ASTRAGALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 755. 1753. [Draft]

黄耆属 huang qi shu

Lang-Ran Xu; Dietrich Podlech

Annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, often sometimes piny, glabrous or hairy; hairs basifixed or symmetrically to asymmetrically bifurcate, white or black, at margins of stipules and bracts often with minute subsessile glands. Leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate or leaflets rarely verticillate. Stipules green or membranous, adnate to the petiole or free, often vaginate-connate behind the stem. Racemes axillary, sessile or pedunculated, loosely or densely few- to many-flowered. Flowers subsessile or with a distinct pedicel. Bracteoles sometimes present. Calyx campanulate to tubular, with 5 equal or unequal teeth mostly hairy on inner side, sometimes inflated in fruit. Petals glabrous or more rarely hairy. Standard mostly emarginate at the tip, more rarely rounded, mostly with a ± distinct claw. Wings auriculate at the limb base. Stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous, with uniform anthers. Ovary sessile or stipitate. Style below or at the capitate stigma rarely hairy or penicillate. Legumes very variable, mostly keeled ventrally and grooved dorsally, unilocular, incompletely or completely bilocular; walls membranous, coriaceous or rarely hard and legumes then nut-like. Seeds rectangular-reniform, estrophiolate.

      About 2500 species in the Old World, represented in nearly all parts of the Northern hemisphere; ca. 500 species in the New World; 394 species (215 = 55 % endemic) in China.

Measurements of legumes always without stipe and beak. Several species and varieties of the genus described from China, the types of which are housed in several little herbaria, have not seen by us. The taxonomic value of these taxa is therefore not sure. They are treated here according to the original diagnosis only.

1a. Annual herbs

   2a. Legumes narrowly linear, curved, terete, unilocular, slightly constricted between the seed; stipules minute, free; racemes sessile to subsessile, few-flowered.         5. Ophiocarpus

   2b. Legumes never linear-curved, never cosntricted; other characters different

      3a. Calyx teeth very unequal in length; keel always longer than wings

         4a. Petals whitish or yellowish; legumes sickle-shaped to screw-like twisted                                 3. Cycloglottis

         4b. Petals violet; legumes curved                                                                                                         4. Heterodontus

      3b. Calyx teeth ± of same length; keel shorter than wings

         5a. Standard in the middle distinctly transversely dilated; legumes with a hooked or bent beak, with an indument of short appressed and longer spreading hairs      1. Ankylotus

         5b. Standard never dilated in the middle; other characters different

             6a. Standard without distinct claw; legumes with sharp edges or wings on the sides                   6. Oxyglottis

             6b. Standard with a distinct claw; legumes without sharp edges or wings

                7a. Racemes elongated                                                                                                                                                   2. Annulares

                7b. Racemes densely capitate                                                                                                                   7. Sesamei

1b. Perennial herbs or shrublets                                            

   8a. Hairs of plants simple, basifixed or plants completely glabrous

      9a. Spiny, shrubby, mostly cushion-forming plants; leaves paripinnate                                           34. Aegacantha

      9b. Plants herbaceous or subshrubby; leaves imparipinnate, rarely becoming spiny with age

         10a.   Style with a distinctly hairy stigma

             11a.  Bracteoles absent; stipules often vaginate-connate, at least the lower ones                     12. Skythropos

             11b.  Bracteoles always present, at least at the beginning of anthesis; stipules always free from each other

                12a.   Bracts caducous and mostly missing at fruiting time; plants often tall with thick stems; legumes
                         inflated                                                                                                                                  10. Coluteocarpus

                12b.  Bracts persistent, always present at fruiting time; plants often smaller with slender stems; legumes
                         distinctly to strongly compressed laterally                                                                 9. Pseudosesbanella

         10b.  Style glabrous at and below the stigma, very rarely stigma very minutely hairy

             13a.  Standard hairy

                14a.   Inflorescens cylindric, 7-9 cm, densely many-flowered                                         30. Alopecuroidei p.p.

                14b.  Inflorescens not as above, mostly loosely few-flowered

                   15a.  Leaflets on upper side with long, flexuous, cotton-like hairs                                             33. Erionotus

                   15b.  Leaflets on upper side glabrous or appressed hairy                                                               31. Caprini

             13b.  All petals glabrous

                16a.   Leaflets verticillate in several mostly remote whorls                                                32. Gontscharoviella

                16b.  Leaflets all opposite or subopposite

                   17a.  Upper edge of keel limbs at the whole length or in upper part furnished with minute teeth
                                                                                                                                        31. Caprini subsect. Purpurascentes

                   17b.  Margins of keel limbs entire, never furnished with minute teeth

                      18a.  Calyx at anthesis tubular to slightly ventricous, soon bladdery-inflated and distinctly net-like nerved; legumes stalked, included in the calyx  35. Eremophysa

                      18b.  Calyx never inflated after anthesis, ruptured by th ripe legume

                         19a.  Inflorescences large, subsessile to shortly pedunculated, ovoid to cylindric, densely many-flowered                                                                       30. Alopecuroidei

                         19b.  Inflorescence not as above

                            20a.  Hairs mostly with a very short, subacute basal appendix and therefore extremely
asymmetrically bifurcate; leaflets 2–4 x 2–3 mm, on both sides rather densely spotted with
minute blackish dots                                                                                                            27. Irineae

                            20b.  Hairs basifixed. Leaflets without blackish dots

                                21a.  Plants acaulescent or subacaulescent, stems, if present, at most up to 4 cm

                                   22a.  Stipules embracing the stem but not connate behind it, highly up connate befor the petiole; legumes 25-50 mm, strongly compressed laterally, glabrous
                                                                                                                                                                15. Hookeriana

                                   22b.  Stipules and legumes of other kind

                                      23a.   Petals pale yellowish; stipules 1-2 mm                                          23. Poliothrix (A. yangii)

23b.  Petals purple to violet. yellow or white; stipules distinctly longer

                                         24a.  Stipules vaginate-connate behind the stem or befor the petiole; petals purple to violet; ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

                                            25a.   Stipules free from the petiole; raceme 1-2-flowered
                                                                                                                                         17. Komaroviella (A. damxungensis)

                                            25b.  Stipules adnate to the petiole; racemes with more flowers

                                               26a.  Plants at most up to 10 cm tall; calyx 3-4 mm                             26. Pseudotapinodes

                                               26b.  Plants more than10 cm tall; calyx 7-9 mm                                        12. Skythropos pp.

                                         24b.  Stipules never vaginate connate; petals yellow or white, if violett, than ovary and legumes long stipitate

                                            27a.   Ovary and legumes with a stipe at least 4 mm

                                               28a.  Stipules distinctly adnate to the petiole                        31. Caprini subsect. Caprini

                                               28b.  Stipules free from the petiole                                                                    12. Skythropos

                                            27b.  Ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

                                               29a.  Plants with spreading hairs; petals white                                              14. Lithophilus

                                               29b.  Plants with appressed hairs; petals bright yellow                                     28. Lotidium

                                21b.  Plants distinctly caulescent

                                   30a.  Stems stout, 3-10 mm or more in diameter, ± erect; plants mostly tall with long erect. stems.

                                      31a.   Stipules vaginate-connate behind the stem

                                         32a.  Standard 34-39 mm; legumes ± globular, 15-22 mm in diameter, with very thick walls and a narrow holow, very densely long hairy  29. Lithoon

                                         32b.  Standard up to 17 mm; legumes different                                                11. Chlorostachys

                                      31b.  Stipules free from each other

                                         33a.  Keel distinctly longer than wings; legumes nut-shaped, 9-14 mm, glabrous
                                                                                                                                                                                13. Nuculiella

                                         33b.  Keel shorter or at most as long as the wings; legumes not nut-shaped

                                            34a.   Racemes subsessile or with a short peduncle; plants densely spreading hairy allover                                                            14. Lithophilus

                                            34b.  Racemes with a distinct, long peduncle; plants in most parts appressed hairs or subglabrous

                                               35a.  Plants completely glabrous; ; stipules distinctly longitudinally nerved; ovary and legumes subsessile                            31. Caprini (A. luculentus)

35b.  Plants in most parts appressed hairs or subglabrous; stipules not distinctly nerved; legumes mostly with a distinct to long stipe

                                                  36a.   Legumes unilocular; bracts persistent; bracteoles always absent    8. Cenantrum

                                                  36b   Legumes incompletely to completela bilocular; bracts persistent or soon falling; bracteoles mostly absent   11. Chlorostachys

                                   30b.  Stems ± slender, at most up to 3 mm in diameter; often prostrate to ascending

                                      37a.   Leaves 6–10 cm, at the end of vegetation period elongating up to 25 cm; petiole 1–3 cm, later on up to 6 cm, like the rachis slender, later on thickened and indurating, persistent, glabrous ot very sparsely subappressed hairy; leaflets in 13–15 pairs, often caducous                                                                                                                        16. Pelta

                                      37b.  Leaves with other characters

                                         38a.  Stipules all or at least of lower leaves distinctly vaginate-connate behind the stem

                                            39a.   Keel longer than wings or rarely as long, limbs always large, wider than those of şwings                                                             17. Komaroviella

                                            39b.  Keel distinctly shorter than or rarely up to as long as wings, with narrower limbs

                                               40a.  Wing limbs distinctly emarginate to deeply bilobed

                                                  41a.   Ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile

                                                      42a.  Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide,
often cross.wrinkled, hairy                                                            21. Brachycarpus

                                                      42b.  Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, never distinctly cross-wrinkled, glabrous or rarely  very sparsely hairy                                                       19. Hemiphaca

                                                  41b.  Ovary and legumes with a long, slender stipe                          22. Hemiphragmium

                                               40b.  Wing limbs round-tipped to rarely slightly emarginate

                                                  43a.   Inflorescence subumbellate, few-flowered or a loose raceme              28. Lotidium

                                                  43b.  Inflorescence at anthesis a dense, many-flowered raceme, often elongating in fruit

                                                      44a.  Standard at least 14 mm, at the base with a sometimes short, but mostly distinct, cuneate claw      

                                                         45a.  Stems, stipules and rachis with ± spreading hairs; ovary with a stipe 3.5–5 mm                                               12. Skythropos

                                                         45b.  Stems, stipules and rachis with appressed to slightly ascending hairs; ovary and legumes sessile or subsessile    18. Hypoglottidei

                                                      44b.  Standard 6-10 mm, rarely up to 12 mm, mostly without distinct claw

                                                         46a.  Inflorescence capitate to shortly ovoid; legumes globular to ovoid, sessile, unilocular or bilocular

                                                            47a.  Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide, often cross.wrinkled   21. Brachycarpus

                                                            47b.  Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, never distinctly cross-wrinkled                                                              19. Hemiphaca

                                               46b.  Inflorescence ovoid to shortly cylindrical; legumes narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly oblong, distinctly, sometimes up to semicircularly curved, sessile to stipitate, unilocular or rarely very incompletely bilocular
                                                                                                            23. Poliothrix

                                         38b.  Stipules free from each other and mostly free from the petiole

                                            48a.   Plants with long, prostrate to creeping stems; racemes subumbellate, few-flowered
                                                                                                                                                                                   28. Lotidium

                                            48b.  Plants with ascending to erect stems; racemes not subumbellate

                                               49a.  Wing limbs with linear-acute auricle 2-4.5 mm, sometimes as long as the claw

                                                  50a.   Plants up to 60 cm tall; stipules mostly 3-5 mm; inflorescences several in one stem; standard ovate or obovate, abruptly contracted at the base into the very short claw; legumes 8-12 mm           24. Chrysopterus

                                                  50b.  Plants 8-18 cm tall; stipules 6-15 mm; inflorescence singular in one stem; standard widely obovate to nearly orbicular, gradually narrowed at the base; legumes at least 15 mm and up to 28 mm                                                                              25. Ebracteolati

                                               49b.  Auricles of wing limbs mostly shorter, never linear.acute

                                                  51a.   Leaves with a distinct petiole 2-4.5 cm                                               12. Skythropos

                                                  51b.  Leaves subsessile, with a petiole up to 1(-2) cm

                                                      52a.  Plants mostly tall, conspicuously leafy; ovary and legumes with a distinct, slender stipe, often distinctly longer than 10 mm

                                                         53a.  Legumes unilocular; bracts persistent; bracteoles always absent                     
                                                                                                                                                        8. Cenantrum

                                                         53b.  Legumes incompletely to completely bilocular; bracts peersistent or soon falling; bracteoles present or absent 11. Chlorostachys

                                                      52b.  Plants often low, not conspicuously leafy; ovary and legumes sessile or very shortly stipitate

                                                         54a.  Racemes long, remotely many-flowered; legumes globular to subglobular
                                                                                                              29. Melilotopsis

                                                         54b.  Racemes at anthesis short, dense, sometimes elongated in fruit; legumes globular to narrowly ovoid

                                                            55a.  Legumes globular to widely ovoid, at most up to 2 times longer than wide, often cross.wrinkled   21. Brachycarpus

                                                            55b.  Legumes ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, very rarely cross-wrinkled  19. Hemiphaca

   8b. Plants with medifixed or asymmetrically bifurcate hairs

      56a.  Strongly branched, subspherical spiny shrublets                                                                                                      55. Bulimioides

      56b.  Plants never spiny

         57a.   All stipules or rarely only those of the lower leaves distinctly vaginate-connate behind the stem

             58a.  Plants acaulescent or nearly so

                59a.   Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes included in the persistent calyx                   59. Laguropsis

                59b   Calyx tubular up to fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

                   60a.  Legumes bladdery inflated, membranous                                                                                 48. Cystium

                   60b.  Legumes not bladdery-inflated, coriaceous                                                                               45. Helmia

             58b.  Plants with a well developped stem

                61a.   Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes included in the persistent calyx

                   62a.  Plants shrubby to subshrubby                                                                                                                         57. Cysticalyx

                   62b.  Plants herbaceous                                                                                                                58. Hypsophilus

                61b.  Calyx tubular up to fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

                   63a.  Flowers in loose, rather elongated racemes

                      64a.   Petals yellowish green                                                                                                           36. Uliginosi

                      64b.  Petals lilac or violet

                         65a.  Calyx mostly long tubular; legumes linear                                                            40. Ornithopodium

65b.  Calyx campanulate or shortly campanulate-tubular, legumes ovoid to oblong

                            66a.  Shrubby or subshrubby psammophytes; leaflets in 1–3 pairs or singular; legumes up to 8 mm, with ± long, spreading hairs, if legumes longer and appressed hairy, than leaflets in only 1 pair or singular                                                          54. Ammodendron

                            66b.  Plants herbaceous; leaflets in at least 5 pairs, if in only 3 pairs, than legumes 11–15 mm and covered with appressed hairs    38. Craccina

                   63b.  Flowers in capitate or subumbelliform racemes

                      67a.  Dwarf pulvinate plants with short, procumbent stems; flowers 1–2 in the leaf axils, subsessile; stipules completely connate into a tubular sheeth surrounding the stem and the base of petiole
                                                                                                                                                43. Ammodytes

                      67b.  Plants with erect stems

                         68a.  Calyx tubular, at least 9–10 mm                                                                                  46. Ammotrophus

                         68b.  Calyx campanulate, 5–8 mm

                            69a.  Bracteoles present                                                                                               37. Brachycephalae

69b.  Bracteoles absent                                                                                                                                      39. Onobrychoidei

         57b.  All stipules free from each other

             70a.  Plants acaulescent or nearly so, rarely with a short stem

                71a.   Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated; legumes
                         included in the persistent calyx                   

                   72a.  Leaves with ascending to spreading hairs                                                                         56. Chaetodon

                   72b.  Leaves with appressed hairs                                                                                                                             59. Laguropsis

                71b.  Calyx tubular, unchanged until fruiting time, ruptured by the legume

                   73a.  Raceme ovoid to cylindric, with a long peduncle

                      74a.   Leaflets linear to very narrowly elliptic, up to 3(–4) mm wide; peduncle 5–14 cm
                                                                                                                                                                                42. Corethrum

                      74b.  Leaflets elliptic, 4–15 mm wide; peduncle up to 30 cm                                                           52. Incani

                   73b.  Raceme loosely subumbelliform or flowers subradical

                      75a.   Legumes ovoid-inflated, bladdery                                                                                  49. Paracystium

                      75b.  Legumes not bladdery-inflated

                         76a.  Legumes with a prominent, long, rigid beak 5–8 mm                                                     53. Cytisodes

                         76b.  Legumes shortly acuminate or with a very short beak

                             77a.  Raceme with a peduncles 4–8 cm; legumes linear, 3–5 cm                                                               
                                                                                                                                                 44. Erioceras (A. yang-changii)

                         77b   Racemes subsessile or more rarely with a peduncle up to 2 cm; legumes shorter
                                                                                                                             51. Trachycercis

             70b.  Plants always with a well developped stem (sometimes some stems of a plant short)

                78a.   All petals appressed hairy                                                                                                          50. Tanythrix

                78b.  All petals glabrous

                   79a.  Legumes bladdery inflated, valves membranous                                                             47. Leucophysa

                   79b   Legumes not bladdery inflated, valves coriaceous

                80a.  Calyx soon after beginning of anthesis enlarging and becoming bladdery-inflated                       
                                                                                                                                                      56. Chaetodon

                      80b.  Calyx tubular, unchanged until fruiting time, ruptured by the peduncle

                         81a.  Ovary and legumes covered with appressed to subappressed, rarely also with some   ascending  hairs                                        41. Dissitiflori

                         81b.  Ovary and legumes villous with ascending to spreading hairs

                            82b.  Racemes subsessile                                                                                                         50. Tanythrix

                            82a.  Peduncles slightly shorter to longer than leaves

                                83a.  Legumes shortly acuminate or with a beak up to 2 mm                                         44. Erioceras

                                83b.  Legumes with a beak ca. 10 mm                                                                                53. Cytisodes

1. Sect. Ankylotus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 15. 1868.

钩荚组  gou jia zu

¹³¼Ô×é

      Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, shortly adnate to the petiole, free from each other. Racemes mostly with a distinct peduncle, loose to rather dense. Calyx tubular. Petals unequal in length. Standard in the middle strongly transvers-elliptically dilated, toward the apex abruptly tongue-like narrowed, at the base with a distinct claw. Limbs of wings incised at the tip. Legumes sessile, curved, with a bent to hooked beak, obtusely keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, at least in the middle part completely bilocular; valves with a double indumentum consisting of short appressed and long spreading hairs.

1a.    Stems densely obliquely spreading villous; racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 3 cm; legumes with longer hairs up to 2 mm   3. A. stalinskyi

1b.    Stems with appressed or more rarely ascending hairs; racemes with a peduncle 0.5-12 cm; Legumes with longer hairs up to 1 mm

      2a.    Stipules 1.5-2 mm; calyx 4-5 mm; legumes 7-15(-20) mm, with a bent beak                         2. A. gracilipes

2b.    Stipules 3-5 mm; calyx 5-8 mm; Legumes 20-40 mm, with a hooked beak                            1. A. commixtus

1. Astragalus commixtus Bunge, Arbeiten Naturf. Vereins Riga 1: 246. 1847.

混合黄耆 hun he huang qi

»ìºÏ»ÆêÈ

Stems 0.5–10 cm, with appressed hairs up to 1 mm. Stipules 3–5 mm, white and black ciliate. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 1–2.5 cm long, with the rachis loosely to rather densely appressed to spreading hairy. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3–14 X 0.5–4 mm, rounded to slightly retuse, loosely hairy. Peduncles 1–12 cm, appressed hairy. Racemes 1–5-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 6–8 mm, tubular, with subappressed to ascending white, toward the teeth with black hairs; teeth subulate, 2–3.5 mm. Petals violet or whitish. Standard 9–10 mm; limb in the middle strongly dilated, 3.5–4 mm wide. Wings 7–8 mm. Keel 6–6.5 mm. Legumes sesssile, linear, distinctly to semicircularly curved, (1–)2–4 cm long, 2.5–3 mm high and ca. 3 mm wide, with a hooked beak; valves thin, pale brownish, rather densely covered with appressed hairs 0.05–0.3 mm and sparsely to loosely with ascending to spreading hairs 0.4–1 mm.

      Steppes, semideserts, salty soils. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Caucasus].

2. Astragalus gracilipes Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 15. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 17. 1869].

细柄黄耆 xi bing huang qi

ϸ±ú»ÆêÈ

A. schurae Pavlov; A. ninae Gontscharov [non Pavlov].

      Stems 0.5–6(–12) cm, with appressed to ascending hairs 0.2–1.2 mm. Stipules 1.5–2 mm, ciliate. Leaves (1.5–)3–8 cm, petiole (0.5–)1–3.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 4–5 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3–8 X 1–4 mm, rounded to retuse, on upper side sparsely to loosely on underside more densely covered with subappressed to ascending hairs. Peduncle 0.5–6 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely to rather densely 1–3(–4)-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, triangular, 0.6–1.2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 4–5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to ascending white, toward the teeth also with black hairs; teeth subulate, 1–2 mm. Petals violet or whitish. Standard 7–9 mm; blade in the middle strongly dilated, 3–4 mm wide. Wings 6–7.5 mm. Keel 5–7 mm. Legumes linear, erect. slightly curved, 0.7–1.5(–2) cm long, 2.4–4 mm high and 2.5–3 mm wide, with a short, bent, straight beak; valves thin, straw-colored, rather densely covered with ascending hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and loosely with hairs 0.5–0.8(–1.2) mm and often inserted in little tubercles.

      Subalpine and alpine steppes, 2900-4500 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan].

3. Astragalus stalinskyi Širjaev., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 75. 1944.

矮型黄耆ai xing huang qi

°«ÐÍ»ÆêÈ

A. commixtus Bunge var. abbreviatus Popov; A. brachymorphus Nikiforova.

Stems 0.5–3 cm densely villous with ascending to spreading hairs 0.4-1 mm. Stipules 4-7 mm, ciliate. Leaves 4–10 cm, petiole 1–5 cm, with the rachis loosely hairy. Leaflets in 4–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3.5–18 x 1–4 mm, narrowly rounded to emarginate, on upper side sparsely to looseley, on underside loosely to rather densely covered with ascending hairs. Peduncles nearly absent or up to 3(–4) cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes densely 1–3(–5)-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5–7 mm, tubular, rather densely covered with ascending white, toward the teeth also black hairs; teeth subulate, 2–3.5 mm. Petals whitish or at least the standard often violet. Standard 8–10 mm; blade in the middle transverse-elliptically dilated, 4–5 mm wide. Wings 6.5–8 mm. Keel 6–7 mm. Legumes linear, slightly curved, 1–2.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm high and 3.5–4.5 mm wide, with hooked beak, incompletely bilocular; valves subcoriaceous, straw-colored, densely covered with appressed to ascending hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and loosely with nearly spreading hairs 1–2 mm long.

      Steppes, semideserts, 1000-2400 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].

2. Sect. Annulares A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 289. 1825.

廉荚组 lian jia zu

Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Inflorescence a loose raceme. Calyx campanulate or shortly tubular. Petals unequal. Limbs of wings rounded to emarginate at the apex. Stigma glabrous or hairy. Legumes sessile, mostly linear and curved, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, incompletely to completely bilocular; valves with a simple or double indumentum, in the latter case the longer hairs often inserted in little tubercles.

1a.    Leaflets in 4-6 pairs, linear to very narrowly elliptic, 8-10 times longer than wide, glabrous on upper side; legumes linear, 3-5 cm                                                                                                                                                        5. A. campylorhynchus

1b.   Leaflets 1-3 pairs, ovate to obovate, 2 times longer than wide, hairy on upper side; legumes 1-3 cm
                                                                                                                                                                               4. A. arpilobus

4. Astragalus arpilobus Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 336. 1842.

廉荚黄耆 lian jia huang qi

Á¼Ô»ÆêÈ

A. gyzensis Bunge var. arpilobus (Karelin & Kirilov) Boissier.

In China only subsp. arpilobus

      Plants with white hairs 0.2–1 mm. Stems 1–30 cm, loosely to rather densely spreading hairy. Stipules whitish to greenish, 1–3.5 mm, hairy. Leaves 1.5–10 cm, petiole 1–3.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 1–3(-5) pairs, ovate to obovate, 4–20 x 2–10 mm, rounded, truncate or retuse, on upper side loosely covered with appressed, on underside more densely with ascending hairs. Peduncles 0.3–3.5 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely 2–7-flowered. Bracts 1–1.5 mm, hairy. Calyx 3–4(–6) mm, shortly tubular, rather densely appressed hairy; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals whitish-pink or more rarely violet. Standard 6–8(–10) mm; limb elliptic, 2–5 mm wide, emarginate, cuneatly narrowed at the base. Wings 5–7 mm. Keel 5–6 mm. Legumes linear, distinctly and up to semicircularly curved, 1–3 cm long, 2.5–3.5 mm high and wide, with a curved, short beak, nearly completely bilocular; valves thin, straw-colored to pale brownish, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs 0.2–0.3 mm and with ascending hairs 0.7–1.2 mm, often inserted in little tubercles.

      Sandy soils, semideserts, pepples, gypsum. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

F5. Astragalus campylorhynchus F.E.L.Fischer & C.A.Meyer, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1: 23. 1835 [et reimpr. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 2. sér. 4: 340. 1835].

弯喙黄耆 wan hui huang qi

Íä๻ÆêÈ

      Plants with hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems 7–30 cm, in lower part covered with nearly spreading, in upper part with ± appressed hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, 3–6 mm, ciliate. Leaves 3–10 cm, petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, like the rachis with appressed or more rarely ascending hairs. Leaflets glaucous, in 3–6 pairs, remote, linear, 5–25 x 0.5–2.5 mm, bilobed, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely appressed hairy. Peduncles 1.5–7 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes remotely 1–4-flowered. Bracts 1–3 mm. Calyx 3–5 mm, campanulate, loosely covered with appressed white and black hairs; teeth 0.8–2 mm. Petals pale violet. Standard 6.5–9 mm. narrowly rhombic, 3–3.5 mm wide, emarginate to nearly bilobed. Wings 6–7.5 mm. Keel 5–6 mm. Legumes linear, straight or slightly curved, 3–5(–6) cm long, 2.5–4 mm high and wide, with a short, uncinate beak, incompletely to nearly completely bilocular; valves thin but tough, glabrous or loosely covered with appressed white hairs 0.1–0.3 mm.

      Steppes, cultivated land, up to 2700 m. Xinjang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Caucasus].

3. Sect. Cycloglottis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 3. 1868.

环荚组 huan jia zu

Plants annual, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Raceme densely capitate, borne on a short peduncle. Calyx campanulate, with distinctly unequal teeth, the three abaxial twice the length of the two adaxial. Keel longer than the wings. Legumes sessile, linear, falcate to spirally twisted, bilocular.

6. Astragalus contortuplicatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.: 758. 1853.

环荚黄耆 huan jia huang qi

»·¼Ô»ÆêÈ

      Plants with thin, often bent white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 1–2 mm. Stems mostly several, prostrate to ascending, 2–50 cm, spreading hairy. Stipules greenish, 5–10 mm, hairy. Leaves 5–15 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, with rachis slender, often flexuous, hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–11 pairs, elliptic to obovate, 4–15 X 2–8 mm, deeply incised, on upper side sparsely to loosely, on underside up to densely covered with appressed to spreading hairs. Peduncles 1–4 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes 5–15(–20)-flowered. Bracts green, linear-acute, 2–3 mm, hairy. Flowers subsessile. Calyx 5–6.5 mm, shortly campanulate, densely covered with white or white and black hairs; teeth very unequal, the three lower ones filiform, 3–5 mm, the two upper only 2–2.5 mm. Petals whitish or yellowish. Standard 5–7.5 X 2.5–3.5 mm, elliptic, deeply incised. Wings 4–5.5 mm. Keel 5–6.5 mm. Legumes linear, strongly falcate to screw-like twisted and often forming a complete circle of less than 1 cm in diameter, 1–2 cm long, 3–3.5 mm high and 2.5–3 mm wide, with a minute beak, completely bilocular; valves thinly membranous, nearly blakish brown when ripe, rugulose to pitted or warty, loosely to rather densely covered with spreading hairs.

      River sides, salty meadows. Xinjiang [Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe].

