ADOXACEAE [dRAFT]

1. VIBURNUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 267. 1753, nom. cons.

荚蒾属  jia mi shu

Qin-er Yang(杨亲二); Valéry Malécot

Actinotinus Oliver, p.p.; Microtinus Oersted; Thyrsosma Rafinesque; Solenotinus Oersted.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or sometimes evergreen. Branchlets pubescent or glabrous; winter buds perulate or naked. Leaves simple, petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobed; stipules usually small or absent. Inflorescence terminal, compound, corymbose- or paniculate-cymose. Flowers small, actinomorphic, but sometimes marginal flowers of inflorescence enlarged, somewhat zygomorphic and sterile; bracts and bracteoles usually small and caducous. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla white, rarely reddish, rotate or campanulate to tubular, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-loculed, one locule fertile with a single ovule, and 2 sterile; styles short; stigmas slightly 3-lobed. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe with a compressed pyrene, red, black, or rarely yellow when mature.

About 200 species: mostly in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia and South America; ca. 71 species in China (??#endemic).

Doubtful species: Viburnum wrightii Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2(Prol. Fl. Jap. 155): 267. 1866. This species was recorded in FRPS as occurring in Anhui and Zhejiang, but we could not satisfactorily identify this species.

Doubtful taxa: Viburnum versatile R. H. Miao, W. B. Liao & Q. Y. Sun. 1999. Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni, 38(6): 129 = not Caprifoliaceae but apparently Rubiaceae (Malécot, V. 2004. La diversité des Viburnum. Hommes et plantes 49: 22–27).

Under the genus Viburnum, a few other names have been published for the flora’s area:

Viburnum corylifolium Hook. f. & Thoms. 1858 Journ. Linn.Soc. 2: 174

China, Assam, Tibet=Xizang; taxonomy: distinct according to H. Hara 1983

Viburnum luzonicum var. formosanum f. oblongum Kanehira & Sasaki,Masamune et al., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22: 38. 1932.Taiwan: Fukuyama 1441. (See Li, 1963. Woody Flora of Taiwan pp. 891-898)

Viburnum nervosum var. hassianum Loesener,Beih. Bot. Centralbl.37(2): 185. 1919.Shantung: Forstamt 114, 596; Zimmermann 531.

Viburnum ovatifolium Rehder in Sargent 1908 Trees and Shrubs 2: 115

W China; close or conspecific with Viburnum betulifolium or Viburnum erosum

Viburnum sphaerocarpum Y.C. Liu & C.H. Ou 1979 Quart. J. Chinese Forest 12(1) : 138

Taiwan; taxonomy =???

Viburnum thaiyongense W. W. Smith 1916 Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 9 : 140

China (Kwangtung=Guangdong); close or conspecific with Viburnum mullaha or Viburnum fordiae

 

1a.     Winter buds naked; plant stellate-pubescent, not lepidote; fruit from red to black when mature.

2a.    Inflorescence not pedunculate; pyrenes with 1 dorsal groove and 1 deep ventral groove; endosperm ruminate.

3a.     Inflorescence without large sterile flowers ...........................................  13. V. nervosum

3b.     Inflorescence with large sterile flowers on margin ..............................  14. V. sympodiale

2b.    Inflorescence pedunculate; pyrenes usually with 2 dorsal grooves and (1–)3 ventral grooves; endosperm solid.

4a.     Plant mostly evergreen; leaves entire or indistinctly dentate; lateral veins often anastomosing near margin, not directly ending in teeth.

5a.     Calyx tube glabrous; leaves 2–6(–8.5) cm, veins adaxially not impressed.

6a.    Corolla campanulate-infundibuliform, lobes shorter than tube; old leaves abaxially evenly stellate-pubescent, hairs not totally covering leaf surface ..............  8. V. congestum

6b.    Corolla rotate, lobes ca. as long as or slightly longer than tube; stellate hairs totally covering abaxial surfaces of old leaves ..........................................................................  9. V. utile

5b.     Calyx tube ± stellate-pubescent; leaves 5–25 cm.

7a.    Leaves lanceolate-oblong to narrowly oblong, usually 5–15 × 1.5–4.5 cm, thickly papery when old; lateral veins and veinlets adaxially slightly impressed, not obviously rugose; petioles 1–2 cm; corolla outside sparsely stellate-pubescent ........................................  10.V. chinshanense

7b.    Leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong; usually 8–25 × 2.5–8 cm, leathery; midvein, lateral veins, and veinlets adaxially deeply impressed, strongly rugose; petioles 1.5–4 cm; corolla outside subglabrous ......................................................................  11. V. rhytidophyllum

4b.     Plant deciduous in winter; leaf margin often dentate.

8a.     Lateral veins directly ending in teeth, not anastomosing, or at least mostly so.

9a.    Calyx tube glabrous; corolla lobes shorter than tube ....................  1.V. cotinifolium

9b.    Calyx tube stellate-pubescent; corolla lobes nearly as long as tube  2. V. glomeratum

8b.     Lateral veins anastomosing near margin, not directly ending in teeth, or at least mostly so.

10a.   Inflorescence with large sterile radiant flowers ....................  3. V. macrocephalum

10b.   Inflorescence with only fertile flowers, without large sterile radiant flowers.

11a.   Corolla rotate, tube shorter than lobes.

12a.   Branchlets of previous year pale brown; leaves apically obtuse or rounded, rarely ± acute; flowers mostly on rays of 3rd and 4th orders; pyrenes dorsally raised  4. V. schensianum

12b.   Branchlets of previous year yellow-white; leaves apically usually acute, rarely slightly obtuse; flowers mostly on rays of 2nd order; pyrenes with 2 dorsal grooves  5. V. burejaeticum

11b.   Corolla tubular-campanulate, rarely hypocrateriform, tube obviously longer than lobes.

13a.   Corolla hypocrateriform .......................................................  12. V. carlesii

13b.   Corolla tubular-campanulate.

14a.   Leaves broadly ovate or elliptic to suborbicular, 2.5–6 cm, apex acute or obtuse; petioles 4–10 mm; flowers usually on rays of 1st order; corolla yellow-white  6. V. mongolicum

14b.   Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 7–15 cm, apex long acuminate; petioles 1–4 cm; flowers on rays from 2nd to 4th order; corolla purple outside  7. V. urceolatum

1b.     Winter buds with 1 or 2 (very rarely 3 or more) pairs of scales; if naked, then buds, young branchlets, abaxial surfaces of leaves, inflorescences, calyces, corollas, and fruit lepidote.

15a.   Pyrenes globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, with or without a shallow and narrow ventral groove, absolutely not compressed; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme; fruit blue-black or turning from blue to black; plant evergreen; leaves glabrous or subglabrous.

16a.   Leaves pinnativeined .....................................................................  15. V. atrocyaneum

16b.   leaves triplinerved.

17a.   Leaves apically obtuse to rounded, 2–6 (–7.5) cm, entire; peduncle ca. 1 cm  16.V. triplinerve

17b.   Leaves apically acute to acuminate; peduncle 1.5–4(–5) cm.

18a.   Corolla white; old leaves thickly leathery; veinlets adaxially deeply impressed, obviously rugose    19. V. davidii

18b.   Corolla greenish white or yellowish green; old leaves leathery; veinlets adaxially sometimes slightly impressed, not obviously rugose.

19a.   Inflorescence 4–5 cm in diam., glabrous; leaves 3–9(–11) cm, margin often serrate         17. V. propinquum

19b.   Inflorescence lax, 6–15 in diam.; leaves 6–13(–18) cm, margin entire or remotely serrate toward apex ..........................................................................  18.V. cinnamomifolium

15b.   Pyrenes not as above; if ellipsoid, then pyrenes with a deep ventral groove wide in upper part yet narrow in lower part; inflorescence not as above; fruit red when mature, or turning from red to black, rarely yellow.

20a.   Winter buds surrounded by 2 pairs of connate scales; leaves (2- or)3(or 4)-lobed; petiolar apex or leaf base with 2–4 conspicuous glands.

21a.   Inflorescence without large sterile flowers; leaves 2- or 3(or 4)-lobed; petioles not longer than 2.5 cm .....................................................................................................  70. V. koreanum

21b.   Inflorescence with large sterile flowers on margin; leaves usually 3-lobed or those in upper part of branchlets undivided; petioles 2–4 cm ..................................................  71. V. opulus

20b.   Winter buds with 1 or 2 pairs of separate scales; glands absent at petiolar apex or leaf base.

22a.   Leaves palmately 3–5-lobed, palmativeined ....................................  69. V. kansuense

22b.   Leaves not divided or 2- or 3-lobed, mostly pinnativeined, sometimes two lateral leaves at base appearing triplinerved.

23a.   Inflorescence compound umbel-like or umbel-like, with large sterile flowers; pyrenes with 1 ventral groove broad in upper part yet narrow in lower part.

24a.   Leaves with more than 10 pairs of lateral veins; peduncle with 6–8 rays  38. V. plicatum

24b.   Leaves with 5–7(–9) pairs of lateral veins; peduncle usually with 5 rays  39. V. hanceanum

23b.   Inflorescence not as above, without large sterile flowers; pyrenes usually not as above.

25a.   Inflorescence a panicle or a corymb, very rarely clustered; pyrenes usually globose or slightly compressed, with a deep ventral groove broad in upper part yet narrow in lower part.

26a.   Corolla rotate, lobes longer than tube.

27a.   Leaves papery, abaxially with red-brown glandular dots; young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-brown stellate-pubescent .........  30. V. yunnanense

27b.   Leaves thickly papery to leathery, abaxially without red-brown glandular dots.

28a.   Panicle corymb-like; if inflorescence shortly paniculate, then leaves abaxially without holes in vein axils .............................................  37. V. corymbiflorum

28b.   Panicle pyramidal; if inflorescence corymb-like, then leaves abaxially with pedate holes in vein axils.

29a.   Lateral veins at least partly directly ending in teeth; inflorescence glabrous or subglabrous .............................................................  32. V. henryi

29b.   Lateral veins arched and anastomosing near margin, not directly ending in teeth.

30a.   Leaves thickly papery; pyrenes slightly compressed  36. V. tengyuehense

30b.   Leaves leathery; pyrenes ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid.

31a.   Calyx and corolla glabrous; pyrenes ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, apex subrounded ..........................................................  34. V. odoratissimum

31b.   Calyx and corolla, or at least calyx stellate-pubescent outside; pyrenes ovoid or narrowly ovoid, apex acuminate .........  35. V. brachybotryum

26b.   Corolla infundibuliform or hypocrateriform, very rarely rotate-campanulate, lobes shorter than tube.

32a.   Stamens inserted at different heights on corolla tube; flowers opening before leaves or at same time; leaves papery.

33a.   Inflorescence a panicle, at apices of short branchlets with young leaves; bracts subglabrous .................................................................  20. V. farreri

33b.   Inflorescence clustered, at apices of short branchlets without young leaves; bracts densely silvery sericeous initially .........................  21. V. grandiflorum

32b.   Stamens inserted at apex of corolla tube; flowers opening after leaves; leaves papery to leathery.

34a.   Leaves papery, abaxially with pedate holes in vein axils; inflorescence 3–4 cm  31. V. brevitubum

34b.   Leaves abaxially without pedate holes in vein axils, otherwise leaves leathery, not papery; inflorescence usually longer than 6 cm.

35a.   Lateral veins mostly directly ending in teeth; leaves papery.

36a.   Corolla hypocrateriform, tube 5–6(–8) cm; stamens slightly exceeding corolla tube ...................................................................  22. V. erubescens

36b.   Corolla rotate-campanulate, tube ca. 3 mm; stamens obviously exceeding corolla tube .............................................................  23. V. shweliense

35b.   Lateral veins mostly anastomosing near margin; leaves papery or thickly papery to leathery.

37a.   Panicle usually more than 5 cm in diam. ......  29.V. trabeculosum

37b.   Panicle usually less than 5 cm in diam.

38a.   Leaves abaxially with red-brown glandular dots, suborbicular  28. V. subalpinum

38b.   Leaves abaxially without red-brown glandular dots, not suborbicular.

39a.   Leaves with acute serrations curved inward or forward.

40a.   Leaves subleathery to leathery, rarely thickly papery; midvein adaxially obviously raised; anthers purple; fruit 6–7 mm; peduncle (1.2–)2.5–7 cm ......................................................  26. V. oliganthum

40b.   Leaves papery; midvein adaxially not obviously raised; anthers yellow-white; fruit 8–10 mm; peduncle (3.5–)6–9 cm  27.V. longipedunculatum

39b.   Leaves serrate, serrations obtuse or acute, apex not curved forward and inward.

41a.   Bracts green, foliaceous, oblong or linear; corolla tube ca. 3.5 mm     25. V. omeiense

41b.   Bracts membranous, not green; corolla tube ca. 4–10 mm.

42a.   Pyrenes with a broad ventral groove ..  24. V. chingii

42b.   Pyrenes with a deep, tube-like ventral groove  33. V. taitoense

25b.   Inflorescence compound umbel-like, rarely a pyramidal panicle consisting of umbels; pyrenes usually compressed, usually with shallow ventral and dorsal grooves.

43a.   Winter buds 2-perulate, very rarely naked.

44a.   Lateral veins totally or at least partly ending in teeth directly; inflorescence at apices of short branchlets with a pair of leaves.

45a.   Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-brown stellate-tomentose; peduncle with 6 or 7 rays ......................................  40. V. amplifolium

45b.   Plant glabrous throughout; peduncle with 5 rays ...........  41. V. laterale

44b.   Lateral veins arched and anastomosing near margin, not directly ending in teeth; inflorescences at apices of branchlets with 1 to several pairs of leaves.

46a.   Winter buds naked; winter buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, inflorescences, and outside of corollas lepidote .....................................................  42. V. punctatum

46b.   Winter buds 2-perulate; plant not lepidote.

47a.   Corolla campanulate; lobes short, erect; leaves abaxially with red or yellow glandular dots ................................................................  43. V. cylindricum

47b.   Corolla rotate.

48a.   Leaves entire or sometimes grossly dentate toward apex, base often glandular spotted on midvein; stamens obviously exceeding corolla, filaments folded in bud.

49a.   Leaves often whorled, 3 per whorl; stipules 2; inflorescence not pedunculate or nearly so ....................................................  44. V. ternatum

49b.   Leaves opposite; stipules absent or caducous; inflorescence pedunculate.

50a.   Leaves pubescent or only so on veins; calyx tube glabrous  45. V. leiocarpum

50b.   Leaves thickly stellate-tomentose; calyx tube stellate-villous     46. V. inopinatum

48b.   Leaves dentate or serrate except at base, base not glandular spotted; stamens slightly exceeding corolla, filaments not folded in bud.

51a.   Branchlets and abaxial leaf surfaces sparsely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; plant elsewhere subglabrous; inflorescence usually compound, umbel-like    47. V. lutescens

51b.   Branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, peduncles, pedicels, and calyces yellow-brown stellate-tomentose; inflorescence a pyramidal panicle composed of 2–4 layers of umbels .........................  48. V. pyramidatum

43b.   Winter buds 4-perulate.

52a.   Leaves with 2–4 pairs of lateral veins, basal pair appearing triplinerved; if leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of lateral veins, then leathery or subleathery; or leaves papery or thickly papery, abaxially with both golden yellow glandular dots and red-brown to black-brown glandular dots.

53a.   Young branchlets quadrangular.

54a.   Leaves abaxially with both golden yellow glandular dots and red-brown to black-brown glandular dots, adaxially usually not nigrescent when dry    49.V. chunii

54b.   Leaves with black or brown glandular dots, nigrescent when dry.

55a.   Calyx tube stellate-pubescent; leaves subleathery  50. V. hainanense

55b.   Calyx tube glabrous; leaves leathery ..........  51. V. sempervirens

53b.   Young branchlets terete.

56a.   Leaves glabrous on both sides, margin entire, apex abruptly narrowed and long caudate .........................................................  54. V. integrifolium

56b.   Leaves stellate-pubescent at least abaxially.

57a.   Leaves usually 1–3 cm, abaxially not stellate-pubescent in vein axils; pyrenes with 1 ventral groove ..........................................  55. V. parvifolium

57b.   Leaves 4–10 cm, abaxially stellate-pubescent in vein axils; pyrenes with 3 ventral grooves ...........................................................  56. V. foetidum

52b.   Leaves with more than 5 pairs of pinnate lateral veins, papery, thickly papery, or thinly leathery, without glandular dots or uniform-colored glandular dots.

58a.   Pyrenes dorsally raised, spatulate; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 9–19 cm.

59a.   Young branchlets, leaves, and petioles glabrous; leaves with ca. 6 pairs of lateral veins ....................................................................  52. V. squamulosum

59b.   Young branchlets, veins on abaxial leaf surfaces and petioles stellate-pubescent; leaves with 7–14 pairs of lateral veins ................  53. V. lancifolium

58b.   Pyrenes usually compressed, not spatulate; if pyrenes shallowly spatulate, then leaves not as above in shape.

60a.   Corolla outside glabrous, very rarely hairy in bud but glabrescent.

61a.   Inflorescence or infructescence nodding; winter buds and leaves nigrescent or slightly pale-black ...........................................  57. V. setigerum

61b.   Inflorescence or infructescence not nodding.

