 1–2 cm, papery, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially with sparse adpressed short stiff hairs, more densely hairy on midvein, base obtuse, often slightly inequilateral, margin ciliate, apex obtuse and mucronulate or acute, very rarely acuminate. Peduncle 1–1.6 cm; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1–2 mm, shorter than calyx tube, outside and along margin puberulous; bracteoles separate, orbicular-ovate to narrowly orbicular, ca. 1 mm, 2/5–1/2 as long as calyx tube, margin ciliolate and with minute glands. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm; lobes broadly ovate or suborbicular, very short, ca. 1/8 as long as tube, apex rounded, often few ciliate. Corolla (?)white, outside glabrous, bilabiate; tube short, ca. 4 mm, deeply gibbous at base, inside densely pubescent; upper labium ca. 7 mm, lateral lobes deep to 1/5; lower labium recurved, ca. 8 mm. Stamens shorter than corolla; filaments inserted near base of connectives, pubescent at base; anthers ca. 2 mm. Styles shorter than stamens, pubescent throughout; stigmas large, stout. Fruit red, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Jun.
* Mountain valleys; 1500–1800 m. S Gansu, ??Shaanxi.
金花忍冬 jin hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles often with spreading straight stiff hairs, minute stiff hairs, and glands, or ± adpressed pubescent; winter buds ovoid-lanceolate, with 5 or 6 pairs of scales, outside sparsely puberulous, white long ciliate. Petiole 4–7 mm; leaf blade rhombic-ovate, rhombic-lanceolate, obovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 4–8(–12) × 1–4 cm, papery, both surfaces with straight or slightly curved adpressed stiff hairs on veins, more densely hairy on midvein, tomentose, or subglabrous, base cuneate to rounded, [margin??] straight ciliate, apex acuminate or abruptly caudate. Peduncle 1.5–3(–4) cm, slender; bracts linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2.5(–8) mm, often exceeding calyx tubes; bracteoles separate, ovate-oblong, broadly ovate, or obovate to suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, 1/3–2/3 as long as calyx tube. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, 2–2.5 mm, often glabrous and glandular; lobes orbicular-ovate, suborbicular, or ovate, apex rounded or obtuse. Corolla white at first, later yellow, (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) cm, outside sparsely shortly stiffly hairy, bilabiate; labia 2–3 × longer than tube; tube pubescent inside, deeply or sometimes inconspicuously gibbous at base. Stamens and styles shorter than corolla; filaments densely hairy below middle; connectives adpressed pubescent in upper half; styles pubescent throughout. Fruit red, orbicular, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 18.
Forests, scrub of forest margins; 200–3000(–3800) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, S Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E Jilin, S Liaoning, S Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N Korea, ??Mongolia, Russia].
1a.. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles spreading stiffly hairy; leaves abaxially sparsely strigose 59a. subsp. chrysantha
1b.. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles ± adpressed pubescent; leaves abaxially tomentose-pubescent or subglabrous ......................................................................................... 59b. subsp. koehneana
金花忍冬 (原亚种) jin hua ren dong (yuan ya zhong)
Caprifolium chrysanthum (Turczaninow ex Ledebour) Kuntze; Lonicera chrysantha var. longipes Maximowicz; ??L. xylosteum Linnaeus var. chrysantha Regel.
Young branches, petioles, and peduncles spreading stiffly hairy. Leaves sparsely strigose abaxially.
Forests, scrub of forest margins; 200–2000(–3000) m. S Gansu, Hebei, S Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, E Jilin, S Liaoning, S Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [N Korea, Russia].
须蕊忍冬 xu rui ren dong
Lonicera koehneana Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 1: 41. 1902; L. gynopogon H. Léveillé; L. koehneana var. chrysanthoides Rehder; L. koehneana var. intecta Rehder; L. koehneana var. pallescens Rehder; L. vestita W. W. Smith.
Young branches, petioles, and peduncles ± adpressed pubescent. Leaves tomentose-pubescent or subglabrous abaxially.
* Forests, scrub of forest margins; 700–3000(–3800) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, W Henan, W Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, SW Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
金银忍冬 jin yin ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 6 m tall; trunk to 10 cm in diam.[dbh??] Young branches, veins on both leaf surfaces, petioles, bracts, bracteoles, and outside of calyx limb pubescent and minutely glandular hairy; winter buds ovoid-orbicular, small, with 5 or 6 or more pairs of scales. Petiole 2–5(–8) mm; leaf blade green or purplish when young, often rather greatly varied in shape, usually ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rarely oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, more rarely rhombic-oblong or orbicular-ovate, 5–8 × 2.5–4 cm, papery, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acuminate or long acuminate. Flowers fragrant, axillary on young branches; peduncle 1–2 mm, shorter than petioles; bracts linear, sometimes linear-lanceolate and leaflike, 3–6 mm; bracteoles ± united, green or purplish, ca. 1/2 as long as or subequaling calyx tube, apex truncate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or sparsely minutely glandular hairy; limb campanulate, ca. 2/3 as long as to equaling tube, scarious; lobes broadly triangular or lanceolate, unequal, apex acute. Corolla purplish, or white at first, later yellow, (1–)2 cm, outside shortly adpressed hairy or glabrous, bilabiate; tube ca. ½ as long as labia, inside puberulous. Stamens and styles ca. 2/3 as long as corolla; filaments with minute hairs upward below middle; styles also with such hairs. Fruit dark red, orbicular, 5–6 mm in diam.; seeds with beehive-like [??honey-comblike] minute shallow concave dots. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 18.
Forests, scrub; 100–1800(–3000) m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, ??Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, NE Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, N Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
1a.. Corolla white at first, later yellow; bracteoles and young leaves green .............. 60a. var. maackii
1b.. Corolla, bracteoles, and young leaves purplish ............................................ 60b. var. erubescens
金银忍冬(原变种) jin yin ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Xylosteum maackii Ruprecht, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 15: 369. 1857; Caprifolium maackii (Ruprecht) Kuntze; Lonicera maackii (Ruprecht) Maximowicz f. podocarpa Franchet ex Rehder.
Corolla white at first, later yellow; bracteoles and young leaves green.
Forests, scrub; 100–1800(–3000) m. Anhui, SE Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, NE Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, N Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
红花金银忍冬 hong hua jin yin ren dong
Corolla, bracteoles, and young leaves purplish.
* Forests, scrub; 100–300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, ??Liaoning.
毛花忍冬 mao hua ren dong
Shrubs, deciduous, to 3–5 m tall. Branches horizontally spreading; branchlets slender, sometimes zigzag curved, together with petioles and peduncles densely or sparsely pubescent and minutely glandular hairy or subglabrous; winter buds with 5 or 6 pairs of scales. Petiole 3–7 mm; leaf blade green-white abaxially, greatly varied in shape, oblong, ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, rarely elliptic, orbicular-ovate, or obovate-elliptic, 2–6(–10) × 1.5–3.5 cm, papery, both surfaces sparsely pubescent or only abaxially on midvein or glabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, rarely truncate or shallowly cordate, margin ciliate, apex obtuse and mucronate or cuspidate to acute, or acuminate. Peduncle 2–6(–12) mm; bracts linear-lanceolate, subequaling calyx tube; bracteoles suborbicular-ovate, ca. 2 mm, 1/3–1/2 as long as calyx tube, base ± united, apex slightly truncate. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes separate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; calyx limb campanulate, 1.5–2(–4) mm, scarious, completely divided into 2 halves, one half 2-lobed, other half 3-lobed, or only lacinate on one side; lobes triangular; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx limb sparsely pubescent and glandular, rarely glabrous. Corolla yellow, 1.2–1.5 cm, bilabiate; tube ca. 4 mm, often shallowly gibbous, outside densely strigose and glandular hairy, inside densely puberulous at throat; labia sparsely hairy outside or sometimes glabrous; lobes of upper labium shallowly orbicular; lower labium recurved, oblong, 8–10 mm. Stamens and styles shorter than corolla; filaments inserted at throat of corolla, puberulous at base; styles slightly curved, ca. 1 cm, pubescent throughout; stigmas discoid, large. Fruit turning from orange-yellow to yellow-red and red, globose, 6–8 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug.