4. Sect. Heterodontus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 5. 1868.

异齿组 yi chi zu

Òì³Ý×é

Plants annuell or bisannuell, with basifixed or subbasifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole, otherwise free. Racemes with a distinct peduncle, at anthesis densely, later on loosely flowered and strongly elongating. Calyx campanulate, the teeth distinctly unequal, the three abaxial often more then twice the length of the two adaxial. Standard at the apex widely emarginate. Keel as long or mostly distinctly longer than the wings. Legumes stipitate, linear, curved, bilocular.

7. Astragalus dahuricus (Pallas) A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 285. 1825.

达乌里黄耆 da wu li huang qi

´ïÎÚÀï»ÆêÈ

      Galega dahurica Pallas.

Plants 15-65 cm tall, with thin white, in the inflorescence also black hairs. Stems simple or branched, erect, with ± appressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stipules greenish, 4–8 mm. Leaves 3–8 cm, petiole 0.3–1.5 cm, ± appressed hairy. Leaflets in 4–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 7–20 X 2–6 mm, on upper side glabrous or sparsely, on underside sparsely to loosely covered with ± appressed hairs up to 2 mm. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes rather densely up to 25-flowered, elongating in fruit to 15 cm. Bracts whitish, linear, 3–4 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5–7 mm, campanulate, loosely covered with appressed to spreading long hairs; teeth subulate, unequal, th lower three 3.5–5 mm, the upper two only 1.5–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 10–15 X 6,5–9 mm, elliptic, deeply V-like incised, abruptly contracted into the short claw. Wings 8–9 mm. Keel 10–13 mm. Legumes with a stipe 1.5–2 mm, linear, distinctly to nearly semicircularly curved, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 2–2.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply V-like grooved dorsally, with a beak 1.5–2 mm, completely bilocular; valves grey-brown, loosely covered with nearly spreading hairs 0.3–1 mm.

      River sides, dampy meadows, fields. Beijing, Hebei, Gansu, Heilonjiang, Hunan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].

5. Sect. Ophiocarpus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 9. 1868.

蛇荚组  she jia zu

Éß¼ÔÊô

Ophiocarpus (Bunge) Ikonnikov

      Plants annuell, branched at the base, glabrous or with basifixed hairs. Stipules minute, free. Inflorescences sessile or very shortly pedunculated, a loose 1–5-flowered raceme. Floweres pendulous. Calyx campanulate. Petals glabrous, deciduous. Standard slightly longer than wings and keel, without distinct claw. Legumes sessile, very narrowly linear, terete, curved or flexuous, somewhat constricted between the seeds, unilocular. A monotypic genus.

8. Astragalus ophiocarpus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 10. 1868 [et l.c. 15(1): 6. 1869]

蛇荚黄耆she jia huang qi

²ØÎ÷Éß¼Ô»ÆêÈ

Astragalus aitchisonii J.G.Baker; A. paulsenii Freyn; Ophiocarpus aitchisonii (J.G.Baker) Podlech.

      Plants branched at the base, with white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.2–0.5 mm, rarely glabrous. Stems 3–25 cm, prostrate to ascending, rather densely appressed to spreading hairy. Stipules 0.75–2 mm, ciliate. Leaves 1.5–4.5 cm, petiole 0.4–1.5 cm, like the rachis hairy. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, narrowly obovate to obovate, 3–7 X 1.5–3 mm, rounded to retuse, on both sides rather densely covered with subappressed hairs, sometimes folded. Racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 0.5 cm, loosely 1–5-flowered. Bracts membranous, 0.5 mm. Pedicels absent or up to 0.3 mm. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm, rather densely subappressed white, more rarely also black hairy; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals creamy or pink to bluish-suffused, the keel with violet tip. Standard 6–7 X 2.5–3 mm, ovate to rhombic-ovate, incised. Wings 5 mm. Keel 5 mm. Legumes sessile, narrowly linear, flexuous or strongly, up to circularly curved, terete, 3–5 cm long and 1.5–2 mm thick, slightly constricted between the seeds, with a hooked beak up to 3 mm, unilocular; valves densely covered with very short, appressed hairs or rarely glabrous. Seeds oblong.

      On dry sandy to loamy soil, 50-3600 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan].

6. Sect. Oxyglottis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 10. 1868.

尖舌组 jian she zu

¼âÉà×é

Plants annuell, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Inflorescences capitate, sometimes with additional whorls, or loose racemes. Flowers subsessile. Calyx shortly tubular to campanulate. Standard without distinct claw. Wing limbs slightly emarginate at the tip. Legumes sessile, often distinctly wider than high, keeled ventrally, widely flattended to deeply V-like grooved dorsally, with sharp edges or wings on the back of valves. completely bilocular.

1a.    Inflorescences capitate, sometimes with additional, remote whorls; standard 5-6 mm; legumes as wide as high, with crenulate lateral edges                                                                    9. A. oxyglottis

1b.    Inflorescence loosely racemose; standard 6-10 mm long; legumes dorsiventrally flattened, 2 times wider than high, with shortly dentate lateral wings                                                                                                                                                 10. A. vicarius

9. Astragalus oxyglottis Marschall Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2: 192. 1808.

尖舌黄耆Jian she huang qi

¼âÉà»ÆêÈ

A. psiloglottis A.P. DeCandolle; A. oxyglottus var. psiloglottis (A.P. DeCandolle) Bunge.

      Plants with appressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems 2–25 cm, often glabrescent with age. Stipules greenish-membranous, 2–4 mm, hairy. Leaves 2–9 cm, petiole 1–2.5 cm, like the rachis loosely hairy. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, cuneate-oblong to elliptic, 3–10 X 1.5–5 mm, distinctly and mostly widely emarginate, on upper side glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy, on underside loosely to rather densely hairy. Racemes sessile or with a peduncle up to 4 cm, head-like, densely 4–8-flowered, in well developed plants often with 1–2 additional, remote whorls of 2–4 flowers. Bracts membranous, less than 0.5 mm. Calyx 2–2.5 mm, campanulate, white and black hairy; teeth 0.4–0.5 mm. Petals whitish or bluish to violet. Standard 5–6 X 2.5–3 mm, elliptic, incised. Wings 4–5 mm. Keel 3–4 mm. Legumes starlike spreading or ascending, narrowly ovoid, 7–15 mm long, 2.5–3.5 mm high and wide, sharply keeled ventrally and on the sides of the valves, beside the keels of the valves grooved, slightly voulted and with two shallow grooves dorsally, in cross dissection quadrangular, shortly acuminate; valves thin, blackish-brown when ripe, at the keels of the valves distinctly transversely rugulose, glabrous or hairy.

      Sandy, stony, salty soils, gypsum, steppes, semideserts, fields, 50-2550 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe (Spain, Ukraine), Caucasus, W Asia].

10. Astragalus vicarius Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 25. 1900.

替代黄耆 ti dai huang qi

Ìæ´ú»ÆêÈ

      Plants with white, at the nodes and in the inflorescence also with black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems 2–40 cm, simple or branched at the base, rather densely appressed to partly spreading hairy, often glabrescent with age. Stipules greenish-membranous, 3–6 mm. Leaves 3–10 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis with appressed to ascending hairs. Leafletsin 6–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 4–18 X 1–5 mm, mostly distinctly and widely emarginate, on upper side glabrous, on underside mostly loosely subappressed hairy. Peduncles 3–9 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes at anthesis  rather densely 3–9-flowered, later on strongly elongating and up to 7 cm. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–2 mm, hairy. Calyx campanulate, 3–4 mm, black or black and white hairy; teeth subulate, 1–1.5 mm. Petals bluish to pale violet. Standard 6–10 X 2.5–3 mm, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, distinctly incised. Wings 5–7 mm. Keel 4.5–6 mm. Legumes seen from upper side narrowly ovate-acuminate, 1.5–2 cm long, 3–3.5 mm high and 6–7 mm wide, keeled ventrally, widely flattened to slightly voulted dorsally, in the middle of valves (= margins of the fruit) with a winglike, densely and shortly dentate crest 1–2 mm wide, fruit in cross-section widely triangular, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      Stony and loessic soil, ephemeral steppes. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

7. Sect. Sesamei A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 287. 1825.

胡麻组 hu ma zu

ºúÂé×é

A. sect. Oxyglottis Bunge p.p., excl. type.

      Plants annual, mostly branched at the base, with basifixed hairs. Stipules shortly adnate to the petiole. Racemes sessile or pedunculated, ± densely capitate. Petals of unequal length. Legumes sessile, at the base mostly distinctly widened to bigibbous, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, the groove often widened toward the base, mostly fully bilocular.

1a.    Stems, petiole and rachis closely appressed hairy

      2a.    Calyx 3-4 mm; bracts 1-1.5 mm; legumes 6-7 mm, with rugose-wrinkled walls, covered with very short appressed hairs and spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm                                                                                                             11. A. filicaulis

      2b.    Calyx 5.5-7 mm; bracts 2-3 mm; legumes 1-1.5 cm, covered with subappressed to ascending hairs up to 1.3 mm        13. A. sesamoides

1b.    Stems, petiole and rachis at least in part with ascending to spreading hairs

      3a.    Calyx 2.5-3 mm; leaflets on upper side glabrous; legumes widest at the base but not bigibbous
                                                                                                                                                           12. A. persepolitanus

      3b. Calyx 3-5 mm; leaflets on both sides densely appressed hairy; legumes at the base distinctly bigibbous
                                                                                                                                                              14. A. tribuloides

11. Astragalus filicaulis Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 336. 1842.

丝茎黄耆si jing huang qi

Èõ¾¥ºúÂé

A. rytilobus Bunge; A. filicaulis subsp. rytilobus (Bunge) Popov; A. leptodermus Bunge.

Plants with white, at the stipules and in the inflorescence also with black hairs 0.3–1.6 mm. Stems 8–27 cm, prostrate to erect, sparsely appressed hairy. Stipules greenish, 2.5–4 mm, ciliate. Leaves 5–8 cm, petiole 0.5–1.2 cm, like the rachis sparsely subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2–13 X 1–2.8 mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, subappressed hairy. Peduncles 1.5–6 cm, appressed hairy. Racemes 3–9-flowered. Bracts hyaline, 1–1.5 mm, ciliate. Calyx 3–4 mm, campanulate, covered at the base mainly with appressed white hairs, toward the teeth with more spreading and more black hairs; teeth subulate, 1.8–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 6–8 X 2–2.5 mm, narrowly elliptic, widely retuse. Wings 4.5–5 mm. Keel 3.5–4 mm. Legumes stellately arranged or more deflexed, oblong to narrowly ovoid, 6–10 mm long, 3–4 mm high and wide, somewhat widened near the base, with a short beak, incompletely bilocular; valves thin, wrinkled, loosely covered with two kind of hairs: short, subappressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm and long, spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm.

      Steppes, semidesert on all kind of soils, up to 3150 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

12. Astragalus persepolitanus Boissier, Diagn. pl. orient., ser. 1, 9: 60. 1849.

沙生黄耆 sha sheng huang qi

ɳÉú»ÆêÈ

A. ammophilus Karelin & Kirilov.

Plants with mostly white hairs 0.05–0.6 mm. Stems 4–27 cm, prostrate to ascending, appressed to spreading hairy. Stipules whitish or greenish, 1–2.5 mm, appressed hairy or ciliate. Leaves 2–7 cm, petiole 1–2.3 cm, sparsely spreading hairy. Leaflets in 3–7 pairs, narrowly obovate to obovate, 2–8.5 X 0.8–4.5 mm, retuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside appressed hairy. Peduncles 0.5–7 cm or sometimes absent, appressed or rarely spreading hairy. Racemes 3–10-flowered, sometimes with two superposed and remote whorls of flowers. Bracts hyaline, 0.8–1.2 mm, ciliate. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, campanulate, loosely to densely spreading hairy; teeth subulate, 0.8–1 mm. Petals whitish to pale violet. Standard 4.5–6 X  2 mm, narrowly elliptic, round-tipped. Wings 4–4.5 mm. Keel 3–3.8 mm. Legumes ovoid-triangular, widest at the base, 6–9 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and wide, straight or slightly curved at the ventral side, strongly curved at the dorsal side, with a beak 0.7–1 mm long; valves thin, glabrous or subappressed hairy.

      From the plains up to 2950 m. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Caucasus].

13. Astragalus sesamoides Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., 9: 59. 1849.

胡麻黄耆 hu ma huang qi

ºúÂé»ÆêÈ

Plants with white, near the stipules and in the inflorescence also with black hairs. Stems 7–35 cm, ascending, sparsely covered with appressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stipules whitish to greenish, 3–4 mm, ciliate or sparsely hairy. Leaves 2.5–5.5 cm, petiole 0.3–1 cm, like the rachis slender, subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, 4–15 X 2–5.5 mm, obtuse, on upper side glabrous or sparsely, on underside more densely appressed hairy. Peduncles 2–6 cm, with subappressed to ascending. Racemes 2–9-flowered. Bracts membranous, 2–3 mm, ciliate. Calyx 5.5–7 mm, campanulate, covered at the base with white and black hairs up to 1 mm, toward the teeth with more black and somewhat longer and more spreading hairs; teeth subulate, 3–4 mm. Petals violet. Standard 5.5–7 X 2–2.5 mm, slightly retuse. Wings 4.5–5.5 mm. Keel 4–4.5 mm. Legumes erect, straight, narrowly oblong with rounded base, 1.2–1.5 cm long, 3–4 mm high and wide, with a reflexed beak 1–1.5 mm; valves covered with subappressed to ascending white hairs up to 1.3 mm.

      Loessic and sandy soils, in steppes and semideserts, fields. Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

14. Astragalus tribuloides Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 70. 1813.

蒺藜黄耆 ji li huang qi

ÝðÞ¼»ÆêÈ

A. kirghisicus Schtschegleev; A. cruciatus auct. sinens. non Link.

Plants with appressed to ascending, white hairs 0.2–1.5 mm. Stems from nearly absent to 40 cm, prostrate to ascending, hairy. Stipules membranous, 2–3 mm, hairy. Leaves 1.5–7 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, like the rachis hairy. Leaflets in 4–10 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 2.5–15 X 0.8–4 mm, acute, on both sides sericeous with appressed hairs. Racemes sessile, rarely with a peduncle up to 2.5 cm, (1–)2–8-flowered. Bracts membranous, 1–3 mm. Calyx 3–5 mm, tubular, densely hairy; teeth 1–2 mm. Petals whitish or white suffused with mauve or pink. Standard 4–10 X 1.2–2.5 mm, narrowly oblong, retuse. Wings 4–6 mm. Keel 3–5 mm. Legumes mostly star-like spreading, straight or slightly curved, oblong-triangular, distinctly bigibbous at the base, acute at the tip, 4–12 mm long, 2.5–4 mm high and wide, with a deep dorsal groove, widened at the base; valves with short appressed hairs 0.05–0.15 mm and with much longer appressed to subappressed hairs up to 1.5 mm.

      Steppes, semideserts, from the plains up to 3000 m. Xinjang, Xizang? [Afghanistan, India, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, Caucasus, SW Asia].

8. Sect. Cenantrum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersburg 11(16): 23. 1868.

膜荚组 mo jia zu

Ĥ¼Ô×é

Neodielsia Harms; A. sect. Cenantroides N.D.Simpson; A. sect. Polyphyllae N.D.Simpson; A. sect. Monadelphia K.T.Fu; A. sect. Albiflori Y.C.Ho.

Plants caulescent, erect. Hairs basifixed, white or black. Stipules green or greenish, rarely membranous, free from petiole and from each other, rarely the lower ones connate behind the stem. Leaves mostly nearly sessile or with a short petiole. Racemes with a long peduncle, many-flowered. Bracts persistent. Bracteoles absent. Flowers with a distinct pedicel. Calyx campanulate to shortly tubular, mostly laterally gibbous at the base, obliquely cut at the mouth. Petals mostly yellow or pale greenish-yellow, often drying purple, rarely purplish from the beginning; standard slightly to distinctly emarginate, rarely rounded. Stamina diadelphous or more rarely monadelphous. Style and stigma glabrous. Legumes ± long stipitate, unilocular; valves papery, glabrous or hairy.

1a.    Innerside of calyx tube hairy in upper half                                                                                                                      

   2a.     Petals yellow; leaflets in 3-7 pairs, narrowly to widely elliptic; standard 18-24 mm; keel as long as the
standard                                                                                                                                                                               40. A. tongolensis

   2b.    Petals purplish; leaflets in 2-4 pairs, narrowly elliptic; standard 1.8-1.9 cm; keel distinctly shorter than standard, (1.2-) 1.5-1.6 cm   30. A. moellendorfii

1b.    Innerside of calyx tube glabrous                                                                                                                                      

   3a.     Ovary and legumes glabrous                                                                                                                                         

      4a.    Leaflets in (1-)2 pairs; calyx 4-5 mm, ist teeth indistinct or up to 0.3 mm; standard 8-10 mm; keel longer than wings 24. A. henryi Oliv.

      4b.    Leaflets in at least 3, but mostly more pairs; calyx at least 5 mm but mostly distinctly longer; standard at least 13 mm but mostly longer; keel shorter or as long as the wings

         5a.     Leave rachis sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to spreading hairs; leaflets in 8-12 pairs
                                                                                                                                                           32. A. mongholicus Bunge

         5b.    Leave rachis glabrous; leaflets in 3-5 pairs

             6a.    Calyx 11-12 mm, sparsely to loosely covered with ± spreading brown or blackish hairs; bracts sparsely to loosely white and black hairy; standard limb 13–16 mm wide, widely ovate to orbicular; legumes 30-40(-50) mm long, ellipsoid-inflated, 15–30 mm high and 12-16 mm wide
                                                                                                                                                  17. A. bahrakianus

             6b.    Calyx at most up to 11 mm but mostly shorter, glabrous or appressed white hairy; bracts glabrous or only white hairy; standard limb rhombic to elliptic, up to 12 mm wide; legumes 20–30 mm long, strongly compressed laterally (unknown in A. sichuanensis)

                7a.     Racemes 6–16 cm, many-flowered; bracts glabrous or sparsely ciliate; calyx 6–8 mm, often glabrous; ovary with a stipe 6–8 mm   15. A. aksuensis

                7b.    Racemes short, 5–10-flowered; bracts densely appressed hairy; calyx 9–11 mm, its teeth very short to mostly inconspicuous; ovary with a stipe 12–14 mm                                                                                            38. A, sichuanensis

   3b.    Ovary and legumes hairy

   3b.    Ovary and legumes hairy                                                                                                                                                

      8a.    Stems in lower third to half without developped leaves                                                          36. A. przewalskii

      8b.    Steams leafy throughout

         9a.     Leaflets in 8-15 pairs

             10a.         Leaflets very narrowly elliptic narrowly elliptic, 10–17(–20) x 2–6 mm; calyx in the youth with long white or black hairs, therefore racemes sericeous, with age loosely to rather densely and mostly black hairy; standard 12-13 x 4-4.5 mm, narrowly oblong-elliptic, deeply incised
                                                                                                                                                    22. A. floridulus

             10b.     Leaflets relatively wider; calyx without long white or black hairs and not sericeus in the youth; standard elliptic to obovate, if narrowly oblong-elliptic, than rounded (in A. degensis)

                11a.      Leaflets on upper side sparsely, on underside loosely hairy; petals dark purple to blackish violet;
stem up to 7 mm thick                                                                                                              35. A. petrovii

                11b.     Leaflets on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely hairy; petals yellow or rarely pale lilac or purple; stem up to 3 mm thick

                   12a.     Calyx ca. 5 mm, white hairy; standard ca. 8 mm; legumes shortly stipitate, densely densely hairy    18. A. changduensis

                   12b.     Calyx mostly distinctly longer; standard distinctly longer, at least 1.1 cm; legumes with a stipe at least 4 mm but mostly longer, ± black hairy

                      13a.      Plants in vegetative parts furnished with appressed to spreading hairs 1-1.5(-2) mm; leaflets rounded to emarginate; calyx teeth 0.5-1.5 mm; standard 13-20 x 7–9 mm, widely elliptic, emarginate, at the base with a long claw; legumes obliquely ellipsoid, 2-3 cm
                                                                                                                                     32. A. mongholicus

                      13b.     Plants in vegetative parts furnished with appressed hairs 0.3-0.6 mm; leaflets acute to emarginate but with a distinct cusp ca. 0.5 mm; calyx teeth ca. 3 mm; standard 11–13 x 5 mm, narrowly oblong-elliptic, rounded, abruptly contracted into a very short claw; legumes ellipsoid, 1.3-1.7 mm                                                           20. A. degensis

         9b.    Leaflets in up to 9, but at least in part in fewer pairs                                                                                           

             14a.  Plants totally glabrous with exception of innerside of calyx teeth; rachis at the insertion of leaflets often with simple or divided emergences and or with stalked glands; stamentube monadelphius
                                                                                                                                                     41. A. xitaibaicus

             14b.  Plants at least in some parts hairy; rachis at the insertion without emergences and glands; stamen tube diadelphous or monadelphous

                15a.   Lower stipules distinctly vaginate-connate; calyx 1–1.4 cm, its teeth 4–7(–8) mm; petals yellow, sometimes violet-suffused when dry                                                                                                                                 27. A. longilobus

                15b.  All stipules free; calyx and calyx teeth distinctly shorter                                                                             

                   16a.  Standard 1-1.2 cm                                                                                                                                            

                      17a.   Leaflets glabrous or ciliate at the margins; calyx glabrous; petals yellow                                           
                                                                                                                                      19. A. chilienshanensis Y.C.Ho

–          17b.  Leaflets and calyx glabrous; petals at least partly purple or bluish

                18a.  Stem ca. 2 mm thick; leaflets on upper side glabrous; bracts sparsely black hairy; calyx 4.5–5 mm; petals blue to blue-violet with yellowish base                                                                      33. A. muliensis Hand.-Mazz.

18b.  Stem ca. 6 mm thick; leaflets on upper side sparsely hairy; bracts glabrous or sparsely white ciliate at the margins; calyx ca. 6 mm; petals yellow with purple tipped standard or keel or all purplish 29. A. minhensis X.Y.Zhu & C.J.Chen

16b.  Standard distinctly longer, if only 1–1.2 cm, than stamina monadelphous

                         19a.  Leaflets 10-17 x 3-7 mm; bracteoles 0.5-1 mm, at the pedicel; calyx 4(-5) mm; petals lilac to dark purple    37. A. purpurinus

                         19b.  Leaflets at least in part distinctly longer; bracteoles absent (only in A. arnoldianus sometimes present); calyx at least 5 mm but mostly distinctly longer; petals yellow in life, but sometimes purple when dry

                            20a.  Bracts 3-5 mm; stems glabrous or with appressed hairs                                                                  

                                21a.  Calyx hairy only at the upper margins and the teeth, its teeth 2-3 mm; stipules 1-1.6 cm, auricle-like dilated at the base; leaflets in 6-9 pairs, underside sparsely hairy at the midrib or glabrous; peduncle glabrous        21. A. ernestii

                                21b.  Calyx hairy also at the tube, ist teeth only up to 1.5 mm; stipules up to 1 cm, not dilated at the base, the lower ones often connate around the petiole up to the top; leaflets in 4-6 pairs, underside loosely hairy; peduncle loosely hairy

                                   22a.  Plants in vegetative parts with mainly black hairs; lower stipules often connate around the petiole up to the top; calyx ca. 9 mm; standard 1.6–1.9 cm                                                              16. A. arnoldianus

                                   22b.  Plants in vegetative parts with mainly white hairs; all stipules free from each other; calyx 6–7 mm; standard 1.2–1.4 cm     28. A. luteolus

                            20b.  Bracts at least 5 mm but partly distinctly longer, if sometimes only 4 mm (in A.  lessertioides), than stems with ascending to spreading hairs                                                                                                                

                                23a.  Stamen-tube closed, monadelphous                                                                                                

                                   24a.  Leaflets glabrous or ciliate in the youth; racemes with flowers all around, axis densely black hairy; calyx teeth unequal, the upper ones triangular, 1-1.5 mm, the lower ones narrowly triangular 1.5-3 mm; standard 1.6-1.7 x 0.8-1.1 cm, with short claw
                                                                                                                    34. A. neomonadelphus

                                   24b.  Leaflets sparsely hairy on underside; racemes one-sided, axis sparsely white or black hairy; calyx teeth all subulate, 3-4 mm; standard 12-13 x 5-6 mm, with long claw
                                                                                                                           31. A. monadelphus

                                23b.  Stamen-tube diadelphous, with one free stamen                                                                            

                                   25a.  Calyx 5-7 mm with glabrous tube, its teeth narrowly triangular-acuminate, 1.5–3 mm; petals yellow drying to brown-violet; standard ca. 1.3 cm                                                                              26. A. lessertioides

                                   25b.  Calyx longer with tube hairy at least in upper part, ist teeth triangular up to 1.5 mm; petals remaining yellow; standard distinctly longer                                                                                                               

                                      26a.   Stems and leaf rachis sparsely to loosely covered with subappressed to ascending hairs; legumes with white and black hairs   25 A. lepsensis

                                      26b.  Stems and leaf rhachis glabrous or more rarely very sparsely appressed hairy; legumes with black hairs only

                                         27a.  Peduncle sparsely; toward the raceme more densely black hairy, rarely subglabrous;+

                                                  standard 1.4-1.7 cm; legumes 1-2.5 cm, flattended dorsally and ventrally
                                                                                                                           23. A. frigidus

                                         27b.  Peduncle glabrous; standard 1.8-2.3 cm; legumes 2.5-4.5 cm, slightly keeled
                                                  ventrally, slightly grooved dorsally                                                          39. A. tecti-mundi

15. Astragalus aksuensis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 25. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 30. 1869].

阿克苏黄耆 a ke su huang qi

°¢¿ËËÕ»ÆêÈ

      Phaca bracteosa Karelin & Kirilov, non A. bracteosus Boissier.

Plants 50–100 cm tall with basifixed hairs. Stems at the base 3–5(–7) mm thick, glabrous or sometimes in the lower part with very short white spreading hairs. Stipules green, 10–18 mm, glabrous ciliate. Leaves 8–12 cm, with glabrous rachis. Leaflets in 3–4(–5) pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, acute to obtuse, 2–6 X 0.5–1.8 cm, glabrous on both sides. Peduncles 6–20 cm, glabrous. Racemes loosely many-flowered, 6–16 cm. Bracts green, 8–12 mm, glabrous or very sparsely ciliate. Calyx shortly tubular, 6–8 mm, glabrous or sparsely appressed hairy; teeth unequal, the two adaxial distant, triangular acuminate, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, the three abaxial close together, narrowly triangular, 1–2(–3) mm. Petals yellow. Standard 1.7–2.1 X 1.1–1.2 cm, widely rhombic, ± round-tipped. Wings 16–18 mm. Keel 14–16 mm. Legume with a slender stipe 6–8 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, acuminate at both ends, 2–3 cm long, 7–10 mm high und 3–4 mm wide; valves yellowish, glabrous.

      Xerophytic scrub, forests, rock debris, pebbles, Middle mountain belt. Sichuan, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].

16. Astragalus arnoldianus N.D.Simpson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 239. 1915.

灌县黄耆  guan xian huang qi

¹àÏØ»ÆêÈ

A. simpsonii E.Peter.

Plants 30–40 cm tall, with predominantly black hairs 0.2–0.7 mm. Stems 2–3 mm thick, sparsely appressed hairy. Stipules 5-8 mm, the lowest high up connate around the suppressed petiole into a single limb, the upper ones narrowly triangular, free, black and white ciliate. Leaves 6–10 cm, petiole 1.5–2.7 cm, like the rachis appressed hairy. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, ovate, 8–22 x 3–12 mm, rounded to slightly emarginate, upper side dark green and glabrous, underside pale green and loosely appressed white hairy. Peduncle 5–8.5 cm, striate-sulcate, loosely appressed black hairy. Raceme 2-6 cm, 8–18-flowered,. Bracts whitish,, 3–5 mm, black hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present, minute, whitish, up to 1 mm. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 9 mm, loosely appressed hairy; teeth nearly equal, triangular, 0.5–1 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 1.6–1.9 X 0.7–0.8 cm, obovate. Wings 1.5–1.8 cm. Keel 1.4–1.5 cm. Ovary shortly stipitate, densely black hairy. Legume unknown.