62a.   Peduncle (5–)6–10(–12.5) cm; leaves sometimes shallowly 3-lobed or irregularly divided ...............................  60. V. hengshanicum

62b.   Peduncle shorter than 5 cm; leaves not divided.

63a.   Peduncle usually with 7 rays; flowers on rays of (3rd to)4th to 5th(to 6th) order; fruit red when mature ...............  59. V. betulifolium

63b.   Peduncle usually with 5 rays; flowers on rays of 2nd to 4th order.

64a.   Pyrenes ± shallowly spatulate, ventrally raised; leaves obovate, suborbicular, or broadly elliptic, rarely rhombic-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate; stipules present or absent; fruit black  58. V. melanocarpum

64b.   Pyrenes not spatulate; leaves narrowly ovate, elliptic-ovate, or rhombic-ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate or obovate, apex often acuminate.

65a.   Stipules absent ..........................  67.V. formosanum

65b.   Stipules present ................................  68. V. erosum

60b.   Corolla sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent.

66a.   Leaves abaxially with yellow or whitish transparent glandular dots or sometimes glandular scales ..............................................  61. V. dilatatum

66b.   Leaves abaxially without glandular dots.

67a.   Leaves adaxially with glandular dots; peduncle very short or absent, very rarely to 1.5 cm ..................................................  66. V. luzonicum

67b.   Leaves adaxially without glandular dots; peduncles obviously present, occasionally very short.

68a.   Leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, apex often long acuminate; lateral veins 8–12-jugate .....................................  63. V. dalzielii

68b.   Leaves usually not as above; lateral veins 5–9-jugate.

69a.   Styles very short, shorter than calyx lobes; corolla lobes nearly as long as tube; stamens shorter than corolla; pyrenes 4–6 mm  65. V. mullaha

69b.   Styles exceeding calyx lobes; corolla lobes longer than tube; stamens equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; pyrenes 6–7.5 mm.

70a.   Leaves apically abruptly caudate; lateral veins 7–9-jugate; peduncle usually with 5–7 rays .............  62. V. longiradiatum

70b.   Leaves apically mucronate to shortly acuminate; lateral veins 5–7 (–9)-jugate; peduncle usually with 5 rays  64. V. fordiae

 

1. Viburnum cotinifolium D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 141. 1825.

黄栌叶荚蒾  huang lu ye jia mi

Viburnum multratum K. Koch; V. polycarpum Wallich ex de Candolle.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year’s growth, winter buds, both leaf surfaces, petioles and inflorescences yellow-whitish or gray stellate-tomentose; branchlets slightly 4-angular, slightly gray-brownish, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Petiole 8–12 mm; leaf blade orbicular-ovate or shallowly cordate to ovate-lanceolate, 5–12 × 4–8.5 cm, papery, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, together with their branches reaching tips of teeth, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially; veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially or inconspicuous, base rounded to slightly cordate, margin remotely serrulate or nearly entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence compound-cymose, 5–8 cm in diam., usually with 5 rays; peduncule 1–3 cm, slightly sulcate; flowers in 2nd and 3rd order rays. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, 3–4 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate-orbicular, very short. Corolla white, infundibuliform-campanulate, glabrous; tube 2.5–3 mm, longer than lobes. Fruit compressed-globose; pyrenes ellipsoid to ovoid-oblong, 8–12 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Aug.

Mixed Abies and Quercus forests; 2300–2600 m. S Xizang [Afghanistan, E Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Nepal].

2. Viburnum glomeratum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 26: 483. 1880.

聚花荚蒾  ju hua jia mi

Viburnum glomeratum subsp. magnificum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu; V. glomeratum var. rockii Rehder; V. glomeratum subsp. rotundifolium (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu; V. veitchii C. H. Wright; V. veitchii subsp. magnificum P. S. Hsu; V. veitchii subsp. rotundifolium P. S. Hsu.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 3(–5) m tall. Branchlets of current year’s growth, buds, abaxial surfaces of young leaves, petioles, and inflorescences yellow or yellow-whitish stellate-tomentose. Petiole 1–2 (–3) cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate or broadly ovate, rarely obovate or obovate-oblong, (3.5–)6–10(–19) × (2.5–)3.5–8(–10) cm, papery, abaxially at first densely but later sparsely stellate-tomentose, adaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent, lateral veins 5–11-jugate, together with their branches reaching to tips of teeth, base rounded or ± slightly obliquely cordate, margin dentate, apex obtuse, acute, or shortly acuminate. Inflorescence cymose, 3–6 cm in diam., with (4 or)5–7(–9) rays; peduncule 1–2.5(–7) cm. Calyx tube 1.5–3 mm, stellate-tomentose; lobes ovate, 1–2 mm, ca. as long as or 2 × longer than calyx tube. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes ovate-orbicular, nearly as long as or slightly longer than tube. Stamens slightly taller than corolla lobes; anthers subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fruit red, later black; pyrenes compressed-ellipsoid, 5–7(–9) × (4–)5 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.

Forests, thickets, shaded, moist places on grassy slopes; 600–3200 m. W Anhui, S Gansu, W Henan, W Hubei, Jiangxi, S Ningxia, E Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan, NW Zhejiang [N Myanmar].

3. Viburnum macrocephalum Fortune, J. Hort. Soc. London 2 :244. 1847.

绣球荚蒾  xiu qiu jia mi

Viburnum arborescens Hemsley; ?V. macrocephalum var. indutum Handel-Mazzetti; ?V. macrocephalum var. sterile Dippel.

Shrubs, deciduous or semi-evergreen, to 4 m tall. Bark gray-brownish or gray-whitish; buds, young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely gray-whitish or yellow-whitish stellate-pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves gradually deciduous in early winter and spring of following year; petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5–11 × 2–5 cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent, adaxially densely stellate-pubescent at first, later only so on midvein, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, anastomosing near margin, together with midvein raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded or sometimes slightly cordate, margin denticulate, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Inflorescence cymose, 8–15 cm in diam., composed of large sterile flowers, with 5 rays; peduncule 1–2 cm. Flowers on rays of 3rd order. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm, glabrous; lobes oblong, nearly as long as tube, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, 1.5–4 cm in diam.; lobes orbicular-obovate; tube very short. Stamens ca. 3 mm; anthers subglobose, small. Pistils sterile. Fl. Apr–May. 2n = 18*.

* A horticultural species commonly cultivated in ??Fujian, Hebei, ??Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

A form, Viburnum macrocephalum f. keteleeri (Carrière) Rehder (=V. keteleeri), differs by having a inflorescence with large sterile radiant flowers only at the margin, and is distributed in W Anhui, W Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, NW Jiangxi, and Zhejiang, growing in forests or thickets on mountain slopes and is also commonly cultivated. Viburnum macrocephalum var. indutum Handel-Mazzetti described from central Hunan may belong to this form.

4. Viburnum schensianum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 26: 480. 1880.

陕西荚蒾  shan xi jia mi

?Viburnum dielsii Grabner; ?V. giraldii Graebner; V. schensianum subsp. chekiangense P. S. Hsu & P. L. Chiu; V. schensianum var. chekiangense (P. S. Hsu & P. L. Chiu) Y. Ren & W. Z. Di.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, and inflorescences yellow-whitish stellate-tomentose; buds often rusty-brownish stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish, slightly rectangular; old branches terete, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Petiole 7–10(–15) mm; leaves ovate-elliptic, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, 3–6(–8) × 2–4.5 cm, papery, adaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent at first, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, anastomosing near margin or some reaching tips of teeth, together with midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets slightly raised on both sides, base rounded, margin denticulate, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes emarginate or slightly acute. Inflorescence cymose, (4–)6–7(–8) cm in diam., to 9 cm at fruiting stage, with (3–)5 rays 1–2 cm, middle ones shortest; peduncule 1–1.5(–7) cm or very short. Flowers mostly on rays of 3rd order. Calyx tube cylindric, 3.5–4 cm × ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous or rarely stellate-tomentose; lobes ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 2 mm. Stamens ca. as long as or slightly longer than corolla; anthers globose, ca. 1 mm in diam.. Fruit red, later nigrescent, elliptic, ca. 8 mm; pyrenes ovoid-globose, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, dorsally raised and grooves absent, or indistinctly 2-grooved, ventrally 3-grooved. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Mixed forests, pine forests, thickets; 700–3200 m. ?Anhui, SE and S Gansu, Hebei (Neiqiu), Henan, Hubei, S Jiangsu, S Shaanxi, Shandong (Jinan), Shanxi, N Sichuan (Songpan), Zhejiang.

5. Viburnum burejaeticum Regel & Herder, Gartenflora 11: 407. 1862.

修枝荚蒾  xiu zhi jia mi

Viburnum arcuatum Komorov; V. burejanum Herder; V. davuricum Maximowicz (1859), not Pallas (1789).

Shrubs, deciduous, to 5 m tall. Bark dark grayish; branchlets of current year’s growth, winter buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year yellow-whitish, glabrous. Petiole 5–12 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate to elliptic or elliptic-obovate, (3–)4–6(–10) × 2–3 cm, papery, adaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrous at first, later abaxially only midvein and lateral veins hairy, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, anastomosing near margin, together with midvein raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base obtuse or rounded, both sides often unequal, margin serrulate, apex acute, rarely slightly obtuse. Inflorescence cymose, 4–5 cm in diam.; peduncule to 2 cm or nearly absent, with 5 rays. Flowers mostly on rays of 2nd order. Calyx tube oblong-tubular, ca. 4 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 7 mm in diam, glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, 2.5–3 mm, nearly 2 × longer than tube. Anthers broadly ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ellipsoid to oblong, ca. 1 cm; pyrenes compressed-oblong, 9–10 × 4–5 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.

Needle-leaved and broad-leaved mixed forests; 600–1400 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, ?Mongolia, Russia].

6. Viburnum mongolicum (Pallas) Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 111. 1908.

蒙古荚蒾  meng gu jia mi

Lonicera mongolica Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich 3: 721. 1771; L. davurica Pallas ex Sievers, nom. nud.; Viburnum davuricum Pallas.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 2 m tall. Young branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year yellow-whitish, very rounded, glabrous. Petiole 4–10 mm; leaf blade abaxially gray-greenish, broadly ovate to elliptic, rarely suborbicular, 2.5–5(–6) × 1.5–3 cm, papery, adaxially stellate-pubescent or forked-hairy, lateral veins 4- or 5-jugate, branched and anastomosing near margin, together with midvein raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially or inconspicuous, base rounded or cuneate-rounded, margin crenulate, with tips of teeth mucronate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescence cymose, 1.5–3.5 cm in diam., few flowered; peduncule 5–10 mm, with 5 or fewer rays. Flowers mostly on rays of 1st order. Calyx tube oblong-tubular, 3–5 mm, glabrous; lobes repand. Corolla yellowish-whitish, tubular-campanulate, 5–7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam, glabrous; lobes ca. 1.5 mm. Stamens nearly as long as corolla; anthers oblong. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm; pyrenes compressed, ca. 8 × 5–6 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. May, fr. Sep. 2n = 18.

Sparse forests; 800–2400 m. S Gansu, Hebei (Neiqiu), ?Henan, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, NE Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

7. Viburnum urceolatum Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muench. 4(3): 172. 1846.

壶花荚蒾  hu hua jia mi

Viburnum taiwanianum Hayata.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3(–4) m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, petioles, and inflorescences stellate-pubescent; branchlets of current year gray-whitish or gray-brownish; branchlets of previous year dark purple-brownish to blackish, glabrous. Petiole 1–4 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 7–15(–18 ) × 4–6 cm, papery, midvein hairy adaxially, veins stellate-pubescent abaxially, lateral veins 4–6-jugate, anastomosing near margin, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, base cuneate, rounded, or slightly cordate, margin often serrulate but entire at base, apex acuminate to narrowly lanceolate. Inflorescence cymose, ca. 5 cm in diam., in short branches with 1- or 2-jugate leaves; peduncule purplish, 3–7(–8.5) cm, with 4 or 5 rays 1–1.5 cm; bracts and bracteoles persistent. Flowers mostly on rays of 3rd or 4th order. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate, very small, apex obtuse, slightly ciliate. Corolla purple-reddish outside, white inside, tubular-campanulate, ca. 3 × 2 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes erect, broadly ovate, 1/5–1/4 as long as tube. Stamens obviously taller than corolla, unequal in length, longest ca. 6 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. Styles taller than calyx lobes. Fruit red at first, later nigrescent, ellipsoid, 6–8 × 5–6 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves, base rounded, apex abruptly narrowed. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 18*.

* Forests; 600–2600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, W Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

8. Viburnum congestum Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 111. 1908.

密花荚蒾  mi hua jia mi

Hedyotis mairei H. Léveillé; Oldenlandia mairei (H. Léveillé) Chun; ?Premna esquirolii H. Léveillé; Viburnum mairei H. Léveillé.

Shrubs, evergreen, to 5 m tall. Young branchlets, buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences gray-whitish stellate-tomentose; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or elliptic, rarely elliptic-oblong, 2–4(–6 ) × 1–2 cm, leathery, adaxially sparsely stellate-hairy at first, immediately glabrescent, lateral veins 3- or 4-jugate, anastomosing near margin, together with midvein slightly raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded or narrowed, margin entire, apex obtuse or slightly acute. Inflorescence cymose, dense, 2–5 cm in diam.; peduncule 0.5–2 cm, with 5 short rays. Flowers fragrant, on rays of 1st and 2nd orders, sessile. Calyx tube tubular, 2–3 mm, glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, very short. Corolla white, campanulate-infundibuliform, ca. 6 mm in diam, glabrous; tube 4–5 mm; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Stamens nearly as long as corolla; anthers broadly ellipsoid. Styles taller than calyx lobes. Fruit globose, 5–6 mm in diam.; pyrenes very compressed, ca. 5 mm in diam., ca. 2 mm thick, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Jan–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct.

* Forests, forest margins, thickets; 1000–2800 m. Gansu, NE Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Yunnan.

9. Viburnum utile Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 356. 1888.

烟管荚蒾  yan guan jia mi

Viburnum bockii Graebner; ?Viburnum fallax Graebner; V. utile var. minor Pampanini; ?V. utile var. ningqiangense Y. Ren & W. Z. Di.

Shrubs, evergreen, to 2 m tall. Abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences gray-whitish or yellow-whitish stellate-tomentose; branchlets of current year yellowish-brown or grayish-white stellate-tomentose, glabrescent; branchlets of previous year red-brownish, with dispersed small lenticels. Petiole 5–10(–15) mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 2–5(–8) × 1–2.5 (–3.5) cm, leathery, adaxially intensely green, lustrous, glabrous, or dark green and sparsely stellate-hairy, lateral veins 5-6-jugate, anastomosing near margin, slightly raied abaxially, slightly raised or inconspicuous adaxially, sometimes with rusty stellate hairs, base rounded or narrowed, margin entire or rarely inconspicuously dentate, slightly involute, apex rounded to slightly obtuse, sometimes emarginate. Inflorescence cymose, 5–7 cm in diam.; peduncule robust, 1–3 cm, with 5 rays. Flowers usually on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous or with few stellate ciliate hairs. Corolla white, reddish in bud, rotate, 6–7 mm in diam, glabrous; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 2 mm, ca. as long as or slightly longer than tube. Stamens nearly as long as corolla lobes; anthers suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Styles nearly as long as calyx lobes. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ellipsoid-oblong to ellipsoid, (6–)7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes slightly compressed, ellipsoid or obovoid, (5–)7 × (4–)5 mm, with 2 very shallow dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug.

* Forest margins, thickets; 500–1800 m. NE Guizhou, ?Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan.

10. Viburnum chinshanense Graebner, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 585. 1901.

金佛山荚蒾  jin fu shan jia mi

Viburnum cavaleriei H. Léveillé; ?V. hypoleucum Rehder; V. rosthornii Graebner; V. utile Hemsley var. elaeagnifolium Rehder.

Shrubs, to 5 m tall. Abaxial surfaces of young leaves, petioles, and inflorescences gray-whitish or yellow-whitish stellate-pubescent; branchlets of current year yellow-whitish or brownish stellate-tomentose, those of previous year brownish, glabrous, with dispersed small lenticels. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 5–10 ( -15 ) × 1.5–4.5 cm, papery to thickly leathery, adaxially dark green, glabrous, or with sparse short hairs on midvein and lateral veins when young, old leaves gray-brownish abaxially, lateral veins 7–10-jugate, anastomosing near margin, raised abaxially, slightly (more conspicuously on young leaves) raised adaxially, veinlets slightly impressed or inconspicuous adaxially, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin entire or rarely inconspicuously dentate, apex slightly acute or obtuse. Inflorescence cymose, 4–6 (–8) cm in diam., peduncule 1–2.5 cm, with 5–7 rays subequal in length. Flowers usually on rays of 2nd order, shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube oblong-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, ± stellate-hairy; lobes broadly ovate, sparsely stellate-hairy, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 7 mm in diam, outside sparsely stellate-hairy; tube ca. 3 mm; lobes orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, ca. 2 mm. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Styles red, slightly exceeding or nearly equaling calyx lobes. Fruit red, later nigrescent, oblong-ovoid; pyrenes very compressed, 8–9 × 4–5 mm in diam., with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul.