[??*] Forests, forest margins, scrub; 2400–4600 m. S Gansu, ??Qinghai, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan [??Myanmar].
1a.. Leaves usually oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse and mucronate, or cuspidate to acute ............................................................................................................. 61a. var. trichosantha
1b.. Leaves usually oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acuminate ................ 61b. var. deflexicalyx
毛花忍冬(原变种) mao hua ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Lonicera ovalis Batalin; L. trichosantha Bureau & Franchet f. acutiuscula Rehder; L. trichosantha Bureau & Franchet f. glabrata Rehder.
Leaves usually oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse and mucronate, or cuspidate to acute.
* Forests, forest margins, scrub; 2700–4100 m. S Gansu, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan.
长叶毛花忍冬 chang ye mao hua ren dong
Lonicera deflexicalyx Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 173. 1892; L. deflexicalyx var. xerocalyx (Diels) Rehder; L. trichosantha var. xerocalyx (Diels) P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang; L. xerocalyx Diels.
Leaves usually oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acuminate.
* Forests, forest margins, scrub; 2400–4600 m. S Gansu, ??Shaanxi, W Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
平卧忍冬 ping wo ren dong
Shrubs, prostrate. Branches long, slender, hollow; branchlets sparsely villous and usually purplish when young, later light grayish brownish. Petiole ca. 1 mm, villous; leaf blade ovate, 1–2 × 0.5–1.4 cm, membranous, abaxially sparsely villous on midvein, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse or ± acute. Peduncle 1–1.5 cm, slender, glabrous; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, ciliate, sparsely glandular near base, sparsely villous abaxially; bracteoles suborbicular-ovate, ca. 4 mm, base ± united, apex slightly truncate. Flowers unknown. Fruit light red, ovoid, crowned with persistent calyx ca. 6 mm [the fruit or the calyx??]. Fr. Sep.
* River sides; 2700–4000 m. Sichuan.
This species may only be a form of Lonicera trichosantha Bureau & Franchet.
长距忍冬 chang ju ren dong
Climbers, glabrous throughout. Branches brown. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate to oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 8–13(–17) × 2.5–8 cm, leathery, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, apex abruptly narrowed and mucronate. Peduncle straight, compressed, 1.7–3 cm, apex slightly thickened; bracts 2, leaflike, ovate-lanceolate to orbicular-ovate, 2–2.5 cm; bracteoles small, apex rounded or retuse. Neighboring 2 calyx tubes united. Corolla white at first, later yellow, ca. 3 cm, bilabiate; tube short, wide, base with a curved spur ca. 1.2 cm; upper labium erect; lobes unequal in shape, short, wide; lower labium recurved. Stamens not exceeding upper labium of corolla; filaments pubescent in lower half. Styles slightly exceeding stamens, pubescent in lower part. Fruit red, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., subtended by persistent bracts; seeds very compressed, margin thickened. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.
* Forests, forest margins, scrub along stream sides; 1200–2500 m. Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
匍匐忍冬 pu fu ren dong
Lonicera rhododendroides Graebner.
Shrubs, evergreen, prostrate, to 1 m tall. Young branches densely yellowish brown stiffly hairy; old branches black-brown, glabrous; winter buds with several pairs of scales. Leaves congested at apices of branchlets of current year; petiole 3–8 mm, grooved on adaxial side, stiffly hairy and ciliate; blade broadly elliptic to oblong, 1–3.5(–6.3) × 0.8–1 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous but adaxially stiffly hairy on midvein, both ends ± acute to rounded, margin revolute, densely stiffly ciliate, apex sometimes cuspidate or retuse. Flowers axillary at apices of branchlets; peduncle 2–10(–14) mm, stiffly hairy or glabrous; bracts, bracteoles, and apices of calyx lobes ciliate; bracts triangular-lanceolate, 1/2–2/3 as long as calyx tube, apex slightly obtuse; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as bracts, apex rounded. Calyx lobes ovate, ca. 1 mm, 1/3–1/2 as long as tube, apex obtuse. Corolla white; tube reddish, later yellow, ca. 2 cm, outside glabrous, inside stiffly hairy; tube slightly swollen at base on one side; labia ca. 1/2 as long as tube; upper labium erect, undulate-dentate or with short ovate lobes; lower labium revolute. Stamens subequaling corolla; filaments sparsely stiffly hairy in lower part. Styles much exceeding corolla, stiffly hairy below upper and middle parts. Fruit black, globose, 5–6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Stream sides, rocky cliffs, or crevices at moist forest margins; 900–1700(–2300) m. Guizhou, SW Hubei, NW Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.
淡红忍冬 dan hong ren dong
Climbers, deciduous or semi-evergreen. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles with dense or sparse, usually curved brown-yellow stiff hairs or adpressed stiff hairs, sometimes mixed with spreading stiff hairs and minute glandular hairs, or hairy only at tips of flowering branchlets, or completely glabrous. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4–8.5(–14) × 2–4 cm, thinly leathery to leathery, both surfaces densely or sparsely stiffly hairy or adaxially brown-yellow adpressed stiffly hairy at least on midvein, base rounded to subcordate, sometimes broadly cuneate to truncate, margin ciliate, apex long acuminate to mucronate. Flower pairs clustered at apices of branchlets into corymblike inflorescence or singularly axillary in upper part of branchlets; peduncle 4–18(–23) mm; bracts subulate, shorter than or slightly longer than calyx tube, with few short stiff hairs or glabrous; bracteoles broadly ovate or obovate, 1/3–2/5 as long as calyx tube, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes retuse, ciliate. Calyx tube elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous or shortly stiffly hairy; lobes ovate, or ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or sometimes narrowly triangular, 1/4–2/5 as long as tube, margin glabrous or ciliate. Corolla yellow-white, tinged with red hue, infundibuliform, 1.5–2.4 cm, outside glabrous or spreading stiffly hairy, sometimes glandular hairy, bilabiate; tube 9–12 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding labia, inside shortly stiffly hairy, gibbous at base; upper labium erect, lobes orbicular-ovate; lower labium recurved. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; filaments shortly stiffly hairy at base; anthers 4–5 mm, ca. 1/2 as long as filaments. Styles stiffly hairy except at apex. Fruit blue-black, ovoid, 6–7 mm in diam.; seeds ellipsoid to oblong, slightly compressed, 4–4.5 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct–Nov.
Forests, scrub; (500–)1000–3200 m. S Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, W Guizhou, ??Henan, Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [??Bhutan, ??India, Indonesia, ??Malaysia, Myanmar, ??Nepal, Philippines].
1a.. Young branches, petioles, and margin of leaves stiffly hairy, or at least leaves adpressed stiffly hairy on midvein adaxially ...................................................................................... 65a. var. acuminata
1b.. Plant glabrous throughout, or only petioles sparsely stiffly hairy ....................... 65b. var. depilata
淡红忍冬(原变种) dan hong ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium fuchsioides (Hemsley) Kuntze; C. henryi (Hemsley) Kuntze; Lonicera affinis Hooker & Arnott var. angustifolia Hayata; L. alseuosmoides Graebner; L. fuchsioides Hemsley; L. giraldii Rehder; L. henryi Hemsley; L. henryi var. angustifolia (Hayata) Ohwi; L. henryi var. setuligera W. W. Smith; L. henryi var. subcoriacea Rehder; L. henryi var. transarisanensis (Hayata) Yamamoto; L. transarisanensis Hayata.
Young branches, petioles, and margin of leaves stiffly hairy, or at least leaves adpressed stiffly hairy on midvein adaxially.
Forests, scrub; (500–)1000–3200 m. S Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, N Guangdong, Guangxi, W Guizhou, Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines].
无毛淡红忍冬 wu mao dan hong ren dong
Plants glabrous throughout, or only petioles sparsely stiffly hairy.