      *3000 m. Sichuan (Kuan Heien).

17. Astragalus bahrakianus Grey-Wilson, Kew Bull. 29: 45. 1974.

巴拉克黄耆 ba la ke huang qi

A. dictamnoides auct. non Gontsch.: Ohba & al., J. Jap. Bot. 70: 30. 1994.

   Plants 30–60 cm tall, subglabrous or with curly, ± spreading hairs ca. 1 mm. Stems several, at the base up to 8 mm thick, glabrous. Stipules 2–4 cm, auricle like dilated at base, glabrous. Leaves 12–17 cm, petiole ca. 2 cm, glabrous. Leaflets in 3–4 pairs, narrowly ovate, 3.5–7 X 1.2–3 cm, acute, on underside or only at the margin sparsely hairy. Peduncle erect, 9–20 cm, glabrous. Raceme loosely 7–10-flowered. Bracts green, 1–2 cm long, at the margins and tip sparsely or allover loosely white and black hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present, 1–4 mm. Calyx 1.1–1.2 cm long, sparsely to loosely covered with pale brown to black hairs; teeth triangular, 2–2.5 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 2–2.3 X 1.3–1.6 cm, widely ovate to nearly orbicular, slightly emarginate. Wings 1.8–1.9 cm. Keel 1.6–1.8 cm. Legume with a stipe 6–9 mm, ellipsoid-inflated, 3–4(–5) cm long, 1.5–2.2(–3) cm high und 1.2–1.4(–1.6) cm wide, rounded ventrally and dorsally; valves glabrous.

      Wet places in Picea-forests, alpine slopes near water, 2800–4000 m. Xinjiang (W. Kuen-lun mts.) [NE Afghanistan].

18. Astragalus changduensis Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Res. North-East Forest. Inst. 1(3): 106. 1981.

昌都黄耆 chang du huang qi

²ý¶¼»ÆêÈ

      Plants 70–90 cm tall. Stems erect, with ± appressed, tangled white hairs 0.3–0.7 mm long. Stipules 6-10 x 5-6 5-6 mm, triangular-ovate, sparsely white hairy. Leaves 5-10 cm, subsessile. Leaflets in 11-13 pairs, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 7-20 x 3-8 mm, obtuse to emarginate, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely covered with appressed to ascending, short white hairy. Peduncles ca. 6–8 cm. Racemes 4-5 cm, rather densely many-flowered. Bracts 5-8 mm, narrowly triangular, sparsely white or black hairy. Calyx 5–6 mm, predominantly white hairy; teeth ca. 3 mm. Petals yellowish to white. Standard 7–9 X 5–6 mm, widely ovate to nearly orbicular, emarginate. Wings ca. 7 mm. Keel ca. 6 mm. Ovary with a stipe up to 4 mm, densely white hairy, without septum.

      *Xizang.

19. Astragalus chilienshanensis Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 51. 1980.

祁连山黄耆 qi lian shan huang qi

ÆîÁ¬É½»ÆêÈ

      Plant 20-30 cm tall. Stem 4-6 cm. Stipules elliptic, 5-15 X 3-7 mm, white ciliate. Leaves 4-8 cm, petiole 2-4 cm. Leaflets in 4-6 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 1-2 x 0.4-1 cm, rounded or slightly emarginate, glabrous or ciliate at the margins. Peduncles 15-20 cm. Racemes 1-2 cm, ca. 10-flowered, elongating in fruit. Bracts linear-acute to narrowly ovate, 4-6 mm, sparsely white hairy. Pedicels ca. 2 mm, densely black hairy. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, glabrous; teeth narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm, black hairy on inner side. Petals yellow, all of nearly the same length. Standard 1-1.2 X ca. 0.9 cm, widely obovate. Legumes with a stipe ca. 3 mm, pendulous, narrowly ellipsoid, attenuate at both ends, ca. 2 cm long; valves sparsely covered with black hairs.

      *3500 m. Qinghai, Xizang.

20. Astragalus degensis Ulbrich., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 418. 1922.

窄翼黄耆  zhai yi huang qi

ÕÒí»ÆêÈ

A. grubovii P.C.Li; A. guanshuanus P.C.Li; A. degensis var. rockianus E.Peter; A. voburus Y.H.Xu & Q.R.Liu.

      Plants 40–50(-100) cm tall, with appressed hairs 0.3–0.6(–1) mm. Stem sparsely to loosely covered with white and black or predominantly black hairs, glabrescent with age. Stipules linear-subulate, 6–10 mm, spreading to reflexed, black ciliate. Leaves 6–12 cm; rachis sparsely to loosely covered with mostly black hairs. Leaflets in 7–15 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 8–20(-30) X 3–8(-12) mm, acute to slightly retuse with a distinct cusp 0.5 mm, upper side dark green and glabrous, underside lighter green and loosely appressed white hairy. Peduncle 5–20 cm, loosely to rather densely black hairy, glabrescent with age. Raceme 3 cm, densely many-flowered, at fruiting time elongated and up to 6(-12) cm; axis loosely to densely black hairy. Bracts whitish, linear-subulate, 5–7 mm, black ciliate. Calyx shortly tubular, 6-9 mm, loosely covered with white and black or only black hairs; teeth subulate, 3-5 mm. Petals yellow to greenish-yellow or purplish., yellow when dry. Standard 11–13(-15) X 4–7 mm, oblong to elliptic, round-tipped. Wings 10–11(-13) mm. Keel 11–12(-14) mm. Legumes with a stipe 4–7 mm, erect or spreading, ellipsoid, shortly acuminate at both ends, compressed laterally, 1.3–1.7 cm long, 6–8 mm high, 2.5–3 mm wide, sharply keeled ventrally, keeled to narrowly rounded dorsally; valves dirty brownish, sparsely to rather densely covered with subappressed black and white or only black hairs.

*Alpine belt, 2700-3800 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

21. Astragalus ernestii Comber, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 230. 1934.

朔果黄耆 shuo guo huang qi

Ëó¹û»ÆêÈ

A. wilsonii N.D.Simpson; A. josephii E.Peter; A. xiaojinensis Y.C.Ho.

Plants 25–60 cm tall, with hairs up to 0.3 mm. Stems up to 7 mm thick, glabrous. Stipules 1–1.6 cm, the lower ones laterally widened into a wide auricle, spreading to deflexed, at the base with minute glands. Leaves 4–10 cm. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 6–24(–40) X 2.5–10 mm, glabrous on both sides or loosely to sparsely covered with appressed white hairs on underside. Peduncles 5–10 cm, glabrous. Racemes densely many-flowered, later on elongated and up to 8 cm. Bracts green, elliptic to somewhat spathulate, 3–4 mm, black or white ciliate. Calyx greenish, campanulate-tubular, 6–8 mm, deeply split on the adaxial side, tube glabrous; teeth 2–3 mm, both sides or only the inner side and the margins between the teeth densely shortly black hairy. Petals pale yellow or purplish-blue (e collectore), blackish-purplish when dry. Standard 13–15 X 5–8 mm, rectangular-oblong to obovate. Wings 11–13 mm. Keel 10–13 mm. Legume with a stipe 4–11 mm, pendulous, narrowly ovoid, long acuminate, 1.5–2.5 cm long and 4–6 mm high, sharply keeled ventrally, narrowly rounded dorsally; valves light brownish, densely covered with very short black nearly spreading hairs, loosely hairy or glabrescent with age.

      *Abies-forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, 3500–4300 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang.

22. Astragalus floridulus Podlech, Sendtnera 1: 270. 1993.

多花黄耆 duo hua huang qi

¶à»¨»ÆêÈ

A. floridus Bunge, non Scop.

      Plants 50–90 cm tall, with hairs 0.2–0.8(–1) mm. Stems at the base up to 6 mm thick, with slender, non-flowering side branches out of most of the leave axils, loosely covered with ascending, mostly black hairs. Stipules on main stem linear acute, 1–1.4 cm long, white ciliate, those on lateral branches 4–5 mm long. Leaves on main stem 5–9 cm; rachis slender, with ascending, white hairs. Leaflets in 10–15 pairs, very narrowly elliptic to narrowly elliptic, acute, 10–17(–20) X 2–6 mm, upper side glabrous, underside rather densely appressed white hairy. Leaves and leaflets on side branches mostly distinctly smaller. Peduncles 2–7 cm, loosely covered with ascending to spreading white and predominantly black hairs. Racemes densely many flowered, ovoid to capitate, later on strongly elongated and in fruit up to more than 15 cm. Bracts whitish-membranous, linear-acute, 3.5–6 mm, black ciliate. Calyx shortly tubular, 5–6 mm, strongly obliquely cut at the mouth, in lower part loosely, towards the teeth rather densely covered with longer, appressed black or white hairs, young inflorescences therefore white or sometimes black sericeous; theeth slightly unequal, the two adaxial 1–2 mm, the three abaxial 1.5–3 mm, sometimes all teeth nearly equal, subulate, 3–4 mm. Petals pale yellow or whitish, often puplish-suffused. Standard 12–13 X 4–5.5 mm, narrowly oblong-elliptic. Wings 11–12 mm. Keel 11–12 mm. Legumes with a stipe 4–5 mm, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm long, 4–5 mm high and 2–3 mm wide, keeled ventrally and dorsally; valves covered with subappressed to ascending black and white hairs up to 1 mm.

      Subalpine to alpine belt, 2750–5180 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang [Bhutan, India (Sikkim)].

23. Astragalus frigidus (Linnaeus) A.Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 219. 1864.

广布黄耆 guang bu huang qi

¹ã²¼»ÆêÈ

Phaca frigida Linnaeus; A. secundus A.P.DeCandolle.

Plants 8–35 cm tall, mostly nearly glabrous, hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems at the base 2–5 mm thick,. Stipules 1–2 cm long. Leaves 5–15 cm, petiole 1–3 cm, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely appressed white hairy. Leaflets in (3–)4–6(–8) pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 15–35(–45) X 7–19 mm, rounded to subacute, upper side dark green, mostly glabrous, underside light grey-green with a distinct darker net of nerves, mostly sparsely appressed hairy. Peduncles 5–10 cm, appressed black hairy or nearly glabrous. Racemes rather densely 5–20-flowered. Bracts greenish, 5–10 mm, narrowly ovate, at the margins with predominantly black hairs. Calyx shortly tubular, 6–9 mm, in basal part subglabrous, toward the teeth more densely hairy, sometimes only at the teeth black hairy; teeth equal, triangular, 0.3–1 mm. Petals pale yellow. Standard 14–17 X 8 mm, obovate to nearly orbicular. Wings 13–16 mm. Keel 13–15 mm. Legumes with a stipe up to 8 mm, pendulous, inflated, narrowly ellipsoid, acuminate at both ends, 1–2.5 cm long, 3–4 mm high and 5–7 mm wide, flat ventrally and dorsally; valves loosely or rather densely covered with very short appressed black hairs.

      Forests, damp meadows, riversides, 260-3100 m. Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Japan, Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia, Far-East); Europe].

24. Astragalus henryi D.Oliver in Hooker's Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1959. 1891.

秦岭黄耆 qin ling huang qi.

ÇØÁë»ÆêÈ

Neodielsia polyantha Harms.

      Plants 40–45 cm tall, with white hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, only at the leaves 0.5–0.7 mm. Stems several, zig-zag-like bent at the nodes at least in upper part, slender, mostly glabrous. Stipules membranous, yellowish, soon withering, 5–8(–12) mm, narrowly oblong to narrowly triangular, glabrous or sparsely ciliate. Leaves 6–12 cm, petiole 2–4 cm, like the rachis sparsely appressed hairy, at the insertion of the leaflets mostly with a little tuft of short hairs. Leaflets in (1–)2 pairs, with short, often undulate-winged leaflet petioles, narrowly elliptic, obtuse to acute, 1.5–4.5(–6) X 0.7–2(–2.5) cm, upper side dark green and glabrous, underside pale green, reticulately nerved, loosely covered with partly spreading hairs. Peduncle often branched and inflorescence therefore nearly paniculate, 1–4 cm, slender, glabrous. Racemes many-flowered, in fruit elongated and up to 11 cm. Bracts greenish, linear, 2–4 mm, deflexed, soon falling. Calyx widely campanulate-tubular, 4–5 mm, subglabrous to loosely appressed hairy; teeth inconspicuous, less than 0.3 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 8–10 X 4 mm. elliptic-oblong, very slightly emarginate. Wings 6–8 mm. Keel 8–10 mm. Legume with a stipe 6–8 mm, obliquely ovoid, 1–1.5 cm long, 5–7 mm high, compressed laterally, long acuminate; valves yellowish, thinly membranous, glabrous. Seed mostly one.

      *Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan.

25. Astragalus lepsensis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 25. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 29. 1869].

天山黄耆 tian shan huang qi

Ììɽ»ÆêÈ

      Plants 25–45 cm tall. Stems ca. 3 mm thick at the base, sparsely to loosely covered with ascending to spreading, white hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stipules 10–20 mm, ciliate. Leaves 7–14 cm, petiole short, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–8 pairs, narrowly ovate, 15–40 X 8–17 mm, upper side dark green and glabrous, underside grey green with whitish median nerve, subappressed hairy. Peduncle 5–9 cm, appressed hairy. Racemes rather densely to loosely 10–20-flowered, one-sided, 3–7 cm long. Bracts green, narrowly elliptic, acute, 7–11 mm, ciliate. Bracteoles sometimes present, linear, 1–2 mm. Calyx shortly tubular, 8–9 mm, subglabrous or in upper part with short, spreading black hairs; teeth nearly equal, narrowly triangular, 0.8–1 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 20–21 X ca. 8 mm, ovate to obovate. Wings 19–20 mm. Keel 19–20 mm. Legumes with a stipe 6–7 mm, pendulous, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.5–2.4 cm long, 6–7 mm wide and 4–5 mm high, with a beak ca. 2 mm; valves membranous, rather densely covered with very short white and black nearly appressed hairs.

      Xerophytic scrub, Coniferous forests, meadows, Middle mountain and Subalpine belts. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia].

The value of the following taxon is uncertain, because we have not seen any material.

A. lepsensis var. leduensis Y.H.Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 20: 37. 1998. Holotype: [China] Qinghai, Ledu Xian, Dala, 2800 m, 10.7.1975, Guo Benzhao 001 (HNWP).

乐都黄耆 le du huang qi

According to the description it differs by stipules 4-8 mm, leaflets sparsely hairy on both sides, bracts 4-7 mm, calyx 6-8 mm and standard 15-17 mm.

*Qinghai.

26. Astragalus lessertioides Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 24. 1868 in clave.

秃萼黄耆 tu e huang qi

ͺÝà»ÆêÈ

A. levitubus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu.

      Plants 10–30 cm tall, with soft hairs 0.5–1 mm. Stems several, slender, up to 2 mm thick, sparsely covered with ascending white hairs. Stipules 6–15 mm, ciliate. Leaves 2–7 cm, petiole short, like the rachis slender, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 3–6(–8) pairs, elliptic, 4–11 X 2–6 mm, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely appressed white hairy at the margin and especially at the midvein. Peduncle 1.5–16 cm, sparsely white, towards the top increasingly spreading black hairy. Raceme densely 6–12-flowered; axis densely black hairy. Bracts whitish to greenish, linear-acute, 3-6 mm, black ciliate. Calyx campanulate, 4.5–6 mm, not gibbous at the base, with truncate mouth, tube glabrous; teeth 2–3 mm, black hairy. Petals in life yellow or purple, often dark purplish-brown when dry, all of same length. Standard 11–12 X 6–8 mm, widely obtriangular to widely obovate. Legumes stipitate, narrowly ellipsoid, acuminate at both ends, 1.5 cm long, very densely covered with appressed black hairs.

      Alpine meadows, 3500-4870 m. Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

27. Astragalus longilobus E.Peter, Acta Horti Gothob. 12: 47. 1937.

秃萼黄耆 tu e huang qi

³¤ÁÑÝà»ÆêÈ

      Plants 30–60 cm tall, with hairs 0.5–1 mm. Stems several, 3–6 mm thick, sparsely to loosely covered with ± appressed white or sometimes also black hairs. Stipules greenish, 8–20 mm, the lowest ± highly up vaginate-connate behind the stem, the upper ones mostly narrowly triangular, long acuminate, free, ciliate. Leaves 7–10 cm long, petiole short, like the rachis sparsely to loosely covered with ± appressed white and black hairs. Leaflets in 3–5 pairs, with a short leaflet petiole often furnished with minute, globular glands, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, (18–)25–40(–55) X 7–15 mm, acute and often minutely mucronulate, upper side glabrous, underside loosely to densely appressed white hairy. Peduncle 5–7 cm, loosely predominantly black hairy. Raceme densely many-flowered. Bracts whitish, linear-acuminate, 8–10 mm, black hairy. Calyx 10–14 mm, campanulate, sparsely to loosely covered with ± appressed white and toward the teeth increasingly black hairs; teeth subulate, (3)4–7(–8) mm. Petals yellow. Standard 14–15 X 8–9 mm, widely elliptic to widely obovate. Wings13–14 mm. Keel 11–13 mm. Legume with a stipe 5–6 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, acuminate at both ends, inflated, 18–22 mm long, 7–8 mm in diameter; valves papery, densely covered with short appressed black hairs.

      *Subalpine to alpine meadows, grassy slopes, riversides, 3300–4300 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan.

28. Astragalus luteolus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser. 7: 23. 1936.

秃萼黄耆 tu e huang qi

»Æ»¨»ÆêÈ

      Plants 30–100 cm tall, with hairs 0.3–0.8 mm. Stem up to 5 mm thick, subglabrous at the base, in upper part loosely appressed white hairy. Stipules (3–)6–10 mm, narrowly triangular, white or black ciliate. Leaves (4–)7–10 cm, petiole 0.4–1.2 cm, like the rachis sparsely to rather loosely covered with appressed to subappressed, mostly white hairs. Leaflets in (2–)4–7 pairs, narrowly ovate, rounded to slightly emarginate, 15–40 X 6–14 mm, upper side dark green, glabrous to sparsely hairy, underside grey-green and loosely hairy. Peduncle 4–13 cm, loosely appressed, predominantly white hairy. Racemes at anthesis densely 7–many-flowered, at fruiting time elongated up to 10 cm. Bracts whitish, 2–5 mm, linear-acute, white and blackish hairy. Calyx 6–7 mm, shortly tubular, ± densely appressed white and black hairy; teeth subulate, unequal, 1-1.5 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 12–14 X ca. 5 mm, elliptic to ovate. Wings 11–11.5 mm. Keel 10–11 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 2 mm long, white hairy; style with short spreading hairs just below the stigma on the abaxial side. Legumes with a stipe 4–5 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, long acuminate, inflated, 1.8–2.5 cm long et 5–7 mm in diameter; valves papery, densely covered with short, ascending black and white or only black hairs.

*Sichuan, Qinghai.

29. Astragalus minhensis X.Y.Zhu & C.J.Chen, Guihaia 15(2): 112. 1995.

民和黄耆 min he huang qi

ÃñºÍ»ÆêÈ

A. penduliflorus Lam. var. minhensis (X.Y.Zhu & C.J.Chen) X.Y.Zhu

      Plants 60-70 cm tall. Stem in upper part white and black hairy. Stipules 4-10 mm, narrowly triangular, white ciliate. Leaves 5-9 cm, subsessile; rachis white hairy. Leaflets in 5-9 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 11-23 X 3-8 mm, both sides appressed white hairy. Peduncles ca. 6-10 cm. Racemes loosely 9-19-flowered. Bracts 2-5 mm, linear-acute, glabrous or white ciliate. Calyx ca. 6 mm, campanulate, white and black hairy; teeth narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm. Petals yellow, standard tip purple, keel reddish-brown. Standard ca. 12 X 5 mm, obovate. Wings ca. 11 mm. Keel 11 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 1.5 mm, loosely black amd white hairy; style with shortly hairy stigma. Legumes with a stipe 2.5-3 mm, narrowly obliquely ellipsoid, 3-3.8 cm long, ca. 8-9 mm high, inflated, valves membranous, loosely white and black hairy.

      *Qinghai.

30. Astragalus moellendorfii Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 26: 472. 1880.

边向花黄耆 bian xiang hua huang qi

±ßÏò»¨»ÆêÈ

A. moellendorfii var. kansuensis E.Peter.

Plants 35–45 cm tall, in vegetative parts with hairs 0.5–0.8(–1 mm). Stems glabrous or hairy in the nodal region, up to 3 mm thick. Stipules 10–23 mm, ciliate. Leaves 6–10 cm, petiole 1.5–3 cm, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely hairy especially at the insertion of the leaflets. Leaflets in 2–4 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, rounded to subacute, 1.5–4(–6) X 0.5–2 cm, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely to loosely appressed hairy. Peduncles 6–22 cm, glabrous. Racemes densely 10-many-flowered, elongating with age. Bracts narrowly elliptic, acute, greenish, 5–8 mm, white or black ciliate. Calyx 6–8 mm, outside very sparsely or toward the apex loosely white and more densely black hairy or nearly glabrous, inner side of the tube at least in upper half densely covered with appressed black or more rarely white hairs; teeth unequal, 0.2–1.5 mm. Petals yellow or purplish. Standard 18–19 X 7–10 mm, ovate to elliptic. Wings 17–18 mm. Keel 15–16 mm. Legumes with a black hairy stipe 6–10 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, long acuminate into a short, hooked beak, 2–2.5 cm long, ca. 4 mm high and 5 mm wide, slightly keeled ventrally, widely flattened dorsally; valves papery, rather densely covered with nearly spreading, predominantly black hairs 0.1–0.2 mm.

*Gansu, Hebei, Ningxia, Shanxi.

31. Astragalus monadelphus Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 24: 32. 1877.

单蕊黄耆 dan rui huang qi

µ¥Èï»ÆêÈ

A. luteus Ulbrich.

Plants 20–60 cm tall, with mostly white hairs 0.4–1 mm. Stems at the base 1.5–3 mm thick, glabrous or nearly so. Stipules 8–16 mm, often reflexed, sparsely ciliate. Leaves 7–12 cm, nearly sessile; rachis glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets in (4–)6–8 pairs, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, rounded or shortly acuminate and minutely mucronulate, 1.2–3.5 X 0.5–1.3 cm, upper side dull green and glabrous, underside grey-green and sparsely hairy. Peduncles 6–12(–15) cm, ercet, glabrous. Racemes one-sided, loosely many-flowered. Bracts greenish, narrowly elliptic, acute, 6–10 mm, white and black ciliate. Calyx 8–10 mm, campanulate-tubular, greenish to reddish, the tube glabrous or sometimes sparsely black hairy; teeth subulate, (2–)3–4 mm long. Petals yellow. Standard (10–)12–13 X 5–6 mm, widely elliptic to widely obovate or nearly orbicular. Wings (10–)11–12 mm. Keel 10–11 mm. Stamen-tube closed, monadelphous. Legumes with a white hairy stipe 5–6 mm, inflated ellipsoid, ca. 15 mm long, 6 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, flattened dorsally; valves thinly membranous, loosely covered with ascending short white and black hairs.

      *Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.

32. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 25. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 30. 1869].

蒙古黄耆 meng gu huang qi

ÃɹŻÆêÈ

      Phaca macrostachys Turczaninov; A. membranaceus Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K.Hsiao; A. purdomii N.D.Simpson; A. mongholicus var. dahuricus (A.P.DeCandolle) Podlech; Phaca alpina Linnaeus var. dahurica A.P.DeCandolle; A. penduliflorus Lamarck var. membranaceus Glehn 1876; A. membranaceus Bunge non Moench; A. propinquus Schischkin; Phaca abbreviata Ledebour; A. penduliflorus auct. non Lamarck.

Plants 25–60 cm tall, covered with hairs 1–1.5(–2) mm. Stems at the base 2.5–3 mm thick, glabrous or sparsely to rarely loosely covered with white, ± spreading white hairs up to 2 mm long and with mostly shorter, more appressed hairs. Stipules very narrowly to narrowly triangular, the lower ones 8–10, the upper ones 4–5 mm, glabrous or ciliate. Leaves 6–15 cm, nearly sessile; rachis sparsely to loosely appressed to spreading hairy. Leaflets in 8–12 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, widely rounded to shallowly emarginate, 5–22 X 3–11 mm, glabrous or on midvein of underside and margins with nearly spreading hairs. Peduncles 7–13 cm, sparsely white hairy. Racemes loosely many-flowered, 4–5 cm long, at fruiting time strongly elongated to 9–14 cm. Bracts greenish to whitish, narrowly triangular to linear, 3–6 mm, white and black hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present, whitish, linear, ca. 0.5 mm. Calyx campanulate-tubular, 5–9 mm, glabrous or sparsely covered with short, ascending black hairs, teeth sometimes also with longer white hairs 0.5–1.5 mm. Petals yellow, rarely lilac. Standard 13–20 X 7–9 mm, widely elliptic. Wings 12–17 mm. Keel 11–16 mm. Legumes with a slender stipe 6–9(–15) mm long, obliquely ellipsoid to nearly semicircular seen from the side, with strongly curved dorsal side and slightly curved to nearly straight ventral side, shortly acuminate, 2–3 cm long, 8–12 mm high and 3–4 mm wide, sharply keeled ventrally, narrowly rounded dorsally; valves membranous, glabrous or loosely covered with very short appressed black, more rarely white hairs.

      Steppes, meadows, xerophytic shrubs, Coniferous forests; montane belt, 800–2000 m

Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia, Far East)].

33. Astragalus muliensis H.Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin., Pt. 7: 554. 1933.

木里黄耆 mu li huang qi

ľÀï»ÆêÈ

      Plants up to 60 cm tall, with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Stems several, at the base ca. 2 mm thick, subglabrous or sparsely covered with mainly black hairs. Stipules very narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, glabrous or ciliate. Leaves 6–10 cm, the upper ones nearly sessile, the lower ones with petiole up to 2 cm long; rachis sparsely subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 5 8 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, widely rounded to shallowly notched, 10–22 X 4–8 mm, upper side glabrous, underside covered sparsely to loosely with appressed hairs 0.3–0.8 mm long. Peduncles 8–15 cm, sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to ascending short black hairs. Racemes loosely 12–15-flowered, 3–4 cm long, at fruiting time elongated. Bracts whitish-membranous, filiform to linear-acute, 3–4 mm, sparsely black hairy. Calyx campanulate, 4.5–5 mm, rather densely covered with subappressed black and sometimes few white hairs; teeth slightly unequal, 1–2 mm. Petals blue or bluish-violet with yellowish base. Standard 10–11 X 5–6 mm, obovate. Wings 9–10 mm. Keel 8 mm. Legumes (unripe) with a long slender stipe, acute at both ends; valves densely brownish-hairy.

      *Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

34. Astragalus neomonadelphus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser. 19: 263. 1940.

新单蕊黄耆 xin dan rui huang qi

е¥Èï»ÆêÈ

      Plants 25–50 cm tall, in vegetative parts glabrous. Stems solitary to mostly several, ca. 3 mm thick. Stipules ovate, 11–15 mm. Leaves 5–10 cm, nearly sessile. Leaflets in 4–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic or rarely elliptic, obtuse, (7–)10–30 X (3–)4–10 mm. Peduncle 4.5–12 cm, glabrous; Racemes densely 5–16-flowered, rachis black hairy. Bracts greenish, 5–9 mm, white and black ciliate. Calyx greenish, shortly tubular, 8–9 mm, glabrous; teeth unequal, the two adaxial triangular, 1–1.5 mm, the three abaxial narrowly triangular, 1.5–3 mm. Petals yellow, often blackish when dry. Standard 16–17 X 8–11 mm, obovate to widely rhombic-obovate to sometimes wider than long. Wings 15–16 mm. Keel 15–16 mm. Stamen-tube closed, monadelphous. Legumes with a stipe 7–8 mm, pendulous, ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 cm long, 6–8 mm high, ca. 4 mm wide, keeled ventrally and dorsally; valves papery, rather densely covered with appressed to subappressed black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm.

      *Alpine belt, 3400-4700 m. Yunnan.