* Sparse forests, thickets; 100–1900 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, E Yunnan (Luoping).

11. Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 355. 1888.

皱叶荚蒾  zhou ye jia mi

Callicarpa vastifolia Diels; Viburnum buddleifolium C. H. Wright.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 4 m tall. Young branchlets, buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences thickly yellow-whitish, yellow-brownish, or red-brownish stellate-tomentose; branchlets of current year robust, those of previous year red-brownish or gray-blackish, glabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Petiole robust, 1.5–3 (–4) cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 8–18(–25) × (1.5–)2.5–8 cm, leathery, abaxially strongly rugose, obviously reticulate, adaxially intensely green, lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent when young, glabrescent, lateral veins 6–8(–12)-jugate, anastomosing near margin, very rarely ending in teeth, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin entire or inconspicuously dentate, apex slightly acute or obtuse. Inflorescence cymose, dense, 7–12 cm in diam.; peduncule robust, 1.5–4(–7) cm, usually with 7 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, sessile. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, 2–3 mm, yellow-whitish stellate-tomentose; lobes broadly triangular-ovate, very small, 0.5–1 mm. Corolla white, rotate, 5–7 mm in diam, subglabrous; lobes orbicular-ovate, 2–3 mm, slightly exceeding tube. Stamens exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Fruit red, later nigrescent, broadly elliptic, 6–8 mm, glabrous; pyrenes compressed, broadly elliptic, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Forests, thickets; 700–2400 m. Guizhou, W Hubei, S Shaanxi, Sichuan.

Valery Malécot commented that merging Viburnum buddleifolium and V. rhytidophyllum seems inapproriate. On cultivated material, leaf pubescence and venation clearly separate the two taxa. Occurrence of putative hybrids between the two (called V. x rhytidocarpum) is less common than between V. rhytidophyllum and V. lantana.

12. Viburnum carlesii Hemsley var. bitchiuense (Makino) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 295. 1914.

备中荚蒾  bei zhong jia mi

Viburnum bitchiuense Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 156. 1902.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branchlets, buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences grayish stellate-pubescent; old branchlets grayish, glabrous. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4–10 × 2–6 cm, papery, adaxially sparsely simple-hairy and stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, lateral veins 4- or 5-jugate, anastomosing near margin, or rarely ending in teeth, base rounded to slightly cordate, margin denticulate, apex acute; petioles 4–12 mm. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, umbellate, ca. 6 cm in diam.; peduncule 1–2 cm, usually with 4–7 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd or 3rd order. Calyx tube short; lobes 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. Corolla pinkish, hypocrateriform, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; tube 8–10 mm; lobes ca. 3.5 mm. Stamens inserted below middle of corolla tube, ca. 5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm. Fruit black, elliptic, 1.1–1.4 cm; pyrenes compressed, 6–8 × ca. 2 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Sep.

Forests; 700–1300 m. W Anhui [Japan, Korea].

The typical variety, var. carlesii, occurs in Japan and Korea.

13. Viburnum nervosum D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 141. 1825.

显脉荚蒾  xian mai jia mi

Solenotinus nervosus (D. Don) Oersted; Viburnum cordifolium Wallich ex de Candolle; V. cordifolium var. hypsophilum Handel-Mazzetti; V. nervosum var. hypsophilum (Handel-Mazzetti) H. W. Li.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 5 m tall. Young branchlets, midvein and lateral veins on abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences sparsely lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray or gray-brownish, glabrous, with sparse, dispersed, large lenticels. Leaves stipulate or not; petiole robust, 2–5.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, rarely oblong-ovate, (4–)7–18 × (2.5–)4–11 cm, papery, abaxially often ± stellate-pubescent, adaxially glabrous or subglabrous, lateral veins 8–10-jugate, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, base cordate or rounded, margin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence cymose, appearing at same time as leaves, 5–15 cm in diam., without large sterile radiant flowers, together with calyx tube with small red-brownish glands, with 5–7 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate, sparsely stellate-pubescent. Corolla white or reddish, rotate, 6–10 mm in diam.; lobes ovate-oblong to oblong, ca. 2 × as long as tube, unequal in size, outer ones, particularly marginal ones often larger. Filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers purple, broadly ovoid. Styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ovoid, ca. 8 × 6–7 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 1 shallow dorsal groove and 1 deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 18.

Forests (usually Abies forests), scrub; (1800–)2100–4500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].

14. Viburnum sympodiale Graebner, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 587. 1901.

合轴荚蒾  he zhou jia mi

Viburnum furcatum var. melanophyllum (Hayata) H. Hara; V. martini H. Léveillé; V. melanophyllum Hayata.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 10 m tall. Young branchlets, veins on abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, inflorescences, and calyx lobes yellow-brownish lepidote or furfuraceous stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year red-brownish or gray-brownish, glabrous. Stipules subulate, 2–9 mm, bases often adnate to petioles, sometimes absent; petiole 1.5–3 (–4.5) cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate or orbicular-ovate, 6–13(–15) × 3–9(–11) cm, papery, adaxially glabrous or stellate-pubescent on veins, lateral veins 6–8-jugate, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous, base rounded, rarely shallowly cordate, margin irregularly serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence cymose, 5–9 cm in diam., subglabrescent, with large white sterile radiant flowers on margin, peduncles absent, rays usually 5. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, fragrant. Calyx tube subglobose, ca. 2 mm; lobes ovate-orbicular. Corolla white or reddish, rotate, 5–6 mm in diam.; lobes ovate, ca. 2 × as long as tube. Anthers yellow, ovoid. Styles not exceeding calyx lobes. Sterile flowers 2.5–3 cm in diam.; corolla lobes obovate, often unequal in size. Fruit red, later purple-nigrescent, ovoid, 8–9 mm; pyrenes slightly compressed, ca. 7 × 5 mm, with 1 shallow dorsal groove and 1 deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Forests, thickets; 800–2600 m. S Anhui, N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

15. Viburnum atrocyaneum C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: 7. 1880.

蓝黑果荚蒾  lan hei guo jia mi

Viburnum atrocyaneum subsp. harryanum (Rehder) P. S. Hsu; V. atrocyaneum f. harryanum (Rehder) P. S. Hsu; V. atrocyaneum var. puberulum (C. K. Schneider) P. S. Hsu; V. calvum Rehder; V. calvum var. kwapiense Handel-Mazzetti; V. calvum var. puberulum Schneider; V. harryanum Rehder; V. schneiderianum Handel-Mazzetti.

Shrubs, evergreen, to 3 m tall. Young branchlets purplish at first, later grayish yellowish, together with winter buds and inflorescences sparsely stellate-pubescent or subglabrous. ; Petiole 6–12 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate to ovate-lanceolate or rhombic-elliptic, (0.8–)3–6(–10) × 1.5–3(–6.5) cm, leathery, abaxially pale-greenish, adaxially intensely green, lustrous, lateral veins 5–8-jugate, pinnate, anastomosing near margin, inconspicuous abaxially, impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate, both sides often slightly asymmetric, margin often remotely irregularly denticulate, rarely entire, apex obtuse, mucronate, rarely acute or emarginate. Inflorescence cymose, 2–6 cm in diam.; peduncles 0.6–6 cm, usually with 5–7 rays. Flowers usually on rays of 2nd order; pedicel 2–3 mm. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; lobes broadly triangular, nearly 1/2 as long as tube, broader than long. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; lobes ovate-orbicular, ca. 1.5 mm, slightly longer than tube. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla; anthers ovoid. Fruit blue-blackish when mature, ovoid or globose, 5–6 mm, with 1 very shallow ventral groove. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct.

Forests, scrub; 1000–3200 m. NW Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Myanmar, N Thailand].

16. Viburnum triplinerve Handel-Mazzetti, Sinensia 5: 15. 1934.

三脉叶荚蒾  san mai ye jia mi

Shrubs, evergreen, to 2 m tall, glabrous. Young branchlets brownish, slender, sometimes with dense lenticels; old branchlets gray-whitish. Leaves often clustered at apices of branchlets; petiole 7–15 mm; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or suborbicular, 2–6(–7.5) × 1–3 cm, leathery, triplinerved, veins reaching 3/4 length of leaves, arched and anastomosing near margin, impressed adaxially, conspicuous abaxially, veinlets inconspicuous abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, both ends obtuse or rounded, margin entire. Inflorescence cymose, 1.5–10 cm in diam.; peduncle ca. 1 cm, slender, with 6–8 rays 4–7 mm. Flowers usually on rays of 2nd order. Calyx tube broadly campanulate, less than 1 mm; lobes broadly triangular or broadly ovate, nearly 1/2 as long as tube, apex obtuse. Corolla rotate; lobes suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam., ca. 2 × longer than tube. Stamens nearly as long as corolla; anthers globose. Stigmas subsessile, nearly as high as calyx lobes. Fruit purple-blackish, suborbicular, 4–5 mm in diam., with 1 very small and shallow ventral groove.

* Mountains; 500–600 m. Guangxi.

This species is perhaps conspecific with Viburnum propinquum Hemsley.

17. Viburnum propinquum Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 355. 1888.

球核荚蒾  qiu he jia mi

Shrubs, evergreen, to 2 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets of current year red-brownish, lustrous, with small prominent lenticels; branchlets of previous year grayish. Petiole 1–2 cm, slender; leaf blade purplish when young, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic to elliptic-oblong, or linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3–9(–11) × 1–4.5 cm, leathery when mature, triplinerved, veins reaching to middle or above of leaves, anastomosing near margin, sometimes stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, midvein and lateral veins (sometimes including veinlets) raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base subrounded or cuneate, both sides slightly asymmetric, margin usually remotely serrate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence cymose, (2–)4–7 cm in diam.; peduncles 1.5–2.5(–4) cm, slender, usually with 7 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, with slender pedicels. Calyx tube ca. 0.6 mm; lobes broadly triangular-ovate, ca. 0.4 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla greenish white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., base with long hairs inside; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, nearly as long as tube, apex rounded. Stamens usually slightly longer than corolla; anthers subglobose. Fruit blue-blackish, lustrous, subglobose or ovoid, (3–)5–6 × (3–)3.5–4 mm, with 1 very small and shallow ventral groove or without.

* Forests, thickets; 400–1300 m. N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW and W Hubei, Hunan, N Jiangxi, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

 

1a.     Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic to elliptic-oblong, base subrounded or cuneate  17a. var. propinquum

1b.     Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, base cuneate ...................................  17b. var. mairei

 

17a. Viburnum propinquum var. propinquum

球核荚蒾 (原变种)  qiu he jia mi ( yuan bian zhong )

?Viburnum propinquum var. parvifolium Graebner ex Diels; ?V. propinquum f. parvifolium (Graebner ex Diels) Nakai; Viburnum valerianicum Elmer, nom. invalid. in Kern 1951.

Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic to elliptic-oblong, base subrounded or cuneate.

* Forests, scrub; 500–1300 m. N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, N Jiangxi, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

17b. Viburnum propinquum var. mairei W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 140. 1916.

狭叶球核荚蒾  xia ye qiu he jia mi

Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–8 × 1–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margin sparsely acute-denticulate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescence smaller, 2–4 cm wide. Fruit 3–4 mm in diam.

* Scrub; 400–500 m. W Guizhou, SW Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan.

18. Viburnum cinnamomifolium Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 31. 1907.

樟叶荚蒾  zhang ye jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 6 m tall, subglabrous but buds and inflorescences sparsely or densely gray-whitish or gray-yellowish stellate-pubescent; branchlets purple-brownish, with many conspicuous lenticels. Petiole robust, 1.5–3.5 cm; young leaves purplish, elliptic-oblong, 6–13(–18) × 3–5(–7) cm, leathery when mature, triplinerved, often yellowish stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, veins and lateral veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, slightly impressed but not conspicuously rugose adaxially, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin entire or occasionally remotely serrate near apex, apex acute. Inflorescence cymose, lax, large, 6–15 cm in diam.; peduncles 1.5–3.5 cm, with 6–8 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders; pedicels 2–3 mm, slender. Calyx tube obconical; lobes suborbicular or triangular, very small, ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla white, rotate, 4–5 mm in diam.; lobes recurved, broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, nearly as long as tube. Stamens longer than corolla; anthers subglobose. Fruit blue-blackish, subglobose, ca. 3 mm in diam.; pyrenes with 1 very small and shallow ventral groove or without. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.

* Thickets; 1000–1500(–1800) m. Sichuan, SE Yunnan.

19. Viburnum davidii Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 8(Pl. David. 2: 69. 1888): 251. 1886.

川西荚蒾  chuan xi jia mi

Shrubs, evergreen, to 10 m tall, subglabrous but inflorescence sparsely stellate-pubescent. Branchlets purple-brownish, with raised lenticels, gray-whitish when old. Petiole purplish, robust, 0.8–2.5 (–3) cm; leaf blade elliptic-obovate to elliptic, 6–14 × 4–7 cm, thickly leathery, triplinerved, lustrous and conspicuously rugose, all veins on abaxial surface raised, yellowish stellate-pubescent only in axils of veins, base broadly cuneate to nearly orbicular, margin entire or sometimes with few irregular teeth above middle part, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescence cymose, dense, 4–6 cm in diam.; peduncles (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) cm, with 5 or 6 rays 1–3 cm. Flowers on rays of 2nd order, with very short pedicels. Calyx tube campanulate, ca. 1 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, apex acute. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; lobes orbicular, ca. 2 mm in diam., 2–4 × as long as tube. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as corolla; filaments ca. 2 mm; anthers red-blackish, less than 1 mm. Fruit blue-blackish, ovoid or ellipsoid-oblong, ca. 6 × 4 mm; pyrenes with 1 small and shallow ventral groove. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Mountains; 1800–2400 m. W Sichuan.

20. Viburnum farreri W. T. Stearn, Taxon 15: 22. 1966.

香荚蒾  xiang jia mi

Lonicera mongolica Gmelin; ?Viburnum farreri var. stellipilum D. Z. Ma & H. L. Liu; V. fragrans Bunge (1835), non Loisel (1824).

Shrubs, deciduous, to 5 m tall. Branchlets of current year green, subglabrous; branchlets of previous year red-brownish, later gray-brownish or gray-whitish. Winter buds ellipsoid, with 2- or 3-jugate scales, apex acute. Leaves elliptic or rhombic-obovate, 4–8 × 1–2.5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent with fine and short hairs when young, later glabrous on both sides but stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, ending in teeth, together with midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets inconspicuous or slightly impressed on both sides, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin triangular-serrate above base, apex acute; petioles (1–) 1.5–3 cm, pubescent on margin of adaxial side when young. Inflorescence a panicle at apices of short branchlets which can produce new leaves, 3–5 cm, many flowered, sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent. Flowers appearing before leaves, fragrant; bracts linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, ca. 2 mm; lobes ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla pink in bud, white when open, hypocrateriform, ca. 1 cm in diam.; tube 7–10 mm, slightly spreading in upper part; lobes (4 or)5, spreading, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Stamens inserted above middle of corolla tube; filaments very short or absent; anthers yellow-whitish, subglobose. Stigmas 3-lobed, not exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit purple-reddish, oblong, 8–10 × ca. 6 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 1 deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.

* Forests; 1600–2800 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang; commonly cultivated in Gansu, Hebei, ?Henan, Qinghai, Shandong.

21. Viburnum grandiflorum Wallich ex de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 329. 1830.

大花荚蒾  da hua jia mi

Viburnum nervosum J. D. Hooker & Thomson, not D. Don (cited by Rehder 1974).

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–5 m tall. Young branchlets, petioles, and peduncles glabrous or sometimes pubescent; branchlets gray or brown, trabeculate. Petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, rarely elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 6–10 × 2.5–4 cm, papery, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, later pubescent only on veins and in axils of veins abaxially, lateral veins 6–10-jugate, nearly spreading and straight or slightly arched, ending in teeth, raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cuneate, margin crenate-serrate above base, apex acuminate. Flowers appearing before leaves. Inflorescence densely clustered at apices of leafless short branchlets, sericeous, subtended by ovate to orbicular-ovate scales; outer scales to ca. 1 cm, nearly leaf-like, intensely brown, pubescent or glabrous, inner scales tomentose on margins of both sides; scales deciduous when inflorescence opening; bracts oblong to linear, to 1 cm, silvery-sericeous at first, apex obtuse; bracteoles similar to bracts in shape but much smaller; peduncles very short when flowers just open, later gradually elongated. Flowers sessile. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 3 mm; lobes triangular, ca. 1 mm. Corolla pink outside, white inside, hypocrateriform; tube to 1 cm; lobes broadly ovate, 4–5 mm. Stamens inserted in or above middle of corolla tube; filaments ca. 3 mm; anthers elliptic-oblong, ca. 2 mm. Stigmas discoid, 2-lobed, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit purple-reddish, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 12 × 8 mm, usually only one infructescence mature; pyrenes oblong, slightly compressed, 9–11 × 5–6 mm, with 1 deep ventral groove. Fl. May, fr. Jun–Jul.

Forests; 2800–4300 m. Xizang [Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Kashimir, Nepal].