* Forests, scrub. Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
毛萼忍冬 mao e ren dong
Lonicera henryi Hemsley var. trichosepala Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 199. 1927.
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely spreading yellow-brown stiffly hairy. Petiole 2–5 mm; leaf blade triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely broadly ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–5.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, papery, old leaves slightly powdery-white abaxially, sparsely strigose on midvein and lateral veins, base slightly cordate, rarely rounded or truncate, apex acute. Flowers in upper axils of leaves, often forming a terminal raceme; peduncle 3–5 mm. Calyx tube glabrous or subglabrous; lobes linear-lanceolate, slightly shorter than or ca. as long as ovary, outside ciliate and strigose. Corolla purplish or white, bilabiate, ca. 2 cm, densely strigose; tube ca. 1 cm, nearly as long as lobes, inside puberulous; upper labium erect, 4-lobed, lobes orbicular; lower labium reflexed, elliptic, apex rounded. Anthers 2–3 mm, ca. 1/3 as long as filaments. Styles densely shortly strigose throughout. Fruit blue-black, ovoid; seeds ellipsoid to oblong, slightly compressed, ca. 4 mm, with minute concave dots. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct.
* Forests, scrub; 400–1500 m. S Anhui, Hunan, NW Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
卵叶忍冬 luan ye ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles, sometimes bracts, bracteoles, and calyx tubes densely gray-yellow-brown strigose, mixed sparsely glandular hairy. Petiole 5–12 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic or ovate, 3–8 × 1.3–4.3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially tomentose with short stiff hairs, very densely hairy on veins, sparsely hairy at fruiting stage, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, sparsely strigose, very densely hairy on midvein, base rounded to truncate or shallowly cordate, apex abruptly narrowed and acuminate or mucronate. Several to over 10 flower pairs clustered into axillary or terminal corymbs, very rarely solitary in axils of leaves, with leaflike bracts; peduncle 3–15 mm; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 mm, shorter than calyx tube, yellow-white shortly stiffly hairy; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, ovate, narrowly ovate, or suborbicular, (1/5–)1/3–1/2 as long as calyx tube, yellow-white shortly stiffly hairy, apex obtuse or rounded. Calyx tube orbicular or elliptic, 2–4 mm, outside glabrous or shortly stiffly hairy and with sessile dark brown glands; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, sparsely or densely strigose, ciliate. Corolla white, later yellow, 1.5–2.5 cm, slightly arched, outside stiffly hairy, bilabiate; tube subequaling or slightly exceeding labia, gradually enlarged upward, inside minutely puberulous; lobes of upper labium ca. 3 mm. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla; filaments pubescent at base; anthers 3.5–4 mm. Styles stiffly hairy at middle or above 2/3. Fruit blue-black, slightly pruinose, suborbicular, ca. 6 mm in diam. Fl. Aug, fr. Dec.
* Scrub on rocky mountains, broad-leaved forests on mountain slopes; 1700–2900 m. SE Xizang, W Yunnan.
短柄忍冬 duan bing ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets and petioles densely yellow stiffly hairy, later purple-brown and glabrous. Leaves sometimes 3-whorled; petiole short, 2–5 mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 × 1.3–2.8 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces shortly stiffly hairy on midvein, abaxially often sparsely shortly stiffly hairy when young, base shallowly cordate, margin slightly revolute, sparsely ciliate, apex acuminate, sometimes abruptly narrowed and mucronate. Several flower pairs clustered at apices of young branches or solitary in axils of leaves in upper part of young branches, fragrant; peduncle very short or nearly absent; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes shortly stiffly hairy; bracts narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes leaflike, 5–15 mm; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, 1/2–2/3 as long as calyx tube. Calyx tube shorter than 2 mm; lobes ovate-triangular to narrowly triangular, shorter than tube, outside strigose, margin ciliate. Corolla white and often purplish red, later yellow, bilabiate, 1.5–2 cm, outside densely strigose and glandular hairy; labia slightly shorter than tube, both upper and lower labia recurved. Stamens and styles slightly exserted; filaments puberulous at base; anthers ca. 2 mm. Styles glabrous. Fruit blue-black or black, globose, 5–6 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Forests, scrub; 100–800 m. S Anhui, N Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan, S Yunnan, Zhejiang.
醉鱼草状忍冬 zui yu cao zhuang ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles densely yellowish brown pubescent and with scattered red-brown short glandular hairs. Petiole 5–8 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3–6 × ???? cm, thinly leathery, abaxially yellow-white velutinous with short minute hairs, adaxially nitid, base rounded. Flower pairs axillary or clustered into short racemes on short branches; peduncle very short or nearly absent; bracts, bracteoles, and outside of calyx lobes minutely yellow-white velutinous and ciliate; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apex acuminate; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, slightly shorter than calyx tube. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous; limb subequaling tube; lobes triangular, ca. 2/3 as long as limb. Corolla bilabiate, ca. 1.5 cm, outside densely yellowish white strigose and minutely red-brown glandular hairy; tube tubular-infundibuliform; labia subequaling tube; upper labium sparsely adpressed hairy inside on middle and lower parts; middle lobe broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm; lower labium linear. Stamens and styles subequaling corolla, glabrous; anthers linear, ca. 2.5 mm. Fruit unknown. Fl. May.
* Guangxi.
No specimens were seen.
锈毛忍冬 xiu mao ren dong
Lonicera fulva Merrill.
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, both surfaces and margins of leaves, inflorescence axis, peduncles, bracts, bracteoles, and outside of corolla with dense, spreading or slightly curved, yellow-brown stiff hairs, and with very few minute glandular hairs on young branches, petioles, margins of leaves and inflorescence axis. Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate, rarely ovate or elliptic, 5–9(–11) × 2–5 cm, thickly papery, veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base slightly cordate or rounded, slightly inequilateral, apex caudate, acuminate or acute. Flower pairs (1 or)2 or 3 in small racemes axillary on upper part of branchlets, and 4 or 5 small racemes forming small panicles at apices of branchlets; involucral bract beneath each panicle filiform, 6–12 mm; peduncle short, (1–)2.5–5(–7) mm; bracts narrowly linear, ca. 4 mm; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, sometimes lanceolate, 1/2–2/3 as long as or equaling calyx tube. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm, sparsely stiffly hairy in upper half or glabrous; lobes linear, ca. 2 mm. Corolla white at first, later yellow, ca. 2.2 cm, bilabiate; tube subequaling labia, outside strigose, inside sparsely stiffly hairy on middle and upper parts and inside of labia; lobes of upper labium oblong-ovate; lower labium linear-oblong, ca. 1 cm. Filaments sparsely stiffly hairy on lower part; styles glabrous. Fruit black, ovoid-orbicular. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
[??*] Sparse and dense forests, scrub; 600–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [??Myanmar].
黄褐毛忍冬 huang he mao ren dong
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, abaxial surface of leaves, peduncles, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes densely velutinous with spreading or adpressed, yellow-brown stiff hairs, and with scattered short orange-red glandular hairs on young branches and both surfaces of leaves; winter buds with ca. 4 pairs of scales. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3–8(–11) × 2.5–3.5 cm, papery, adaxially sparsely shortly strigose, more densely hairy on midvein, base rounded, shallowly cordate, or subtruncate, apex acuminate. Flower pairs arranged into axillary or terminal short racemes; inflorescence axis to 1 cm; peduncle ca. 2 mm, subtended by a pair of small leaves; bracts subulate, 5–7 mm; bracteoles ovate to linear- lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as or slightly exceeding calyx tube. Calyx tube obovate-elliptic, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm. Corolla white at first, later yellow, 3–3.5 cm, bilabiate; tube slightly shorter than labia, outside densely yellow-brown adpressed hairy and spreading shortly glandular hairy; lobes of upper labium narrowly orbicular, ca. 8 mm; lower labium ca. 1.8 cm. Stamens and styles exceeding corolla, glabrous. Stigmas suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jun–Jul.