35. Astragalus petrovii N.Ulziykhutag, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 30: 109. 1996.

南山黄耆nan shan huang qi

      Plants 60–90 cm tall. Stems up to 7 mm thick, glabrous or with some subappressed to spreading hairs 0.8–1.5 mm. Stipules 4–11 mm, often reflexed, ciliate. Leaves 6–8 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 8–11 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 10–15 X 4–6 mm, rounded to obtuse, upper side sparsely, underside loosely covered with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Peduncle 6–15 cm. Racemes 3–6 cm long, rather densely (10–)15–25-flowered. Bracts greenish, narrowly triangular, 3–5 mm, white ciliate. Calyx campanulate, 4–6 mm, loosely, in upper margins and teeth densely covered with appressed to subappressed, predominantly black 0.2–0.3 mm; teeth unequal, triangular, 0.3–1 mm. Petals dark purplish to blackish-violet. Standard ca. 13 X 7 mm, obovate. Wings 12 mm. Keel 11–11.5 mm. Legumes with a stipe 3–5.5 mm, ± spreading, obliquely ellipsoid, 3–3.5 cm long, ca. 10 mm high, ca. 4 mm wide, obtusely keeled ventrally, narrowly rounded dorsally, with a beak 1–1.5 mm; valves membranous, with very short, appressed black or white hairs 0.05–0.08 mm.

      *2600-3050 m. Gansu.

36. Astragalus przewalskii Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 24: 32. 1878.

黑紫花黄耆 hei zi hua huang qi

ºÚ×Ï»¨»ÆêÈ

Plants 30–80 cm tall, with subappressed hairs 0.2–0.6 mm. Stems solitary or several, 1–3 mm thick, in lower half or two third leafless, loosely hairy. Stipules membranous, 4–8 mm, with ± spreading black and white hairs. Leaves 5–12 cm, petiole short, like the rachis subappressed white and black hairy. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 8–35 x 1–5(–8) mm, obtuse to subacute, upper side glabrous, underside subappressed white hairy. Peduncle 4–11 cm, subappressed white and black hairy. Raceme 3–7 cm, rather densely 4–20-flowered. Bracts membranous, 5–7 mm, narrowly elliptic, white hairy. Calyx campanulate, 5–6 mm, densely covered with subappressed, predominantly brownish to blackish hairs; teeth nearly equal, 1–2 mm. Petals blackish-purple. Standard ca. 11 7 mm, widely rhombic-elliptic. Wings ca. 10 mm. Keel 9 mm. Ovary with a style shortly hairy below the stigma. Legumes with a stipe 4–5 mm, ovoid to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm long, 5–6 mm high and wide; valves thinly membraneous, loosely covered with ascending to spreading black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm.

      *Subalpine to alpine belts. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang.

37. Astragalus purpurinus (Y.C.Ho) Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 14: 223. 2004.

淡紫花黄耆 dan zi hua huang qi

µ×Ï»¨»ÆêÈ

A. membranaceus Bunge var. purpurinus Y.C.Ho; A. membranaceus f. purpurinus (Y.C.Ho) K.T.Fu; A. membranaceus f. pallidipurpureus Y.C.Ho; A. membranaceus subsp. pallidipurpureus (Y.C.Ho) X.Y.Zhu & C.J.Chen; A. penduliflorus Lam. var. pallidipurpureus (Y.C.Ho) X.Y.Zhu.

Plants at least 60–70 cm tall, with hairs 0.3–0.5(–1.5) mm. Stem at the base up to 8 mm thick, glabrous or with scattered spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm. Stipules 4–10 mm, glabrous or ciliate. Leaves 5–9 cm, nearly sessile; rachis sparsely covered with spreading hairs up to 1 mm. Leaflets in 3–9 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, rounded to minutely acuminate, 10–17 X 3–7 mm, on both sides loosely covered with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.3–1 mm. Peduncles 5–13 cm, sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to ± spreading white hairs. Racemes 4-5 cm, loosely many-flowered, soon elongating up to 10 cm. Bracts green, linear-subulate, 5–8 mm, mainly white ciliate. Bracteoles whitish, linear, 0,5–1 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4(–5) mm, the tube loosely covered with subappressed black hairs up to 0.3 mm and with few long white hairs; teeth 0.3–1 mm. Petals lilac or dark purplish. Standard 13 X 7 mm, obovate. Wings 13 mm. Keel 12 mm. Legumes (immature) with a stipe 5–6 mm, narrowly ellipsoid; valves very densely covered with subappressed white and black hairs.

      *Gansu

38. Astragalus sichuanensis L.Meng, X.Y.Zhu & Xiao, Nord. J. Bot. 24: 419. 2006

???????????????

Plants ca. 60 cm tall. Stems erect, green-bluish, sometimes  dark-reddish, glabrous. Stipules narrowly ovate, 20–26 X 5–8 mm, with usual conspicuous veines, free, glabrous. Leaves 10–13 cm; petiole 1–4 cm. Leaflets in 3–5 pairs, narrowly ovate, 26–42 X 10–17 mm, glabrous on upper side, sparsely appressed hairy on underside. Peduncles 5–7 cm. Racemes 5–10-flowered. Bracts 11–14 X 2.5–4 mm, densely appressed white hairy. Calyx 9–11 mm, sparsely appressed white hairy, at the teeth sometimes with few black hairs mixed in; teeth triangular, very short and nearly inconspicuous. Petals yellow. Standard 20–22 X 7 mm, elliptic, emarginate, gradually narrowed at the base. Wings 20–21 mm. Keel 18.5–20 mm. Ovary with a slender stipe 12–14 mm long, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *Meadows along riversides and shady hillsides or wet areas near wells. Sichuan.

39. Astragalus tecti-mundi Freyn, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 4: 456. 1904.

屋脊黄耆 wu ji huang qi

¹â¶¥»ÆêÈ

      Plants 30–90 cm tall. Stems at the base 3–7 mm thick, glabrous or more rarely very sparsely to sparsely appressed hairy. Stipules 1.2–2 cm, glabrous or ciliate. Leaves 7–15 cm, nearly sessile. Leaflets in 4–7 pairs, narrowly ovate to ovate, 2–6 X 0.8–3.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy on underside. Peduncle 5–14 cm. Racemes 6–9 cm, loosely to rather densely many-flowered. Bracts greenish, 6–9 mm, glabrous or sparsely ciliate, soon falling. Calyx shortly tubular, 8–11 mm, sparsely covered with very short, appressed black hairs or nearly glabrous; teeth widely triangular, 0.5–1.5 mm, mostly black hairy. Petals yellow. Standard 15–25 X 7–10 mm, obovate to widely obovate. Wings 14–22 mm. Keel 14–20 mm. Legume with a stipe 8–10 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, acuminate at both ends, 2.5–4.5 cm long, 4–6 mm high and 5–8 mm wide, slightly keeled ventrally, slightly widely grooved dorsally; valves papery, loosely covered with short appressed black hairs, rarely glabrous when fully ripe.

Wet meadows, riversides, among shrubs in the subalpine and alpine zone, 2550–4130 m.

A. tecti-mundi subsp. tecti-mundi

屋脊黄耆 wu ji huang qi

Xinjiang [Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India].

A. tecti mundi subsp. orientalis Podlech, Sendtnera 7: 178. 2001.

东方屋脊黄耆 dong fang wu ji huang qi

      Differs from subsp. tecti-mundi by smaller leaflets in 5–7 (not 4–5) pairs, which are sarsely to loosely appressed hairy on underside (not glabrous).

Xinjiang, Xizang [India, Kashmir, Pakistan].

40. Astragalus tongolensis Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50, Beibl. 110: 12. 1913.

东俄洛黄耆 dong e luo huang qi

¶«¶íÂå»ÆêÈ

A. potaninii Komarov;  A. veitchianus N.D.Simpson; A. tongolensis var. glaber E.Peter; A.tongolensis var. lanceolato-dentatus E.Peter; A. tongolensis var. breviflorus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu.

      Plants 30–70(–120) cm tall, sparsely hairy. Stems several, up to 7 mm thick, glabrous. Stipules 15–30 mm, sparsely ciliate. Leaves 6–15 cm, petiole 1–5 cm, like the rachis glabrous or very sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 3–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic to obovate, 1–6 X 0.4–2.5 cm, obtuse, glabrous on both sides or sometimes loosely covered with nearly spreading white hairs 0.5-1 mm on underside. Peduncle 6–25 cm, glabrous or sparsely white, towards the raceme also black hairy. Raceme rather densely 8-many-flowered, later on strongly elongating. Bracts whitish or greenish, linear, 5–10 mm, black ciliate, soon falling. Calyx 6–9 mm, turbinate-tubular, glabrous or sparsely hairy outside, on inner side in upper half of the tube densely appressed black hairy, rarely also in upper half of the outer side rather densely black hairy; teeth triangular, 1.5–2(–3) mm. Petals yellow, all of equal length. Standard 18–24 X 6–8 mm, oblong to slightly obovate, somewhat constricted in the middle. Legumes with a stipe 8–10 mm, narrowly ovoid, long acuminate, 2–2.5 cm long, 5–6 mm in diameter, keeled ventrally, flattened dorsally; valves papery, very densely black hairy.

      *Picea-forests, among srubs, meadows, 3450–4760 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

41. Astragalus xitaibaicus (K.T.Fu) Podlech & L.-R.Xu, Novon 14: 224. 2004.

西太白黄耆 xi tai bai huang qi

Î÷Ì«°×»ÆêÈ

A. monadelphus subsp. xitaibaicus K.T.Fu.

      Plants 12–22 cm tall, totally glabrous with exception of inner side of calyx teeth and the legumes. Stems several, up to 4 mm thick. Stipule greenish-membranous with narrowly hyaline margins, ovate12–15 mm. Leaves 4–8 cm, petiole 0.7–2 cm, the rachis at the base of the leaflets mostly with stipelle-like entire or fringed, linear to narrowly triangular emergences 0.5–2.5 mm long and / or with distinctly stalked minute glands. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 10–18 X 5–9 mm, rounded. Peduncles 4–7.5 cm. Racemes 8–11-flowered. Bracts narrowly ovate, ca. 10 mm. Calyx campanulate, 7.5–9 mm; teeth subulate, 2.5–3 mm, hairy on inner side. Petals yellow. Standard ca. 11 X 5–6 mm, obovate. Wings ca. 11 mm. Keel ca. 10 mm. Stamen-tube closed, monadelphous. Legumes with a stipe 5–6 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, shortly attenuate at both ends, ca. 1,5 cm long; valves hairy.

      *Alpine grasslands, 2800–3300 m. Shaanxi.

9. Sect. Pseudosesbanella Podlech, Feddes Repert. 117: 230. 2006.

扁荚组 bian jia zu

A. sect. Sesbanella Bunge p.p. (excl. typus).

Plants with well developped, prostrate to erect stems. Hairs basifixed. Stipules free. Hairs, if present, basifixed. Stipules free. Bracts persistent. Bracteoles present, minute. Calyx campanulate. Stigma hairy. Legumes stipitate, distinctly to strongly compressed laterally, unilocular or incompletely to completely bilocular.

1a.    Plants subglabrous; leaflets in 15-20 pairs; calyx and legumes glabrous                               43. A. hoffmeisteri

1b.    Plants covered with spreading hairs; leaflets in 6–11 pairs; calyx and legumes hairy                42. A. falconeri

42. Astragalus falconeri Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 4. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 2. 1869].

侧扁黄耆 ce bian huang qi

²à±â»ÆêÈ

A. badachschanicus Borissova; A. hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Ali var. pilosulus Ali; A. falconeri var. paucistrigosus K.T.Fu.

Plants ± densely covered with mostly spreading white hairs. Stems several to many, 15-40 cm long, prostrate to ascending or erect, 1–3.5 mm thick, hairy. Stipules 1.5–8 mm, semicordate or orbicular, ± long acuminate, hairy on both sides. Leaves 1.5–5 cm long, subsessile; rachis hairy. Leaflets in 6–11 pairs, obovate, 3–11 X 1.5–6 mm, retuse to emarginate, on both sides rather densely covered with spreading white hairs. Peduncles 2.5–6 cm long, loosely to densely hairy. Racemes at anthesis 2–3 cm, loosely 3–14-flowered, at fruiting time up to 5 cm. Bracts, linear, 1–2 mm, ciliate.. Bracteoles, 0.25–0.5 mm, often indistinct. Calyx 4.5–6 mm, sparsely to loosely covered with ± spreading, white or mixed white and dark violet hairs; teeth unequal, 1–3 mm. Petals pale yellow, at the apex often pale to dark violet, all of nearly the same length. Standard 9.5–13 X 6.5–9 mm, widely elliptic to suborbicular, retuse to emarginate. Style below and at the stigma densely hairy. Legumes with a stipe 4–7 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 12–18 mm long, 4–7 mm high, compressed laterally, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, incompletely to nearly completely bilocular; valves thin, densely covered with spreading white hairs, glabrescent with age.

2400-3800 m. Xizang [NE Afghanistan, Kashmir, Pakistan, Tajikistan].

43. Astragalus hoffmeisteri (Klotzsch) Ali, Kew Bull. 13: 304. 1958.

疏花黄耆 shu hua huang qi

Phaca hoffmeisteri Klotzsch; A. tsataensis C.C.Ni & P.C.Li

Plants 30–70 cm tall, subglabrous, with few appressed, mostly white hairs. Stems up to 5 mm thick, branched, glabrous or at the base loosely hairy. Stipules 3–15 mm, semicordate or obliquely ovate, glabrous or sparsely ciliate. Leaves 4–13 cm long, petiole short, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 15–20 pairs, widely obovate to obcordate, 1.5–7.5(–13) X 1–8(–12) mm, retuse to emarginate, glabrous or on underside and the margins sparsely hairy. Peduncles at anthesis (4–)6–12 cm, later on strongly elongating, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Racemes at anthesis 4–10(–14) cm, very loosely 5–20-flowered, at fruiting time elongating to 14–22 cm. Bracts 1–2.5 mm, ciliate. Bracteoles 0.25–1 mm. Calyx 3.5–5 mm, glabrous; teeth unequal, 1–2 mm, sparsely white hairy. Petals pale yellow, often with violet tip when dry, nearly all of same length. Standard 8–11 X 5.5–7 mm, widely obovate, retuse to slightly emarginate. Stigma densely hairy. Legumes with a stipe 5–8 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 15–22 mm long, 4–5.5 mm high, strongly compressed laterally, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, nearly unilocular, with a narrow septum; valves thin, glabrous.

      Dry, stony slopes, 2400-4560 m. Xizang [NE Afghanistan, Kashmir].

10. Sect. Coluteocarpus Boiss., Fl. Or. 2: 11. 1872.

泡果组 pao guo zu

A. sect. Robusti E.Peter; A. sect. Sesbanella ser. Robusti (E.Peter) K.T.Fu.

Plants with a well developped, stout stem. Stipules free from the petiole and from each other but often distinctly widened at the base and up to nearly fully amplexicaul. Racemes with a distinct peduncle, densely many-flowered. Bracts soon falling. Bracteoles present. Stigma hairy, sometimes only minutely. Legumes with a long stipe, glabrous, inflated, incompletely to completely bilocular.

1a.    Plant glabrous or with few scattered hairs only; petals white yellowish; legumes 2.5–4 cm, with short beak, strongly compressed laterally  44. A. dshinensis

1b.    Plants in most parts at least sparsely hairy; petals violet; legumes 4–6.4 cm long, with a beak 3–5 mm, inflated                                                 45. A. hoantschy

44. Astragalus dschinensis Gontscharov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 10: 30. 1947.

边垂黄耆  bian chui huang qi

±ßÚï»ÆêÈ

A. hoantschy Franchet subsp. dschinensis (Gontscharov) K.T.Fu.

Plants 30–65 cm tall, glabrous or with few scattered white or black spreading hairs 1–2 mm. Stem up to 6 mm thick. Stipules 6–10(–15) mm, widely triangular-ovate, at the base unilaterally auriculated. Leaves 12–27 cm, petiole 0.6–3 cm. Leaflets in 7–10(–14) pairs, widely elliptic to widely obovate, (5–)10–17 X (4–)8–15 mm, rounded to emarginate. Peduncles 12–17 cm. Racemes 7–15 cm, at fruiting time up to 25 cm, loosely 6–15-flowered. Bracts soon falling, whitish-membranous, 5–7 mm. Bracteoles linear, 1–2 mm. Calyx 10–13 mm; teeth unequal, 3–5 mm. Petals pale yellowish-white, nearly of equal length. Standard 20–25 x 11–13 mm, widely ovate, emarginate. Style below the stigma with very short white hairlets. Legumes with a stipe 10–15 mm, obliquely narrowly ellipsoid, (2.5–)3.5–4 cm long, 8–10 mm high, compressed laterally, keeled ventrally, narrowly rounded dorsally, with a short beak, incompletely to nearly completely bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      900-2500 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia].

45. Astragalus hoantchy Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 5: 238 (Pl. Davidian. 1: 86). 1883.

乌拉特黄耆 wu la te huang qi

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A. hedinii Ulbrich.

Plants up to 100 cm tall or more, with short and few long appressed to spreading white, in the inflorescence also dark brown hairs. Stem 4–8 mm thick, erect, loosely to rather densely covered with ± spreading, rigid hairs 0.8–2(–2.5) mm. Stipules 6–11 mm, often spreading or reflexed, with long, spreading, white or white and blackish hairs. Leaves 10–24 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely to loosely white hairy. Leaflets in 7–11 pairs, widely elliptic, 7–26 X 4–20 mm, truncate to retuse, with a minute but distinct cusp, glabrous or underside sparsely to loosely white hairy. Peduncles at anthesis 8–12 cm, elongating up to 20 cm with age, glabrous or with hairs 1–3 mm. Racemes 1.5–6 cm, rather densely 10–17-flowered, elongating in fruit to 8–10 cm. Bracts soon falling, 4–10 mm, ciliate. Bracteoles 0.5–6 mm. Calyx 11–13 mm, at the base with dark brownish hairs in upper part nearly glabrous; teeth unequal, 2–3 5 mm. Petals purplish, pink or violet. Standard 19–26 X 11–14 mm, ovate or elliptic, emarginate. Wings 19–26 mm. Keel 17–23 mm. Stigma covered with white hairs up to 1 mm long. Legumes with a stipe 10–14 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 4.5–6.4 cm long, 0.8–1.4 cm high and wide, keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, with a beak 3–5 mm, incompletely to completely bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

*1400-2400 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai.

11. Sect. Chlorostachys Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 27. 1868.

绿穗组lv sui zu

ÂÌËëÑÇ×é

A. sect. Diplotheca Bunge; A. sect. Nigricantes N.D.Simpson;

      Plants perennial, caulescent, with ± long stems. Hairs basifixed, white or dark brown to blackish-brown. Stipules free from petiole, mostly green or greenish, vaginate-connate behind the stem or free from each other. Leaves nearly sessile or with a short petiole. Racemes mostly several in one stem, with a long peduncle, densely (1-)4-many-flowered. Bracts persistent or early falling. Flowers pedicellate. Bracteoles often present. Calyx campanulate to shortly tubular, slightly obliquely gibbous at the base, obliquely cut at the mouth. Petals yellow or violet. Standard rounded to emarginate. Keel often longer than wings. Ovary stipitate; style and stigma glabrous. Legumes subsessile to distinctly stipitate, mostly ± keeled ventrally, rounded, obtusely keeled or grooved dorsally, unilocular or incompletely to completely bilocular.

1a.    Stipules 30-70 mm, behind the stem connate up to the top                                                          63. A, stipulatus

1b.    Stipules shorter, not connate nearly to the top, if shortly connate, then considerably shorter

   2a.        Stipules 10–45 mm, the two of one leave strongly unequal                                                  53. A. graveolens

   2b.    Stipules at most up to 20(-25) mm but mostly distinctly shorter, equal

      3a.    Stipules of the main stem highly connate behind the stem

         4a.     Bracts 2–3 mm; calyx 8–10 mm, glabrous                                                                           61. A. moupinensis

         4b.    Bracts 5–6 mm; calyx 6–7 mm, loosely to densely white and black hairy
                                                                                                                                                             54. A. hancockii

      3b.    Stipules of the main stem free from each other, sometimes shortly connate in leaves of the side-branches or in front of the petiole  

         5a.     Leaflets hairy on upper side, sometimes in some leaves glabrous

             6a.    Leaflets 8–10 x 4–5 mm; rachis and peduncle covered with ± spreading hairs              59. A. matiensis

             6b.    Leaflets distinctly larger, at least 10 mm and up to 35(–40) mm; rachis and peduncles covered with appressed to slightly ascending hairs

                7a.     Stem 1–3 mm in diameter; calyx 4–6.5 mm, its teeth 0.5–1.5 mm or sometimes indistinct                                                                                          49. A. chlorostachys

                7b.    Stem (2–)4–6(–8) mm in diameter, often hollow; calyx 6–9 mm; at least its longer teeth 1.5–3 mm

                   8a.    Plants in vegetative parts only with white hairs                                                          55. A. khasianus

                   8b.    Plants in vegetative parts with white and black or predominantly blackish brown hairs                  

                      9a.     Stem unbranched; stipules all free; bracts persistent; stigma glabrous
                                                                                                                 48. A. chengkangensis Podlech & L.R.Xu

9b.    Stems strongly branched; stipules in non-flowering side-branches often connate behind the stem or in front of the petiole; bracts soon falling; stigma shortly papillose 50. A. concretus

         5b.    Leaflets of all leaves glabrous on upper side

             10a.  Plants completely glabrous, only leaflet's underside just after developpment sparsely hairy but soon also glabrous                 46. A. basiflorus

             10b.  Plants hairy at least in parts when fully developped

                11a.   Calyx glabrous or only between and at the teeth sparsely and shortly ciliate

                   12a.  Leaflets in 5–7 pairs; peduncles 14–18 cm; calyx purple red; petals reddis brown; ovaty densely black hairy                  57. A. lamalaensis

                   12b.  Leaflets in (6–)8–18 pairs; peduncles up to 4.5 cm; calyx not purple red; petals yellow to green yellow; legumes glabrous

                      13a.  Stipules in main stem ca. 5 mm, in side-branches 2–3 mm; leaflets 4–7 mm, truncate to retuse; bracts 1–3 mm; calyx ca. 4 mm; standard 9 X 5 mm                                                                                                  47. A. brachytrichus

                      13b.  Stipules 6–16 mm; leaflets 8–15 mm, rounded; bracts 4–5 or 6–12 mm; calyx at least 4 mm but mostly longer; standard 11–13 X 7 mm

                         14a.  Bracts 4–5 mm; calyx 4–6 mm, glabrous, its teeth ca. 1.5 mm; legumes with a stipe ca. 4 mm, 12 mm long and 5 mm high   58. A. lucidus

14b.  Bracts 6–12 mm; calyx 6–10 mm, its teeth 2-4 mm, between and at the teeth shortly black ciliate; legumes with a stipe 5–11 mm, 10–20 mm long and 6–12 mm high
                                                                                                                                 60. A. minshanensis

                11b.  Calyx hairy

                   15a.  Calyx 9–11 mm, with teeth 4–5 mm; standard ca. 18 mm                                              65. A. zadaensis

                   15b.  Calyx at most 9 mm but mostly distinctly shorter, its teeth up to 3 mm; standard shorter, up to 15 mm

                      16a.   Bracts 1.5–3 mm; calyx 3–5 mm; bracteoles absent

                         17a.  Stems in lower parts rather densely covered with spreading white hairs 0.5–1 mm and with few appressed black hairs 0.3–0.4 mm, partly glabrescent and in older parts to completely glabrous, in upper parts sparsely to loosely covered with short appressed black hairs 0.3–0.5 mm; petals cream, sometimes flushed violet; standard 13 X 5 mm, with slightly distinct short tongue-like tip, below the middle slightly constricted
                                                                                                                      62. A. rhododendrophilus

                         17b.  Stems glabrous at the base, in the upper parts rather densely covered with curly, subappressed hairs 0.1–0.25 mm; petals yellow; standard 9-11 X 5.5-7.5 mm, rhombic-ovate                                                                                                                      56. A. kialensis

                      16b.  Bracts at least 4 mm and up to 10(–17) mm; calyx longer; bracteoless often present

                         18a.  Stems strongly branched; stipules in non-flowering side-branches often connate behind the stem or in front of the petiole; bracts soon falling; stigma shortly papillose                                                                        50. A. concretus

                         18b.  Stems not strongly branched; stipules all free from each other; stigma glabrous

                            19a.  Leaflets in 7–9 pairs; petals cream, sometimes flushed with red; stipules 5–7 mm
                                                                                                                                                         64. A. tumbatsicus

                            19b.  Leaflets in at least 10 but mostly in distinctly more pairs; petals yellow; stipules 8–16 mm

                                20a-  Stems 1.5–2 mm thick; bracts glabrous; bracteoles, if present, 0.4–1 mm; stipules glabrous or very sparsely ciliate at the margins                                                                                                          51. A. dumetorum

                                20b.  Stems 2–6 mm thick; bracts; bracteoles mostly present, 1.5–3 mm; stipules sparsely to loosely hairy or long ciliate at the margins

                                   21a.  Stipules sparsely to loosely white and black hairy; leaflets in 15–19 pairs; bracts predominantly black hairy, persistent; calyx 5–6 mm; standard 10–12 mm; ovary (and unknown legumes) with a short stipe        52. A. forrestii

                                  21b.  Stipules long spreading ciliate at the margins; leaflets in 10–13 pairs; bracts white ciliate, soon falling; calyx 6–8 mm; standard 13–15 mm; legumes with a stipe 5–6.5 mm                        55. A. khasianus

46. Astragalus basiflorus E.Peter, Acta Horti Gothoburg. 12: 65. 1937.

地花黄耆 di hua huang qi

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      Plants ca. 30 cm tall, glabrous with exception of leaflets and innerside of calyx teeth. Stems ascending to procumbent, 1–1.2 mm thick. Stipules 6–10 mm, free. Leaves 6–11 cm, petiole 1.5–2.5 cm. Leaflets in 7–11 pairs, ± elliptic, 6–13 X 2–7 mm, rounded to subacute, mostly with a minute cusp, in the youth covered on underside with ± spreading, asymmetrically bifurcate to basifixed white hairs 0.7–1.5 mm long, very soon glabrescent and later on completely glabrous. Peduncles in the axil of the lower leaves only, 2.5–6 cm. Racemes densely 5–8 flowered. Bracts 6–10 mm . Bracteoles 1–2 mm, soon falling. Calyx 8–9 mm; teeth unequal, 2.5-3 mm, glabrous outside, with black, basifixed hairs on inner side. Petals ? purplish. Standard 13–14 X ca. 4 mm, narrowly obovate. Wings 12–13 mm. Keel 12–13 mm. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe ca. 10 mm, ellipsoid-curved, ca. 20 mm long and 6 mm high, laterally compressed, acutely keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally.

*2300 m. Gansu, Qinghai. A little known species and provisionally assigned to this section.

47. Astragalus brachytrichus Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 232. 2007.

短毛黄耆 duan mao huang qi

Plants at least 35 cm tall (basal parts missing). Stem branched, 1.5 mm thick, glabrous, those of side-branches sparsely covered with subappressed white hairs 0.15–0.3 mm. Stipules ca. 5 mm, in side-branches 2–3 mm, free, at the margins and tip sparsey white and black hairy. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis sparsely to loosely hairy. Leaflets in 8–15 pairs, elliptic, 4–7 X 2–3.5 mm, truncate to retuse, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely appressed hairy at the margins and midrib. Peduncles 3–4.5 cm, sparsely hairy. Racemes 2–3 cm, rather densely 12–15-flowered. Bracts 1–3 mm, sparsely hairy. Calyx ca. 4 mm, glabrous or with scattered black hairs only; teeth unequal, the abaxial ca. 2 mm, the adaxial ca. 1 mm. Petals greenish yellow. Standard ca. 9 X 5 mm, obovate, emarginate. Wings & keel ca. 8 mm. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe 3–4 mm, obliquely ellipsoid, ca. 10–12 mm, incompletely bilocular; valves membranous, glabrous.

      *Xizang.