22. Viburnum erubescens Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 29. 1831.

红荚蒾  hong jia mi

?Solenotinus erubescens (Wallich) Oërst.; Viburnum botryoideum H. Léveillé; V. burmanicum (Rehder) C. Y. Wu ex P. S. Hsu; V. burmanicum var. motoense P. S. Hsu; V. erubescens Wallich var. burmanicum Rehder; V. erubescens var. gracilipes Rehder; V. erubescens var. parvum P. S. Hsu & S. C. Hsu; V. erubescens var. prattii (Graebner) Rehder; V. prattii Graebner; ?V. pubigerum Wight & Arnott; V. thibeticum C. Y. Wu & Y. F. Huang; ?V. wightianum Wallich.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 6 m tall. Branchlets of current year stellate-pubescent or glabrous. Winter buds 2-perulate. Petiole 1–2.5 cm, stellate-pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, rarely ovate-cordate or slightly obovate, (2–)6–14 × 1–9 cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous or pubescent on midvein, lateral veins 4–9-jugate, mostly ending in teeth, together with midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cuneate or obtuse to rounded or cordate, margin serrulate except at base, apex acuminate or acute to obtuse. Inflorescence paniculate, at apices of short branchlets with 1-jugate leaves, (5–)7.5–10 cm, usually nodding, stellate-pubescent or subglabrous; peduncles 2–6 cm. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, on rays of 1st to 3rd orders. Calyx tube tubular, 2.5–3 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes with tiny red-brown glands; lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent, apex obtuse. Corolla white or reddish, hypocrateriform; tube 5–6 mm; lobes spreading, 2–3 mm, apex rounded. Stamens inserted at apex of corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers yellow-whitish, slightly exserted. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit purple-reddish, later nigrescent, ellipsoid; pyrenes compressed-obovoid, 7–9 × 4–5 mm, with 1 broad and deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug. 2n = 64.

Forests, scrub; (1500–)2400–3500 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal].

23. Viburnum shweliense W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 227. 1920.

瑞丽荚蒾  rui li jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Young branchlets glabrous, with dispersed, gray lenticels. Petiole 2–2.5 cm, sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 8–12.5 cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 6- or 7-jugate, slightly arched, ending in teeth, base nearly broadly cuneate, margin conspicuously serrulate, apex obtuse or mucronate. Inflorescence paniculate, at apices of short branchlets with 1-jugate leaves, ca. 5 × 5 cm, densely whitish stellate-pubescent or subglabrous; peduncles 3–4 cm, sparsely pubescent. Calyx reddish; tube obconical, ca. 3 mm; lobes ovate, less than 1 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla whitish, rotate-campanulate; tube ca. 3 mm; lobes recurved, broadly ovate, 1.5–2 mm. Stamens obviously exceeding corolla tube. Fruit unknown. Fl. Jul.

* Forests; ca. 800 m. W Yunnan [?Myanmar].

24. Viburnum chingii P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 68. 1966.

漾濞荚蒾  yang bi jia mi

Viburnum carnosulum (W. W. Smith) P. S. Hsu; V. chingii var. carnosulum (W. W. Smith) P. S. Hsu; V. chingii var. patentiserratum P. S. Hsu; V. chingii var. tenuipes P. S. Hsu; V. erubescens Wallich var. carnosulum W. W. Smith; V. erubescens var. neurophyllum Handel-Mazzetti.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 5 m tall. Branchlets of current year yellow-whitish, together with petioles and veins of abaxial leaf surfaces sparsely yellowish stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic or obovate to obovate-oblong, 3.5–9 cm, subleathery, adaxially lustrous, midvein raised, lateral veins ca. 6-jugate, arched and anastomosing along margin, conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin serrate, apices of teeth slightly mucronate, base of margin entire, apex shortly acute or obtuse, sometimes abruptly narrowed and shortly caudate. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, 4.5–5 cm in diam., yellowish stellate-pubescent; peduncles (2–)3.5–4.5(–6) cm. Flowers on rays of 1st order, mostly sessile, ca. 3 mm. Calyx lobes ovate-triangular, short, apex obtuse. Corolla white, infundibuliform-hypocrateriform, ca. 6 mm in diam.; tube ca. 7 mm; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm, apex rounded. Stamens nearly as long as corolla; anthers purple-blackish, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm. Styles exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit red, obovoid-orbicular, ca. 8 × 6 mm; pyrenes compressed, ca. 7 × 4 mm, with 1 broad and deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Oct.

* Forests; 2000–3200 m. ?Sichuan, Yunnan.

This species is very similar to Viburnum erubescens Wallich, so much so that they may better be treated as conspecific.

25. Viburnum omeiense P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 67. 1966.

峨眉荚蒾  e mei jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, ca. 75 cm tall, subglabrous throughout. Branches and branchlets gray-yellowish, with dispersed, raised lenticels; winter buds 2-perulate. Petiole 5–10 mm, reddish; leaf blade oblong, 3–7 × 1.5–3 cm, thickly papery, glabrous, midvein raised on both sides, lateral veins ca. 4-jugate, arched and anastomosing near margin, slightly raised abaxially, inconspicuous or slightly impressed adaxially, base cuneate, margin remotely crenulate except at base, apices of teeth slightly mucronate, apex acute. Inflorescence paniculate, ca. 3.5 × 4.5 cm, with very dense, small, sessile flowers; peduncle ca. 2 cm; bracts green, foliaceous, oblong or linear, ca. 1.8 × 0.8 mm, midvein red at base, sparsely stellate-pubescent, lateral veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse, sometimes sparsely ciliate; bracteoles scale-like. Calyx tube ca. 1.8 mm; lobes broadly ovate, 0.8 mm, apex acute. Corolla white, hypocrateriform; tube ca. 3.5 mm; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, one slightly larger than others, apex rounded. Stamens with very short filaments; anthers yellow-whitish, elliptic-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Stigmas 2-lobed, slightly exceeding calyx lobes or not. Fruit unknown. Fl. Nov.

* Mountains; ca. 1300 m. Sichuan (Emei Shan).

This species is represented only by the type collection, which appears to have a premature inflorescence. Field work is needed to determine the identity of the species.

26. Viburnum oliganthum Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 372. 1894.

少花荚蒾  shao hua jia mi

Viburnum stapfianum H. Léveillé.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2–6 m tall. Branchlets of current year brown, with rounded lenticels, together with inflorescence sparsely yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish or black, glabrous; winter buds 2-perulate, outside stellate-pubescent. Petiole 5–15 mm, together with peduncles, bracts, bracteoles, and calyces purple-reddish; leaf blade oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate or obovate-oblong to oblong, rarely obovate, 5–10(–13) × (1.5)2–3.5 cm, subleathery or leathery, very rarely thickly papery, adaxially intensely green and lustrous, midvein raised on both sides, particularly so adaxially, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, arched and anastomosing before reaching margin, slightly conspicuous abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate to obtuse, rarely subrounded, margin remotely and shallowly serrate above 1/3–1/2 from base, apex abruptly narrowed and acuminate to long acuminate, shortly or long caudate. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, 2.5–4.5(–10) × 2–4 cm; peduncles (1.2–)2.5–7 cm, slender and compressed. Flowers on rays of 1st and 2nd orders; bracts and bracteoles persistent. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, ca. 2 mm; lobes triangular-ovate, ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla white or reddish, infundibuliform, 6–8 mm; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 1/4 as long as tube. Stamens with very short filaments; anthers purple-reddish, oblong. Stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ellipsoid, 6–7 × 4–5 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 1 broad and deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jun–Aug.

* Forests, scrub; 1000–2200 m. Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, NE Yunnan.

27. Viburnum longipedunculatum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 78. 1979.

长梗荚蒾  chang geng jia mi

Viburnum corymbiflorum P. S. Hsu & S. C. Hsu var. longipedunculatum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 115. 1975.

Shrubs, glabrous throughout. Young branchlets grayish-yellow, with dispersed, rounded lenticels; winter buds 2-perulate, outside yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade adaxially dark green, oblong to obovate-oblong, (4–)5–14 × (1.5–)2.5–6 cm, papery, lateral veins 4- or 5-jugate, arched and anastomosing before reaching margin, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, not conspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate, margin remotely and shallowly serrate above 1/5–1/3 from base, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate. Inflorescence paniculate, with dispersed small glands; peduncles (3.5–)6–9 cm, nodding at fruiting stage; bracts and bracteoles linear to linear-lanceolate, large and conspicuous, sparsely glandular hairy. Flowers on rays of 1st and 2nd orders. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 3 mm, outside with few small glands; lobes orbicular-ovate to ovate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apex slightly acute or obtuse. Corolla white, tubular-infundibuliform; tube ca. 7 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam.; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 3 × 3.5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens with very short filaments; anthers inserted, yellow-whitish, elliptic-oblong, ca. 1.7 mm. Stigmas slightly 3-lobed, nearly as long as calyx lobes. Fruit intensely red, 8–10 × 5–6 mm; pyrenes compressed-ellipsoid, with 1 deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Aug.

* Dense forests; 1400–1600 m. Guangxi, SE Yunnan (Xichou).

28. Viburnum subalpinum Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1034. 1936.

亚高山荚蒾  ya gao shan jia mi

Viburnum erubescens Wallich var. limitaneum W. W. Smith; V. subalpinum var. limitaneum (W. W. Smith ) P. S. Hsu.

Shrubs, deciduous, very rarely to 1 m tall. Branchlets of current year sparsely or densely yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent or subglabrous; branchlets of previous year gray-yellowish, glabrous, with dispersed, rounded lenticels. Petiole 5–13 mm, sparsely yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade orbicular or broadly elliptic, 1.5–4(–5) × 1.5–4.5 cm, papery, abaxially with sparse red-brownish tiny glands, sparsely stellate-pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous, midvein raised on both sides, lateral veins 3–5-jugate, mostly anastomosing before reaching margin, base truncate to broadly cuneate, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex obtuse or rounded and mucronate, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence paniculate, at apices of lateral branchlets with 1-jugate leaves, 2–4 cm; peduncles nodding, 1.2–3.7 cm, slender, stellate-pubescent. Flowers on rays of 1st and 2nd orders. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; lobes broadly triangular, ca. 0.7 mm. Corolla white, infundibuliform; tube 4–5 mm; lobes recurved, broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm, margin papillose-ciliate. Stamens with purple-reddish, elliptic and exserted anthers. Stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit unknown. Fl. May–Jul.

Bamboo forests, fir forests; 1600–3800 m. NW and W Yunnan [N Myanmar].

29. Viburnum trabeculosum C. Y. Wu ex P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 79. 1979.

横脉荚蒾  heng mai jia mi

Trees, deciduous, 3–8 m tall. Branchlets of current year gray-brownish, with dispersed lenticels, glabrous, those of previous year brownish. Petiole 2.5–5 mm, robust; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or rhombic-elliptic to oblong, sometimes ovate-orbicular, 14–20 × 6–10 cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, adaxially glabrous and lustrous, lateral veins 7- or 8-jugate, anastomosing before reaching margin, conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base cuneate to subtruncate, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescence paniculate, pyramidal, 4–20 × 4–7 cm, densely gray-yellowish stellate-pubescent; peduncles 4.5–6 cm. Flowers on rays of 1st and 4th orders. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2 mm; lobes ovate or ovate-triangular, ca. 1/4 as long as calyx tube, apex rounded or obtuse. Corolla (?)infundibuliform. Fruit purple-reddish, slightly compressed, ca. 7 mm; pyrenes obovoid, with a deep ventral groove. Fl. May, fr. Sep.

* Forests, scrub; 2000–2400 m. S Yunnan.

30. Viburnum yunnanense Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 106. 1908.

云南荚蒾  yun nan jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year grayish-brownish; winter buds small, 2-perulate. Petiole 1–2 cm, yellow-brownish tomentose; leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly elliptic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, 3–9.5 × 2.5–4.5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, with dispersed red-brownish scale-like tiny glands, adaxially dark green, pubescent, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, anastomosing before reaching margin, slightly raised abaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, base rounded to acuminate, sometimes ± truncate, margin serrate except at base, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence compound, corymb-like, terminal or at apices of lateral branchlets with 1-jugate leaves, appearing at same time as leaves, 3–4 × 4.5–6 cm; peduncles (3–)4–6 cm; bracts and bracteoles densely yellow-brownish stellate-tomentose. Flowers on rays of 3rd order. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, ca. 2 mm, with red-brownish tiny glands; lobes broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, ca. 0.7 × 0.7 mm. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam.; lobes orbicular, ca. 2 mm, slightly exceeding tube, apex rounded. Stamens exceeding corolla lobes; anthers yellow-whitish, globose. Styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit unknown. Fr. Jun.

* Scrub on mountain slopes; 2300–2900 m. Yunnan.

31. Viburnum brevitubum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 80. 1979.

短筒荚蒾  duan tong jia mi

Viburnum erubescens Wallich var. brevitubum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 67. 1966; V. carnosulum (W. W. Smith) P. S. Hsu var. impressinervum P. S. Hsu; V. chingii P. S. Hsu var. impressinervium (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu; V. henryi × erubescens Rehder.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year grayish-green, glabrous, with dispersed lenticels; branchlets of previous year grayish-brownish; winter buds 2-perulate; scales brownish, oblong, ca. 7 mm, inside pubescent, apex acute. Petiole 7–10 mm, sparsely stellate-pubescent, subglabrescent; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to narrowly oblong, sometimes orbicular-oblong or suborbicular, 3–7.5 × 2–3 cm, papery, abaxially greenish, stellate-pubescent and with pedate holes in axils of veins, adaxially intensely green, lustrous, glabrous, midvein and lateral veins sparsely stellate-pubescent, lateral veins ca. 5-jugate, ending in teeth or anastomosing before reaching margin, together with midvein slightly raised abaxially, base obtuse to subrounded, margin serrate except at base, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence paniculate, at apices of branchlets with 1-jugate leaves, 3–4 cm wide, sparsely stellate-pubescent, immediately glabrescent; peduncles (0.8–)2–3.5 cm; bracts and bracteoles purple-reddish, conspicuous, lanceolate, glabrous, persistent. Flowers mostly on rays of 2nd order, sessile. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 3 mm; lobes broadly triangular. Corolla white and reddish, tubular-campanulate; tube ca. 4 mm; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens inserted at apex of corolla tube; anthers purple-brownish, oblong, ca. 1 mm, slightly exserted. Styles nearly as long as calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit red; pyrenes compressed, ca. 5 × 3 mm, with a broad and deep ventral groove. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul.

* Forests; 1300–2300 m. NE Guizhou, W Hubei, W Jiangxi, Sichuan.

32. Viburnum henryi Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 353. 1888.

巴东荚蒾  ba dong jia mi

Viburnum henryi var. xerocarpa Graebner; V. rosthornii Graebner var. xerocarpa Graebner.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen or semi-evergreen, to 7 m tall, glabrous or subglabrous throughout. Branchlets of current year purplish-brown or green, glabrous; branchlets of previous year grayish-brownish; winter buds 2-perulate; scales yellow stellate-pubescent. Petiole 1–2 mm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong or narrowly oblong, 5–10(–13) × 2–4 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent on veins, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, at least partly ending in teeth, together with midvein raised abaxially, with small pedate holes and stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, base cuneate to rounded, margin serrate except below middle part, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, 4–9 × 5–8 cm; peduncles 2–4 cm, slender; bracts and bracteoles late deciduous or persistent and conspicuous, green-whitish, linear-lanceolate. Flowers fragrant, on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube tubular to obconical-tubular, ca. 2 × 1 mm. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 6 mm in diam.; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes ovate-orbicular, ca. 2 mm. Stamens equaling or slightly exceeding corolla lobes; anthers yellow-whitish, oblong. Styles nearly as long as calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit red, later purple-blackish, ellipsoid; pyrenes slightly compressed, ellipsoid, 7–8 × ca. 4 mm, with a deep ventral groove. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Dense forests, moist grassy slopes; 900–2600 m. N Fujian, Guangxi, SE Guizhou, W Hubei, W Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, S Zhejiang.

33. Viburnum taitoense Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (Mat. Fl. Formos.): 136. 1911.

台东荚蒾  tai dong jia mi

Viburnum tubulosum P. S. Hsu.

Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Young branchlets of current year, winter buds, veins of abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences densely or sparsely stellate-pubescent; branchlets gray-whitish, with conspicuously raised lenticels; branchlets of current year purple-brownish; branchlets of previous year gray-yellowish; winter buds 2-perulate; scales long and narrow. Petiole 6–10(–15) mm; leaf blade oblong, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 5–9 × 2–3 cm, thickly papery or slightly leathery, adaxially intensely green and lustrous, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, arched, anastomosing before reaching margin, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, much impressed adaxially, veinlets slightly raised abaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin serrate except at base, apex shortly acute or subrounded. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, ca. 3 × 2 cm, few flowered; peduncles ca. 2 cm, slender. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, ca. 2 × 1 mm, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent; lobes triangular, ca. 1 × 1 mm, apex obtuse, ciliate. Corolla white, infundibuliform, ca. 6 mm in diam.; tube 5–9 × 1.5–2 mm; lobes suborbicular, ca. 3 mm. Stamens inserted; filaments very short; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Styles long, slender, obviously exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit red, ellipsoid, ca. 9 × 6 mm; pyrenes ca. 7 × 5 mm, with a deep ventral groove.