* Scrub, forests; 800–1300 m. NW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Yunnan.
云雾忍冬 yun wu ren dong
Lonicera giraldii Rehder f. nubium Handel-Mazzetti.
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, and inflorescence axis spreading yellow-brown hispid and glandular hairy. Petiole 4–7 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 6–14 × 2–3.5 cm, papery, adaxially nitid, both surfaces hispid on midvein and abaxially hispid on veins, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin hispid-ciliate, apex long acuminate. Flower pairs congested into racemes or panicles at apices of branchlets, mixed with linear-lanceolate bractlike leaves; peduncle 1–3 mm, hispid; bracts lanceolate, exceeding calyx tube, together with bracteoles and calyx lobes hispid-ciliate; bracteoles ovate or orbicular-ovate, 3/5–2/3 as long as calyx tube, apex obtuse. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; lobes narrowly ovate-triangular, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla white, tinged with purple-red, later yellow, ca. 1.8 cm, ± hispid, bilabiate; tube subequaling labia, inside densely pubescent; upper labium erect, shortly crenate; lower labium recurved. Stamens subequaling corolla; filaments hairy at base. Styles hairy below middle. Fruit black, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam; seeds ovoid, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct.
* Scrub, sparse forests; NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan.
水忍冬 shui ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles densely gray-white puberulous; young branches purple-red, old branches brown. Petiole 4–10(–13) mm; leaf blade abaxially pinkish, adaxially sometimes with purple hue, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2–6(–9) × 2–4 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, adaxially gray-white velutinous (on robust branches), base rounded, truncate, or sometimes slightly cordate, those on lower part of stem sometimes irregularly 3–5-pinnatifid, apex obtuse or subrounded, sometimes obtuse-mucronate. Flower pairs axillary at apices of branchlets, congested into racemes, fragrant; peduncle 4–12 mm; bracts triangular, very small, 1–2 mm, much shorter than calyx tube; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, very small, sparsely minutely ciliate. Calyx tube 2–2.5 mm, slightly pruinose; lobes broadly triangular or suborbicular to ovate, apex obtuse or rounded. Corolla white, tinged with purple-red near base, later yellowish, 2–3.5 cm, bilabiate; tube 1.4–1.7 cm, outside slightly adpressed pubescent or glabrous, inside densely pubescent on upper labium; upper labium subequaling tube; lobes oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; 2 lateral lobes deep to over 1/3; lower labium narrowly linear, longer than upper labium. Stamens subequaling corolla; filaments sparsely pubescent at base; anthers linear. Styles exserted, pubescent in lower 1/3 or glabrous. Fruit black. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Oct.
Scrub at water sides; ca. 300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi [N Vietnam].
忍冬 ren dong
Climbers, semi-evergreen. Young branches dark red-brown or purple-black, with dense, yellow-brown spreading stiff hairs, glandular hairs, and short minute hairs, often glabrous on lower part. Petiole 4–8 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially intensely green, ovate to oblong-ovate, sometimes ovate-lanceolate, rarely orbicular-ovate or obovate, very rarely 1- to several sinuate, 3–5(–9.5) × 1.5–4 cm, papery, both surfaces densely stiffly hairy on upper part of branchlets, abaxially often smooth and glabrous and ± blue-gray on lower branchlets, base rounded or subcordate, margin stiffly ciliate, apex acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, rounded or retuse. Peduncle usually solitary in upper leaf axils of branchlets, ca. as long as or slightly shorter than petioles, those in lower part to 2–4 cm, densely pubescent and mixed with glandular hairs; bracts leaflike, ovate to elliptic, large, 2–3 cm, both surfaces pubescent or sometimes subglabrous; bracteoles ca. 1 mm, 1/2–4/5 as long as calyx tube, stiffly hairy and glandular hairy, apex rounded or truncate. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate-triangular or narrowly triangular, outside and along margin densely hairy, apex acute and long hairy. Corolla white, sometimes reddish at base on sun-exposed side becoming yellow, or purple outside and white inside, (2–)3–4.5(–6) cm, bilabiate; tube slightly exceeding, very rarely subequaling, labia, with ± adpressed spreading or semi-spreading stiff hairs and long glandular hairs; lobes of upper labium obtuse at apex; lower labium recurved. Stamens and styles exceeding corolla. Fruit blue-black when mature, globose, 6–7 mm in diam., nitid; seeds brown, ovoid or ellipsoid, ca. 3 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 18*.
Scrub or sparse forests of mountain slopes, stony places, roadsides; (800–)1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ??Myanmar].
1a.. Young branches dark red-brown; corolla white, later yellow-white ................. 74a. var. japonica
1b.. Young branches purple-black; corolla purple outside, white inside .................. 74b. var. chinensis
忍冬(原变种) ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium japonicum (Thunberg) Dumortier; Lonicera fauriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; L. japonica var. sempervillosa Hayata; L. shintenensis Hayata; Nintooa japonica (Thunberg) Sweet.
Young branches dark red-brown. Corolla white, later yellow-white.
Scrub or sparse forests on mountain slopes, stony places, roadsides; ca. 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
红白忍冬 hong bai ren dong
Lonicera chinensis Watson, Dendrol. Brit. 2: t. 117. 1825; L. japonica var. japonica f. chinensis (Watson) H. Hara.
Young branches purple-black. Corolla purple outside, white inside.
* Mountain slopes; ca. 800 m. Anhui, ??Guizhou, ??Zhejiang.
华南忍冬 hua nan ren dong
Nintooa confusa Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 258. 1830; Caprifolium confusum (Sweet) Spach; Lonicera multiflora Champion ex Bentham; L. telfairii Hooker & Arnott.
Climbers, semi-evergreen. Young branches, petioles, peduncles, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx tubes densely gray-yellow pubescent and sparsely glandular hairy; branchlets reddish brown or brownish. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 3–6(–7) × 2–4 cm, papery, both surfaces stiffly hairy when young, adaxially glabrescent when old, base rounded, truncate, or subcordate, apex acute or slightly obtuse and mucronulate. Flower pairs axillary or clustered into short racemes of 2–4 whorls at apices of lateral short branches, with conspicuous involucral bracts; peduncle 2–8 mm; bracts lanceolate, 1–2 mm; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, ca. 1 mm, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Calyx tube 1.5–2 mm, stiffly hairy; lobes lanceolate or ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, outside densely pubescent. Corolla white, later yellow, 3.2–5 cm, bilabiate; tube straight or sometimes slightly recurved, with ± spreading stiff hairs and glandular hairs, puberulous inside; labia slightly shorter than tube. Stamens and styles exserted, slightly exceeding labia; filaments glabrous. Fruit black, ellipsoid or subglobose, 6–10 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct.
Mountain slopes, mixed forests, scrub, roadsides of plains, river sides; ca. 800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, ??Guizhou, Hainan [Nepal, N Vietnam].
菰腺忍冬 gu xian ren dong
Climbers, deciduous. Young branches, petioles, abaxial surface of leaves and midvein of adaxial surface of leaves, and peduncles densely yellowish gray pubescent, sometimes stiffly hairy. Petiole 5–12 mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, papery, abaxially sometimes powdery-green, with sessile or very shortly stipitate, yellow to orange-red mushroomlike glands, base subrounded or subcordate, apex acuminate or acute. Flower pairs solitary or several clustered on lateral short branches, or clustered into racemes at apices of branchlets; peduncle shorter than or sometimes longer than petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, subequaling calyx tube, outside stiffly hairy and ciliate; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, very rarely ovate-lanceolate and apex acuminate, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, ciliate. Calyx tube glabrous or sometimes slightly hairy; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1/2–2/3 as long as calyx tube, ciliate. Corolla white, sometimes with reddish hue, later yellow, 3.5–4 cm, bilabiate; tube slightly longer than labia, outside sparsely adpressed pubescent or glabrous, with or without sessile or shortly stipitate glands. Stamens and styles slightly exserted, glabrous. Fruit black when mature, sometimes pruinose, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam.; seeds blackish brown, ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm. Fl. Apr–May(–Jun), fr. Oct–Nov.