48. Astragalus chengkangensis Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 232. 2007.

??????????????????????

      Plant ca. 110 cm tall. Stem ca. 4 mm in diameter, hollow, glabrous. Stipules 1–1.5 cm, free, white hairy at the margins and tip. Leaves 10–17 cm, petiole 2–2.5 cm, like the rachis sparsely to rather loosely covered with subappressed to ascending, white and black hairs up to 1 mm. Leaflets in 8–11 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 15–30 X 5–13 mm, rounded, minutely mucronulate, upper side mostly sparsely appressed hairy, underside loosely, at the margins more densely covered with white hairs 0.2–0.5 mm. Peduncles 8–12 cm, hairy like the rachis. Racemes rather densely 12–22-flowered, elongating after anthesis. Bracts 7–11 mm, loosely white and black hairy, ± persistent. Bracteoles 2–3 mm. Calyx ca. 8 mm, rather densely covered with subappressed to ascending, predominantly black hairs 0.2–0.8 mm; teeth ca. 2 mm long. Petals yellow. Standard 16–17 X ca. 7 mm, obovate, emarginate, slightly constricted below the middle, claw ca. 5 mm. Wings & keel ca. 15 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 5 mm, linear, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *Yunnan [Chengkang snow range, 2900 m]

Note: This species is put into sect. Chlorostachys provisionally because it is not clear if the fruit is unilocular or bilocular. In habit and most characters it resembles A. dumetorum and not any species of sect. Cenantrum with glabrous Ovary.

49. Astragalus chlorostachys Lindley, Trans. Soc. Hort. London 7: 249. 1830.

绿穗黄耆lv sui huang qi

ÂÌËë»ÆêÈ

Hedysarum strobiliferum J.G.Baker; A. bakeristrobiliferus H.Ohashi; A. microdontus J.G.Baker.

      Plants 40–100 cm tall, with appressed to spreading, white to dark brown hairs. Stems 1–1.5 mm thick, erect, hairy, often glabrescent with age. Stipules 3–13(–16) mm, narrowly triangular to ovate, mostly spreading, free or in lateral branches sometimes shortly vaginate-connate behind the stem, hairy. Leaves 6–17 cm, petiole (0.4-)1.6–2.5 cm, like the rachis glabrous or hairy. Leaflets in 6–11(–13) pairs, elliptic, 9–40 X 4–20 mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, on both sides loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to subappressed white or yellowish hairs, upper side sometimes glabrescent. Peduncles 4–8 cm, elongating up to 13 cm with age, with short hairs. Racemes densely many-flowered, later on elongating to 4–11(–14) cm. Bracts soon falling, 3–8 mm, hairy. Bracteoles 0.25–1.5 mm, sometimes absent. Calyx 4–6.5 mm, densely covered with covered with appressed to ascending, dark brown and white hairs; teeth mostly unequal, triangular, 0.5–1.5 mm, sometimes indistinct. Petals pale yellow, all nearly of same length. Standard 10–13 X 4–6(–7) mm, elliptic to rhombic-elliptic or obovate, retuse to emarginate. Style with glabrous or very shortly hairy stigma. Legumes with a stipe 6–9 mm, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, 15–31 mm long, 3.5–5.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally and dorsally, with a beak 2–4 mm, incompletely to completely bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

1800-4350 m. Xizang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].

50. Astragalus concretus Bentham, in Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. Mount.: 199. 1835.

合生黄耆 he sheng huang qi

½£¹û»ÆêÈ

A. vicioides J.G.Baker; A. xiphocarpus Bunge.

      Plants 50–100 cm tall, hairy. Stems 3–8 mm thick, mostly strongly branched, covered rather densely with predominantly dark brownish hairs. Stipules membranous, soon falling, 7–25 mm, in lateral branches often vaginate-connate behind the stem or connate befor the petiole up to 10 mm, sparsely to loosely hairy or glabrous. Leaves 8–20 cm, petiole short, like the rachis, with white and dark brown hairs. Leaflets in 10–14 pairs, oblong to narrowly elliptic, 12–30(–40) X 4–10(–12) mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, upper side glabrous or sparsely to loosely appressed hairy, underside loosely hairy. Peduncles 4–10 cm, predominantly dark brown-hairy to nearly glabrous. Racemes 2–5 cm, densely 8–32-flowered. Bracts soon falling, 4–10(–17) mm, white and dark hairy. Bracteoles 1–4 mm. Calyx 6–9 mm, rather densely covered with appressed to ascending perdominantly dark brown hairs; teeth mostly unequal, 1–3 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 11–15 X 5–7 mm, obovate, indistinctly emarginate. Wings 12–15 mm. Keel 11–13 mm. Stigma with very short hairs. Legumes with a stipe 6–9 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, straight or distinctly curved, 25–44 mm long, 3.5–6 mm high and 3–4.5 mm wide, keeled ventrally, slightly grooved dorsally, with a conspicuous beak 6–11 mm, bilocular; valves thin, yellowish to blackish-brown, glabrous.

2500-4000 m. Xizang [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

51. Astragalus dumetorum H.Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 555. 1933.

灌丛黄耆 guan cong huang qi

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      Plants 30–90 cm tall, very sparsely to sometimes loosely covered with subappressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems several, 1.5–2 mm thick, ascending, simple or with short non-flowering side-branches, glabrous or up to loosely hairy. Stipules 8–15 mm long, glabrous or ciliate. Leaves 7–17 cm long, petiole short, like the rachis very sparsely white and black hairy. Leaflets in 12–16 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–18 X 3–8 mm, rounded to truncate, on upper side glabrous, on underside hairy at the margins and at the midvein or allover. Peduncles 6–11 cm long, sparsely white and black hairy or subglabrous. Racemes shortly cylindric, 3–6 cm long, densely many-flowered, in fruit elongated up to 15 cm. Bracts 5–8 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles sometimes present, 0.4–1 mm long, like the bracts soon falling. Calyx ca. 6 mm long, at the base densely, otherwhise sparsely or allover rather densely white or black hairycovered with short black hairs; teeth mostly unequal, 1.5–3 mm long. Petals yellow. Standard 10–11 X 7 mm, widely obovate, emarginate. Wings & keel 9–10 mm. Stigma glabrous. Legumes with a stipe 6–7 mm, obliquely ellipsoid, 11–17 mm long, 7–8 mm high and 3–4 mm wide, keeled ventrally, slightly grooved dorsally, with a curved beak 2–4 mm, bilocular; valves thin, brown to blackish, glabrous.

      *3900-4350 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

52. Astragalus forrestii N.D.Simpson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 124. 1913.

中甸黄耆 zhong dian huang qi

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Plants 45–70 cm tall, with mostly ± curly hairs 0.2–0.5(–0.8) mm. Stems several, branched, to 6 mm thick, loosely to densely covered with very short black and somewhat longer white hairs. Stipules 8–12 mm, sparsely to loosely white and black hairy. Leaves 8–15 cm, subsessile; rachis loosely to rather densely mostly black hairy. Leaflets in 15–19 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 8–23 X 3–8 mm, upper side glabrous, underside loosely appressed, mostly white hairy. Peduncles 3–8 cm, ± densely black hairy. Racemes 4–7 cm, very densely many-flowered, later on elongating up to 10 cm. Bracts linear-acute, 7–10 mm, predominantly black hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present, linear, 2–3 mm. Calyx 5–6 mm, mostly glabrous at the base, toward the teeth with few black hairs or allover ± loosely predominantly black hairy; teeth unequal, 1–2.5 mm. Petals green yellow. Standard 10–12 X 6–7 mm, rhombic-obovate, emarginate. Wings & keel 9–10 mm long. Legumes with a stipe up to 2 mm, 10-12 mm long, inflated, bilocular, glabrous.

      *2750-3250 m. Sichuan, W Yunnan.

53. Astragalus graveolens Bentham, in Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. Mount.: 199. 1835.

烈香黄耆 lie xiang huang qi

ÁÒÏã»ÆêÈ

A. rotundifolius Bentham, non Willd.; A. bodinieri H.Léveillé

      Plants 60–90(–120) cm tall, very sparsely hairy. Stem 4–6.5 mm thick, erect, hollow, mostly branched, glabrous. Stipules 1–4.5 cm long, glabrous, the two stipules of one leaf often distinctly different in form and length. Leaves 10–25 cm, petiole short, like the rachis glabrous. Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, ovate to obovate, 10–30 X 9–16 mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, glabrous or on underside with few appressed white hairs. Peduncles 5–8 cm, elongating up to 16 cm with age, glabrous. Racemes at anthesis 5–10 cm long, rather densely 20–50-flowered, later on elongating to 15–30 cm. Bracts narrowly triangular, soon falling, 2.5–7 mm, glabrous or ciliate. Bracteoles mostly absent, if present minute, ca. 0.5 mm. Calyx 8–10.5 mm, glabrous; teeth mostly unequal, 1–5 mm. Petals pale yellow. Standard 15–19 X 5.5–8 mm, oblong or obovate, retuse to emarginate. Wings 15–18 mm. Keel 14–15.5 mm. Stigma glabrous or with few short hairs. Legumes with a stipe 6–10 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 2.–5 cm long, 4–8 mm high, compressed laterally, keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, with a short beak, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      Stony slopes, light coniferous forests, 500-2700 m. Yunnan [E Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal].

54. Astragalus hancockii Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 26: 471. 1880.

短花梗黄耆 duan hua geng huang qi

¶Ì»¨¹£»ÆêÈ

A. saxicola Ulbrich.

Plants 20–35 cm tall, in vegetative parts subglabrous, with hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems at the base up to 3 mm thick. Lowest stipules ovate acuminate, ca. 6 mm, the upper ones narrowly triangular, 8–12 mm, all or only the lower ones high up vaginate-connate behind the stem. Leaves 4–9 cm; rachis subglabrous, only at the insertion of the leaflets mostly with a little tuft of short white ore rarely blackish hairs. Leaflets in 3–7 pairs, elliptic. rounded to emarginate, 10–22 X 3–10 mm, upper side dull green, underside more grey-green with darker venation. Peduncles 8–14 cm, glabrous. Racemes densely many-flowered, strongly elongated, up to 12 cm in fruit. Bracts whitish, linear acuminate, 5–6 mm, sparsely black hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present, minute. Calyx campanulate-tubular, 6–7 mm, loosely to densely covered with short blackish and whitish hairs; teeth 3–3.5 mm. Petals pale yellow to whitish or purplish. Standard 14–17 X 5–6 mm, oblong to elliptic. Wings 11–13 mm. Keel 8–10 mm. Legumes with a stipe 5–6 mm, obliquely elliptic to nearly narrowly semicircular seen from the side, with strongly curved ventral edge and nearly straight dorsal edge, strongly compressed laterally, 10–15 mm long, 5–6 mm high, sharply keeled ventrally, unilocular; valves glabrous, brownish.

*Bejing, Hebei.

55. Astragalus khasianus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 27. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 32. 1869].

长果颈黄耆 chang guo jing huang qi

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A. englerianus Ulbrich; A. englerianus var. longiflorus C.Chen & Z.G.Qian; A. englerianus var. gingdongensis Z.G.Qian; A. duclouxii N.D.Simpson.

Plants 30–100 cm tall, with appressed to partly spreading white, in the inflorescenec also dark brown hairs. Stem 2–5 mm thick, branched, erect, hollow, glabrous or loosely hairy. Stipules 8–16 mm, often nearly amplexicaul, at the margins with long, spreading hairs. Leaves 8–11.5 cm, petiole 1.4–2.6 cm, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 10–13 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 12–28(–35) X 4–9(–12) mm, obtuse, upper side glabrous or sparely to loosely, underside more densely hairy. Peduncles 6–18 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy. Racemes 4–8 cm, rather loosely 15–30-flowered. Bracts soon falling, whitish-membranous, 4–8 mm, white-ciliate. Bracteoles 1.5–2.5 mm, subulate, soon falling. Calyx 6–8 mm, loosely to rather densely hairy; teeth unequal, 1–3 mm. Petals yellow or yellowish-brown. Standard 13–15 X 6.5–7.5 mm, oblong or elliptic, emarginate. Wings 13–15 mm. Keel 13–15 mm. Legumes with a stipe 5–7 mm, obliquely narrowly ellipsoid, 18–25 mm long, 5–7.5 mm high, obtusely keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, with a beak 2–4 mm, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      1600-3500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Burma, NE India].

56. Astragalus kialensis N.D.Simpson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 242. 1915.

苦黄耆 ku huang qi

¿à»ÆêÈ

A. forrestii N.D.Simpson var. minor H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu.

Plants 40–50 cm tall, appressed to subappressed, white and dark brown hairy. Stem up to 2 mm thick, branched, erect, hollow, glabrous at the base, in upper parts rather densely covered with curly hairs 0.1–0.25 mm. Stipules 3–5 mm, white and black ciliate. Leaves 3.5–5.5 cm, petiole short, rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 10–18 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 3–8 X 1.5–3.5 mm, obtuse, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely to loosely hairy. Peduncles 2–5 cm, hairy. Racemes 2–3 cm, densely 10–15-flowered. Bracts 1.5–2.5 mm, blackish brown hairy, persistent. Bracteoles 1–2 mm, subulate. Calyx 4–5 mm, with appressed blackish-brown hairs; teeth unequal, 0.5–2 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 9–11 X 5.5–7.5 mm, widely obovate, emarginate. Wings 8–9 mm. Keel 7.5–9 mm. Stigma glabrous. Legumes with a stipe 3–4 mm, obliquely narrowly ellipsoid, 6–13 mm long, 3.5–4.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, shallowly grooved dorsally, with a beak ca. 1 mm, bilocular; valves glabrous.

      *3000-3850 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

57. Astragalus lamalaensis C.C.Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 232. 1987.

拉马拉黄耆 la ma la huang qi

Plants 30-40 cm tall. Stems 25-30 cm, nearly glabrous. Stipules green, 8-18 x 3–7 mm, ovate, glabrous. Leaves 5-12 cm, petiole ca. 2 cm, like the rachis glabrous to subglabrous. Leaflets in 5-7 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 5-20 X 4-10 mm, hairy only on the midvein of underside. Peduncles 14-18 cm, glabrous. Racemes 5-8-flowered. Bracts narrowly triangular, black hairy. Calyx ca. 6 mm, campanulate, purple-red, nearly glabrous; teeth narrowly triangular, 2-3 mm. Petals reddish brown. Standard 8-10 X ca. 6 mm, obovate, emarginate. Wings nearly as long as the standard. Keel 7-9 mm. Ovary densely black hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *4200 m. Xizang.

58. Astragalus lucidus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser. 9: 262. 1940.

光萼黄耆guang e huang qi

¹âÝà»ÆêÈ

      Plants 40–60 cm tall. Stem erect, up to 4 mm in diameter, sparsely covered with white hairs ca. 0.3 mm or subglabrous. Stipules 7–16 mm, free, glabrous. Leaves 6–12 cm, petiole 1–1.5 cm. Leaflets in 9–16 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 6–20 X 2.5–7 mm, rounded, upper side glabrous, underside at the margin and at the midvein sparsely hairy. Peduncle 3–4 cm. Racemes ca. 2.5 cm, 10–25-flowered. Bracts membranous, narrowly elliptic, 4–5 x 2 mm, sparsely hairy. Calyx 4–5 mm, glabrous or between and at the teeth shortly black ciliate; teeth unequal, 1.5–3 mm. Petals greenish yellow. Standard ca. 11 X 7 mm, widely rhombic-obovate, deeply incised. Wings ca. 9 mm. Keel ca. 8.5 mm. Legumes with a stipe 3–4 mm, obliquely ellipsoid, somewhat curved, ca. 12 mm long, 5 mm high, 4 mm wide, incompletely bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      *2700-3850 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

59. Astragalus matiensis P.C.Li, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 11: 294. 1989.

马蹄黄耆 ma ti huang qi

ÂíÌã»ÆêÈ

      Plants 35–45 cm tall, with somewhat rigid, white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.5–1 mm. Stem erect, 2 mm thick, sparsely to rather densely covered with spreading hairs. Stipules 6–7 mm, free, sparsely to loosely hairy on both sides. Leaves 10–13 cm, subsesssile; rachis slender, loosely spreading hairy. Leaflets in 10–12 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, retuse, 8–10 X 4–5 mm, upper side sparsely, underside loosely covered with subappressed to ascending hairs. Peduncles ca. 10 cm, with spreading, white hairs. Racemes ca. 5 cm, rather loosely up to 20-flowered. Bracts green, ovate-acuminate, 2–4 mm, mostly white hairy. Calyx 4–5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed to ascending white and somewhat shorter black hairs; teeth unequal, 1.5-2.5 mm. Petals yellow or bluish purple, drying to yellowish. Standard 12–14 X 7 mm, ovate, deeply emarginate. Wings 9–12 mm. Keel 11–13 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 3 mm, densely white hairy; style and stigma glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *2750 m. Sichuan.

60. Astragalus minshanensis K.T.Fu, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 11(4): 341. 1991.

岷山黄耆 min shan huang qi

A. xiqingshanicus Y.H.Wu

      Plants 15-20 cm tall, loosely caespitose, subglabrous, partly with scattered, very short hairs. Stems several, ascending or erect, slender. Stipules 8-12 mm. Leaves 8-10 cm, petiole 1.5-2.5 cm. Leaflets in 13-18 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 8-12 X 3-6 mm, subobtuse, underside sometimes at the main nerves appressed hairy, ciliate at the margins. Peduncles (1-)4-4.5 cm, sparsely appressed white hairyor subglabrous. Racemes (1-)5-12-flowered. Bracts persistent, membranous, 6-9 mm, narrowly ovate, sparsely black ciliate. Calyx 6-7.5 mm, between and at the teeth shortly black ciliate; teeth 2-3 mm. Flowers unknown. Legumes with a a stipe 5-11 mm, obliquely ellipsoid-inflated, 10-20 mm long, 7-11 mm high, ca. 5-7 mm wide, subobtuse ventrally, narrowly grooved dorsally, with a slender beak 1.5-2 mm, bilocular; valves thinly coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so.

*4000 m. Gansu, Qinghai.

61. Astragalus moupinensis Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 8: 213. 1885.

天全黄耆 tian quan huang qi

ÌìÈ«»ÆêÈ

      Plants up to 100 cm tall, glabrous. Stem erect. Stipules 10–15 mm, behind the stem mostly high up connate. Leaves 7–10 cm, petiole 1–2 cm. Leaflets in 5–8 pairs, remote, elliptic to obovate, 7–15 X 4–7 mm long, widely rounded. Peduncles (3–)5–7 cm. Racemes ad anthesis to 5 cm, loosely 10–many-flowered, later on strongly elongated. Bracts whitish-membranaceous, linear-acute, 2–3 mm. Calyx 8–10 mm; teeth 2–3.5 mm. Petals pale yellowish to yellow. Standard ca. 14 X 5 mm, rhombic-elliptic, obtuse. Wings ca. 13 mm. Keel ca. 11 mm. Legumes (immature) stipitate, attenuate at both ends, at least 20 mm long.

      *Sichuan, Yunnan.

62. Astragalus rhododendrophilus Podlech & L.-R.Xu, Sendtnera 7: 170. 2001.

杜鹃黄耆 du juan huang qi

¶Å¾éÒ¶»ÆêÈ

      Plants 50–60 cm tall. Stem 1–3 mm in diameter, hollow, sparsely to rather densely covered with ± spreading, white hairs 0.5–1 mm and with appressed black hairs 0.3–0.4 mm, glabrescent with age. Stipules 5–9 mm, free, sparsely hairy. Leaves 5–8 cm, subsessile; rachis slender, loosely covered with subappressed to ascending, predominantly black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Leaflets in 10–14 pairs, narrowly elliptic, rounded, 5–13 X 1–3.5 mm, upper side glabrous, underside loosely appressed hairy. Peduncles 6–8 cm, predominantly black hairy. Racemes 4–6 cm, loosely many-flowerd. Bracts whitish, ca. 3 mm, black hairy. Calyx 4–5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed black hairs 0.3–0.6 mm and sometimes also with few white hairs; teeth slightly unequal, 1-1.5 mm. Petals cream (?), sometimes flushed with violet, all of nearly the same length. Standard ca. 13 X 5 mm, elliptic, with a slightly to distinctly tongue-like, emarginate tip. Legumes (immature) with a slender stipe ca. 5 mm, densely covered with ascending white and predominantly black hairs.

      *4070 m. Xizang.

63. Astragalus stipulatus D.Don, Bot. Mag.: t. 2380. 1823.

大托叶黄耆 da tuo ye huang qi

´óÍÐÒ¶»ÆêÈ

      Plants 60–180 cm tall, very scarcely hairy. Stem 3–8(–10) mm in diameter, erect, hollow, glabrous. Stipules foliaceous, (20–)30–70 mm long, widely ovate, behind the stem connate up to the top, free from the petiole, glabrous or ciliate at the margins. Leaves 20–35 cm long, petiole 3–5.5 cm long, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely white hairy. Leaflets in (8–)11–20 pairs, narrowly ovate to narrowly oblong, (15–)20–55 X (4–) 7–18 mm, obtuse to widely retuseon upper side glabrous, on underside loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to ascending white hairs, later on glabrescent, at the margins distinctly ciliate. Peduncles 4–10 cm long, glabrous. Racemes 6–25 cm long, rather densely many (up to more than 100)-flowered. Bracts caducous, whitish-membranous, 4–14 mm long, hairy. Calyx 8–13 mm long, glabrous or loosely to rather densely hairy; teeth unequal, 3–8 mm long. Petals whitish-yellow to yellow, sometimes fading violet. Standard 12–15 X 6–8 mm, widely oblong to obovate, emarginate. Wings 12.5–15 mm long. Keel 12–14 mm long Stigma glabrous or sparsely hairy. Legumes with a stipe 1–2 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly oblong, 18–32 mm long, 4–6 mm high and wide, long acuminate, bilocular; valves thin, yellowish to pale brown, glabrous.

1500-3650 m. Xizang, Yunnan. [Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Nepal].

64. Astragalus tumbatsicus C.Marquand & Airy Shaw, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48: 171. 1929.

东坝子黄耆 dong ba zi huang qi

¶«°Ó×Ó»ÆêÈ

      Plants 60–90 cm tall. Stem branched, ca. 3 mm in diameter, hollow, glabrous in basal parts, otherwise sparsely covered with short appressed black hairs. Stipules 5–7 mm, free, sparsely black ciliate. Leaves on the main stem 8–10 cm, petiole 1–1.5 cm, like the rachis sparsely to loosely appressed to spreading black hairy. Leaflets in 7–9 pairs, elliptic, rounded or slightly emarginate, 10–24 X 4–9 mm, upper side glabrous, underside loosely, in the youth densely covered with short appressed white hairs. Peduncles 6–10 cm, sparsely black hairy. Racemes loosely many-flowered. Bracts greenish, ovate to widely ovate, 4–7 mm, black and white hairy, very soon falling. Calyx 6–7 mm, loosely covered with short appressed to ascending black and white hairs; teeth unequal, 1–2.5 mm. Pertals cream, sometimes flushed with red, all of the same length. Standard 12–13 X 5–6 mm, rectangular-oblong, incised. Ovary with a stipe 3-4 mm, spindle like, glabrous, obviously with a narrow septum. Legumes with a slender stipe 2–5 mm, 10–12 mm long, ca. 4 mm high and 3 mm wide, keeled ventrally, widely and deeply grooved dorsally, with a beak 2–4 mm, nearly completely bilocular; valves rather thin, glabrous.

3350-4100 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal]..

65. Astragalus zadaensis Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 233. 2007.

札达黄耆  zha da huang qi

Plants more than 55 cm tall, covered in vegetative parts with appressed white hairs 0.2–0.5 mm. Stem erect, at the base ca. 4 mm in diameter, finely angular-sulcate, glabrous. Stipules of lower leaves unknown, of upper leaves ca. 5 mm, glabrous or very sparsely white and black hairy, soon falling. Leaves 6–15 cm, nearly sessile; rachis glabrous or with scattered hairs only. Leaflets in 6–8 pairs, elliptic, acuminate-mucronulate, 10–20 X 5–12, both sides glabrous or with scattered hairs only. Peduncles 7–10 cm, with scattered white and black hairs. Racemes 5–7 cm, loosely 10–12-flowered. Bracts narrowly triangular to linear, ca. 2 mm, white and black hairy. Bracteoles 1–2 mm long. Calyx 9–11 mm long, sparsely covered with ascending to spreading black hairs 0.3–0.5 mm; teeth 4–5 mm. Petals pale lilac. Standard ca. 18 X 8 mm. Wings & keel ca. 17 mm. Legumes with a slender stipe 8–10 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 20–25 mm long, ca. 6 mm high, keeled ventrally, narrowly rounded dorsally, shortly acuminate, bilocular; valves membranous, glabrous..

      *Xizang. 3500 m.

12. Sect. Skythropos N.D.Simpson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 255. 1915.

肾形子组 shen xing zi zu

ÉöÐÎ×Ó×é

      Plants perennial, with basifixed, white or dark brown to black hairs. Stems 2-10(-20) cm, rarely plants acaulescent. Stipules free from the petiole, the lower ones sometimes shortly vaginate-connate behind the stem, often scale-like and without leaves in basal parts of the stems. Leaves imparipinnate, with a distinct petiole. Leaflets in 4-17 pairs. Racemes with a rather long peduncle, 1-25-flowered. Bracteoles mostly absent. Petals yellow or violet. Stigma glabrous or hairy. Legumes stipitate, unilocular.

1a.    Petals yellow                                                                                                                                                                     

   2a.     Leaflets in 4-6 pairs                                                                                                                    69. A. nanfengensis

      2b.    Leaflets in (5-)8-15 pairs                                                                                                                                         

         3a.     Plants mostly acaulescent, stems if present up to 1 cm; leaflets on both sides loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed white hairs 0.3-0.5(-0.7) mm; bracts 3-4 mm; calyx 8-9 mm, with teeth 3-4 mm 66. A. datunensis

         3b.    Plants with stems 1-10 cm; bracts 4-10 mm; leaflets on upper side sparsely to loosely hairy or glabrous, rarely densely hairy on both sides; bracts 4–10 mm; calyx 8-14.5 mm, with teeth 4-7.5 mm                                                                  71.. A. yunnanensis

1b.    Petals violet

4a.     Leaflets on upper side glabrous, on undersidesparsely hairy only at the midvein and margins; calyx not violet-suffused or red-brown   70. A. skythropos

   4b.    Leaflets on upper side hairy, if sometimes glabrous, than loosely to rather densely hairy on underside; calyx violet-suffused to red-brown

         5a.     Stipules sparsely to loosely hairy, connate behind the stem and sometimes before the petiole, rarely free from each other; calyx 9-12.5 mm, strongly violet-suffused to red-brown, teeth 4-7 mm; standard 16-26 mm; stigma glabrous     67. A. kongrensis

5b.    Stipules only ciliate at the margins, all free from each other; calyx 7-9 mm, slightly violet-suffused, teeth 2.5-4 mm; standard 13-16.5 mm; stigma hairy                                                                                                          68. A. licentinus

66. Astragalus datunensis Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 57. 1980.

大通黄耆 da tong huang qi

´óͨ»ÆêÈ

      Plants ca. 8 cm tall, nearly acaulescent. Stem ca. 1 cm, covered with subappressed white hairs up to 1 mm, partly glabrescent. Stipules 5–8 mm, free. Leaves 4–6 cm, petiole 1–2 long, rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 10–13 pairs, elliptic, 4–6 X 2–4 mm, rounded to slightly emarginate, both sides rather densely covered with subappressed white hairs up to 0.7 mm. Peduncle 3–5 cm, hairy like ste stem. Raceme loosely 4–6-flowered. Bracts 3–4 mm, substipitate, narrowly elliptic, white and black hairy. Calyx 8–9 mm, rather densely covered with white hairs up to 1.5 mm and with appressed, distinctly shorter black hairs; teeth 3–4 mm. Petals yellow. Standard ca. 15 X 7 mm long, elliptic, widely emarginate. Wings ca. 14 mm. Keel 16 mm. Ovary with a glabrous stipe 3–4 mm, densely white and black hairy; style glabrous. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe ca. 4 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, with white hairs up to 2 mm..