* Rocky scrub, streamsides of mountain valleys. N Guangxi, S Hunan, E Taiwan.

34. Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawler, Bot. Reg. 6: t. 456. 1820.

珊瑚树  shan hu shu

Microtinus odoratissimus (Ker-Gawler) Oersted; Thyrsosma chinensis Rafinesque; Viburnum arboricola Hayata; V. awabuki Hort. ex K. Koch; ?Viburnum kerrii Geddes; V. odoratissimum Ker-Gawler var. arboricolum (Hayata) Yamamoto; V. odoratissimum Ker-Gawler var. awabuki (K. Koch) Zabel ex Ruempler; V. odoratissimum Ker-Gawler var. conspersum W. W. Smith; ?V. odoratissimum var. sessiliflorum (Geddes) Fukuoka; ?V. sessiliflorum Geddes; ?Viburnum simonsii J. D. Hooker & Thomson.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2–10(–15) m tall. Branchlets gray or gray-brownish, with raised lenticels, glabrous or sometimes sparsely yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; winter buds 2–4-perulate; scales ovate-lanceolate. Petiole 1–2(–3) cm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate to obovate, sometimes suborbicular, 7–20 × (3–)4–9 cm, leathery, abaxially sometimes with sparse, dispersed dark red minute glands, adaxially intensely green and lustrous, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent on veins, lateral veins 5-6-jugate, arched, anastomosing before reaching margin, together with midvein raised and conspicuous abaxially, base broadly cuneate, rarely rounded, margin irregularly serrate except at base or nearly entire, apex shortly acute to obtusely acute and mucronate, sometimes obtuse or subrounded. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal or on lateral short branches, pyramidal, (3.5–)6–13.5 × (3–)4.5–6 cm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; peduncles to 10 cm; bracts less than 1 cm × 2 mm. Flowers fragrant, usually on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous; lobes broadly triangular. Corolla white, later yellow-whitish, sometimes reddish, rotate, ca. 7 mm in diam.; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes reflexed, orbicular-ovate, 2–3 mm, apex rounded. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla lobes; anthers yellow, oblong, nearly 2 mm. Stigmas capitate, not exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, later nigrescent, ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 5–6 mm; pyrenes ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 7 × 4 mm, with a deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Sep.

Forests, scrub; 200–1300 m. SE Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, ?Hebei, ?Henan, Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan [E India, Japan, Korea, N Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

This species is commonly cultivated in China.

A reviewer, Valery Malécot, commented that merging Viburnum awabuki and V. odoratissimum may be considered doubtful, They may be recognized as separate varieties (see H. Hara 1983: 196-199), and to Malécot’s knowledge, plants in cultivation under these names do not cross.

35. Viburnum brachybotryum Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 349. 1888.

短序荚蒾  duan xu jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 3–8 m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, inflorescences, calyces, outside of corollas, bracts, and bracteoles yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; branchlets yellow-whitish or sometimes gray-brownish, with sparse raised lenticels; winter buds 2-perulate. Petiole 1–2 (–3) cm, sparsely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade obovate, obovate-oblong, or oblong, 7–20 × (2–)3–7 cm, leathery, abaxially sparsely yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially intensely green and lustrous, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, arched, anastomosing before reaching margin, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuous abaxially, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin remotely serrate except at base, sometimes subentire, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence paniculate, usually pyramidal, terminal or axillary on short branches, erect or nodding, 5–11(–22) × 2.5–8.5(–15) cm; bracts and bracteoles persistent. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube tubular-campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm; lobes ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, 4–5(–6) mm in diam.; tube very short; lobes spreading, ovate to oblong-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as tube, apex obtuse. Anthers yellow-whitish, ellipsoid. Stigmas capitate, 3-lobed, obviously exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ovoid, ca. 1 cm × 6 mm, often stellate-pubescent, base rounded, apex acuminate; pyrenes ovoid, slightly compressed, apex acuminate, ca. 8 × 5 mm, with a deep ventral groove. Fl. Jan–Mar, fr. Jul–Aug.

* Dense forests, scrub; (400–)600–1900m. Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

36. Viburnum tengyuehense (W. W. Smith) P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 72. 1966.

腾越荚蒾  teng yue jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, to 7 m tall. Young branches and petioles stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; winter buds 2-perulate; scales pubescent outside. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, 7–11 × 2.5–5 cm, thickly papery, lateral veins 5–10-jugate, anastomosing before reaching margin, abaxially raised, sometimes stellate-pubescent in axils of veins, adaxially slightly impressed, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margin serrate except at base, apex shortly acuminate to shortly cuspidate. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal or at apices of short lateral branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, 2.5–3 × 3–3.5 cm, yellow-brownish stellate-pubescent; peduncles 1.5–5 cm; bracts persistent. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, ca. 0.7 × 0.7 mm, apex ± acute. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4.5 mm in diam.; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 2 × 1.8 mm, ca. 2 × as long as tube. Stamens nearly as long as corolla; anthers ellipsoid. Stigmas slightly 2-lobed, equaling or slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, oblong or ovoid-ellipsoid, 5–6 × 3.5–5 mm; pyrenes compressed, with a deep, broad ventral groove, both ends rounded. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Nov.

* Forests; 1500–2300 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [?Myanmar].

 

1a.     Leaves with 5- or 6-jugate lateral veins; serrations acute .....................  36a. var. tengyuehense

1b.     Leaves with 6–10-jugate lateral veins; serrations obtuse .........................  36b. var. polyneurum

 

36a. Viburnum tengyuehense var. tengyuehense

腾越荚蒾 (原变种)  teng yue jia mi (yuan bian zhong)

Viburnum brachybotryum Hemsley var. tengyuehense W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh; V. oblongum P. S. Hsu; V. oblongum var. tengyuehense (W. W. Smith) P. S. Hsu.

Leaves with 5- or 6-jugate lateral veins; serrations acute.

* Forests; 1500–2200 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.

36b. Viburnum tengyuehense var. polyneurum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 72: 60. 1988.

多脉腾越荚蒾 (变种)  duo mai teng yue jia mi (bian zhong)

Viburnum oblongum P. S. Hsu var. polyneurum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 114. 1975.

Leaves with 6–10-jugate lateral veins; serrations obtuse. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul.

* Forests; ca. 2300 m. Guizhou (Weining), S Yunnan (Wenshan).

37. Viburnum corymbiflorum P. S. Hsu & S. C. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 73. 1966.

伞房荚蒾  san fang jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall. Branchlets yellow-whitish or pale brown, glabrous or subglabrous; winter buds 2-perulate. Petiole ca. 1 cm, sparsely stellate-pubescent, later subglabrous; leaf blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic to obovate, 5–10 (–13) × 3–4.5 cm, papery, very rarely subleathery, glabrous or very sparsely stellate-pubescent on veins, intensely green and lustrous adaxially, lateral veins 4–6-jugate, mostly ending in teeth, together with midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex acute. Inflorescence paniculate, corymb-like due to shortening of inflorescence axis, at apices of short branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, (1.5–)3–4 × (3–)4–5.5(–6) in diam., sparsely stellate-pubescent; peduncles 2–4.5 cm. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, long pedicellate. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or subglabrous; lobes narrowly ovate, ca. 2 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 8 mm in diam.; tube less than 1 mm; lobes oblong-orbicular, ca. 3 mm, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ellipsoid, 7–8(–10) × 5–6 mm; pyrenes obovoid or obovoid-oblong, ca. 6 × 4 mm, with a deep ventral groove. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.

* Forests, scrub; 1000–2400 m. N Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, SW Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

 

1a.     Branchlets yellow-whitish; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6–13 × 3–4 cm  37a. subsp. corymbiflorum

1b.     Branchlets pale-brown; leaves elliptic to obovate, 5–9.5 × 3–4.5 cm ......  37b. subsp. malifolium

 

37a. Viburnum corymbiflorum subsp. corymbiflorum

伞房荚蒾 (原亚种)  san fang jia mi (yuan ya zhong)

Branchlets yellow-whitish. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6–13 × 3–4 cm.

* Forests, scrub; 1000–1800 m. N Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, SW Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

37b. Viburnum corymbiflorum subsp. malifolium P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 74. 1966.

苹果叶荚蒾  ping guo ye jia mi

Branchlets pale-brown. Leaves elliptic to obovate, 5–9.5 × 3–4.5 cm.

* Forests; 1700–2400 m. Yunnan.

38. Viburnum plicatum Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 332. 1794.

粉团  fen tuan

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year yellowish-brown, yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brown or gray-black, with dispersed rounded lenticels; winter buds 2-perulate; scales lanceolate-triangular. Petiole 1–2 cm, thinly tomentose, estipulate; leaf blade broadly ovate, orbicular-obovate, or obovate, rarely suborbicular, 4–10 × (2–)3–6 cm, papery, abaxially densely tomentose or sometimes only hairy on lateral veins, adaxially sparsely adpressed pubescent, more densely so on midvein, lateral veins 10–12(–17)-jugate, strictly reaching tips of teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, often deeply impressed adaxially; veinlets transverse, parallel, dense, forming obviously rectangular frames, base rounded or broadly cuneate, very slightly cordate, margin irregularly serrate, apex rounded or abruptly narrowed and slightly mucronate. Inflorescence an umbel-like cyme, globose, often on short lateral branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, totally composed of large sterile flowers, or of fertile flowers yet with 4–6 large sterile radiant flowers; peduncles 1.5–4 cm, yellow-brown stellate-pubescent, with 6–8 rays. Flowers on rays of 4th order. Sterile flowers: calyx tube obconical, glabrous or sometimes stellate-pubescent, lobes ovate, apex obtuse; corolla white, rotate, 1.5–3 cm in diam., lobes sometimes only 4, obovate or suborbicular, often unequal in size, apex rounded; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx tube ca. 1.5 mm; corolla rotate, yellow-white, ca. 3 mm in diam., lobes broadly ovate, ca. as long as wide; stamens exceeding corolla, anthers suborbicular. Fruit red, later black, broadly ovoid-orbicular or obovoid-orbicular, 5–6 × ca. 4 mm; pyrenes compressed, with a broad ventral groove, both ends obtuse. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.

Forests, scrub; 200–1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan], also commonly cultivated.

 

1a.     Inflorescence composed totally of large sterile radiant flowers .....................  38a. var. plicatum

1b.     Inflorescence composed of fertile flowers yet with 4–6 large sterile radiant flowers ..................      38b. var. tomentosum

 

38a. Viburnum plicatum var. plicatum

粉团 (原变种)  fen tuan (yuan bian zhong)

?Viburnum plicatum var. formosanum Y. C. Liu & C. H. Ou; ?V. plicatum var. plenum Miquel; V. tomentosum var. plicatum Maximowicz; ?V. tomentosum var. plenum Rehder; ?V. tomentosum var. sterile K. Koch.

Inflorescence consisting of totally large sterile radiant flowers

Commonly cultivated in China [Japan].

38b. Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum (Thunberg) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 266. 1866.

蝴蝶戏珠花  hu die xi zhu hua

Viburnum tomentosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 123. 1784, non Lam. 1778; ?V. plicatum var. parvifolium Miquel; V. plicatum f. tomentosum (Thunberg) Rehder; ?V. tomentosum var. parvifolium (Miquel) Rehder.

Inflorescence composed of fertile flowers yet with 4–6 large sterile radiant flowers.

* Mixed forests, thickets; 200–1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

39. Viburnum hanceanum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 26 (Mel. Biol. 10: 662): 487. 1880.

蝶花荚蒾  die hua jia mi

Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and peduncles yellow-brown or rusty stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year purple-brown, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, with dispersed raised lenticels. Petiole 6–15 mm; leaf blade orbicular-ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic, sometimes obovate, 4–8 × 2.5–5.5 cm, papery, both surfaces yellow-brown stellate-pubescent, lateral veins 5–7(–9)-jugate, arched, directly reaching tips of teeth, abaxially raised, adaxially slightly impressed, veinlets transverse, subparallel, slightly conspicuous abaxially, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or cordate, margin serrate, apex rounded or slightly mucronate. Inflorescence an umbel-like cyme, 5–7 cm in diam., gradually glabrescent upward from peduncle, with 2–5 large white sterile radiant flowers; peduncles 2–4 cm, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube obconical, glabrous; lobes ovate. Sterile flowers: corolla white, 2–3 cm in diam., irregularly 4- or 5-lobed; lobes obovate. Fertile flowers: corolla yellow-white, rotate, ca 3 mm in diam.; lobes ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, apex obtuse. Stamens nearly equaling corolla; anthers oblong. Stigmas slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ovoid-orbicular, 5–6 × ca. 4 mm; pyrenes compressed, with a broad ventral groove, both ends rounded. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Scrub; 200–800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hunan, S Jiangxi.

40. Viburnum amplifolium Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 112. 1908.

广叶荚蒾  guang ye jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, 2–4 m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-green or yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year yellow-brown, glabrous. Petiole 1.2–2 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, (4–)6–12(–14) × (2–)4–7(–8.5) cm, papery, both surfaces verrucose, abaxially stellate-pubescent only on veins, adaxially intensely yellow-green when dry, fork-like pubescent, more densely so on midvein, immediately glabrescent, lateral veins 7–9-jugate, partly directly reaching tips of teeth, raised abaxially, veinlets transverse, parallel, conspicuous abaxially, base rounded to cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence an umbel-like cyme, 3–6 cm in diam.; peduncles 3–5.5 cm, slender, with 6 or 7 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd order. Calyx tube tubular, glabrous; lobes narrowly ovate, ca. 2/3 as long as tube, sparsely stellate-pubescent, ciliolate. Corolla white, rotate, ca 3 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens nearly equaling corolla; filaments ca. 1.5 × as long as anthers; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, obovoid-oblong, ca. 8 × 5 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 1 shallow dorsal groove and 2 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Mixed forests, scrub; 1000–1700(–2000) m. SE Yunnan.

41. Viburnum laterale Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 311. 1912.

侧花荚蒾  ce hua jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, glabrous throughout. Branchlets of current year brownish; branchlets of previous year with sparse lenticels, glabrous. Stipules not persistent; petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, ovate-oblong, or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7–12 × 4–7 cm, papery, adaxially lustrous, lateral veins 6–9-jugate, slightly arched, directly reaching tips of teeth, raised abaxially, veinlets inconspicuous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 4–5 cm in diam.; peduncles 5–6 cm, slender, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube oblong-ovoid, ca. 2 mm; lobes triangular-ovate, very small, apex ± acute or obtuse. Styles persistent, exceeding calyx lobes. Corolla, stamens, and fruit unknown.

* Fujian.

This species is known only from the type collection.

42. Viburnum punctatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825.

鳞斑荚蒾  lin ban jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 6–9 m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, inflorescences, bracts, bracteoles, calyx tubes, outside of corollas, and fruit with lepidote scales; branchlets of current year with dense brown lenticels, initially with lepidote scales, glabrescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brown; winter buds naked. ; Petiole robust, 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate, rarely oblong-obovate, (5–) 8–14 (–18) × 3.5–5.5 (–7.5) cm, leathery, adaxially olive-green and lustrous, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, arched, raised abaxially, veinlets inconspicuous, base broadly cuspidate, margin entire or sometimes irregularly dentate in upper part, apex acute, sometimes caudate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 7–10 cm in diam.; peduncles absent or very short, with 4 or 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 1.5 mm; lobes broadly ovate, short, margin membranous, apex rounded or obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, 6–8 mm in diam.; lobes broadly ovate, 2–3 mm, apex rounded. Stamens nearly equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas capitate. Fruit red, later black, broadly ellipsoid, compressed, 8–15(–18) × 6–10 mm; pyrenes compressed, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves, both ends rounded. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Oct. 2n = 18.

Dense forests, forest margins; 200–1900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, SW Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

1a.     Corolla ca. 6 mm in diam.; fruit 8–10 × 6–8 mm ......................................  42a. var. punctatum

1b.     Corolla ca. 8 mm in diam.; fruit 14–15(–18) × ca. 10 mm .......................  42b. var. lepidotulum

 

42a. Viburnum punctatum var. punctatum

鳞斑荚蒾 (原变种)  lin ban jia mi

Viburnum acuminatum Wallich ex de Candolle.

Corolla ca. 6 mm in diam. Fruit 8–10 × 6–8 mm.

Dense forests, forest margins; 700–1900 m. Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

42b. Viburnum punctatum var. lepidotulum (Merrill & Chun) P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 121. 1975.

大果鳞斑荚蒾 (变种)  da guo lin ban jia mi

Viburnum lepidotulum Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 262. 1934.

Corolla ca. 8 mm in diam. Fruit 1.4–1.5(–1.8) × ca. 1 cm.

* Mixed forests; 200–900 m. W Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.

43. Viburnum cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 142. 1825.

水红木  shui hong mu

Viburnum crassifolium Rehder; V. cylindricum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don var. crassifolium (Rehder) C. K. Schneider.