Scrub, sparse forests; 200–700(–1800) m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, ??Kashmir, ??Nepal].
1a.. Corolla outside sparsely adpressed pubescent, often with glands ............. 76a. subsp. hypoglauca
1b.. Corolla outside glabrous or only tube sparsely adpressed pubescent, but without glands 76b. subsp. nudiflora
菰腺忍冬(原亚种) gu xian ren dong (yuan ya zhong)
Caprifolium hypoglaucum (Miquel) Otto; ??C. mollissimum Otto; Lonicera affinis Hooker & Arnott var. hypoglauca (Miquel) Rehder; ??L. affinis var. mollisima Blume ex Maximowicz; L. affinis var. pubescens Maximowicz; L. rubropunctata Hayata.
Corolla sparsely adpressed pubescent outside, often with glands.
Scrub, sparse forests; 200–700(–1500) m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
净花菰腺忍冬 jing hua gu xian ren dong
Corolla glabrous outside or tube sparsely adpressed pubescent, but without glands.
* Scrub, sparse forests; 200–700(–1800) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Yunnan.
大花忍冬 da hua ren dong
Climbers, semi-evergreen. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles with spreading, yellow-brown long stiff hairs and scattered short glandular hairs; branchlets red-brown or purple-brown, old branches brown-red. Petiole 3–10 mm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong or narrowly orbicular-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4–12 × 1.7–4.5 cm, subleathery or thickly papery, abaxially mixed with very few orange-red or yellowish short glandular hairs, or mixed velutinous with very dense short stiff hairs, adaxially stiffly hairy on veins and midvein, reticulate veins raised abaxially, base rounded or subcordate, margin long stiffly ciliate, apex long acuminate, acuminate, or acute. Flower pairs axillary, often slightly clustered into corymbs of several whorls on branchlets; peduncle 1–5(–8) mm; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes stiffly hairy and glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate to linear, 2–4(–5) mm, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx tube; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, ca. 1 mm, 2/5–1/2 as long as calyx tube. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm, glabrous or sometimes shortly stiffly hairy; lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate to triangular, 1–2 mm, longer than wide. Corolla white, later yellow, (3.5–)4.5–7(–9) cm, outside with ± spreading stiff hairs, minute hairs, and minute glandular hairs, bilabiate; tube 2–5 × as long as labia, inside densely puberulous, inside of labia sparsely puberulous; lobes of upper labium narrowly ovate; lower labium recurved. Stamens and styles slightly exceeding corolla, glabrous. Fruit black, globose or ellipsoid, 8–12 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.
[??*] Forests of mountain valleys or slopes, scrub; 300–500(–1800) m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ??Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [??Bhutan, ??India (Assam), ??Myanmar, ??Nepal].
1a.. Leaves abaxially yellow-brown long stiffly hairy ......................................... 77a. var. macrantha
1b.. Leaves abaxially yellow-brown long stiffly hairy and mixed velutinous with very dense short stiff hairs ............................................................................................................. 77b. var. heterotricha
大花忍冬(原变种) da hua ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium macranthum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 140. 1825; Lonicera guilloni H. Léveillé & Vaniot; L. hirtiflora Champion ex Bentham; L. strigosiflora C. Y. Wu ex X. W. Li.
Leaves yellow-brown long stiffly hairy abaxially.
* Forests of mountain valleys or slopes, scrub; 400–500(–1500) m. Fujian, Guangdong, E Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, SE Yunnan, S Zhejiang.
异毛忍冬yi mao ren dong
Lonicera esquirolii H. Léveillé; L. macranthoides Handel-Mazzetti var. heterotricha (P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang) B. K. Zhou.
Leaves yellow-brown long stiffly hairy and mixed velutinous with very dense short stiff hairs abaxially.
* Forests of hills or mountain valleys, scrub; 300–1300(–1800) m. Fujian, ??Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hunan, W Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.
海南忍冬 hai nan ren dong
Lonicera macrantha (D. Don) Sprengel var. calvescens Chun & How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 74. 1958.
Climbers, glabrous throughout but branchlets and petioles often with sparse, spreading yellowish brown long stiff hairs. Branchlets dark red-purple. Petiole 7–15 mm, united at base forming linear swellings at nodes of branchlets; leaf blade ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, rarely ovate, 7–10.5 × 2–5 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially with few sparse stiff hairs on midvein, veins raised abaxially, base rounded, truncate, or broadly cuneate, margin slightly revolute, ciliate, or glabrous, apex acuminate, acute or cuspidate. Flower pairs axillary at apices of branchlets or clustered into short racemes; peduncle to 1.5 cm; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes ciliate; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, subequaling calyx tube; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, apex rounded or obtuse. Calyx tube oblong, ca. 2 mm; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm. Corolla white, later yellowish, (4–)6 cm, bilabiate; tube ca. 4 mm, outside glabrous or sometimes very sparsely stiffly hairy, inside sparsely puberulous; labia ca. 2 cm, outside sparsely stiffly hairy; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium oblong, deep to 6 mm; middle lobe ovate, shorter; lower labium reflexed. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla; filaments glabrous. Styles subequaling corolla, glabrous. Fruit white, ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Jun.
* Dense forests of mountain valleys, scrub of sandy places along water; 300–1400 m. Hainan.
长花忍冬 chang hua ren dong
Caprifolium longiflorum Lindley, Bot. Reg. 15. 1829; Nintooa longiflora (Lindley) Sweet.
Climbers, subglabrous throughout but young branches, petioles, and inflorescences sometimes slightly yellow-brown stiffly hairy. Branches and branchlets red-brown or purple-brown, smooth. Petiole 5–8(–15) mm, united at base forming linear swellings at nodes; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, very rarely ovate, 5–8(–11) × 2–4(–6) cm, papery or thinly leathery, adaxially nitid, lateral veins 3–5 pairs, veinlets horizontal, veins conspicuously raised abaxially, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Flower pairs often clustered at apices of branchlets into lax racemes; peduncle equaling or slightly exceeding petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm, often ciliate; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Calyx tube oblong, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular-lanceolate, to 1.5 mm, apex long acuminate, ciliate. Corolla white, later yellow, 5–7.5 cm, outside glabrous or with few scattered spreading long glandular hairs or with stiff hairs, bilabiate; tube slender; labia ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Fruit white when mature. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Oct.
* Sparse forests, sunny places along roadsides on mountains; ca. 1700 m. S Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan.
卷瓣忍冬 juan ban ren dong
Climbers, subglabrous throughout. Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 4–6.5 × ca. 2 cm, thinly leathery, midvein raised on both surfaces, lateral veins and veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate or obtuse, decurrent to petiole, margin slightly revolute, apex acuminate. Peduncles at apices of branchlets, 1–1.3 cm; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse; bracteoles ovate, separate or united and flabellate, ca. 1 mm. Calyx tube oblong, 3–3.5 mm; lobes broadly triangular, very short, only ca. 0.5 mm, apex ± acute. Corolla white, later yellow, ca. 8 cm, bilabiate; tube ca. 5.4 cm, inside pubescent; labia ca. 2.8 cm; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium nearly to 1 cm, linear-oblong; middle lobe very short; lower labium cylindric, revolute. Filaments subequaling corolla; anthers ca. 4 mm. Styles exserted; stigmas stout, sparsely villous. Fruit black. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Nov.
* Mountains, streamsides; ca. 1200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.