      *Qinghai.

67. Astragalus kongrensis J.G.Baker, in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 120. 1876.

深紫萼黄耆 shen zi e huang qi

¿×¸ê»ÆêÈ

      Plants 6–14 cm tall, with appressed to ± spreading, long white, in the inflorescens white and black or black hairs. Stems often several, ascending to erect, 3–8 cm, at the base 1.5–2 mm thick, branched, often zig-zag-like bent, at the base glabrous, in upper part loosely to rather densely hairy. Stipules 4–15 mm, the lower ones amplexicaul, free or behind the stem and before the petiole connate, the upper ones narrowly triangular, sparsely to loosely spreading hairy. Leaves 7–22 cm, petiole 1.5–5 cm, like the rachis, loosely to rather densely white hairy. Leaflets in 7–15 pairs, elliptic to widely elliptic, 4–15 X 3–10 mm, rounded to retuse, upper side glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy, underside loosely to rather densely hairy, at the midvein often densely sericeous. Peduncle 4–12.5 cm, appressed to ± spreading hairy. Racemes 1.5–3 cm, densely 6–16-flowered. Bracts narrowly triangular, 3–5 mm, loosely hairy. Calyx 9–12.5 mm, green, strongly violet-suffused or red-brown, rather densely covered with long, appressed, mostly black hairs; teeth 4–7 mm. Petals (in dry state) violet to blue-violet. Standard 16–21 X 7–10 mm, elliptic, emarginate. Wings 16–20 mm. Keel 16.5–19 mm. Ovary stipitate, densely white or white and black hairy; style and stigma glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India (Sikkim)].

68. Astragalus licentianus H.Handel-Mazzetti, Österr. Bot. Z. 82: 247. 1933.

甘肃黄耆 gan su huang qi

¸ÊËà»ÆêÈ

Plants 10–20 cm tall, with appressed to ± spreading, thin, long white, in the inflorescens white and black or black hairs. Stems mostly several, 2–5 cm, at the base glabrous, in upper part covered with mostly spreading hairs. Stipules 6–11 mm, long ciliate at the margins, the basal ones vaginate-connate, leafless. Leaves 3.5–11 cm, petiole 1.5–3 cm, like the rachis spreading hairy. Leaflets in 10–16 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 5–10 X 3–6 mm, obtuse, both sides appressed grey-sericeous. Peduncle 4.5–10.5 cm, with white and black hairs. Racemes 1.5–3 cm, densely 8–18-flowered, at fruiting time elongated up to 11 cm. Bracts narrowly triangular, 5–8 mm, hairy, often reflexed. Calyx 7–9 mm, rather densely covered with long, appressed to ascending, mostly black hairs; teeth 2.5–4 mm. Petals (in dry state) violet to blue-violet. Standard 13–16.5 X 6–8.5 mm, widely elliptic, emarginate. Wings 15–17 mm. Keel 14–16 mm. Ovary with a stipe 3.5–4 mm, densely white or white and blackish hairy; style glabrous, stigma shortly hairy. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe 5–7 mm, more than 10 mm, densely covered with ascending black hairs ca. 0.5 mm.

      *Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang.

69. Astragalus nanfengensis C.C.Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 233. 1987.

南峰黄耆 nan feng huang qi

ÄÏ·å»ÆêÈ

      A. ludlowii Wenninger.

      Plants 15–25 cm tall, with hairs 0.3–0.8(–1) mm. Stems singular or several, 4–20 cm, acsending to erect, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed, white hairs. Stipules 10–20 X 3–8 mm, free, loosely white hairy. Leaves 5–13 cm, petiole 1.5–4 cm, like the rachis loosely covered with subappressed to nearly spreading white and fewer black hairs. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 8–25 X 6–16 mm, obtuse to acute, upper side dull green, glabrous or very sparsely hairy toward the margins, underside pale grey-green, loosely subappressed hairy. Peduncle 5–7 cm, loosely white or white and black hairy. Raceme short, 5–10-flowered, after anthesis somewhat elongating and up to 7 cm. Bracts, narrowly ovate, acute, 8–15 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 12–16 mm, loosely covered with black hairs; teeth 3.5–6 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 20–25 X 9–10 mm, elliptic, deeply emarginate. Wings 18–22 mm. Keel 17.5–20 mm. Stigma glabrous. Legumes (very young) long stipitate, ellipsoid, long acuminate at the tip; valves densely covered with ascending black hairs.

      *Xizang.

70. Astragalus skythropos Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp.  Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 24: 31. 1877.

肾形子黄耆 shen xing zi huang qi

ÉöÐÎ×Ó»ÆêÈ

A. skythropos var. acaulis Danguy; A. weigoldianus H.Handel-Mazzetti.

Plants 10–20 cm tall, subacaulescent, with white, in the inflorescence also blackish-brown hairs. Stem 2–5 cm, 2–2.5 mm thick, glabrous or in upper part loosely spreading hairy. Stipules 8–13 mm, the lower ones vaginate-connate behind the stem, without leaf, bract-like, the upper ones narrowly triangular to oblong-elliptic, free, ciliate at the margins. Leaves 5–16 cm, petiole 2–4.5 cm, like the rachis spreading hairy. Leaflets in 7–13 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 4–12 X 3.5–9 mm, acute, upper side glabrous, underside hairy only at the midvein and the margins. Peduncles 5–17 cm, appressed to spreading hairy. Racemes short, rather densely 8–13-flowered. Bracts 4–10 X 1–2 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 8.5–9.5 mm, loosely covered with long, ascending black hairs; teeth, 3–5 mm, with white and black hairs. Petals bluish-violet or violet. Standard 15.5–17.5 X 5,5–8 mm, elliptic to ovate, slightly to deeply emarginate. Wings 15.5–17.5 mm. Keel 15–18 mm. Ovary with a stipe 3–5 mm, densely white or blackish brown hairy. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe 5–7 mm, more than 10 mm, densely covered with ascending black hairs ca. 0.5 mm.

      *Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan.

71. Astragalus yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delav.: 162. 1889.

云南黄耆 yuan nan huang qi

ÔÆÄÏ»ÆêÈ

      A. fenzelianus E.Peter; A. tatsienensis Bureau & Franchet; A. yunnanensis var. tatsienensis (Bureau & Franchet) P.C.Li & C.C.Li; A. yunnanensis f. elongatus N.D.Simpson; A. yunnanensis var. kangrenbuchiensis C.C.Ni & P.C.Li; A. tatsiensis var. kangrenbuchiensis (Ni & P.C.Li) Y.C.Ho.

Plants 15–25 cm tall, subacaulescent to shortly caulescent, with spreading white, in the inflorescence also blackish-brown hairs. Stems several, 1–10 cm, 1–3 mm thick, ascending to erect, glabrous or in upper part sparsely to loosely hairy, in basal parts furnished with vaginate-connate whitish bracts. Stipules 4–14 mm, the lower ones widely ovate to elliptic, the upper ones narrowly triangular, free, sparsely to loosely hairy. Leaves 5–16 cm, petiole 2–4.5 cm, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy. Leaflets in 5–15 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 3–15 X 2.5–10 mm, obtuse to acute, often with a distinct cusp 1–2 mm, upper side glabrous or sparsely to loosely, more rarely densely villous, underside loosely to densely villous, somtimes ony at the midvein and margins. Peduncles 4–11 cm, mostly rather densely hairy. Raceme 1–2.5 cm, rather densely 2–13-flowered, at fruiting time somewhat elongated up to 5 cm. Bracts 4–10 mm, 1–3 mm wide, mostly white hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present. Calyx 8–14.5 mm, densely hairy; teeth 4–7.5 mm. Petals pale yellow, sometimes slightly fading violet. Standard 14–21 X 7–13.5 mm, widely elliptic to widely ovate, emarginate. Wings 13–21 mm. Keel 15–21 mm. Legumes with a stipe 4–8 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 15–23 mm long, 6–8 mm high, keeled ventrally and dorsally, with a beak 2–3 mm; valves rather densely to densely covered with spreading white and black hairs.

      Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India, Nepal].

71a. A. yunnanensis subsp. incanus (E.Peter) Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 242. 2007.

»ÒÄ«¿µ¶´´»ÆêÈ   hui mao kang ding huang qi

A. tatsiensis f. incanus E.Peter; A. tatsiensis var. incanus (E.Peter) Y.C.Ho.

Leaflets villous, densely to very densely covered on both sides with ascending to spreading, flexuose, tangled white hairs 0.5–1 mm. Calyx covered with ± spreading, straight white hairs 1–2 mm and with slightly shorter black hairs. Legumes with a stipe 3.5–5 mm, widely ellipsoid, 12–15 mm long, ca. 8 mm in diameter.

      *Sichuan, Yunnan.

13. Sect. Nuculiella Gontscharov. 1946, in Fl. URSS 12: 876.

坚果组 jian guo zu

»ª»ÆêÈ×é

      Plants perennial, with long stem, covered with basifixed white hairs. Stipules free, green. Leaves imparipinnate. Bracteoles present. Calyx campanulate, glabrous. Petals soon caducous. Keel longer than the wings. Legumes long-stipitate, inflated, bilocular, rigidly cartilagineous-coriaceous, nut-shaped. Monotypic.

72. Astragalus chinensis Linnaeus f., Dec. Pl. Rar. Hort. Upsal. 1: 5, tab. 3. 1762.

中国黄耆 zhong guo huang qi

»ª»ÆêÈ

      Plants 35-55 cm tall, with hairs 0.04–0.4 mm. Stem solitary, erect, up to 5 mm thick, glabrous, branched with slender, mostly non flowering side branches. Stipules 6–10 mm, linear acuminate, with a curved short auricle at the base, glabrous. Leaves 7–15 cm, petiole 1–3 cm, like the rachis glabrous or with few appressed hairs. Leaflets in 10–15 pairs, narrowly elliptic, rounded and shortly mucronulate, 16–25 X 2–10 mm, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely appressed white hairy. Peduncles numerous in the upper part of the stem, 3–6 cm, glabrous. Racemes 3.5-5 cm, loosely many-flowered. Bracts 3–4 mm, sparsely ciliate. Bracteoles 1–2 mm. Calyx 4–5 mm, glabrous; teeth 1-2 mm. Petals yellow or whitish-yellow. Standard 12–15 X 7–9 mm, ovate to widely ovate, emarginate. Wings 9–11.5 mm. Keel 13–14 mm. Legumes with a slender stipe 6–8 mm, nodding, nut-shaped, globular to obovoid, 9–14 mm long, 5–6 mm high, 7–9 mm wide, with a very short slender beak, widely and deeply grooved ventrally, rounded dorsally; valves rigidly cartilagineous-coriaceous, transversely wrinkled-nerved, glabrous.

      Beijing, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiling, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].

14. Sect. Lithophilus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 29. 1868.

岩生组 yan sheng zu

ÑÒÉú×é

Plants perennial, acaulescent or with a well developed stem, herbaceous, covered with basifixed, mostly spreading long hairs. Stipules free or more arely shortly adnate to the petiole. Leaves imparipinnate with marcescent rachis. Racemes subsessile or with a short peduncle, few-flowered. Calyx campanulate to tubular. Legumes subsessile to stipitate, bilocular, with thin, membranous walls.

1a.    Plants acaulescent; calyx ca. 10 mm; petals white; standard ca. 12 mm; legumes sessile, ca. 10 mm
                                                                                                                                                                                                  73. A. dalaiensis

1b.    Plants with a well developed stem; calyx at least 20 mm; petals yellow; legumes with a stipe 4-5 mm, 15-30 mm

      2a.    Stems, rachides and peduncles glabrous or sparsely hairy; leaflets in 12-15 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 8-15 X 4-9 mm   74. A. lithophilus

      2a.    Stems rachides and peduncles densely villous; leaflets in 9-11 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 10-25 X 2-5 mm
                                                                                                                                                                               75. A. munroi

73. Astragalus dalaiensis Kitag., J. Jap. Bot. 22: 172. 1948.

草原黄耆 cao yuan huang qi

      Plants 10-15 cm tall, acaulescent, caespitose. Stipules membranous, ca. 10 mm, ovate, long cuspidate-acuminate, shortly adnate to the petiole, villous. Leaves 10-20 cm, petiole and rachis covered with white, spreading hairs. Leaflets in 6-13 pairs, elliptic, 5-15 X 3-9 mm, mostly obtuse, both sides subappressed hairy. Racemes subsessile, crowded at the base of petioles. Calyx ca. 10 mm, tubular, long white hairy; teeth subulate, 2.5-3 mm. Petals white. Standard ca. 12 mm long, ovate, rounded at the tip. Wings 16 mm, longer than standard. Keel 17 mm, slightly longer than wings. Legumes erect, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 mm long, compressed laterally; valves densely white hairy.

      *Nei Mongol.

74. Astragalus lithophilus Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 344. 1842.

岩生黄耆　yan sheng huang qi

ÑÒÉú»ÆêÈ

A. dicystis Bunge.

Plants 15–45 cm tall, with very fine, spreading, white, in the inflorescence also with black hairs 1–3(–4) mm. Stem simple or branched at the base, up to 7 mm thick, often in lower part leafless and with scalelike stipules, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stipules membranous, 7–20 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves 9–20 cm, petiole 3–5 cm, at the base up to 3 mm thick, like the rachis glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 12–15 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 8–15 X 4–9 mm, rounded to truncate, glabrous on both sides or underside sparsely to loosely hairy. Peduncles 0.5–4.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely white, toward the raceme increasingly black hairy. Racemes loosely 3–6-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, linear-acute, 7–13 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 13–17 mm, loosely covered with spreading white and black hairs 1–2 mm; teeth 7–10 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 19–29 X ca. 9 mm, obovate, emarginate. Wings 18–22 mm. Keel 17–21 mm. Legumes with a curved stipe 4–5 mm, ellipsoid-inflated, 20–30 mm long, ca. 15 mm high and wide, grooved ventrally and dorsally, with a straight beak 2–3 mm, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous or with scattered spreading hairs.

      Steppic slopes in high mountains, 2400-3500 m, Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan].

75. Astragalus munroi Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 30. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 35. 1869].

细梗黄耆 xi geng huang qi

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A. longicalyx C.C.Ni & P.C.Li.

Plants 30-70 cm tall, covered with thin, mostly spreading, in vegetative parts only white hairs 1–4 mm. Stems in lower part often leafless, densely villous. Stipules whitish-membranous, 10–15 mm, linear-acute, free, hairy. Leaves 4–10 cm, petiole 1–2.5 cm, like the rachis densely covered with spreading hairs 1–2 mm and with somewhat fewer hairs up to 4 mm. Leaflets in 9–11 pairs, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, 10–25 X 2–5 mm, rounded to subobtuse, minutely acuminate-mucronulate, upper side glabrous, underside loosely to rather densely covered with spreading hairs up to 4 mm. Peduncles 0.5–1 cm, with spreading white hairs. Racemes loosely 3–6-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, linear-acute, 10–18 mm, hairy. Calyx ca. 20 mm, covered with long, spreading white hairs; teeth linar to subulate 10–12 mm. Petals yellow. Standard 20–22 X 7–9 mm, elliptic, emarginate. Wings ca. 18 mm. Keel ca. 19 mm. Legumes with a curved stipe 4–5 mm, ellipsoid-inflated, 20–30 mm long, 12–14 mm high and wide, widely grooved ventrally and dorsally, with a slightly curved beak ca. 5 mm, bilocular; valves thin, rather densely villous, with very fine, tangled, ± spreading hairs 2–3 mm.

      3000-5200 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [NW India].

15. Sect. Hookeriana Podlech, Mitt. Bot. Staatss. München 12: 343. 1976.

虎克组 hu ke zu

»¢¿Ë×é

Plants perennial, acaulescent to nearly so, with basifixed white hairs. Stipules membranous, free from the petiole, nearly completely embracing the stem but nearly free from it, around the petiole highly up connate. Calyx tubular, gibbous at the base. Petals pale sulfur-yellow, glabrous. Legumes strongly compressed from the sides, the valves thin but tough, with slender, vertical nerves, nearly completely bilocular. Monotypic.

76. Astragalus acaulis J.G.Baker in Hook., Fl. Brit. India 2: 132. 1876.

无茎黄耆 wu jing huang qi

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      A. litangensis Bureau & Franchet; A. pseudoxytropis Ulbrich.

Plants up to 15 cm tall, sparsely white hairy or sometimes glabrous or subglabrous. Stems, if present, very short, rarely up to 3 cm, glabrous,. Stipules whitish-membranous, free from the petiole, at the base nearly completely embracing the stem but nearly free from it, behind the abaxial side of the petiole highly up connate, the upper ones 10–12(–15) mm, connate for 1/3 to 2/3 of their length, the lower ones mostly shorter and connate often nealy up to the top, all ciliate at the margins, rarely sparsely hairy on outer side. Leaves 8–15 cm, petiole 2–6 cm, like the rachis glabrous or very sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 7–12pairs, narrowly ovate, 6–8 X 2–3 mm, acute, upper side glabrous, underside glabrous or sparsely hairy at the margins and the midvein, rarely more densely hairy. Racemes subsessile, 2–3-flowered. Bracts membranous, linear, acute, 10–15 mm, glabrous or ciliate at the margins. Calyx tubular, 11–15 mm, the tube glabrous ar rarely sparsely hairy; teeth 3–4 mm, sometimes ciliate at margin and tip. Petals pale sulfur-yellow. Standard 20–25 X 11–13(–16) mm, widely obovate, rounded to slightly emarginate. Wings 19–24 mm. Keel 19–22 mm. Legumes subsessile, erect, slightly obliquely oblong, 25–50 mm long, 10–15 mm high, 3–4 mm wide, narrowly rounded ventrally and dorsally, without beak, nearly completely bilocular; valves thin but tough, with numerous vertical fine nerves, glabrous.

      In high alpine regions, 3350–5335 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India (Sikkim)].

16. Sect. Pelta Podlech & I.Deml, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 543. 1967.

盾叶组 dun ye zu

É¡·¿×é

Plants fruticulose or suffruticulose, spiny or not, with basifixed, white or partly black hairs. Stipules membranous, shortly adnate to the petiole, otherwise free from each other or connate before the abaxial side of petiole. Leaves imparipinnate, petiole and rachis indurating with age and sometimes spiny, partly persistent, terminal leaflet than soon falling. Leaflets sometimes subpeltate or peltate. Petals glabrous, yellow. Legumes obtusely keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, incompletely to completely bilocular; valves thinly or rigidly membranous.

77. Astragalus olgae Bunge, Izv. Imp. Obshch. Ljubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 26(2): 223. 1880.

A. chionanthus Popov.

奥尔格黄耆 ao er ge huang qi

Plants suffruticose, acaulescent or shortly caulescent, 12–30 cm tall, sparsely white, in the inflorescence also black hairy. Stem 1–10 cm, glabrous or very sparsely covered with appressed to spreading hairs 0.5–1 mm, at the base very densely covered with remnants of old leaves and rigid but not spiny rachides. Stipules whitish-hyalin, the lower ones 5–6 mm, the upper ones up to 15 mm, shortly ciliate at the margins or rarely glabrous. Leaves 6–10 cm, at the end of vegetation period elongating up to 25 cm, petiole 1–3, later on up to 6 cm, like the rachis slender, later on thickened and indurating, persistent, glabrous ot very sparsely subappressed hairy. Leaflets in 13–15 pairs, easily falling, narrowly oblong, 3–18 X 1–3 mm, rounded to incised, glabrous or underside very sparsely hairy. Peduncle 1–3.5 cm, glabrous. Raceme loosely 2–4-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 6–10 mm, linear, acute, mostly glabrous. Calyx 13–15 mm, at the base nearly glabrous, in upper part sparsely to very loosely black hairy; teeth 3–5.5 mm. Petals whitish or yellow. Standard 25–28 X 8–13 mm, obovate-oblong, in lower part slightly constricted, scarcely to distinctly emarginate. Wings 23–26 mm. Keel 20–22 mm. Legumes with a stipe 2–4 mm, globular to ellipsoid-inflated, 10–25 mm long, 10–12 mm high and 10–18 mm wide, slightly grooved ventrally and dorsally, with a beak 2–4 mm, bilocular; valves thin, glabrous.

      Stony slopes of high mountains, 3100-3900 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghistan, Tadzhikistan].

17. Sect. Komaroviella Gontscharov, in Fl. URSS 12: 876. 1946.

短翼组 duan yi zu

¶ÌÒí×é

Plants perennial with developed stems, rarely subacaulescent, with basifixed hairs. Stipules free from the petiole or nearly so, all or only the lower ones connate behind the stem, rarely all free from each other. Racemes borne on long peduncle, shortly ovoid to subumbellate, loose or nearly so. Bracteoles mostly absent. Flowers with a short pedicel. Calyx campanulate. Petals lilac or violet. Wings shorter than the keel, limbs round-tipped. Keel with large limbs, 2–3 times the length of the claw. Legumes pendulous, with a stipe equalling or slightly exceeding the calyx, incompletely to completely bilocular or unilocular; valves thin, membranous, hairy, rarely glabrous.

1a.    Plants subglabrous; ovary and legumes glabrous                                                                                                     

   2a.     Plants 3-4 cm tall; peduncle 0.5-1 cm; bracteoles present; standard 12-13 X 10 mm, limb widely obovate to orbicular 85. A. damxungensis

   2b.    Plants 5-20 cm tall; peduncle 4-6 cm; bracteoles absent; standard ca. 11 X 5 mm, limb obovate
                                                                                                                                                                      87. A. habamontis

1b.    Plants distinctly hairy, at least in part; bracteoles rarely present; ovary and legumes hairy                              

   3a.     Stem, rachis and peduncle with double indumentum of very short appressed hairs ca. 0.1 mm and fewer spreading hairs 1-1.5 mm; legumes 12-14 mm, strongly curved                                                                                      94. A. semicircularis

   3b.    Stem, rachis and peduncle with a simple indumentum; legumes mostly shorter, not strongly curved          

      4a.    Rachis with at least partly spreading hairs                                                                                                            

      5a.     Plants up to 100 cm tall; stipules free from each other; rachis with spreading white, at the base also black hairs 0.2-0.3 mm; bracts 2-3 mm; limb of standard elliptic without distinct claw
                                                                                                                                             83. A. chiukiangensis

         5b.    Plants 17-25 cm tall; at least the lower stipules vaginate-connate; rachis with appressed to partly spreading white hairs 0.4-0.6 mm; bracts 1 mm; limb of standard orbicular, at the base abruptly contracted into the short claw 93. A. saxorum

      4b.    Rachis with appressed to subappressed hairs                                                                                                     

         6a.     Stipules 2–3 mm, glabrous or subglabrous; plants 40–60 cm tall; petals purple                                          

             7a.    Rachis with very short, subglobular hairs; bracteoles absent; calyx 3–3.5 mm; standard 9–10 mm, wings ca. 7 mm and keel ca. 10 mm; legumes 8–10 mm, nearly fully bilocular
                                                                                                                                     86. A. dulungkiangensis

            7b.    Rachis without subglobular hairs; bracteoles present, 0.5–1 mm; calyx 4–5.5 mm; standard 12–13 mm, wings 10–11 mm and keel 12–14 mm; legumes 15–18 mm, unilocular                                                                                                                                                                        82. A. changmuicus

         6b.    Stipules mostly longer, hairy at least at the margins; plants distinctly smaller, if up to 65 cm tall (in A.
leptocladus, weixinensis), than petals yellowish to white or white with violet tip                                     

             8a.    Plants up to 65 cm tall; petals yellowish to white or white with violet tip                                                  

                9a.     Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, elliptic, 5–14 X 2.5–7 mm; petals yellowish to white, standard 8–9, wings 7,
keel 8 mm                                                                                                                            95. A. weixinensis

                9b.    Leaflets in 10–12 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 9–20 X 2–6 mm; petals white with violet tip, standard 12, wings 10, keel 11 mm 89. A. leptocladus

             8b.    Plants up to 25 cm (in A. chagyabensis up to 30 cm) tall; petals purple, blue or violet

                10a.   Standard up to 8.5 mm                                                                                                                                     

                   11a.  Leaflets on upper side sparsely hairy to subglabrous; calyx 4-5 mm, covered with white hairs; legumes deeply grooved dorsally, bilocular   79. A. aridivallicola

                   11b.  Leaflets on both sides loosely to rather densely hairy; calyx 2.5-3 mm, covered with black hairs 0.2-0.3 mm and with fewer longer white hairs; legumes keeled ventrally and dorsally, unilocular                                                                                                               88. A. kuschakewiczi

                10b.  Standard at least 9 mm but mostly longer                                                                                                    

                   12a.  Bracts 3-4-6 mm; calyx 6-7 mm, its teeth 3-4 mm                                                                                   

                      13a.  Stipules ciliate at the margins, otherwise glabrous; leaflets in 4-6 pairs, mostly whitish
margined; limb of standard ± orbicular, 9 mm wide, at the base abruptly contracted into the claw                                                      90. A. mattam

                      13b.  Stipules loosely to rather densely, glabrescent with age; leaflets in 6-9 pairs, not whitish
margined; limb of standard elliptic, 5-8 mm wide, at the base gradually narrowed
                                                                                                                                             91. A. oxyodon

                   12b.  Bracts distinctly shorter; calyx distinctly shorter, up to 5 mm, (only in A. alpinus sometimes up to 6 mm), its teeth mostly distinctly shorter

                      14a.  Stipules shortly vaginate-connate, the upper ones free; leaflets in 4-7 pairs; calyx covered with white hairs                            80. A. batangensis

                      14b.  Stipules all distinctly to high up vaginate-connate; leaflets in more pairs; calyx with black or
white and black hairs                                                                                                                                 

                         15a.  Stipules densely hairy; rachis loosely to densely hairy; calyx white and black hairy; Ovary
white hairy (legumes unknown)                                                                                                           

                            16a.  Plants 2–10 cm tall; leaves 1–2.5 cm; leaflets in 5–9 or less pairs, 1.2–3 X 0.5–1.2
mm; peduncles white and black hairy                                                                    84. A. confertus

                            16b.  Plants 20–30 cm tall; leaves 8–10 cm; leaflets in 9–11 pairs, 9–13 X 5–7 mm; peduncles white hairy                            81. A. chagyabensis

                         15b.  Stipules ciliate at the margins or rarely very sparsely hairy (in A. retusifoliolatus); rachis
sparsely to loosely hairy; calyx black hairy; legumes black or more rarely white and black hairy

                            17a.  Leaflets in 6-9 pairs, 4-8 X 2-5 mm; bracts 2-3 mm; legumes narrowly oblong, slightly curved, 12-18 mm, semibilocular   92. A. retusifoliolatus

                             17b.  Leaflets in 7-12 pairs, 5-15(-20) X 2-5(-7) mm; bracts 0.5-2 mm; legumes narrowly ellipsoid, straight, 7-13 mm, unilocular or nearly so                                                                                                 78. A. alpinus

78. Astragalus alpinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl.: 760. 1753.

高山黄耆 gao shan huang qi

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A. salicetorum Komarov.

Plants caespitose, mostly low, with ± appressed, white and black hairs.. Stems several to many, slender, prostrate to ascending, 1–15(–20) cm, sparsely hairy. Stipules 1.5–6 mm, the lower connate behind the stem highly up, the upper shortly connate or free, all ciliate. Leaves 2–8 cm, petiole 0.5–4 cm, like the rachis slender, sparsely to loosely hairy. Leaflets in 7–12 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–15 X  2–5 mm, rounded to slightly retuse, upper side glabrous or sparsely, underisde somewhat more densely hairy, more rarely rather densely hairy on both sides. Peduncle 3–8(–15) cm, erect, sparsely to loosely white, toward the raceme increasingly black hairy. Raceme short, densely 5–15-flowered. Bracts 0.5–2 mm, triangular, black-ciliate. Calyx 4–6 mm, appressed black-hairy; teeth 1–3 mm. Petals violet with whitish base, wings often whitish, often yellowish when dry but mostly with violet keel tip. Standard 9–13 X 6–7.5 mm, rhombic-elliptic to widely elliptic, emarginate. Wings 7–12 mm. Keel 9–12 mm; limbs triangular, 6–8 x 3–3.5 mm. Legumes nodding, with a stipe 2–5 mm, ellipsoid, attenuate at both ends, 7–13 mm long, ca. 3–3.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, with a short beak, unilocular or nearly so; valves thin, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to semipatent black hairs. Seeds 2.5–3 x 2–2.5 mm, smooth.