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 8(–15) m tall. Branchlets glabrous or initially stellate-pubescent; winter buds 2-perulate. Petiole 1–3.5(–5) cm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong or ovate-oblong, 8–16(–24) × 3–10 cm, leathery, usually glabrous, with dispersed reddish or yellow tiny glandular dots (sometimes compressed to appear like lepidote scales), with 1 to several glands on both sides near base, lateral veins 3–5(–8)-jugate, arched, base gradually angustate to rounded, margin entire or irregularly shallowly dentate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence an umbel-like cyme, 4–10(–18) cm in diam., glabrous or stellate-pubescent, together with calyx and corolla sometimes with tiny glands; peduncles 1–6 cm, usually with 7 rays; bracts and bracteoles usually caducous. Flowers usually on rays of 3rd order. Calyx tube ovoid-orbicular or obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, with tiny glandular dots; lobes very small and inconspicuous. Corolla white or reddish, campanulate, 4–6 mm, with tiny lepidote glands; lobes erect, orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm. Stamens ca. 3 mm, longer than corolla; anthers purple, oblong, 1–1.8 mm. Fruit red, later blue-black, ovoid, ca. 5 mm; pyrenes compressed-ovoid, ca. 4 × 3.5–4 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 18.

Sparse forests, scrub; 500–3300 m. Gansu (Wenxian), N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam].

44. Viburnum ternatum Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 37. 1907.

三叶荚蒾  san ye jia mi

Viburnum chaffanjoni H. Léveillé.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 6 m tall. Branchlets of current year brownish, yellow stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year black-brown. Leaves in whorls of 3, or opposite on relatively slender branchlets; stipules 2, lanceolate, 4–5 mm, pubescent; petiole 2–6 cm, slender, stellate-pubescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or elliptic to oblong-obovate, sometimes obovate-lanceolate, 8–24 × 4–7(–9.5) cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent and mixed with fork-like or simple hairs only on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially usually sparsely fork-like pubescent, more densely so on midvein, glabrescent, with large glandular spots on both sides of midvein at base, lateral veins 6- or 7-jugate, arched, conspicuously raised abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire or dentate at apex, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a lax compound umbel-like cyme, 12–14(–18) cm in diam., sparsely stellate-pubescent; peduncles nearly absent, with 5–7(–10) rays, middle one shortest. Flowers on rays from 2nd to 6th orders, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 1.8 mm, glabrous; lobes very small and inconspicuous, ciliate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 3 mm in diam.; lobes suborbicular, ca. 1.3 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Stamens ca. 6 mm, much exceeding corolla; filaments folded in bud; anthers yellow-white, broadly elliptic. Fruit red, broadly ellipsoid-oblong, ca. 7 × 5 mm; pyrenes broadly ellipsoid-oblong or ovoid, compressed, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 ventral groove. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep.

* Forests; 600–1400 m. Guizhou, SW Hubei, NW Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan.

45. Viburnum leiocarpum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 76. 1966.

光果荚蒾  guang guo jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, to 10(–15) m tall. Branchlets slightly sparsely pubescent, glabrescent; old branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate. Petiole 2.5–5 cm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to obovate-oblong, 10–18(–25) cm, thickly papery, abaxially sparsely pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, with or without glandular spot, adaxially lustrous, sparsely pubescent only on midvein, or stellate-pubescent or fork-like pubescent throughout, with or without raised dots, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, arched, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuously raised abaxially, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, slightly involute when dry, apex abruptly and shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, ca. 9 cm in diam., sparsely yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; peduncles 1.5–3 cm, with 4 or 5 rays 2–3 cm. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; lobes broadly triangular, very small, apex acute. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 3.5 mm in diam.; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 1 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Stamens inserted at base of corolla tube, obviously exceeding corolla; filaments slightly compressed, folded in bud, ca. 5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fruit red, ovoid-globose, 5–7 × ca. 5 mm, base rounded, apex acute; pyrenes ca. 6 × 5 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.

* Forests; 1000–2200 m. Hainan, SE Yunnan.

 

1a.     Leaves adaxially sparsely pubescent only on midvein, and without raised dots, abaxially without glandular dots                                                                                                               45a. var. leiocarpum

1b.     Leaves adaxially stellate-pubescent or fork-like pubescent throughout, and with raised dots, abaxially with glandular dots ........................................................................................  45b. var. punctatum

 

45a. Viburnum leiocarpum var. leiocarpum

光果荚蒾 ( 原变种)  guang guo jia mi (yuan bian zhong)

Leaves abaxially without glandular dots, adaxially sparsely pubescent only on midvein, and without raised dots.

* Forests; 1000–1600 m. Hainan, SE Yunnan.

45b. Viburnum leiocarpum var. punctatum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 77. 1966.

斑点光果荚蒾  ban dian guang guo jia mi

Leaves abaxially with glandular dots, adaxially stellate-pubescent or fork-like pubescent throughout, and with raised dots.

* Dense forests; 1500–2200 m. SE Yunnan.

46. Viburnum inopinatum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 385. 1911.

厚绒荚蒾  hou rong jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, to 10 m tall. Branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-white or yellow-brown stellate-tomentose. Stipules 2, caducous; petiole 2–5 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, (12–)15–20(–25) × (4–)5–10(–11.5) cm, leathery, abaxially thickly tomentose and mixed with glandular dots, adaxially yellow-brown stellate-tomentose, later only hairy on midvein, with 1 to several large impressed glands on both sides of midvein near base, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, arched, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets raised abaxially, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire or sometimes slightly dentate at apex, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 12–20 cm in diam.; peduncles robust, (1–)1.5–2 cm, rarely absent, with 5–7 rays to 6.5 cm. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 0.7 mm, stellate-tomentose; lobes very small, ca. 0.25 mm, ovate-triangular, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, orbicular in bud, ca. 3.5 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes spreading, ovate, ca. 1 mm, slightly shorter than tube, apex rounded. Stamens inserted at base of corolla tube, ca. 5 mm, obviously exceeding corolla; filaments filiform, folded in bud; anthers broadly elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Fruit red, ovoid-globose to ellipsoid, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, yellow-brown fork-like pubescent or stellate-pubescent, apex acute; pyrenes compressed, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Oct.

Dense forests, 700–1400 m. SW Guangxi, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, N Vietnam].

47. Viburnum lutescens Blume, Bijdr. 655. 1826.

淡黄荚蒾  dan huang jia mi

Viburnum monogynum Blume; V. sundaicum Miquel.

Shrubs, evergreen, to 8(–11) m tall. Branchlets of current year sparsely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; branchlets of previous year gray-white or brown; winter buds 2-perulate; scales stellate-pubescent. Petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, 7–15 × 3–4.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially very sparsely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, lateral veins 5- or 6-jugate, arched, together with midvein raised abaxially, base narrowed and ± decurrent, margin serrate except at base, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like or panicle-like cyme, 4–7 cm in diam., stellate-pubescent; peduncles 2–5 cm, with 4–6 rays unequal in length. Flowers fragrant. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular-ovate, slightly shorter than calyx tube, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes spreading, broadly ovate, nearly equaling tube, apex obtuse. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla, ca. 3 mm; anthers broadly elliptic. Fruit red, later black, broadly ellipsoid, 6–8(–10) × 3–4 mm; pyrenes broadly ellipsoid or oblong-obovoid, with 2 dorsal grooves and 1 broad, deep ventral groove. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Aug–Dec.

Forests, thickets, sandy places along riversides; 200–1000 m. ?Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Hainan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam].

48. Viburnum pyramidatum Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 93. 1908.

锥序荚蒾  zhui xu jia mi

Shrubs or small shrubs, 2–7 m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences yellow-brown stellate-tomentose; branchlets of current year sparsely lenticellate; branchlets of previous year gray-yellow, subglabrous. Petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong or broadly elliptic, 8–16(–20) × 4–8 cm, thickly papery, adaxially lustrous, glabrous throughout except on midvein sparsely stellate-pubescent, lateral veins 6- or 7-jugate, arched, together with midvein raised abaxially, veinlets transverse, inconspicuous or slightly conspicuous abaxially, base narrowed or subrounded, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a pyramidal panicle, 5–10 × 5–10 cm, with 4–6 rays; peduncles 2–4 cm. Flowers on rays of 3rd order. Calyx tube obconical, glabrous; lobes triangular, ca. 1/3 as long as calyx tube, sparsely ciliate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., sparsely stellate-pubescent; lobes ovate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, apex rounded. Stamens slightly shorter than corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit intensely red, oblong or broadly ellipsoid to obovoid-oblong, 7–10 × 4–5 mm; pyrenes slightly compressed, with 2 deep dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove. Fl. Nov-Dec, fr. Mar–Oct.

Sparse forests, scrub; 100–1400 m. SW Guangxi, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].

49. Viburnum chunii P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 82.1966.

金腺荚蒾  jin xian jia mi

Viburnum chunii subsp. chengii P. S. Hsu; V. chunii var. piliferum P. S. Hsu.

Shrubs, evergreen, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets of current year quadrangular, glabrous or yellow-brown adpressed pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brown. Stipules absent; petiole 4–8 mm, sparsely or densely yellow-brown adpressed pubescent; leaf blade ovate-rhombic to rhombic or elliptic-oblong, 5–7(–11) × 2–4 cm, thickly papery to thinly leathery, abaxially glabrous or stellate-pubescent in vein axils, with denser glandular dots, adaxially often with dispersed golden or dark glandular dots, lateral veins 3–5-jugate, slightly raised abaxially, anastomosing near margin, last pair sometimes elongating to upper part of blade, thus appearing triplinerved, base cuneate, margin usually remotely serrate above middle part, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, 1.5–2 cm in diam., sparsely or densely yellow-brown adpressed hairy and with glandular dots; peduncles 5–18 mm. Flowers on rays of 1st order, shortly pedicellate; bracts and bracteoles persistent. Calyx tube campanulate, glabrous; lobes ovate-triangular, apex obtuse, ciliate. Corolla reddish in bud. Fruit red, globose, (7–)8–9(–10) mm in diam.; pyrenes compressed-ovoid, 5–8(–9) × 5–6 mm, without conspicuous grooves. Fl. May, fr. Dec-Nov.

* Dense or sparse forests, scrub; 100–1900 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Guizhou, N Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan, Zhejiang.

50. Viburnum hainanense Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 193. 1940.

海南荚蒾  hai nan jia mi

Viburnum tsangii Rehder; ?V. tsangii f. xanthocarpum Rehder.

Shrubs, evergreen, to 3 m tall. Branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, and inflorescences with black or castaneous-brown glandular dots; branchlets of current year quadrangular, together with petioles and inflorescences yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year purple-brown or gray-brown, glabrous. Petiole 3–6(–10) mm; leaf blade oblong, broadly oblong-lanceolate, or elliptic, 3.5–7(–10) × 1.5–4 cm, subleathery, adaxially slightly shiny, both surfaces glabrous or stellate-pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, with black or castaneous-brown glandular dots, lateral veins 4- or 5-jugate, impressed adaxially, arched, anastomosing near margin, basal pair elongated, thus appearing triplinerved, veinlets subtransverse, conspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate or sometimes rounded, margin entire or remotely dentate above middle part, apex shortly acuminate or acute. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, 2–4 cm in diam.; peduncles 4–10 mm or nearly absent, with (3 or)4 or 5 rays ca. 1 cm. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube ca. 1 mm, sparsely stellate-pubescent; lobes broadly ovate, very short, apex obtuse, slightly ciliate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., glabrous; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes suborbicular, nearly equaling tube. Stamens erect, exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic, ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Styles conical; stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, compressed-ovoid, ca. 6 mm in diam.; pyrenes compressed-orbicular, raised on dorsal side, deeply impressed on ventral side. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Aug–Dec.

Forests, scrub; 600–1400 m. S Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan [N Vietnam].

51. Viburnum sempervirens K. Koch, Hort. Dendr. 300. 1853.

常绿荚蒾  chang lu jia mi

Shrubs, evergreen, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year yellowish or gray-yellowish, quadrangular, sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent or subglabrous; branchlets of previous year purple-brown or gray-brown. Petiole reddish-purple, 5–15 mm, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; leaf blade black to black-brown or gray-black when dry, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, rarely broadly ovate, sometimes oblong or oblanceolate, 4–12(–16) × 2.5–5(–6.5) cm, leathery, abaxially with tiny brown glandular dots throughout, often sparsely adpressed pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially shiny, lateral veins 3–6-jugate, anastomosing near margin or ending in teeth, lowest pair elongated, thus appearing ± triplinerved, conspicuously raised abaxially, deeply impressed adaxially, base acuminate to obtuse, sometimes subrounded, margin entire or serrate in upper part, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, glabrous, subglabrous, or densely stellate-pubescent, 3–5 cm in diam., with red-brown glandular dots; peduncles less than 1 cm, or nearly absent, with (4 or)5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders, shortly pedicellate or sessile. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, ca. 1 mm; lobes broadly ovate, shorter than tube, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 2 × 4 mm; lobes suborbicular, nearly equaling tube. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ovoid, ca. 8 mm; pyrenes compressed-orbicular, obviously or slightly convex on dorsal side, concave or not on ventral side, 3–6 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Oct–Dec.

* Sparse or dense forests, scrub; 100–1800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, S Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

1a.     Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent; pyrenes dorsally convex, ventrally obviously concave, 3–5 mm in diam. .......................................  51a.var. sempervirens

1b.     Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely stellate-pubescent; pyrenes dorsally slightly convex, ventrally not obviously concave, ca. 6 mm in diam. ...............................  52b.var. trichophorum

 

51a. Viburnum sempervirens var. sempervirens

常绿荚蒾 (原变种)  chang lu jia mi (yuan bian zhong)

?Viburnum nervosum Hooker & Arnott (1833), non D. Don (1825); V. venulosum Bentham.

Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent. Pyrenes convex dorsally, obviously concave ventrally, 3–5 mm in diam.

* Sparse or dense forests, scrub; 100–1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi.

51b. Viburnum sempervirens var. trichophorum Handel-Mazzetti, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. Bd. 56 (Pl. Mell. Sin. 3), Abt. B: 465. 1937.

具毛常绿荚蒾  ju mao chang lu jia mi

Viburnum pinfaense H. Léveillé.

Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely stellate-pubescent. Pyrenes slightly convex dorsally, not obviously concave ventrally, ca. 6 mm in diam.

* Forests, scrub; 100–1400 m. ?Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

52. Viburnum squamulosum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 127. 1975.

瑶山荚蒾  yao shan jia mi

Shrubs. Young branchlets, both leaf surfaces, petioles, and inflorescences with red-brown glandular dots, glabrous; branchlets of current year brownish, quadrangular; branchlets of previous year black-brown. Stipules absent; petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 11–17 × 1.5–2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially glabrous, adaxially shiny, lateral veins ca. 6-jugate, ending in teeth or anastomosing near margin, together with midvein raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate to obtuse, margin irregularly serrate or subentire, apex long acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, to 6 cm in diam. at fruiting stage; peduncles ca. 2 cm, slender, with 5 rays 1–2 cm, stellate-pubescent. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube broadly ovate. Corolla (?)white, rotate; lobes broadly obovate, 1–2 mm, apex orbicular; tube ca. 1 mm. Stamens equaling corolla; anthers elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit glabrous or with glandular dots; pyrenes compressed, nearly quadrangular, ca. 5 × 5 mm, raised on dorsal side, impressed on ventral side.

* Dense forests; elevation unknown. Guangxi (Yaoshan).

53. Viburnum lancifolium P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 81. 1966.

披针形荚蒾  pi zhen xing jia mi

Shrubs, evergreen, ca. 2 m tall. Young branchlets, abaxial leaf surfaces, petioles, inflorescences, and calyx tubes with red-brown glandular dots; branchlets of current year quadrangular, together with leaves, petioles, inflorescences, calyx tubes, and margins of calyx lobes yellow-brown stellate-pubescent, or mixed with fork-like or simple hairs; branchlets of previous year purplish-brown, terete. Stipules absent; petiole 8–15(–25) mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 9–19(–27) × 1–4 cm, papery, adaxially shiny, lateral veins 7–12-jugate, lowest pair sometimes appearing nearly triplinerved, together with midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, parallel, slightly raised abaxially, base rounded or obtuse, margin remotely serrate above 1/3 from base, apex long acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, ca. 4 cm in diam., to 5 cm at fruiting stage; peduncles 1.5–4 cm, slender. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders; bracts and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely ciliate. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 1 mm; lobes broadly ovate or broadly triangular-ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube, apex obtuse, slightly ciliolate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes orbicular-ovate, slightly exceeding tube, ca. 1.8 mm wide, apex obtuse. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas capitate, 3-lobed. Fruit red, subglobose, 7–8 mm in diam.; pyrenes compressed, often slightly rectangular, 5–6 × 5–6 mm, raised and without groove on dorsal side, impressed on ventral side, with 2 shallow grooves.

* Sparse forests, forest margins, scrub, sometimes bamboo forests; 200–500 m. Fujian, ?Guangdong, Jiangxi, ?Zhejiang.

54. Viburnum integrifolium Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (Mat. Fl. Formos.): 132. 1911.

全叶荚蒾  quan ye jia mi

Viburnum foetidum Wallich f. integrifolium (Hayata) Nakai; V. foetidum var. integrifolium (Hayata) Kanehira & Hatusima.