大果忍冬 da guo ren dong
Climbers, evergreen, subglabrous throughout. Branchlets dark red or brownish, sometimes shortly hispid. Petiole to 1–2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, oblong, or obovate-elliptic, 7–15 × 4–7.5 cm, leathery, base rounded, slightly decurrent to petiole, apex acute or acuminate. Flower pairs solitary in leaf axils or clustered into short racemes at apices of branchlets; peduncle 4–15 mm; bracts triangular, ca. 1.5 mm; bracteoles ovate-triangular, 1–1.5 mm. Calyx tube 6–8 mm; limb cupular; lobes triangular, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, later yellow, large, (9–)10–12 cm; tube (5–)6–7 cm, ca. 4 mm in diam., bilabiate; 2 lateral lobes of upper labium nearly up to 3/8 of labia; middle lobe 5–6 mm. Stamens shorter than corolla; filaments adpressed pubescent; anthers linear, 7–8 mm. Styles equaling corolla, pubescent. Fruit pyriform, ovoid, large, ca. 2.5 cm. Fl. Mar–Jul, fr. May–Aug.
Forests, scrub in moist places of forest margins; 1000–2300 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].
西南忍冬 xi nan ren dong
Caprifolium bournei (Hemsley) Kuntze; Lonicera obscura Collett & Hemsley.
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely yellow pubescent; old branches brownish, glabrous or subglabrous. Petiole 2–6 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong, ovate-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, (1.5–)2.5–7.5 × (1.3–)2–3 cm, thinly leathery, adaxially nitid, both surfaces glabrous throughout but pubescent on midvein and sparsely shortly hairy along margin, midvein and lateral veins raised abaxially, base rounded or sometimes slightly cordate, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers fragrant; flower pairs clustered on branchlets or laterally at apices of short branches into short racemes; peduncle very short; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes minutely ciliate; bracts lanceolate, ½–2 × as long as calyx tube; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or obovate, very small, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube. Calyx tube elliptic or oblong, ca. 2 mm; lobes ovate-triangular or subtriangular, very short, ca. 0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, later yellow, 3–4.5 cm, outside glabrous, bilabiate; labia very short, ca. 1/8 as long as tube. Stamens and styles not exceeding corolla; anthers 2-2.5 mm. Styles sparsely puberulous. Fruit red, globose, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May.
[??*] Forests; 800–2000 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [??Myanmar].
灰毡毛忍冬 hui zhan mao ren dong
Climbers. Young branches and peduncles thinly tomentose with short adpressed hairs, sometimes mixed with minute glandular hairs, later castanean-brown, nitid and subglabrous, very rarely spreading long hispid on lower part of young branches. Petiole 6–10 mm, thinly tomentose with short stiff hairs, sometimes spreading long stiffly hairy; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong to broadly lanceolate, 5–14 × 2–4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially gray-white or sometimes grayish yellow velutinous with short stiff hairs, and with scattered dark orange-yellow minute glandular hairs, adaxially glabrous, reticulate veins raised and conspicuously beehive-like [??honey-comblike] [abaxially??], base rounded, slightly cordate, or attenuate, apex acute or acuminate. Flower pairs often clustered at apices of branchlets into panicles; peduncle 0.5–3 mm; bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2–4 mm, together with outside of calyx lobes minutely velutinous and ciliate; bracteoles orbicular-ovate or obovate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx tube, ciliate. Calyx tube often with blue-white powder, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or sometimes hairy in upper half or throughout; lobes triangular, ca. 1 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla white, later yellow, 3.5–4.5(–6) cm, outside strigose and orange-yellow glandular hairy, bilabiate; tube equaling or slightly exceeding labia, slender, inside densely pubescent; lobes of upper labium ovate, base auriculate; 2 lateral lobes deep to ½; middle lobe ca. 1/2 as long as lateral lobes; lower labium linear-lanceolate, revolute. Stamens inserted at apex of corolla tube, together with styles exserted, glabrous. Fruit black, often with blue-white powder, globose, 6–10 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Mixed forests, scrub; 500–1800 m. S Anhui, NW Fujian, Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan, Zhejiang.
滇西忍冬 dian xi ren dong
Climbers. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles densely gray-white curved pubescent. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade ovate, 2.5–5 × 1–2.7 cm, papery, abaxially gray-white, velutinous with short minute hairs, adaxially nitid, subglabrous throughout except on midvein at base, reticulate veins raised [abaxially??] and beehive-like [??honey-comblike], base cuneate or rounded, margin revolute, apex mucronate. Flower pairs solitary in leaf axils; peduncle 8–15 mm, slender; bracts leaflike, stipitate, linear to lanceolate, 4–14 mm, with same indumentum as leaves; bracteoles triangular or ovate-triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, outside gray-white velutinous and ciliate, apex ± acute. Calyx tube ovate, 1.5–2 mm, sparsely pubescent in upper half; lobes triangular, sparsely pubescent, outside and along margin shortly stiffly hairy, apex acute. Corolla 2.5–5 cm, bilabiate; tube 2.2–3.2 cm, slender, outside densely strigose, inside densely pubescent; upper labium 4-lobed; lower labium reflexed. Stamens exserted from corolla; filaments glabrous. Styles exceeding stamens, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Fl. ???.
Mountains; ca. 200 m. W Yunnan [N Myanmar].
皱叶忍冬 zhou ye ren dong
??Caprifolium reticulatum Kuntze; ??Lonicera reticulata Champion.
Climbers, evergreen. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles yellow-brown velutinous with short stiff hairs. Petiole 8–15 mm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, or ovate-oblong to oblong, 3–10 × 1–4 cm, leathery, abaxially white velutinous with short minute hairs, yellow-white when dry, veins conspicuously impressed [which side??] and wrinkled, subglabrous except for midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate, rarely truncate, margin revolute, apex subrounded or obtuse and mucronate. Flower pairs axillary in small corymbs, or arranged in panicles at apices of branches; peduncle often with bractlike small leaves; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx tube, together with bracteoles and calyx lobes densely shortly stiffly hairy and ciliate; bracteoles narrowly ovate to orbicular-ovate, shorter than or nearly as long as calyx tube, apex ± acute. Calyx tube powdery-blue, ovate-orbicular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or sometimes ± shortly stiffly hairy; lobes subulate, 1–2 mm, apex ± acute. Corolla white, later yellow, 2.5–3.5(–4.5) cm, outside densely shortly strigose and mixed ± shortly stipitate glandular hairy, bilabiate, puberulous in lower part inside of labia and inside of tube; upper labium erect; lower labium reflexed. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; filaments glabrous or with a line of sparse white hairs on inner side; anthers 2.5–3 mm. Styles exserted, glabrous; stigmas large, stout. Fruit blue-black, ellipsoid, 7–8 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Scrub, forests; 400–1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, NE Guangxi, ??Guizhou, S Hunan, SW Jiangxi.
细毡毛忍冬 xi zhan mao ren dong
Climbers, deciduous. Young branches, petioles, and peduncles with yellowish brown, spreading long stiff hairs and short minute hairs, and scattered glandular hairs, or glabrous throughout; old branches brown. Petiole 3–8(–12) mm; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3–10(–13.5) × 1.5–4.5 cm, papery, abaxially minutely gray-white or gray-yellow velutinous with soft hairs, long stiffly hairy or glabrous on veins, sparsely hairy on old leaves and reticulate veinlets conspicuously raised abaxially, adaxially stiffly adpressed hairy on midvein at first, glabrescent, lateral veins and veinlets impressed adaxially, base rounded or truncate to slightly cordate, slightly inequilateral, [margin??] stiffly ciliate or not, apex acute to acuminate. Flower pairs solitary in leaf axils or several clustered at apices of branches into racemes; peduncles on lower part to 4 cm, gradually shorter upward; bracts, bracteoles, and calyx lobes sparsely stiffly hairy and ciliate or glabrous; bracts triangular-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2(–4.5) mm; bracteoles ovate to orbicular, very small, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube. Calyx tube elliptic to narrowly orbicular, 2(–3) mm, glabrous; lobes subtriangular, to 1 × 1 mm. Corolla white, later yellowish, (1.5–)3–6 cm, outside with spreading long and short stiff hairs and glandular hairs or glabrous, bilabiate; tube 3–3.6 cm, exceeding labia, slender, inside puberulous; upper labium 1.4–2.2 cm, lobes oblong or ovate-oblong, 2–5.5 mm; lower labium linear, ca. 2 cm, inside puberulous. Stamens subequaling corolla; filaments ca. 2 cm, glabrous. Styles slightly exceeding corolla, glabrous. Fruit blue-black, ovoid, 7–9 mm; seeds brown, slightly compressed, ovoid or oblong, ca. 5 mm. Fl. May–Jun(–Jul), fr. Sep–Oct.