      In subarctic zones, subalpine to alpine meadows, in subarctic tundra. Xinjiang (Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Middle Asia, North America].

79. Astragalus aridovallicola P.C.Li, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 11(3): 299. 1989.

旱谷黄耆 han gu huang qi

¸Ê¹È»ÆêÈ

Plants with appressed white hairs. Stems several, branched near the base, slender, prostrate, up to 15 cm, sparsely covered with hairs 0.1–0.2 mm. Stipules greenish, 2–3 mm, the lower ones shortly connate behind the stem, the upper free, all sparsely hairy. Leaves 2.5–5 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, with the rachis loosely to rather densely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, widely obovate to suborbicular, 3–6 X 2–4 mm, emarginate, upper side sparsely hairy or with scattered hairs only, underside loosely covered with appressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Peduncle 1.5–4.5 cm, erect, hairy like the stem. Raceme loosely 3–4-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 0.5–0.8 mm, white hairy. Calyx 4–5 mm, sparsely to loosely hairy; teeth unequal, 1–3 mm. Petals ? pale purple.. Standard 8 X 5 mm, widely ovate, emarginate. Wings 6.5 mm. Keel 7–7.5 mm; limbs 5.5 X 3 mm. Legumes (immature) with a stipe ca. 2 mm long, obliquely narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 10 mm long, 1.5–2 mm high andwide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, with a very short beak, bilocular; valves thin, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed white hairs.

      *Sichuan.

80. Astragalus batangensis E.Peter, Acta Horti Gothoburg. 12: 35. 1937.

巴唐黄耆 ba tang huang qi

°ÍÌÆ»ÆêÈ

A. cinerascens H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, non (Rydb.) Tidestr.

      Plants with appressed to subappressed, white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stems singular or several, branched, slender, prostrate to ascending, up to 15 cm, loosely to rather densely white hairy. Stipules greenish, 3–4 mm, all shortly connate behind the stem or the upper free, all rather densely hairy. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 1–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely to rather densely hairy. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, elliptic to obovate, 4–13 X 2–8 mm, subacute to rounded or slightly retuse, upper side sparsely to rather loosely, underside more densely covered with subappressed hairs up to 1 mm. Peduncle 3–8 cm, rather densely white hairy. Raceme short, rather loosely 8–10-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1–1.5 mm, white hairy. Calyx 3–4 mm, rather densely appressed white hairy; teeth 1–2 mm. Petals blue to violet. Standard 8–11 X 5–8 mm, widely ovate, emarginate. Wings 6–7 mm. Keel 8–10 mm; limbs 6–7 X 2.5 mm. Legumes with a stipe 2–5 mm, nodding, ellipsoid, 7–13 mm long, 3–3.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, with a short beak, unilocular or nearly so; valves thin, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to ascending white or black hairs.

      *Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

81. Astragalus chagyabensis P.C.Li & C.C.Ni 1980, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 368. 1980.

察雅黄耆 cha ya huang qi

²ìÑÅ»ÆêÈ

      Plants 20–30 cm tall, caespitose. Stems several, branched at the base, sparsely white and black hairy. Stipules ca. 5 mm, narrowly triangular, free from the petiole, behind the stem connate high up, densely white hairy. Leaves 8–10 cm, petiole like the rachis densely appressed white hairy. Leaflets in 9–11 pairs, elliptic, 9–13 X 5–7 mm, rounded, upper side sparsely, underside densely appressed white hairy. Peduncles 8-10 cm, sparsely white hairy. Racemes many-flowered. Calyx ca. 5 mm, loosely white and black hairy; teeth subulate, ca. 2.5 mm. Petals pale purplish. Standard ca. 10 mm, widely elliptic. Wings ca. 8 mm. Keel ca. 10 mm. Ovary stipitate, sparsely white hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *Xizang.

82. Astragalus changmuicus C.C.Ni & P.C.Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 105. 1979.

樟木黄耆 zhang mu huang qi

Plants white hairy. Stems slender, 40-50 cm, prostrate to ascending, 1-1.5 mm thick, glabrescent in lower part, sparsely hairy in upper part. Stipules 2-3 mm long, the lower ones shortly connate behind the stem, the upper ones free, narrowly triangular, glabrescent. Leaves 2-4 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely to loosely ghairy. Leaflets in 8-10 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5-9 X 3-4 mm, acute or shortly mucronulate, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely appressed hairy. Peduncles 2-4 cm, hairy. Racemes 3-5 cm, (1-)4-9-flowered. Bracts ca. 2 mm, subulate, hairy. Calyx 4–4.5 mm, appressed black hairy; teeth ca. 2 mm. Petals purple. Standard 12-13 X 5.5–6.5 mm, elliptic, emarginate. Wings 10-11 mm. Keel 12-13 mm. Legumes with a stipe 4–5 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 15-18 mm long, unilocular; valves appressed white hairy.

      *Xizang.

83. Astragalus chiukiangensis H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser., 9: 260. 1940.

俅江黄耆 qiu jiang huang qi

Ù´½»ÆêÈ

      Plants up to 100 cm tall, furnished with white and black hairs up to 0.5 mm. Stem erect, branched, sparsely covered with appressed to ascending white and mixed black hairs, those of side-branches often with rather dense and up to spreading white hairs. Stipules greenish, 3–5 mm, free, reflexed, white ciliate at the margins. Leaves 8–12 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely to loosely covered with spreading white, or at the base predominantly black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Leaflets in 8–11 pairs, in sidebranches in fewer pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 10–16 X 3.5–7 mm, subacute to obtuse, upper side glabrous or sparsely, underside loosely, in young leaves also rather densely covered with appressed to ascending white hairs 0.5–0.8 mm long. Peduncles 3–7 cm long, loosely covered with nearly spreading white hairs. Racemes shortly cylindric, rather densely many-flowered. Bracts membranous, linear, 2–3 mm long, white hairy. Calyx ca. 5 mm long, sparsely to loosely subappressed white hairy; teeth 2–2.5 mm long. Petals white greenish or white. Standard 9–11 X ca. 5 mm, obovate, obtuse. Wings 7–8 mm long. Keel 8–10 mm; limbs 5–5.5 x 2.2–2.5 mm. Legumes (unripe) nodding, with a stipe 3 mm, white hairy.

*Yunnan.

84. Astragalus confertus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 16 (11): 23. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15 (1): 27. 869].

丛生黄耆 cong sheng huang qi

´ÔÉú»ÆêÈ

      Plants 2-10 cm tall, acaulescent to shortly caulescent, densely caespitose, furnished with appressed to subappressed, in vegetative parts mostly with white hairs 0.2–0.4 mm, sometimes with black hairs mixed in. Stems mostly numerous, very short or to up to 5 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy. Stipules 3–4 mm, free from the petiole or shortly adnate, but distinctly connate befor the petiole, behind the stem connate high up, sparsely to rather densely hairy. Leaves 1–2.5 cm, petiole 0.5–0.8 cm, like the rachis slender, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed to ascending hairs. Leaflets in 5–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 1.2–3 X 0.5–1.2 mm, subacute to obtuse, both sides loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to slightly ascending hairs 0.5–0.7 mm. Peduncles 0.5–4 cm, loosely covered with appressed white, toward the raceme with increasing black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Racemes 1–7-flowered. Bracts ca. 2 mm. Calyx 4.5–5 mm, rather densely to densely covered with appressed, predominantly black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm; teeth 1.5–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 10–12 X 6.5–8 mm, widely elliptic to suborbicular, emarginate. Wings 8-10 mm. Keel 9-11 mm.. Legumes (unripe) pendulous, with a stipe 3 mm, white hairy.

      Qinghai, Xizang [Kashmir, India, Nepal].

85. Astraglus damxungensis Podlech & L.-R.Xu, Sendtnera 7: 192. 2001.

当雄黄耆 dang xiong huang qi

µ±ÐÛ»ÆêÈ

      Plants 3–4 cm tall, nearly acaulescent, subglabrous, hairs subappressed, merely black, 0.2–0.3 mm. Stipules greenish to membranous, 3–4 mm, behind the stem distinctly to highly up connate, glabrous. Leaves 1.5–2.5 cm, petiole 0.4–0.7 cm, like the rachis glabrous or with scattered hairs. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, elliptic, 3–5 X 1–2.8 mm, obtuse to subacute, glabrous or more rarely with scattered hairs on underside, conspicously and densely wrinkled when dry on underside. Peduncle 0.5–1 cm, glabrous or below the raceme with scattered black hairs. Raceme 1–2-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Bracteoles present, linear-subulate, 1–2 mm. Calyx ca. 6 mm, rather densely hairy; teeth 2.5–3 mm. Petals purple violet. Standard 12–13 X ca. 10 mm, widely obovate to orbicular, emarginate. Wings ca. 10 mm. Keel ca. 11 mm; limbs 8 x 4 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *Xizang.

86. Astragalus dulungkiangensis P.C.Li, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 11(3): 298. 1989.

独龙江黄耆 du long jiang huang qi

¶ÀÁú½»ÆêÈ

      Plants with appressed to subappressed, white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm or even shorter and subglobular-inflated. Stem prostrate, branched, slender, 40–60 cm, loosely hairy, soon glabrescent. Stipules greenish, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, the lower ones shortly connate behind the stem. Leaves 3–6 cm, subsessile; rachis slender, sparsely covered with very short, subglobular-inflated hairs. Leaflets in 7–10 pairs, elliptic, 4–9 X 2–4 mm, retuse to emarginate, upper side subglabrous, underside sparsely to loosely covered with appressed hairs. Peduncle 1.5–3.5 cm, loosely to densely hairy. Raceme short, rather loosely 4–5-flowered. Bracts greenish-membranous, ca. 1.5 mm, subglabrous. Calyx 3–3.5 mm, loosely covered with white, at the teeth also with black hairs; teeth 1.5–2 mm. Petals pale purplish. Standard 9–10 X ca. 6 mm, widely ovate to suborbicular, emarginate. Wings ca. 7 mm. Keel 10 mm; limbs 5.5 x 3 mm. Legumes nodding, with a stipe ca. 3 mm, oblong, slightly curved, 8–10 mm long, ca. 2 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, with a short beak, nearly fully bilocular; valves thin, loosely to rather densely covered with very short white hairs.

      *Yunnan.

87. Astragalus habamontis K.T.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 2(4): 68. 1982.

哈巴山黄耆 ha ba shan huang qi

      Plants 5–20 cm tall, with appressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems prostrate to ascending. Stipules 3–4 mm, ovate, connate behind the stem up to the middle. Leaves 3–6 cm. Leaflets in 5–8 pairs, obovate 4–7 X 1.5–4 mm, upper side glabrous, underside sparsely covered with appressed white hairs. Peduncles 1.5–5 cm, sparsely black hairy. Raceme 3–5-flowered. Bracts narrowly triangular-subulate, 1.5–3 mm. Calyx 4–5 mm, black hairy; teeth 1.5–2 mm. Petals red or blue. Standard 10–12 mm long. obovate. Wings slightly shorter than standard. Keel slightly longer than wings. Ovary stipitate, glabrous. Legumes shortly stipitate, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, ca. 10 mm long, unilocular; valves glabrous.

      *Qinghai, Yunnan.

88. Astragalus kuschakewiczii B.Fedtschenko, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 21: 311. 1903 [= O.Fedtschenko, Fl. Pamira: 78].

库萨克黄耆 ku sa ke huang qi

ÅÁÃ׶û»ÆêÈ

A. mongutensis Lipsky; A. eugeniae B.Fedtschenko; ? A. hegingensis Y.X. Liou; A. pulvinalis P.C.Li & C.C.Ni; .

Plants 7-15(–20) cm tall, densely caespitose, densely grey-hairy with subappressed to ascending hairs 0.2-0.3 mm. Stems many, ascending to erect, branched from the base. Stipules 1.5–2.5 mm, behind the stem shortly connate. Leaves 1–3 cm, petiole 0.3–0.8 cm, like the rachis slender, rather densely to densely hairy. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, oblong to elliptic, 1–5 X 0.5–3 mm, rounded to retuse, on both sides loosely to rather densely hairy. Peduncles 1.5–4 cm long, with white, below the raceme with increasing black hairs. Racemes 1–1.5 cm, rather loosely 4–10-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 0.5–1 mm, black and white hairy. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm and sometimes also with somewhat longer white hairs; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals light blue, the keel with darker tip. Standard 8–8.5 X 6–7 mm, orbicular, retuse to emarginate. Wings 6–7 mm. Keel 8–8.5 mm, limbs 4.5–6 X 1.5–3 mm. Legumes spreading to pendulous, with a stipe 1–1.5 mm, obliquely ellipsoid, 5–7 mm long, keeled ventrally and dorsally, minutely beaked, unilocular; valves thin, with appressed white or white and black hairs.

      Stony soil, river banks, ascending to 3900-4300 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakstan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan].

89. Astragalus leptocladus Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 237. 2007.

细枝黄耆 xi zhi huang qi

Plants up to 65 cm tall. Stems up to 55 cm, very sparsely covered with ± appressed black hairs 0.2–0.4 mm. Stipules 3–5 mm long, the lower ones vaginate connate behind the stem up to the middle, the upper ones free, all sparsely covered with white and black hairs up to 1 mm long. Leaves 8–12 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, rachis paserely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 10–12 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 9–20 X 2–6 mm, rounded to subacute, mostly very minutely mucronulate, on upper side sparsely, on underside side loosely covered with subappressed white hairs ca. 1 mm. Peduncle 10–12 cm, sparsely to rather loosely only black hairy. Racemes at anthesis capitate, densely 12–15-flowered. Bracts ca. 2 mm, black hairy. Calyx ca. 5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed black hairs 0.1–0.4 mm long; teeth 2–3 mm. Petals whitish with violet tip. Standard ca. 12 X 6 mm, ovate, deeply emarginate. Wings ca. 10 mm. Keel ca. 11 mm. Legumes spreading to nodding, with a stipe ca. 3 mm, oblong, distinctly curved, ca. 12 mm long, 3 mm high and 2 mm wide, keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, with a slender beak ca. 2 mm long, bilocular; valves loosely to rather densely covered with appressed to ascending or partly spreading black hairs 0.3-0.5 mm.

      *Xinjiang.

90. Astragalus mattam H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser., 7: 24. 1936.

茵垫黄耆 yin dian huang qi

Òðµæ»ÆêÈ

      Plants 4–15 cm tall, densely caespitose, rather densely covered with subappressed to ascending, white, in the inflorescence also black hairs 0.3–1 mm. Stems numerous, branched, ascending to erect, up to 5 cm long, densely covered in lower parts with remnants of old leaves, hairy. Stipules membranous, 5–7 mm, behind the stem high up connate, sometimes nearly to the top, white ciliate. Leaves 2–4 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely to more rarely rather densely white hairy. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, elliptic, 2–5 X 1–2.5 mm, rounded or slightly retuse, with mostly distinct whitish margin, covered on upper side sparsely to loosely, on underside rather densely with subappressed white hairs up to 1 mm. Peduncle 1–3 cm, rather densely white, toward the racemes also increasingly black hairy. Raceme short, 3–5-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 3–6 mm, white hairy. Calyx 6–7 mm, rather densely covered with appressed white and black hairs; teeth 3-4 mm. Petals purple to blue, wings and center of standard white. Standard ca. 13 X 9 mm long, nearly orbicular, emarginate. Wings ca. 11 mm. Keel 13 mm; limbs 9 X 4 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 2 mm, white hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *Qinghai.

A. mattam var. macroflorus Y.H.Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 20: 39. 1998

大花茵垫黄耆 da hua yin dian huang qi

      Differs by bigger flowers, standard ca. 16 X 11 mm; wings ca. 13 mm; keel ca. 15.5 mm long; calyx ca. 9 mm, its teeth 5–6 mm; bracts 6–9 mm.

No material seen. Perhaps a species by its own.

      *Qinghai.

91. Astragalus oxyodon Baker, in Hooker.f., Fl. Brit. India 2: 125. 1876.

尖齿黄耆  jian chi huang qi

Plants 10–18 cm tall, covered with wide, often somewhat flattened, appressed to subappressed hairs. Stems several, 4–12 cm, loosely to sometimes partly rather densely covered with appressed, white hairs 0.3–0.5 mm, sometimes with some black hairs mixed in. Stipules 2–7 mm, ± distinctly and sometimes high up connate behind the stem, loosely to rather densely white hairy, glabrescent to glabrous with age. Leaves 4–7 cm, petiole 0.3–1 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, elliptic, 4–8 X 2–4 mm, rounded to subacute, on upper side sparsely to loosely, on underside somewhat more densely covered with subappressed white hairs 0.5–1 mm. Peduncle 2.5–8 cm, loosely covered with white and black subappressed hairs 0.2–1 mm. Raceme short, loosely 4–7-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 3–4 mm, sparsely white and black hairy. Calyx 6–7 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with appressed black hairs 0.1–0.5 mm and sparsely with subappressed white hairs up to 1 mm; teeth 3–4 mm. Petals pale pinkish to deep blue. Standard 10–13 X 5–8 mm, elliptic to widely elliptic, emarginate. Wings 7–10 mm. Keel 10–13 mm; limbs 7–8 X 2.5–3.8 mm. Legumes with a stipe ca. 3 mm, ellipsoid, 6–7 mm long, 2–3 mm high, 3–5 mm wide, flattened or obtusely keeled ventrally, flattened to shallowly grooved dorsally, with a very short, bent beak, unilocular; valves rather densely covered with subappressd white or white and predominantly black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm.

      3500-4600 m. Xinjiang [Pakistan, India, Nepal].

92. Astragalus retusifoliatus Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 1(3): 114. 1981.

凹叶黄耆 ao ye huang qi

°¼Ò¶»ÆêÈ

      Plants 10–30 cm tall, sparsely hairy. Stems several, 5–25 cm, slender, with short side-branches, sparsely to loosely covered with partly subbasifixed, appressed, mostly white hairs 0.05–0.3 mm. Stipules 2–4 mm, behind the stem distinctly connate, very sparsely hairy and ciliate. Leaves 3–6 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, elliptic, 4–8 X 2–5 mm, rounded to emarginate, on upper side glabrous or sparsely hairy, on underside loosely covered with appressed white hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Peduncles 2.5–4 cm, hairy. Racemes rather densely 4–12-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 2–3 mm, black hairy. Calyx 4–4.5 mm, loosely covered with appressed black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm and white hairs 0.4–0.6 mm; teeth 2–3 mm. Petals bluish violet but yellowish with violet tipped keel when dry. Standard 10–11 X 6–7 mm, widely elliptic to ovate, deeply incised. Wings 8–9 mm. Keel 9–11 mm; limbs 6.5–7 X 3–3.8 mm. Legumes with a stipe 3–5 mm, narrowly oblong, slightly curved, 12–18 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, shortly acuminate, incompletely bilocular; valves loosely to rather densely covered with very short, appressed to ascending black and white or merely black hairs.

      *Xizang, Yunnan.

93. Astragalus saxorum N.D.Simpson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 245. 1915.

石生黄耆 shi sheng huang qi

ʯÉú»ÆêÈ

      Plants 17–25 cm tall, with appressed to ascending or sometimes also ± spreading, with exception of the legumes merely white hairs 0.4–0.6 mm. Stems few to several, 15–20 cm, rather densely hairy, partly glabrescent. Stipules whitish-membranous, 2–3 mm, at least the lower ones behind the stem connate up to the middle, hairy. Leaves 2.5–6 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely to rather densely hairy. Leaflets in 7–10 pairs, obovate, 4–7 X 1.5–3 mm, mostly retuse, on both sides loosely to rather densely covered with ascending hairs. Peduncle 2–3.5 cm, rather densely hairy. Raceme subumbellate, up to 15-flowered. Bracts ca. 1 mm, hairy. Calyx ca. 3–4 mm, rather densely appressed hairy; teeth ca. 2 mm. Petals pale purplish (e collectore). Standard 6–8 X 5–6 mm, nearly orbicular, emarginate Wings 5–7 mm. Keel 7–9 mm; limbs 4–5.5 X 2.5–3 mm. Legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm, 8–10 mm long, 3 mm high and wide, nearly unilocular, valves covered with subappressed white or white and black hairs 0.3–0.5 mm.

      *Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan.

94. Astragalus semicircularis P.C.Li, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 11: 297. 1989.

半圆黄耆 ban yuan huang qi

°ëȦ»ÆêÈ

      Plants ca. 15 cm tall, with appressed and spreading white hairs. Stems several, sparsely covered with white hairs ca. 0.1 mm or even shorter and subglobular and with few scattered very fine, spreading hairs 1–1.5 mm, soon glabrescent. Stipules green, 3–3.5 mm, behind the stem connate up to the middle or higher up, sparsely hairy. Leaves 2.5–5 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis sparsely covered with very short, appressed and with few scattered spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm long. Leaflets in 6–8 pairs, elliptic, 4–7 X 2–4 mm, obtuse to sometimes emarginate, on upper side subglabrous, on underside sparsely to loosely covered with appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm, more rarely with few long ± spreading hairs especially on upper side. Peduncle 2.5–5.5 cm, hairy like the stem. Raceme short, rather loosely 7–13-flowered. Bracts membranous, ca. 1 mm, subglabrous. Calyx 3–3.5 mm, loosely appressed white hairy; teeth ca. 1.5 mm. Petals dark purplish lue. Standard 7–7.5 X 4 mm, ovate, emarginate. Wings ca. 6 mm. Keel 7.5 mm; limbs 5 X 2 mm. Legumes nodding, with a stipe ca. 2 mm, oblong, strongly curved, 12–14 mm long, 2–3 mm high and 1.5–2 mm wide, keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, shortly acuminate, unilocular; valves loosely covered with appressed white hairs 0.2–0.3 mm.

      *Xizang.

95. Astragalus weixinensis Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 1(3): 112. 1981.

维西黄耆 wei xi huang qi

άÎ÷»ÆêÈ

      Plants up to 60 cm tall. Stem mostly several, up to 50 cm, sometimes branched, sparsely covered with appressed to subappressed or ascending, mostly black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stipules greenish, 3–5 mm, free, white and black hairy. Leaves 4–10 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, elliptic, 5–14 X 2.5–7 mm, obtuse to emarginate, on upper side sparsely, on underside loosely covered with appressed to slightly ascending white hairs 0.8–1 mm. Peduncles 2–6 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes rather densely ca. 10-flowered. Bracts greenish, 1–2 mm, black hairy. Calyx ca. 5 mm, loosely covered with subappressed short black and longer white hairs; teeth 2.5–3 mm. Petals yellowish to white. Standard 8–9 X 5 mm, ovate to elliptic, emarginate. Wings ca. 7 mm. Keel ca. 8 mm; limbs 4.5–5 X 1.8–2.2 mm. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe 3–4 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, (ca. 5 mm long), densely black and white hairy.

      *Yunnan.

18. Sect. Hypoglottidei A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 281. 1825.

密花组 mi hua zu

ÃÜ»¨×é

      A. sect. Hypoglottis Bunge.

      Plants perennial, with short to long stems, furnished with basifixed hairs. Stipules not or shortly adnate to the petiole, ± vaginate-connate around the stem. Inflorescences with a well developed peduncle, capitate to shortly cylindrical, mostly densely many-flowered, more rarely with few floweres only. Flowers with a short pedicel. Bracteoles absent. Calyx campanulate-tubular or tubular. Corolla purple or violet (in our species) but sometimes yellowish when dry, marcescent, not persistent in fruit. Legumes sessile to subsessile, ± erect, oblong to ovoid, bilocular or nearly so, valves firm or membranous.

1a.    Calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube; legumes densely covered with spreading white hairs                           

   2a.     Bracts 3-7 mm, white and black hairy; calyx covered with appressed to nearly spreading white and black hairs up to 0.9 mm; standard ovate to rhombic ovate, at the base gradually narrowed; legumes 7-10 mm                                                                                              96. A. agrestis

   2b.    Bracts ca. 3 mm, only ciliate at the margins; calyx covered with short, appressed black hairs; standard ± oblong, at the base subabruptly contracted into a very short, indistinct claw; legumes 14-16 mm                                                                                          99. A. wulumuquianus

1b.    Calyx teeth distinctly shorter than tube; legumes covered with predominantly black hairs or hairs sitting on little tubercles           3

   3a.     Stipules 4-10 mm; peduncle with black hairs allover; standard 16-22 mm; wing limbs distinctly obliquely emarginate; legumes with a stipe 2-4 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 10-15 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and wide, covered with predominantly black hairs       98. A. tibetanus

   3b.    Lower stipules ca. 2 mm, upper ones up to 5 mm; peduncle white, toward the raceme also black hairy; standard 14-15 mm; wing limbs round-tipped; legumes sessile, widely ovoid, 5-7 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and 4-4.5 mm wide, covered with white hairs up to 1.5 mm, sitting on little tubercles
                                                                                                                                                                 97. A. danicus

96. Astragalus agrestis G.Don, Gen. Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 258. 1832.

毛喉黄耆 mao hou huang qi

ëºí»ÆêÈ

      A. dasyglottis A.P.DeCandolle, non Pallas; A. hypoglottis L. var. dasyglottis (A.P.DeCandolle) Ledebour.

      Plants 10–30 cm tall, with ± appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm in leaflets and calyx up to 0.9 mm. Stems few, 4–25 cm, glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy. Lower stipules 2–4 mm, whitish-hyalin, connate behind the stem highly up, glabrous, the upper ones 4–6(–10) mm, shortly connate or free from each other, hairy. Leaves 2–10 cm, petiole short, like the rachis hairy or subglabrous. Leaflets in 6–10 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 4–18 X 1–4.5 mm, rounded to retuse or subacute, on upper side glabrous or sparsely hairy, on underside loosely hairy. Peduncles 1.5–11 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes rather densely 5–15-flowered. Bracts membranous to partly greenish, 3–7 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 7–11 mm, tubular, loosely to densely covered with subappressed to nearly spreading straight or curly white and black hairs; teeth 3–5 mm. Petals purplish to bluish-lilac. Standard 15–22 X 5.5–8.5 mm, ovate to rhombic-ovate, emarginate. Wings 15–18.5 mm. Keel 11.5–14 mm. Legumes subsessile, erect, ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 7–10 mm long, 2.8–4.5 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, widely and deeply grooved dorsally, acuminate, bilocular; valves densely silky-villous with straight to curly white hairs up to 1–2 mm.

      Meadows, steppes, often in saline or sandy soils; from plains up to 3200 m. NW Xinjiang [North America, Russia (Siberia), Kazakstan].

97. Astragalus danicus Retzius, Obs. bot. 2: 41. 1783.

丹麦黄耆 dan mai huang qi

µ¤Âó»ÆêÈ

      Plants up to 30 cm tall, with ± appressed to more rarely ascending hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Stems mostly several, slender, 4–30 cm, glabrous in lower part, toward the top more and more white hairy, below the stipules mostly with spreading black hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, behind the stem highly up vaginate-connate, the lower ones ca. 2 mm, glabrous, the upper ones up to 5 mm, ciliate and sparsely hairy. Leaves 2.5–6 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely white and black hairy. Leaflets in 6–12 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 2–12 X 0.5–4 mm, rounded, on both sides sparsely to loosely hairy or on upper side nearly glabrous. Peduncle 1–10(–15) cm, in lower parts sparsely covered with white, toward the raceme increasingly with black hairs. Racemes short, densely 3–15(–20)-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 2–3 mm, black ciliate. Calyx 7–8 mm, densely and predominatly black hairy, more rarely predominantly white hairy; teeth 1.5–3 mm. Petals violet. Standard 14–15 X 7–8 mm, rhombic-elliptic, deeply incised to bilobed. Wings 12–13 mm. Keel 10.5–11 mm. Legumes ellipsoid, slightly compressed dorsiventrally, 5–7 mm long, 4–4.5 mm wide, ventrally and dorsally shallowly grooved, nearly completely bilocular; valves blackish-brown when ripe, densely covered with white hairs up to 1.5 mm, inserted on little tubercles.