Shrubs, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year gray-brown, quadrangular, yellowish stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, with small lenticels; branchlets of previous year terete, glabrous. Stipules absent; petiole 5–10 cm, stellate-pubescent; leaf blade black-brown when dry, oblong or oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5–11 × 1.5–2.8 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially with dispersed small brown dots, lateral veins 4–6-jujate, pinnate, arched, anastomosing near margin, base cuneate, margin irregularly repand, not dentate, apex abruptly narrowed and long caudate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, or at apices of branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, 2.5–5 cm in diam., rays of different orders slender, stellate-pubescent and with red-brown glandular dots; peduncles 2–2.5 cm, with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, long pedicellate or sessile. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 1 mm, with few red-brown glandular dots; lobes ovate, ca. 0.8 mm, apex acute. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam.; lobes ovate, ca. 1.2 mm, exceeding tube, apex rounded. Stamens nearly equaling corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Styles not exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit ovoid, ca. 7.5 mm; pyrenes compressed, raised on dorsal side, slightly impressed on ventral side. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.

* Mountains; 1600–2000 m. Taiwan.

55. Viburnum parvifolium Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (Mat. Fl. Formos.): 134. 1911.

小叶荚蒾  xiao ye jia mi

Viburnum yamadai Bartlett & Yamamoto.

Shrubs. Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely stellate-pubescent; branchlets broadly spreading or erect, dark castaneous-brown, slender, with bright lenticels, glabrous. Stipules absent; petiole 4–6 mm; leaf blade oblong or orbicular, very rarely ovate, 1–3 × 1–2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent and with brown glandular dots, more densely hairy on veins, adaxially stellate-pubescent only on veins, lateral veins 3(or 4)-jugate, ending in teeth, basal pair appearing triplinerved, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex rounded or slightly acute. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme; peduncle ca. 5 mm. Flowers unknown. Fruit red, compressed, oblong or orbicular, ca. 10 × 5–7 mm; pyrenes compressed-ovoid, ca. 6.5 × 4 mm, base [??dorsal side] slightly impressed, with 1 shallow groove on ventral side, apex slightly mucronate. Fl. unknown, fr. Nov.

* Mountains; 2500–3300 m. Taiwan.

56. Viburnum foetidum Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 49. 1830.

臭荚蒾  chou jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, erect or climbing, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, and inflorescences stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year purple-brown, glabrous. Stipules often absent; petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic to oblong-rhombic or obovate, 4–10 × 1.5–2.5 cm, papery to thickly papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, rarely densely stellate-tomentose, adaxially densely pubescent on midvein but glabrous on other parts, lateral veins 2–4-jugate, arched, ending in teeth, basal pair often appearing triplinerved, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, conspicuously raised abaxially, base cuneate to rounded, margin subentire or grossly dentate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of lateral branchlets, 5–8 cm in diam.; peduncles (0.5–)2–5 cm, with 4–8 rays. Flowers usually on rays of 2nd order. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 1 mm, stellate-pubescent; lobes ovate-triangular, very short, stellate-pubescent. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam., sparsely pubescent; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, exceeding tube, very minutely glandular ciliate. Stamens equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; anthers yellow-white, elliptic, less than 1 mm. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ovoid-ellipsoid, compressed, 6–8 mm; pyrenes ellipsoid, compressed, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves, and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.

Forests, scrub; 600–3100 m. N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Xizang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].

 

1a.     Leaves obovate, margin grossly dentate in upper part ..........................  56c. var. ceanothoides

1b.     Leaves ovate or elliptic to oblong-rhombic, margin shallowly dentate or subentire.

2a.    Branchlets not obviously elongated; peduncles (0.5–)2–5 cm ..................  56a. var. foetidum

2b.    Branchlets elongated; peduncles very short to 2 cm at most, or absent  56b. var. rectangulatum

 

56a. Viburnum foetidum var. foetidum

臭荚蒾 (原变种)  chou jia mi (yuan bian zhong )

Branchlets not obviously elongated. Leaves ovate or elliptic to oblong-rhombic, margin shallowly dentate or subentire. Peduncles (0.5–)2–5 cm.

Scrub of forest margins; 1200–3100 m. S and SE Xizang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].

56b. Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum (Graebner) Rehder in Sargent, Trees & Shrubs 2: 114. 1908.

直角荚蒾  zhi jiao jia mi

Viburnum rectangulatum Graebner [??ex Hayata], Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 588. 1901; Hedyotis yunnanensis H. Léveillé; Oldenlandia yunnanensis (H. Léveillé) Chun; V. foetidum var. malacotrichum Handel-Mazzetti; V. foetidum var. penninervium Handel-Mazzetti; V. pallidum Franchet; V. parvilimbum Merrill; V. touchanense H. Léveillé.

Branchlets elongated. Leaves ovate or elliptic to oblong-rhombic, margin shallowly dentate or subentire. Peduncles very short to 2 cm at most, or absent. 2n = 18*.

* Forests, scrub; 600–2400 m. N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Xizang.

56c. Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoides (C. H. Wright) Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1038. 1936.

珍珠荚蒾  zhen zhu jia mi

Viburnum ceanothoides C. H. Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 23. 1896; Premna valbrayi H. Léveillé; V. ajugifolium H. Léveillé.

Branchlets ± elongated. Leaves obovate, margin grossly dentate in upper part. Peduncles 1–2.5(–8) cm.

* Dense forests, scrub; 900–2600 m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, Yunnan.

57. Viburnum setigerum Hance, J. Bot., 20: 261. 1882.

茶荚蒾  cha jia mi

Viburnum bodinieri H. Léveillé; V. setigerum var. sulcatum P. S. Hsu; V. theiferum Rehder.

Shrubs, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Winter buds and leaves black, black-brown, or gray-black when dry; branchlets of current year grayish yellow, glabrous; branchlets of previous year gray, gray-brown, or purple-brown; winter buds usually less than 5 mm, to 1 cm at most, glabrous, with a pair of outer scales 1/3–1/2 as long as buds. Petiole 1–1.5(–2.5) cm, sparsely adpressed long hairy or subglabrous; leaf blade ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, rarely ovate to elliptic-ovate, 7–12(–15) × 3–5.5 cm, papery, abaxially yellowish adpressed long hairy only on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially long hairy, glabrescent, lateral veins 6–8-jugate, straight and subparallel, ending in teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, often nodding, 2.5–4 (–5) cm in diam., glabrous or sparsely adpressed long hairy; peduncles 1–2.5(–3.5) cm, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd order, pedicellate or sessile. Calyx tube ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; lobes ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, 4–6 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, exceeding tube. Stamens nearly equaling corolla; anthers globose, very small. Styles not exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ovoid, 9–11 mm; pyrenes very compressed, ovoid, 8–10 × 5–7 mm, sometimes much smaller, occasionally ovoid-oblong, only 4–5 mm in diam., compressed, slightly impressed on ventral side. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 18*.

* Forests, scrub; (200–)800–1700 m. Anhui, N Fujian, N Guangdong, E Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Henan, W Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, E Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

58. Viburnum melanocarpum P. S. Hsu in Chen et al., Observ. Fl. Hwangshan. 181. 1965.

黑果荚蒾  hei guo jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3.5 m tall. Branchlets of current year grayish-black, together with petioles and inflorescences sparsely yellowish stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year red-brown, glabrous; winter buds ca. 6 mm, densely yellow-white pubescent. Stipules subulate, ca. 3 mm, caducous, or absent; petiole 1–2(–4) cm; leaf blade obovate, orbicular-obovate, or broadly elliptic, rarely rhombic-elliptic, 6–10(–12) × 3–6 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely adpressed long hairy on midvein and lateral veins and sparsely stellate-pubescent in vein axils, adaxially shiny, often stiff-hairy on midvein, later subglabrous, lateral veins usually 6- or 7-jugate, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, base rounded, shallowly cordate, or broadly cuneate, margin denticulate, apex often abruptly and shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of short branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, with dispersed small glandular dots, ca. 5 cm in diam.; peduncles 1.5–3 cm, slender, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube tubular-obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, slightly exceeding tube. Stamens exceeding or slightly shorter than corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas capitate, exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit dark purple-red, later black, shiny, ellipsoid, 8–10 mm; pyrenes compressed-ovoid, ca. 8 × 6 mm, longitudinally raised on ventral side. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Forests, scrub; ca. 1000 m. Anhui, Henan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

59. Viburnum betulifolium Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 371. 1894.

桦叶荚蒾  hua ye jia mi

Viburnum adenophorum W. W. Smith; V. betulifolium var. flocculosum (Rehder) P. S. Hsu; V. dasyanthum Rehder; V. flavescens W. W. Smith; V. formosanum Hayata f. morrisonense (Hayata) Nakai; V. hupehense Rehder; V. hupehense subsp. septentrionale P. S. Hsu; V. lobophyllum Graebner; V. lobophyllum var. flocculosum Rehder; V. lobophyllum var. silvestrii Pampanini; V. luzonicum Rolfe var. morrisonense (Hayata) S. S. Ying; V. morrisonense Hayata; V. ovatifolium Rehder; V. taihasense Hayata; V. willeanum Graebner; V. wilsonii Rehder; V. wilsonii var. adenophorum (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2–5(–7) m tall. Branchlets purple-brown or black-brown, with dispersed lenticels, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; winter buds ± hairy outside. Petiole 1–2(–3.5) cm, sparsely long hairy or glabrous, often with a pair of small subulate stipules; leaf blade broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate or broadly obovate, rarely elliptic-oblong, 3.5–8.5(–12) × 3–5.5(–9) cm, thickly papery or slightly leathery, abaxially pubescent on midvein and lateral veins and stellate-pubescent in vein axils, or stellate-pubescent throughout, with or without glandular dots, adaxially glabrous or pubescent on midvein, lateral veins (4- or)5 or 6(or 7)-jugate, base broadly cuneate to rounded, rarely truncate, margin crenate above 1/3–1/2 from base, apex abruptly and shortly acuminate to acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, or at apices of lateral short branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, 5–12 cm in diam., usually densely or sparsely yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; peduncles usually less than 1 cm, usually with 7 rays. Flowers on rays from 3rd to 5th orders. Calyx tube with yellow-brown gland-dots and sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent; lobes broadly ovate-triangular, small, apex obtuse, ciliate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., glabrous or stellate-pubescent; lobes orbicular-ovate, exceeding tube. Stamens usually exceeding corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, subglobose, ca. 6 mm; pyrenes compressed, 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, with 2 deep dorsal grooves, and 1–3 ventral grooves, apex acute. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Forests, scrub; 1300–3500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Henan, W Hubei, S Ningxia, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, NW Zhejiang.

This is a most polymorphic species, perhaps including many geographical races. There exists a very complicated variation pattern among the different geographical races in the absence or presence and the density of the pubescence on the winter bud, calyx tube, and corolla, and in the size of the corolla and fruit, in the texture and shape of the leaf, the presence or absence of pubescence on the adaxial leaf surface, and in the presence and absence of glandular dots, and of the stellate pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface. Thus, it is very difficult to identify the different geographical races.

Valery Malécot commented that this species and Viburnum lobophyllum are quite distinct, not only in leaf characters, but also in plant architecture.

60. Viburnum hengshanicum Tsiang ex P. S. Hsu in Chen et al., Observ. Fl. Hwangshan. 178. 1965.

衡山荚蒾  heng shan jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, to 2.5 m tall, glabrous throughout except on abaxial leaf surfaces and inflorescences. Branchlets of current year grayish-brown; branchlets of previous year gray-white, with dispersed lenticels; winter buds long, 8–10 mm, acute, with 2 pairs of scales, outer ones ca. 1/2 as long as inner ones. Petiole (1–)2–4.5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, rarely obovate, 9–14(–18) × 5–13 cm, papery, base rounded or shallowly cordate, sometimes truncate, margin remotely irregularly dentate, apex abruptly and shortly acuminate or abruptly narrowed and long mucronate, sometimes (2 or)3-lobed, abaxially sparsely adpressed hairy on midvein and lateral veins or glabrous and stellate-pubescent in vein axils, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 5–7-jugate, lowest pair appearing triplinerved, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, 5(–9) cm in diam., pubescent; peduncles (5–)6–10(–12.5) cm, with (6 or)7 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders. Calyx tube cylindric, ca. 1 mm; lobes broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam.; tube ca. 1.2 mm; lobes suborbicular, ca. 1 mm. Stamens 5–6 mm, obviously exceeding corolla; anthers broadly oblong-elliptic. Stigmas exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, narrowly orbicular to orbicular; pyrenes compressed-obovoid, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves, and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Forests, thickets; 600–1300 m. Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, N Jiangxi, NW Zhejiang.

61. Viburnum dilatatum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 124. 1784.

荚蒾  jia mi

Viburnum brevipes Rehder; V. dilatatum var. fulvotomentosum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu; ?V. dilatatum var. macrophyllum P. S. Hsu; ?V. erosum var. hirsutum Pampanini; V. fulvotomentosum P. S. Hsu.

Shrubs, deciduous, 1.5–3 m tall. Branchlets of current year, winter buds, petioles, and inflorescences densely bristle-like hairy and stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year dark purple-brown, sparsely hairy or subglabrous. Stipules absent; petiole (2–)10–15 cm; leaf blade broadly obovate, obovate, or broadly ovate, 3–10(–13) × 2–7(–11) cm, papery, abaxially yellowish fork-like pubescent and stellate-pubescent, usually with dispersed yellowish or nearly colorless transparent glandular dots, adaxially adpressed hairy, lateral veins 6–8-jugate, ending in teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base rounded to obtuse or slightly cordate, sometimes cuneate, margin serrate, apex acute. Inflorescence a dense compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of short branchlets with a pair of leaves, 4–10 cm in diam.; peduncles 1–2(–3) cm, with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders. Calyx tube narrowly tubular, ca. 1 mm, stellate-pubescent; lobes ovate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam., stellate-pubescent; lobes orbicular-ovate. Stamens conspicuously exceeding corolla; anthers whitish, broadly elliptic, small. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, ellipsoid-ovoid, 7–8 mm; pyrenes compressed-ovoid, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves, and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 18*.

Sparse forests, forest margins, scrub; 100–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hebei, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

62. Viburnum longiradiatum P. S. Hsu & S W. Fan, Acta Phytotax. Sinica 11: 78. 1966.

长伞梗荚蒾  chang san geng jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 1–4 m tall. Branchlets of current year brown, together with petioles and inflorescences with dense, yellow-green, simple, long hairs; branchlets of previous year purple-brown. Stipules subulate, ca. 2 mm, or absent; petiole 1–3 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate, obovate-orbicular or oblong, 5–10 × 4–5.5 cm, papery, abaxially stellate-pubescent, adaxially with sparse, simple hairs, later only hairy on veins, lateral veins (6- or)7–9-jugate, ending in teeth, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially, base broadly obtuse to rounded, margin crenate, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 4–8(–14) cm in diam.; peduncle 1.5–4 cm, with 5–7 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube cylindric, ca. 2 mm, with simple hairs; lobes triangular to orbicular, ciliate. Corolla white or reddish, rotate, ca. 6 mm in diam., outside with simple hairs; lobes ovate, ca. 3 mm, exceeding tube. Stamens exceeding corolla; filaments ca. 3 × as long as anthers; anthers elliptic. Styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red; pyrenes compressed, ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 7.5 × 5 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acute. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep.

* Forests, scrub; 900–2300 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.

63. Viburnum dalzielii W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 137. 1916.

粤赣荚蒾  yue gan jia mi

Shrubs, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year, petioles, inflorescences, calyces, and corollas outside with dense yellow-brown stellate bristle-hairs; branchlets of previous year gray-brown, glabrous. Stipules absent; petiole 1(–2) cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 8–17 × 4–7 cm, papery or thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous throughout except midvein and lateral veins yellow-brown bristle-hairy, lateral veins 8–12-jugate, together with midvein raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially, base shallowly cordate or subrounded, margin remotely denticulate, entire or slightly crenate at base, apex long acuminate or abruptly caudate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 5–6 cm in diam.; peduncle 1–4 cm, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube obconical; lobes triangular-ovate, very short. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam.; lobes suborbicular. Stamens slightly exceeding corolla. Styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red; pyrenes ovoid, 7–8 × 5–6 mm, with 2 dorsal grooves and 3 ventral grooves. Fl. May, fr. Nov.

* Thickets, forests; 400–1100 m. Guangdong, Jiangxi.

64. Viburnum fordiae Hance, J. Bot. 21: 321. 1883.

南方荚蒾  nan fang jia mi

Viburnum hirtulum Rehder.

Shrubs or small trees, to 5 m tall. Young branchlets, winter buds, petioles, inflorescences, calyces, and corollas outside dark yellow or yellow-brown stellate-tomentose; branchlets gray-brown or black-brown. Stipules absent; petiole 5–15 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4–7(–9) × 2.5–5 cm, papery to thickly papery, abaxially densely stellate-pubescent, adaxially with dispersed red-brown glandular dots, stellate-pubescent or fork-like pubescent, lateral veins 5–7(–9)-jugate, ending in teeth, raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded to obtuse or broadly cuneate, rarely cuneate, margin often denticulate except at base, apex obtuse or shortly acute to shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, terminal or at apices of lateral branchlets, with a pair of leaves, 3–8 cm in diam.; peduncle 1–3.5 cm or very rarely nearly absent, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders. Calyx tube obconical; lobes triangular. Corolla white, rotate, (3.5–)4–5 mm in diam.; lobes ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, exceeding tube. Stamens equaling or slightly exceeding corolla; anthers suborbicular, small. Styles exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas capitate. Fruit red, ovoid, 6–7 mm; pyrenes compressed, ca. 6 × 4 mm, with 1 dorsal groove and 2 ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct–Nov.