Streamsides in mountain valleys, scrub and forests on sunny mountain slopes; 400–1600(–2200) m. ??Anhui, S Fujian, S Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, ??Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar].
1a.. Corolla more than 4 cm; leaves abaxially gray-white to gray-yellow tomentose with short soft hairs 86a. var. similis
1b.. Corolla less than 3 cm; leaves abaxially gray-white tomentose with both long and short soft hairs 86b. var. omeiensis
细毡毛忍冬 (原变种) xi zhan mao ren dong (yuan bian zhong)
Caprifolium simile (Hemsley) Kuntze; Lonicera delavayi Franchet; L. macrantha de Candolle var. biflora Collett & Hemsley; L. similis var. delavayi (Franchet) Rehder.
Leaves gray-white to gray-yellow tomentose with short soft hairs. Corolla more than 4 cm.
Streamsides in mountain valleys, scrub and forests on sunny mountain slopes; 500–1600(–2200) m. S Fujian, S Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar].
峨眉忍冬 e mei ren dong
Lonicera omeiensis (P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang) B. K. Zhou.
Leaves gray-white tomentose with both long and short soft hairs. Corolla less than 3 cm.
* Mountain valleys, scrub on mountain slopes; 400–1700 m. Sichuan.
川黔忍冬 chuan qian ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets and leaves glabrous. Petiole short; leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic to oblong-obovate or oblong, 6–11 × (1.5–)4–5 cm, abaxially usually pruinose, base attenuate and decurrent, margin cartilaginous, apex obtuse; 1 pair of leaves at apex of branchlets connate at base and discoid, apex acute. Flowers verticillate at apices of branchlets, 6 per whorl; peduncle absent; bracteoles suborbicular, ¼–1/3 as long as calyx tube, ciliate. Calyx tube glandular hairy at end [apex??]; limb ca. 1/4 as long as tube; lobes orbicular, short, stiffly ciliate. Corolla yellow, subregular, infundibuliform, 2.5–3.5 cm, outside with sparse long stiff hairs and glands, inside puberulous; lobes slightly unequal, ovate, 7–8 mm, apex rounded. Stamens inserted slightly below base of corolla lobes; filaments subequaling anthers. Styles exserted, glabrous. Fruit red, subglobose, ca. 7 mm in diam.; seeds whitish, ellipsoid, ca. 2 mm, finely reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct.
* Shaded places in forests on mountain slopes; 1500–2500 m. Guizhou, Sichuan.
肉叶忍冬 rou ye ren dong
Climbers, glabrous throughout. Leaf blade triangular-ovate or ovate to ovate-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, 4.5–8.5 × 3–6 cm, thinly leathery and slightly fleshy, abaxially pruinose, base subtruncate to rounded or broadly cuneate, decurrent to very short petiole and then slightly united with opposite petiole, apex obtuse or rounded or sometimes retuse. Calyx tube not glandular hairy; lobes not ciliate. Corolla creamy-yellow, ca. 2 cm, glabrous, red inside; 1 lobe larger than others. Stamens inserted slightly below base of corolla lobes; filaments subequaling anthers. Styles glabrous, exserted. Fruit red, subglobose, ca. 7 mm in diam.; seeds whitish, ellipsoid, finely reticulate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct.
* Shaded, moist rocks; ca. 1700 m. Sichuan.
云南忍冬 yun nan ren dong
Lonicera mairei H. Léveillé; L. yunnanensis var. linearifolia C. Y. Wu ex X. W. Li; L. yunnanensis var. tenuis Rehder.
Climbers. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, rarely obovate or obovate-elliptic, 2–10 × (0.7–)2–3.5(–6.5) cm, papery, abaxially powdery-green and glabrous or adpressed puberulous, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse to rounded and decurrent to short petiole and slightly united with opposite petiole, apex obtuse and mucronulate; 1 or 2 pairs of leaves under inflorescences connate at base and discoid. Flowers fragrant, verticillate, sessile, 1 to several whorls clustered into a shortly pedunculate capitulum. Calyx lobes triangular, short. Corolla white or yellow, 1.5–2.5 cm, outside glabrous, bilabiate; tube swollen below middle slightly on one side, ca. 2 × as long as labia, inside puberulous; lower labium linear, longer than upper labium. Stamens and styles exserted, glabrous. Fruit red, black when mature. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Forests on mountain slopes, scrub; 1700–3000 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
长睫毛忍冬 chang jie mao ren dong
Climbers. Branchlets and calyx tube with dense, white, spreading, long stiff hairs and minute glandular hairs; winter buds with ca. 3 pairs of outer scales. Leaves very shortly petiolate; leaf blade abaxially powdery-green, oblong to linear-oblong, 3.5–5 × 1–1.5 cm, papery, abaxially strigose, often minutely glandular hairy on both surfaces, adaxially sparsely long strigose, gradually glabrescent, base cuneate, margin long ciliate, apex obtuse or mucronate. Flowers 5- or 6-verticillate at apices of branchlets, subtended at base by 2 cordate-ovate to narrowly ovate large leaflike bracts. Calyx lobes orbicular-ovate, very small. Corolla yellowish in bud, ca. 1.5 cm, outside with few spreading long stiff hairs; tube slightly swollen at or below middle on one side, with many minute glandular hairs. Fl. Apr, fr. unknown.
* Mountains; ca. 1900 m. Sichuan (Xichang).
盘叶忍冬 pan ye ren dong
Caprifolium tragophyllum Kuntze; Lonicera harmsii Graebner ex Diels.
Climbers, deciduous. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole very short or absent; leaf blade abaxially powdery-green, oblong or ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, (4–)5–12 × 2–3 cm, papery, both surfaces shortly stiffly hairy or with dense transverse yellowish stiff barbate hairs at least on lower part of midvein, very rarely glabrous, midvein sometimes purple-reddish at base, base cuneate, apex obtuse or ± acute; 1 or 2 pairs of leaves below inflorescences connate into a suborbicular or orbicular-ovate disc usually obtuse or mucronate at both ends. Flowers 3 in cymes and clustered into a capitulum at apices of branchlets, altogether to 6–9(–18)-flowered. Calyx tube urceolate, ca. 3 mm; lobes triangular or ovate, small, apex obtuse. Corolla yellow to orange-yellow, reddish outside in upper part, 5–9 cm, outside glabrous, bilabiate; tube slightly arched, 2–3 × as long as labia, inside sparsely puberulous. Stamens inserted at base of labia, subequaling labia, glabrous. Styles exserted, glabrous. Fruit turning from yellow to red-yellow when mature, eventually deep red, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Oct.
* Forests, scrub, rocky crevices at river sides; (700–)1000–2000(–3000) m. Anhui, S Gansu, N Guizhou, SW Hebei, NW Henan, Hubei, S Ningxia, Shaanxi, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
鬼吹箫属 gui chui xiao shu
Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous. Young branches often hollow. Leaves simple, opposite, margin entire or serrate, rarely shallowly divided; stipules present or absent. Inflorescence spicate or thyrsoid-cymose, terminal or axillary, sometimes clustered and capitate, often with conspicuous leaf-like bracts. Calyx lobes 5. Corolla white, pink, or purple-red, sometimes orange-yellow, infundibuliform, regular; lobes 5. Stamens 5; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 5–8(–10)-loculed, with numerous ovules per locule; styles long, slender; stigmas peltate or capitate. Fruit a berry, with persistent calyx; seeds minute, numerous.
About eight species: Sino-Himalayan region; five species in China (one endemic).
??Leycesteria crocothyrsos Airy-Shaw.
1a. Flowers 2 per whorl.
2a. Stipules absent; leaves subentire or dentate, petioles 5–18 mm; filaments and ovary glabrous; bracts shorter than ovary ................................................................................................... 4. L. gracilis
2b. Stipules present; leaves serrate except at base, petioles 1–2 mm; filaments and ovary pubescent; bracts longer than ovary ................................................................................ 5. L. glaucophylla
1b. Flowers 6 per whorl.
3a. Spikes with only 1 whorl of flowers; corolla sparsely glandular hairy ............... 2. L. sinensis
3b. Inflorescence with 2 to several whorls of flowers; corolla outside pubescent or glabrous.
4a. Stipules absent; abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences sparsely adpressed pubescent or subglabrous; corolla outside pubescent ..................................................... 1. L. formosa
4b. Stipule present; abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences densely tomentose; corolla outside glabrous ................................................................................................ 3. L. stipulata
鬼吹箫 gui chui xiao
Leycesteria formosa var. brachysepala Airy-Shaw; L. formosa var. glandulosissima Airy-Shaw; L. formosa var. stenosepala Rehder; L. limprichtii H. Winkler.
Shrubs, 1–5 m tall, often sparsely or densely dark red short glandular hairy throughout. Branchlets, petioles, peduncles, bracts, and calyx lobes adpressed pubescent. Petiole 5–12(–15) mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong to ovate, 4–13 × 2–6 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely adpressed-pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially pubescent, more densely so on midvein, base rounded to subcordate or broadly cuneate, margin often entire, sometimes remotely dentate or irregularly sinuate, apex long caudate to acuminate. Spikes terminal or axillary, 1- to several whorled, with 6 flowers per whorl; peduncle (8–)10–25(–30) mm; bracts leaflike, green, purplish, or purple-red; bracteoles very small, less than 1 mm. Calyx tube oblong, 3–4 mm, densely glandular hairy; limb 5-lobed; lobes orbicular-ovate or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1–9 mm, sometimes 2 longer and remaining 3 shorter. Corolla white or pink, sometimes purple-red, infundibuliform, (1.2–)1.4–1.8 cm, outside pubescent; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 5 mm. Stamens subequaling corolla; anthers oblong. Styles slightly exceeding corolla; stigmas peltate; ovary 5-loculed. Fruit red, turning black-purple, ovoid or subglobose, 5–7 mm in diam., with persistent calyx lobes; seeds numerous, brownish, broadly ellipsoid to oblong, slightly compressed, minute, 1.2–1.5 mm. Fl. (May–)Jun–Sep(–Oct), fr. (Aug–)Sep–Oct. 2n = 18.
Forests, forest margins, scrub; 1100–3500 m. W Guizhou, W Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, ??Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
华鬼吹箫 hua gui chui xiao
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets subherbaceous, glabrous. Petiole ca. 5 mm, pubescent with sparse coarse hairs and glandular hairs; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 2.5–6.5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, ciliate, adaxially pubescent, base rounded or subtruncate, margin dentate, apex long caudate to mucronate. Spikes terminal on branchlets, 1-whorled, composed of 6 flowers; peduncle 5–10 mm, sparsely glandular hairy; bracts 6, leaflike, both sides minutely glandular hairy, lowest pair largest, broadly ovate, 1–2 cm, upper 2 pairs ovate to lanceolate, 8–10 mm; bracteoles lanceolate or oblanceolate, smaller, shorter than calyx tube, shortly glandular hairy. Calyx tube 5–6 mm, with dense, brown-yellow glandular hairs; limb shallowly cupular in lower part, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, (2–)3–5(–7) mm, sparsely minutely glandular hairy and glandular ciliolate. Corolla pink, infundibuliform, 1.3–1.5 cm, outside sparsely minutely glandular hairy; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens subequaling corolla lobes. Ovary 5-loculed; stigmas peltate, slightly exserted from corolla. Fruit red, ovoid-orbicular; seeds numerous, subrounded, minute, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Sep.
* Forests, forest margins; 1900–2700 m. Yunnan.
绵毛鬼吹箫 mian mao gui chui xiao
Lonicera stipulata J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 165. 1858; Pentapyxis stipulata (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) J. D. Hooker ex C. B. Clarke.
Shrubs, ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets pubescent, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences densely gray-white lanate. Stipules persistent, conspicuous, suborbicular, 6–8 mm, abaxially lanate, adaxially pubescent; petiole 8–10 mm; leaf blade adaxially shiny, oblong-lanceolate, 8–15(–20) × 3.5–6 cm, thickly papery, glabrous adaxially, veinlets reticulate, conspicuously impressed, midvein and lateral veins raised abaxially, base rounded, inequilateral, margin slightly involute, remotely shallowly dentate, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Spikes axillary, short, 1–3-whorled, with 6 flowers and 6 brown leaflike bracts per whorl; bracts orbicular-ovate to lanceolate, exceeding calyx tube; peduncle short, 8–12 mm. Corolla white, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Fruit lanate, ca. 1.9 cm; seeds brownish yellow, ellipsoid or subglobose, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.
Broad-leaved forests, grassy places; 1300–2000 m. Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar].
纤细鬼吹箫 qian xi gui chui xiao
Lonicera gracilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39(2): 77. 1870.
Shrubs, 1.5–3(–4) m tall. Stipules absent; petiole 6–10 mm, pubescent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 7–12(–18) × 2.5–6.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially strongly glaucous, sparsely pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially sparsely glandular dentate and sparsely ciliate, pubescent at base of midvein, base rounded, truncate or subcordate, margin slightly involute, apex acuminate to long caudate. Spikes terminal or axillary, 1–3-whorled, with 2 flowers, 1 bract, and 2 bracteoles per whorl; bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 1/3 or 1/2 as long as calyx tube, sparsely pubescent and glandular ciliate. Calyx tube 5–6 mm, narrower and slender at apex, sometimes pubescent; limb 2.5–3.5 mm, connate and shallowly cupular in lower part; lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, often glandular ciliolate. Corolla white, infundibuliform, 1.5–2 cm; lobes ovate or orbicular-ovate, 5–7 mm. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Ovary (5–)7- or 8(–10)-loculed, with numerous ovules. Fruit red, turning blue-purple, oblong or ellipsoid, 1–1.3 cm; seeds numerous, subrounded, minute, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. (Sep–)Oct–Nov(–Dec), fr. (Mar–)Apr–May.
Forests, thickets; 2000–3800 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
西域鬼吹箫 xi yu gui chui xiao
Lonicera glaucophylla J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 165. 1858; Leycesteria glaucophylla var. thibetica (H. J. Wang) J. F. Huang; L. thibetica H. J. Wang.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets of current year herbaceous, sparsely pubescent and shortly glandular hairy; branchlets of previous year subglabrous. Stipules persistent or deciduous, variously shaped, broadly obovate, reniform, suborbicular, or ovate, 3–5(–10) mm, densely pubescent abaxially; petiole short, ca. 4 mm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–10.5 × 2–6 cm, papery, abaxially densely gray-white pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent and minutely glandular hairy, base rounded, inequilateral, margin slightly involute, sparsely serrate but entire at base, apex acuminate, long acuminate, or mucronate. Inflorescence axillary, 1- or 2-whorled, with 2 flowers per whorl; peduncle short, 5–8 mm; bracts 2, leaflike, ovate to narrowly ovate, bracteoles 4, ovate to narrowly ovate. Calyx tube 1–2 mm, outside sparsely glandular hairy; lobes narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 4–6 mm. Corolla greenish or white; lobes ovate, ca. 4 mm. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla. Ovary 5-loculed, with numerous ovules. Fruit yellow-green, ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.3–1.4 × ca. 1 cm, long strigose and shortly glandular hairy, 5-loculed, many seeded per locule; seeds yellowish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or ovoid, small, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar–Sep, fr. Jun–Nov.
Tsuga forest margins; 1800–2600 m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal].