* Sparse forests, scrub; 100–1000 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

65. Viburnum mullaha Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 141. 1825.

西域荚蒾  xi yu jia mi

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, to 4 m tall. Branchlets of current year densely gray-brown stellate-tomentose, mixed with long hairs, or subglabrous; branchlets of previous year purple-brown, glabrous; winter buds ca. 5 mm, outside adpressed pubescent. Stipules absent; petiole 1–2.5 cm, densely stellate-pubescent; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–10 × 1.8–6 cm, abaxially densely stellate-pubescent, or only so in vein axils, adaxially with sparse, simple, fork-like or stellate hairs, or hairy only on midvein, lateral veins 5- or 6(–8)-jugate, ending in teeth, together with transverse veinlets raised abaxially, papery, base broadly cuneate to rounded or slightly cordate, margin remotely serrate except at base, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel-like cyme, ca. 6 cm in diam.; peduncle (0.4–)1.5–2.5 cm, with 5–7 rays. Flowers on rays from 2nd to 4th order. Calyx tube ca. 1 mm, outside sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent and with dense glandular dots; lobes triangular-ovate, very small, stellate-pubescent, apex acute. Corolla white, rotate, sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes orbicular-ovate, subequaling tube, apex rounded. Stamens shorter than corolla lobes. Styles very short, shorter than calyx lobes. Fruit red, broadly ellipsoid, 5–7 mm in diam.; pyrenes ovoid, 4–6 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 18*.

Needle-leaved and broad-leaved mixed forests; 2200–2700 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal].

 

1a.     Branchlets of current year and abaxial surfaces of young leaves stellate-tomentose; calyx tube and corolla outside densely stellate-pubescent ..........................................................................  65a. var. mullaha

1b.     Branchlets of current year subglabrous; leaves abaxially stellate-pubescent only in vein axils and hairy only on midvein; calyx tube and corolla outside very sparsely pubescent .............  65b. var. glabrescens

 

65a. Viburnum mullaha var. mullaha

西域荚蒾 (原变种)  xi yu jia mi (yuan bian zhong)

Viburnum involucratum Wallich ex de Candolle; ?V. stellulatum Wallich.

Branchlets of current year and abaxial surfaces of young leaves stellate-tomentose. Calyx tube and corolla densely stellate-pubescent outside.

Needle-leaved and broad-leaved mixed forests; 2300–2700 m. S and SE Xizang, NW Yunnan (Gongshan) [India, Nepal].

65b. Viburnum mullaha var. glabrescens (C. B. Clarke) Kitamura, Fauna & Fl. Nepal Himal. 1: 235. 1955.

少毛西域荚蒾  shao mao xi yu jia mi

Viburnum stellulatum Wallich ex de Candolle var. glabrescens C. B. Clarke.

Branchlets of current year subglabrous. Leaves stellate-pubescent only in vein axils and hairy only on midvein on abaxial surface. Calyx tube and corolla very sparsely pubescent outside.

Mixed forests; 2200–2700 m. Xizang [Bhutan, E India, Kashimir, Nepal].

66. Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 310. 1884.

吕宋荚蒾  lu song jia mi

Viburnum foochowense W. W. Smith; V. formosanum Hayata f. mushanense Nakai; ?V. luzonicum var. formosanum (Hance) Rehder var. mushanense Kaneh. & Sasaki, nom. nud.; V. mushanense Hayata; ?V. parvifolium W. W. Smith (1917), non Hayata (1912); V. smithianum H. L. Li; V. smithii Metcalf.

Shrubs, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year, winter buds, petioles, inflorescences, calyx tube, and calyx lobes yellow-brown stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year dark purple-brown, sparsely stellate-pubescent. Stipules absent; petiole usually 3–10(–15) mm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate to oblong, sometimes subrhombic, 4–9(–11) × 2–5 cm, papery or thickly papery, abaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent or fork-like pubescent, adaxially with transparent glandular dots and fork-like pubescent on midvein, lateral veins 5–9-jugate, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin serrate, ciliate, apex acuminate to acute. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, usually at apices of short lateral branchlets with a pair of leaves or terminal on branchlets, 3–5 cm in diam.; peduncle usually very short or nearly absent, very rarely to 1.5 cm, with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 3rd and 4th orders. Calyx tube ovate-orbicular, ca. 1 mm; lobes ovate-lanceolate. Corolla white, rotate, globose, 4–5 mm in diam., outside stellate-pubescent; lobes ovate, exceeding tube. Stamens shorter or slightly longer than corolla; anthers broadly elliptic. Stigmas indistinctly 3-lobed. Fruit red, ovoid, 5–6 mm; pyrenes very compressed, ovoid, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, with 3 shallow dorsal grooves and 2 shallow ventral grooves, base truncate, apex acute. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.

Sparse forests, scrub, roadsides; 100–700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Malaysia, Philippines].

67. Viburnum formosanum Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1) (Mat. Fl. Formos.): 132. 1911.

台中荚蒾  tai zhong jia mi

Shrubs. Branchlets of current year densely yellow-brown stellate-pubescent or glabrous; branchlets of previous year gray-black, with sparse lenticels. Stipules absent; petiole 5–15 mm, sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent; leaf blade ovate, 5–10 × 3–5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially sparsely adpressed hairy on midvein and lateral veins, sparsely stellate-pubescent in vein axils, adaxially shiny, sparsely adpressed hairy only on midvein, lateral veins 7- or 8-jugate, together with midvein conspicuously raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, base rounded or slightly cordate, margin serrate except at base, apex abruptly caudate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of short lateral branchlets, with a pair of leaves, 3–4 cm in diam., sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, with 4 or 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd order. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, stellate-pubescent, or glabrous; lobes broadly ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, ciliolate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 4.5 mm in diam., glabrous; lobes obovate, ca. 1.5 mm, exceeding tube, margin slightly erose. Stamens equaling or slightly longer than corolla; anthers elliptic-ovate, ca. 1/4 as long as styles; stigmas capitate. Fruit red, ca. 8 mm; pyrenes oblong-ovoid, compressed, ca. 6 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Oct.

* Forests, scrub; 100–1100 m. N Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, S Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, S Zhejiang.

 

1a.     Calyx tube glabrous ............................................................................  67c. subsp. leiogynum

1b.     Calyx tube stellate-pubescent.

2a.    Young branchlets glabrous; petioles sparsely simple hairy; inflorescence sparsely stellate-pubescent  67a. subsp. formosanum

2b.    Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely yellow-brown stellate pubescent  67b. var. pubigerum

 

67a. Viburnum formosanum subsp. formosanum

台中荚蒾 (原亚种)  tai zhong jia mi (yuan ya zhong)

Viburnum dilatatum var. formosanum (Hance) Maximowicz; ?Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe var. formosanum (Hance) Rehder f. subglabrum (Hayata) Kaneh. & Sasaki, nom. nud.; ?V. subglabrum Hayata.

Young branchlets glabrous. Petiole sparsely simple hairy. Inflorescence sparsely stellate-pubescent. Calyx tube stellate-pubescent.

* Forests. Taiwan.

67b. Viburnum formosanum subsp. formosanum var. pubigerum (P. S. Hsu) P. S. Hsu, Ann. Bot. Fennici 44: 154. 2007 [see FOC Guidelines, no quadrinomials].

毛枝台中荚蒾  mao zhi tai zhong jia mi

Viburnum formosanum subsp. leiogynum P. S. Hsu var. pubigerum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 126. 1975.

Young branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely yellow-brown stellate pubescent. Calyx tube stellate-pubescent.

* Sparse or dense forests, scrub; 100–1000 m. N Guangdong, S Hunan, Jiangxi.

67c. Viburnum formosanum subsp. leiogynum P. S. Hsu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(1): 81. 1966.

光萼荚蒾  guang e jia mi

Young branchlets and petioles glabrous or stellate-pubescent. Inflorescence stellate-pubescent. Calyx tube glabrous.

* Forests; 700–1100 m. N Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, S Zhejiang.

68. Viburnum erosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 124. 1784 [Thunberg ex Murray in Linnaeus, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 295. 1784].

宜昌荚蒾  yi chang jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year, winter buds, petioles, and inflorescences densely stellate-pubescent and mixed with simple long hairs; branchlets of previous year grayish-brown, glabrous. Stipules 2, subulate, persistent; petiole 3–5 mm, with coarse short hairs; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, ovate-oblong, narrowly ovate, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5–6 × 1.5–3.5 cm, papery, abaxially densely stellate-pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent, lateral veins 7–10(–14)-jugate, ending in teeth, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or slightly cordate, or sometimes shallowly 2-lobed, margin serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of short lateral branchlets with a pair of leaves, 2–4 cm in diam.; peduncle 1–2.5 cm, usually with 5 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, often long pedicellate. Calyx tube tubular, ca. 1.5 mm, stellate-pubescent; lobes ovate-triangular, apex obtuse, ciliate. Corolla white, rotate, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous or subglabrous; lobes orbicular-ovate, ca. 2 mm. Stamens slightly shorter to longer than corolla; anthers yellow-white, suborbicular. Styles exceeding calyx lobes. Fruit red, broadly ovoid, 6–7(–9) mm; pyrenes compressed, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Oct.

Forests, scrub; 300–1800(–2300) m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

 

1a.     Leaves undivided, margin serrate .................................................................  68a. var. erosum

1b.     Leaves often shallowly 2-lobed at base, margin grossly dentate .....................  68b. var. taquetii

 

68a. Viburnum erosum var. erosum

宜昌荚蒾 (原变种)  yi chang jia mi ( yuan bian zhong)

Viburnum erosum subsp. ichangense (Hemsley) P. S. Hsu; V. erosum Thunberg var. ichangense Hemsley; V. erosum var. setchuenense Graebner; V. ichangense Rehder; ?V. ichangense var. atratocarpum (P. S. Hsu) T. R. Dudley & S. C. Sun; V. matsudai Hayata; ?V. villosifolium Hayata.

Leaves undivided, margin serrate.

Forests, scrub; 300–1800(–2300) m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

68b. Viburnum erosum var. taquetii (H. Léveillé) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 311. 1912.

裂叶宜昌荚蒾  lie ye yi chang jia mi

Viburnum taquetii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 443. 1911; ?V. erosum var. furcipila Franchet & Savatier; V. erosum subsp. ichangense (Hemsley) P. S. Hsu var. taquetii (H. Léveillé) P. S. Hsu; ?V. erosum var. laevis Franchet & Savatier; V. erosum var. punctatum Franchet & Savatier; V. erosum var. punctatum Franchet & Savatier f. taquetii (H. Léveillé) Sugimoto; ?V. meyer-waldeckii Loesener.

Leaves often shallowly 2-lobed at base, margin grossly dentate.

Forests, scrub; 600–700 m. Shandong (Qingdao) [Japan, Korea].

69. Viburnum kansuense Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 372. 1894.

甘肃荚蒾  gan su jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, 0.6–3 m tall. Branchlets of current year pale-brown, glabrous; branchlets of previous year gray or gray-brown, with dispersed lenticels; winter buds with 2 pairs of separate scales. Stipules 2, subulate; petiole 1–2.5(–4.5) cm, glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate to oblong-ovate or obovate, 3–8 × 3–7 cm, papery, abaxially adpressed long hairy, densely stellate-pubescent in vein axils, adaxially sparsely stellate-pubescent throughout or only on veins, 3-lobed, 3–5-palmatinerved, base truncate to subcordate or broadly cuneate, middle lobe largest, lobes irregularly dentate, apex acuminate or acute. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 2–4 cm in diam., pubescent; peduncle 2.5–3.5 cm, with 5–7 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders. Calyx tube purple-red, glabrous. Corolla reddish, rotate, ca. 6 mm in diam.; lobes suborbicular, ca. 2.5 × 2.5 mm, slightly exceeding tube, base narrow, margin slightly erose. Stamens slightly longer than corolla; anthers red-brown, globose, ca. 0.8 mm in diam. Stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit red, ellipsoid or subglobose, 8–10(–12) × 7–8 mm; pyrenes compressed-ellipsoid, 7–9 × ca. 5 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 3 shallow ventral grooves. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.

* Abies forests, mixed forests; 2400–3600 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

70. Viburnum koreanum Nakai, Tent. Capr. Jap. 42. 1921 [Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 11: 43. 1921; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 42: 42. 1921].

朝鲜荚蒾  chao xian jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, 1–2 m tall. Young branches green-brown, later gray-brown, glabrous; winter buds with a pair of connate scales. Stipules 2, subulate; petiole 0.5–2(–2.5) cm, sparsely pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade suborbicular or broadly ovate, 6–13 × 5–10 cm, papery, abaxially with minute glandular dots and yellowish pubescent on veins and in vein axils, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, glabrescent, 2- or 3(or 4)-lobed, those at apices of branches sometimes undivided, 3–5-palmatinerved, base rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate, with 1 gland on each side near petiole, apices of lobes acute, margin irregularly dentate. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, at apices of short branchlets, with a pair of leaves, 2–4 cm in diam., 5–30-flowered; peduncle 1.5–4 cm, slender, with 5–7 rays. Flowers on rays of 1st order, very shortly pedicellate. Calyx lobes triangular, ca. 0.6 mm, glabrous. Corolla white, rotate, 6–8 mm in diam. Stamens very short; anthers yellow-white. Fruit yellow-red or dark red, subellipsoid, 7–11 × 5–7 mm; pyrenes ovoid-oblong, ca. 7 × 5.5 mm, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 broad ventral groove. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.

Needle-leaved forests, forest margins; ca. 1400 m. Jilin [Japan, Korea].

71. Viburnum opulus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 268. 1753.

欧洲荚蒾  ou zhou jia mi

Shrubs, deciduous, 1.5–4 m tall. Branchlets of current year glabrous or pubescent, with conspicuously raised lenticels; branchlets of previous year yellowish or red-brown; bark thin or thick, corky or not; winter buds ovoid, stipitate, with a pair of connate outer scales, glabrous, inner scales membranous, base connate into a tube. Stipules 2, subulate; petiole robust, 1–2 cm, glabrous or pubescent, with 2–4 or more discoid glands; leaf blade orbicular-ovate to broadly ovate or obovate, 6–12 × 5–10 cm, glabrous, usually 3-lobed, 3-palmatinerved, base rounded, truncate, or shallowly cordate, apex of lobes acuminate, margin irregularly dentate; lateral lobes slightly spreading toward outside. Leaves on upper part of branchlets often narrow and longer, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate and not divided, margin sparsely crenate or shallowly 3-lobed, lobes entire or subentire, lateral lobes short, middle lobes elongated. Inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, 5–10 cm in diam., mostly with large sterile radiant flowers; peduncle robust, 2–5 cm, glabrous or pubescent, with 6–8 rays. Flowers on rays of 2nd and 3rd orders, very shortly pedicellate. Calyx tube obconical, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; lobes triangular, glabrous. Corolla white, rotate; tube subequaling lobes, inside pubescent; lobes suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, slightly unequal in size. Stamens at least 1.5 × as long as corolla; anthers yellow-white or purple, less than 1 mm. Styles not persistent; stigmas 2-lobed. Sterile flowers white, 1.3–2.5 cm in diam., long pedicellate, lobes broadly obovate, apex rounded, unequally shaped. Fruit red, suborbicular, 8–10(–12) mm in diam.; pyrenes compressed, subglobose, 7–9 mm in diam., without grooves. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 18*.

Forests, scrub; 1000–2200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, N Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Xinjiang, NW Zhejiang [Japan, Korea; Europe].

 

1a.     Bark thin, not corky; anthers yellow-white .....................................................  71a. var. opulus

1b.     Bark thick, corky; anthers purple ...............................................................  71b. var. sargentii

 

71a. Viburnum opulus var. opulus

欧洲荚蒾 (原变种)  ou zhou jia mi (yuan bian zhong)

Bark thin, not corky. Anthers yellow-white.

Forests; 1000–1600 m. NW Zhejiang [Europe].

71b. Viburnum opulus var. sargentii (Koehne) Takeda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 25. 1911.

鸡树条  ji shu tiao

Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Gartenflora 8: 341. 1899; V. opulus subsp. calvescens (Rehder) Sugimoto; V. opulus var. calvescens (Rehder) H. Hara; ?V. opulus var. calvescens f. puberulum (Komarov) Sugimoto; V. opulus var. sargentii (Koehne) Takeda; ?V. pubinerve Blume ex Miquel; V. pubinerve f. calvescens (Rehder) Rehder; ?V. pubinerve f. puberulum (Komarov) Nakai; V. sargentii f. calvescens (Rehder) Rehder; V. sargentii var. calvescens Rehder ?V. sargentii f. glabra Komarov; ?V. sargentii var. intermedium (Nakai) Kitagawa; ?V. sargentii f. puberulum Komarov; ?V. sargentii var. puberulum (Komarov) Kitagawa.

Bark thick, corky. Anthers purple. 2n = 18.

Forests, scrub, thickets; 1000–2200 m. Anhui, S Gansu, N Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Hubei, ?Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ?Mongolia].