      Meadows, steppes, open forests, subarctic tundras, from plains to the mountain zones. Heilongjian, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Europe, Russia, Kazakstan].

98. Astragalus tibetanus Bunge in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 52. 1868 in clave et l.c. 15(1): 85. 1869.

藏新黄耆 zang xin huang qi

²Ø»ÆêÈ

      A. chadjanensis Franchet; A. narynensis Freyn; A. olufsenii Freyn; A. talievii Širj.; A. tibeticus var. patentipilus K.T.Fu.

Plants 4–35 cm tall, covered with hairs 0.2–0.5 mm. Stems 2–20 cm, loosely covered with appressed to ascending or even spreading white and partly also black hairs. Stipules 4–10 mm, vaginate-connate highly up, very sparsely white and black hairy and ciliate. Leaves 3–11 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, like the rachis loosely covered with appressed to ascending hairs. Leaflets in 7–14 pairs, ± narrowly elliptic, 5–12 X 2–5 mm, rounded to slightly retuse, on upper side glabrous or sparsely hairy, on underside loosely covered with appressed to ascending white hairs. Peduncle 1–10 cm, loosely to densely predominantly black hairy. Raceme rather densely 4–15-flowered. Bracts whitish, 2–3 mm, black hairy. Calyx 7–10 mm, loosely to rather densely appressed black hairy; teeth unequal, 0.5–3 mm. Petals blue-violet or pale lilac but often yellowish when dry. Standard 16–22 X 6–9 mm, elliptic, incised. Wings 15–20 mm. Keel 12–15 mm. Legumes with a stipe 2–4 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 10–15 mm long, ca. 3 mm high and wide, obtusely keeled ventrally, widely and deeply grooved dorsally, with a beak 1–2 mm, bilocular; valves rather densely covered with appressed to spreading, mostly predominatly black hairs.

      Steppes and open scrubs, from the mountain zone up to 3850 m Xinjang [Siberia, Kazakstan, Kirghistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Mongolia].

99. Astragalus wulumuquianus K.T.Fu, Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Inst. 2(4): 71. 1982.

乌鲁木齐黄耆 wu lu mu qi huang qi

ÎÚÊлÆêÈ

      Plants 30-60 cm tall. Stems covered with short appressed hairs. Stipules 6-7 mm, vaginate-connate in lower half, ciliate. Leaves 6-12 cm, petiole short. Leaflets in ca. 10 pairs, narrowly ovate, 5-19 X 2.5-6 mm, rounded to slightly emarginate, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely covered with short hairs. Peduncles 2.5-6 cm, shortly appressed hairy. Racemes ca. 3 cm, dense. Bracts membranous, ca. 3 mm, linear-acute, ciliate. Calyx ca. 9 mm, campanulate, covered with short, appressed black hairs; teeth subulate, ca. 4 mm, more densely black hairy. Petals purple. Standard ca. 18 X 6 mm, narrowly oblong, emarginate. Wings ca. 15 mm. Keel ca. 12.5 mm. Legumes shortly stipitate, narrowly oblong, 14-16 mm, keeled ventrally, subtriangular in cross-section; valves transversely reticulate, densely covered with spreading white hairs.

      *880 m. Xinjiang

19. Sect. Hemiphaca Bunge 1868, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 20.

裂翼组 lie yi zu

ÁÑÒí×é

A. sect. Oroboidei A. Gray; A. sect. Orobella Gontscharov.

      Plants perennial, with well developped stems, with basifixed hairs. Stipules free from the petiole, partly connate behind the stem or the upper or all free from each other. Leaves imparipinnate with marcescent petiole. Leaflets on upper side glabrous or with scattered hairs toward the margins only. Racemes loose or ± dense, borne on rather long axillary peduncles. Bracteoles absent. Calyx campanulate. Petals violet or blue, more rarely yellow, sometimes only when dry. Wings exceeding the keel, the limbs bifid, emarginate or obtuse. Keel shorter than wings. Legumes sessile or subsessile, rarely with a stipe up to 2 mm long, small, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, at least 2 times longer than wide but mostly longer, keeled ventrally, ± grooved dorsally, completely to incompletely bilocular or unilocular; valves membranous, mostly smooth, glabrous or hairy.

1a.    Calyx 5 mm or longer

   2a.     Leaflets touching, thickish, suborbicular to wider than long, 3–7 X 3–7 mm                     102. A. crassifolius

   2b.    Leaflets not touching, narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, rarely elliptic

      3a.    Calyx 8–9 mm; standard and wing limbs deeply cleft up to 1/3 of their length                   107. A. laceratus

      3b.    Calyx up to 7(–7.5) mm; standard emarginate, wing limbs rounded to emarginate

         4a.     Plants 8–10 cm tall, covered in vegetative parts with flattened, acuminate hairs; peduncle 1.5–3 cm; wing limbs obtriangular, widest at the deeply emarginate tip                                                                               112. A. nigrodentatus

         4b.    Plants dinstinctly taller, covered with terete hairs: peduncles at least 4 cm but mostly distinctly longer; wing limbs narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, rounded or slightly emarginate

             5a.    Leaflets in 9–11 pairs, 5–10 mm; bracts 2 mm, like the calyx partly covered with reddish brown hairs; ovary hairy                117. A. sedaensis

             5b.    Leaflets in 5–9 pairs, often longer; bracts mostly longer, like the calyx cavered with white or black hairs; ovary and legumes glabrous or hairy

                6a.     Calyx at least partly covered with spreading. flexuose, tangled hairs

                   7a.    Stem, rachis and peduncle covered at least partly with spreading black hairs up to 0.7 mm, with few white hairs mixed in; calyx teeth 0.3–1 mm; ovary with a stipe 1.5 mm, glabrous
                                                                                                                                  106. A. gongshanensis

                   7b.    Stem glabrous, rachis and peduncle only with appressed to slightly ascending white and black hairs up to 0.2 mm; calyx teeth 2–3 mm; ovary sessile, white hairy                                                                    113. A. ohbaensis

                6b.    Calyx covered only with appressed to subappressed hairs

                   8a.    Petals yellowish green with violet keel; standard 10–11 mm, without distinct claw; ovary white hairy               108. A. latiunguiculatus

                   8b.    Petals intensively blue to violet; standard 12–14 mm, with a short but distinct claw; ovary and legumes glabrous or black hairy

                      9a.     Plants covered with hairs 0.3–0.8(–1) mm; pedicels 2–5 mm; calyx teeth 0.5–1 mm, all crowded at the dorsal side; legumes 10–12 mm long, 5–6 mm high and wide, bilocular, glabrous 118. A. taipaishanensis Y.C.Ho & S.B.Ho

                      9b.    Plants covered with hairs 0.2–0.3 mm; pedicels ca. 1 mm; calyx teeth 1–3 mm, not crowded at the dorsal side; legumes ca. 8 mm long, 3.5 mm high, compressed laterally, black hairy
                                                                                                                                            115. A. peterae

1b.    Calyx up to 4 mm                                                                                                                                                              

   10a.      Stipules behind the stem high up connate

      11a.      Leaflets narrowly elliptic, 1.5–3.5 x 0.8–1.5 mm, on upper side hairy toward the margins; standard ca. 9 mm; wing limbs obtuse; plants densely caespitose with very short non-flowering stems
                                                                                                                                                    105. A. dutreuillii

      11b.     Leaflets linear, 5–12 x 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous on upper side; standard 7–7.5 mm; wing limbs emarginate to deeply incised; plants without short non-flowering stems                                                                            104. A. daqingshanicus

   10b.     Stipules free from each other or rarely very shortly connate

      12a.      Plants covered with distinctly flattened, often curved, tangled, merely white hairs 0.1–0.3 mm; leaflets in (2–)3(–4) pairs      114. A. pavlovii

      12b.     Plants with terete hairs; leaflets in more pairs

         13a.      Petals white with bluish tips or yellow, rarely with purple keel (see also alternative when dry)

             14a.      Leaflets in 8–11 pairs; petals whitish yellow; standard 7 x 6 mm, limb orbicular, abruptly contracted into the very short claw   119. A. tsangpoensis

             14b.     Leaflets in less pairs; petals of other colour; standard limb elliptic to obovate

                15a.      Leaflets linear, 5–6 times longer than wide, 8–15(–25) x 1–3 mm; petals white with bluish tips; legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm   109. A. lhorongensis

                15b.     Leaflets elliptic to obovate, two times longer than wide or slightly longer; petals of other colour; legumes sessile

                   16a.      Petals purple or yellow with purple keel; standard 9–11 mm, rounded or retuse; legumes 7–9 mm, incompletely to completely bilocular, glabrous                                                                              110. A. macropterus

                   16b.     Petals greenish-yellow also when dry; standard 7–8 mm, deeply incised; legumes ca. 4 mm, unilocular, on ventral side appressed white hairy                                                                                  100. A. alaschanus Bunge

         13b.     Petals lilac, blue or violet (in A. caeruleopetalinus and A. puberulus sometimes drying to yellow)

             17a.      Leaflets in 13–14 pairs, ca. 5 times longer than wide, 13–15 x 2–3 mm; legumes sparsely white hairy                                    111. A. nangxianensis

             17b.     Leaflets in up to 9 hairs, relatively wider; legumes (and ovary) glabrous or densely black hairy

                18a.      Bracts 2–3 mm, subglabrous; calyx 3–4 mm; legumes with a stipe ca. 2 mm, unilocular, densely appressed black hairy 101. A. caeruleopetalinus

                18b.     Bracts up to 1.5 mm, hairy; calyx at most up to 3 mm; legumes sessile or subsessile, incompletely to completely bilocular (unknown in A. dabanshanicus), glabrous (incl. ovary)

                   19a.      Leaflets in up to 6 pairs; raceme short, dense; bracts and calyx black hairy
                                                                                                                                  103. A. dabanshanicus

                   19b.     Leaflets in up to 9 pairs; racemes up to 12–15 cm, loosely many-flowered; bracts and calyx white and black hairy

                      20a.      Leaflets slightly more than two times longer than wide; petals purple; standard 9–11 mm
                                                                                                                                   110. A. macropterus

                      20b.     Leaflets 4–10 times longer than wide; petals purple, sometimes pale yellow when dry; standard 6–7 mm   116. A. puberulus

100. Astragalus alaschanus Bunge, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 24: 31. 1877.

阿拉善黄耆 a la shan huang qi

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A. chingianus E.Peter.

      Plants 8–20 cm tall, caespitose, covered with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems 5–10 cm, loosely to rather densely white hairy. Stipules greenish, 2–3 mm, the lower ones shortly connate behind the stem, the upper ones mostly free, sparsely to loosely hairy or only ciliate at the margins. Leaves 2–6 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely to rather densely hairy. Leaflets in (3–)5–8 pairs, elliptic to obovate, rounded to retuse or slightly emarginate, 3–7 X 2–5 mm, on upper side glabrous or with scattered hairs, on underside sparsely to loosely hairy. Peduncles 3–4 cm, white hairy like the rachis. Racemes up to 2 cm, rather densely up to 20-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, 0.8–1(–2) mm, black hairy or white ciliate. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, loosely white and / or black hairy; teeth unequal, 0.3–1 mm. Petals greenish-yellow (according to collector), yellowish when dry. Standard 7–8 X 4 mm, obovate to widely ovate, deeply incised. Wings 6–7 mm; limbs slightly emarginate. Keel 4.5–5 mm. Legumes sessile, obliquely ellipsoid, ca. 4 mm long, 1.5 mm high and 1 mm wide, keeled ventrally, rounded dorsally, with a short curved beak, unilocular; valves covered on ventral side loosely with short appressed white hairs. Seed one.

      2000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang [Mongolia].

101. Astragalus caeruleopetalinus Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 60. 1980.

蓝花黄耆 lan hua huang qi

À¶»¨»ÆêÈ

A. caeruleus H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, non Pall.

      Plants 20–25 cm tall. Stems several, up to 20 cm long, ascending, sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to ascending white and blackish hairs 0.1-0.3 mm, partly subglabrous. Stipules ca. 3 mm. Leaves 3–6 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 4–7 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 5–10 X 2.5–5 mm, obtuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely covered with appressed hairs 0.3–0.5 mm. Peduncle 4–9 cm, very sparsely to loosely white and towards the raceme increasingly black hairy. Raceme short, rather loosely 4–9-flowered. Bracts narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm, subglabrous. Calyx 3–4 mm, densely covered with appressed black hairs; teeth 1–1.5 mm. Petals blue, but yellowish with violet-tipped kel when dry. Standard 8–13 X 5 mm, widely obovate, without distinct claw. Wings 7–12 mm. Keel 5.5–9 mm. Legumes (unripe) with a stipe ca. 2 mm, ellipsoid, 5–6 mm long, ca. 4 mm high, unilocular; valves densely covered with short subappressed black hairs.

      *Alpine meadows. Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang.

A. caeruleopetalinus var. glabricarpus Y.C.Ho differs mainly by glabrous legumes.

102. Astragalus crassifolius Ulbrich, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 421. 1922.

厚叶黄耆 hou ye huang qi

ºñÒ¶»ÆêÈ

      Plants caespitose, up to 13 cm tall, covered very sparsely with subappressed hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems several, up to 6 cm, glabrous. Stipules ovate to suborbicular, 3–7 mm, glabrous. Leaves 3–5 cm, petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, like the rachis somewhat flattened, glabrous. Leaflets thickish, in 5–9 pairs, mostly touching, suborbicular or widely cordate, 3–7 X 3–7 mm, sometimes also kidney-shaped and wider than long, widely obtuse so slightly acute, widely rounded to retuse or slightly cordate at the base, glabrous on both sides or sparsely white hairy on underside. Peduncle 3–8 cm, very sparsely to loosely covered with white and toward the raceme black hairs. Raceme rather densely 7–12-flowered. Bracts elliptic, 5–7 mm, black hairy. Calyx 6–7 mm, rather densely black hairy; teeth 3–3.5 mm. Standard 9–10.5 X 7–7.5 mm, suborbicular, incised. Wings 9–10 mm. Keel ca. 7 mm. Legumes subsessile, obliquely ovoid, 10–13 mm long, 6–7 mm high and 4–6 mm wide, keeled ventrally, narrowly grooved dorsally, very shortly acuminate, nearly fully bilocular; valves thin, membranous, sparsely covered with ascending white hairs up to 1.5 mm and very short black hairs.

      *Alpine meadows, 3000-4900 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

103. Astragalus dabanshanicus Y.H.Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 20: 35. 1998.

大板山黄耆 da ban shan huang qi

      Plants 40–50 cm tall. Stems erect, 40–50 cm, sparsely white and black hairy or subglabrous. Stipules 2–3 mm, glabrous. Leaves 5–8 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, like the rachis sparsely white and black hairy. Leaflets in 4–6 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–18 X 3–6 mm, obtuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely covered with appressed, short white hairs. Peduncles 6–8 cm, shortly black hairy. Racemes short, densely many-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, subulate, ca. 1.5 mm, black hairy. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, sparsely shortly black hairy; teeth ca. 1 mm. Petals purple. Standard 6.5–7 x ca. 4 mm, elliptic, without distinct claw. Wings ca. 5 mm. Keel ca. 4 mm. Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *Qinghai

104. Astragalus daqingshanicus Z.G.Jiang & Z.T.Yin, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: 272. 1991.

大青山黄耆 da qing shan huang qi

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      Plants 10-20 cm tall. Stems several, sparsely white hairy. Stipules membranous, 4 mm, connate behind the stem, ciliate at the margins. Leaves 2-5.5 cm, subsessile. Leaflets in 6-7 pairs, narrowly oblong to very narrowly elliptic, 5-12 X 1-1.5 mm, acuminate, on upper side glabrous, on underside hairy. Peduncles 6-7 cm. Racemes 1-2.5 cm long, 2-10-flowered. Bracts membranous, subulate, 3-4 mm long, glabrous or sparsely white hairy. Calyx 3.5-4.5 mm, white and black hairy; teeth ca. 1 mm. Petals lilac, the keel purple. Standard 7-7.5 X 5–5.5 mm, widely elliptic, round-tipped. Wings ca. 7 mm; limbs deeply incised. Keel ca. 5.5 mm. Legumes sessile, ovoid, ca. 11 mm long, 4 mm high, obtusely keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, bilocular; valves subcoriaceous, glabrous. Seeds 5-6.

      *Nei Mongol.

105. Astragalus dutreuilii (Franch.) Grubov & N.Ulziykhutag., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 27: 93. 1990.

中昆仑黄耆 zhong kun lun huang qi

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Oxytropis dutreuilii Franch., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 322. 1897.

      Plants 6–12 cm tall, densely caespitose, covered with appressed to subappressed hairs, with very short non-flowering stems. Flowering stems erect, 5–10 cm, slender, loosely covered with white hairs 0.3–0.4 mm, with some black hairs mixed in. Stipules 3-4 mm, adnate to the petiole for 0.5-1 mm, high up vaginate-connate behind the stem, sparsely white hairy. Leaves 0.8-2 cm, subsessile; rachis loosely appressed hairy. Leaflets in 3-6 pairs, elliptic, obtuse to slightly retuse, 1.5-3.5 X 0.8-1.5 mm, on upper side toward the margins, on underside allover loosely hairy. Peduncles 1–4 cm, loosely white, toward the raceme increasingly blackish hairy. Racemes short, densely 6-8-flowered. Bracts membranous, 1–1.5 mm, sparsely black hairy. Calyx ca. 4 mm, loosely covered with greyish-black or black hairs 0.05–0.2 mm; teeth unequal, 1-2 mm. Standard ca. 9 X 5 mm, obovate to widely ovate, deeply incised. Wings ca. 8 mm; limbs obtuse-tipped. Keel ca. 7 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 1 mm, glabrous. Legumes unkonwn.

      *Xinjiang (Central Kuen-Lun).

106. Astragalus gongshanensis Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 17: 241. 2007.

贡山黄耆 gong shan huang qi

Plants ca. 30 cm tall. Stems ascending to erect, branched with short non-flowering side-branches, sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to spreading black hairs 0.3–0.7 mm, with some white hairs mixed in. Stipules greenish, 2–4 mm, linear-acute, free, sparsely hairy to subglabrous, ciliate at the margins. Leaves 5–8 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–8 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 8–20 X 3–8 mm, obtuse to retuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely covered with subappressed white hairs 0.4–0.8 mm. Peduncles 7–9 cm, loosely hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely ca. 12–20-flowered. Bracts membranous, very narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 5–6 mm, loosely, towards the teeth more densely covered with subappressed to spreading, tangled, flexuose black and white hairs 0.1–0.5 mm; teeth unequal, the upper (adaxial) ca. 1 mm, the lower (abaxial) ones 0.3–0.5 mm. Petals probably yellow. Standard ca. 10 X 4 mm, oblong. Wings ca. 9 mm. Keel ca. 8.5 mm. Ovary with a stipe ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *Yunnan (Gongshan).

107. Astragalus laceratus Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 144. 1907.

裂翼黄耆 lie yi huang .

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      Plants 10–40 cm tall, with subappressed hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Stems sterile or flowering, ascending to erect, 5–30 cm, sparsely to loosely white hairy. Stipules 7–12 mm, often amplexicaul but free from each other, sparsely white ciliate at the margins. Leaves 3–10 cm, petiole 0.5–1 cm, rachis sparsely to loosely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–6 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 6–17(–25) X 2.5–4(–6) mm, acute to subobtuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely hairy. Peduncles 5–16 cm, sparsely white hairy in lower part, densely black hairy in upper part. Racemes 10–18-flowered. Bracts whitish-greenish-membranous, 5–10(–14) mm, sparsely black hairy. Calyx 8–9 mm, loosely black hairy; teeth 2–3.5 mm. Petals violet. Standard 13–16 X 6.5–7 mm, ovate, deeply cleft up to 1/4. Wings 10–13 mm; limbs deeply bifurcate (up to 1/3 of the length). Keel 7–9 mm. Legumes sessile, widely ovoid-inflated, 6-11 mm long, slightly keeled ventrally, rounded dorsally, unilocular; valves glabrous.

      Xinjiang (Kyrgyzstan].

108. Astragalus latiunguiculatus Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 60. 1980.

宽爪黄耆 kuan zhao huang qi

¿íצ»ÆêÈ

      Plants 8–25 cm tall, caespitose. Stems several to many, in lower parts sparsely, in upper part up to densely covered with appressed to subappressed black hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stipules 3–5 mm, sparsely predominantly white hairy and ciliate to subglabrous. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 1–2 cm, with the rachis sparsely to loosely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–12 X 2–4.5 mm, subacute to rounded, on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely covered with short white hairs. Peduncles 5–9 cm, densely hairy like the stem. Racemes 1.5-2.5 cm, 6–10-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, linear, 3–4 mm, white and blackish hairy. Calyx 5–6 mm, rather densely covered with appressed blackish hairs 0.05–0.2 mm; teeth 1.5–2 mm. Petals yellowish-green, keel violet. Standard 10–11 X ca. 7 mm, obovate, without distinct claw. Wings 9-10 mm. Keel 7–8 mm. Ovary subsessile, shortly white hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *Alpine slopes, 3630-4360 m. Sichuan.

109. Astragalus lhorongensis P.C.Li & C.C.Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(3): 368. 1980.

洛隆黄耆 luo long huang qi

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      Plants 30–40 cm tall, covered with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Stems erect, branched, at the base sparsely, otherwise loosely to rather densely white and black hairy. Stipules 2–5 mm, free, sparsely white and black hairy. Leaves 4–10 cm, petiole 0.5–2 cm, with the rachis sparsely to loosely hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, linear, 8–15(–25) X 1–3 mm, subacute, on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely appressed white hairy. Peduncles 9–12 cm, sparsely to loosely hairy like the stem. Racemes 4–6 cm , loosely many-flowered, at fruiting time elongated up to 10 cm or more. Bracts whitish-membranous, 1.5–2 mm, black hairy. Calyx 3–3.5 mm, rather densely covered with predominantly black hairs; teeth 0.5–1 mm. Petals whitish with bluish tipped keel. Standard ca. 7 X 5 mm, widely rhombic-elliptic, round-tipped, without distinct claw. Wings 7 mm; limbs round-tipped. Keel 5 mm. Legumes spreading to pendulous, with a stipe ca. 2 mm, oblong, 6–10 mm long, 3 mm high, 2 mm wide, keeled ventrally, narrowly grooved dorsally, very shortly acuminate, unilocular; valves glabrous. Seeds two.

      *3300-3600 m. Xizang.

110. Astragalus macropterus A.P.DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 283. 1825.

大翼黄耆 da yi huang qi

´óÒí»ÆêÈ

A. vicioides Ledebour; A. longipes Karelin & Kirilov; A. vicioides var. longipes Trautvetter; A. pseudomacropterus Karmyscheva; A. karaculensis Ovczinnikov & Rassulova; A. multicaulis Ledebour.

      Plants 20–90 cm tall, covered with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.1–0.35 mm. Stems several, simple or branched, sparsely to loosely covered with white, toward the nodes ore elsewhere with scattered black hairs, sometimes glabrescent. Stipules 3–5 mm, free, soon falling. Leaves 4–7 cm, subsessile; rachis sparsely to loosely hairy. Leaflets in 4–9 pairs, narrowly oblong to oblong, 3–15(–20) X 1–7 mm, acute to obtuse, on upper side glabrius, on underside sparsely to loosely hairy. Peduncles 5–15 cm, glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy. Racemes 3-12 cm long, loosely many-flowered. Bracts whitish, 1–1.5 mm, hairy, soon falling. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, loosely covered with white and predominantly black hairs; teeth 0.5–1 mm. Petals purple or yellowish with purple keel. Standard 9–11 X 4–5.5 mm, elliptic, rounded to retuse or more rarely emarginate, mostly without distinct claw. Wings nearly as long as the standard; limbs obtuse to more rarely slightly incised. Keel 5–6 mm. Legumes sessile, obliquely ovoid, 7–9 mm long, ca. 3 mm high, keeled ventrally, widely flattened to slightly impressed dorsally, semibilocular to nearly bilocular; valves brown, glabrous.

      Steppes, stony slopes, in scrub formations, 1600-3800 m. Gansu, Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia (Siberia), Tajikistan].

111. Astragalus nangxianensis P.C.Li & C.C.Ni, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(3): 368. 1980.

朗县黄耆 lang xian huang qi

      Plants ca. 30 cm tall. Stems branched in upper part, striate, sparsely hairy, glabrescent with age. Stipules ca. 4 mm, narrowly triangular, free from the petiole, ciliate. Leaves 5-7 cm, petiole and rachis sparsely hairy. Leaflets in 13-14 pairs, narrowly ovate, 13-15 X 2-3 mm, obtuse-tipped, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely appressed hairy to subglabrous. Peduncles longer than leaves, sparsely hairy. Racemes many-flowered. Calyx ca. 4 mm, campanulate, covered with white and black hairs; teeth ca. 1 mm. Petals lilac. Standard ca. 8 mm, limb orbicular. Wings ca. 7 mm. Keel ca. 6 mm. Ovary stipitate, sparsely hairy. Legumes ovoid, ca. 5 mm long, 2 mm high, sparsely hairy, incompletely bilocular.

*Xizang (Nang Xian).

112. Astragalus nigrodentatus Podlech & L.R.Xu, Novon 14: 225. 2004.

黑齿黄耆 hei chi huang qi

ºÚ³Ý»ÆêÈ

Plants 8-10 cm tall, covered in vegetative parts with flattened, long acuminate white hairs widest near the base and elsewhere with slender black hairs. Stems ascending, at the base stolon-like, glabrous, with few, remote leaveless stipules, in upper part loosely to rather densely covered with stiff, ascending to spreading white, toward the nodes mostly black hairs 0.6-0.8 mm. Stipules 6-7 mm, those without developed leaves connate up to the middle, the other ones free from each other, the lower ones glabrous, the upper ones loosely white and black hairy. Leaves 3-5 cm, petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, with the rachis loosely white hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6-8 pairs, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, 5-14 X 2.5-5 mm, on upper side glabrous but with densely white hairy margins, on underside loosely covered with appressed hairs 0.2-0.5 mm. Peduncles 1.5-3.5 cm, loosely to densely covered with subappressed black hairs 0.3-1 mm. Racemes short, densely many-flowered. Bracts 4-6 mm, predominantly black hairy. Calyx ca. 5 mm, densely covered with ascending to partly nearly spreading black hairs; teeth ca. 2 mm. Petals probably violet in life, pale yellowish-brown when dry. Standard ca. 9 X 4 mm, oblong, widely and deeply incised, without distinct claw. Wings ca. 7.5 mm; limbs obtriangular, widest at the widely and deeply incised tip. Keel 6.5 mm. Ovary subsessile, ellipsoid, glabrous. Legumes unknown.

      *E Xizang (Kam distr.).

113. Astragalus ohbaensis Podlech, Feddes Repert. 116: 56. 2005.

奥巴黄耆 ao ba huang qi

      Plants 20–25 cm tall, caespitose. Stems several, up to the middle only with few leaves, glabrous. Stipules greenish-membranous, 6–9 mm, adnate to the petiole for 1–2 mm, otherwise free, glabrous. Leaves 3–4 cm, subsessile; rachis glabrous or very sparsely covered with white and black ± appressed hairs 0.1–0.2 mm. Leaflets in 5–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5–12 X 2–4 mm, obtuse to subacute, on upper side glabrous, on underside sparsely covered with appressed white hairs up to 0.3 mm long, sometimes only at the margins and midvein. Peduncles 4.5–8 cm, sparsely covered with appressed to slightly ascending white and black hairs up to 0.3 mm. Racemes 1.5–2 cm, rather densely  6–10-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, ca. 5 mm, linear, acute, sparsely white and black hairy. Calyx 6–7.5 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with subappressed to partly spreading, flexuose, tangled, predominantly black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm; teeth unequal, 2–3 mm long. Petals pale blue, drying pale yellow. Standard ca. 12 X 7 mm, widely ovate, deeply bilobed. Wings ca. 11 mm; limbs narrowly obovate, shortly but distinctly incised. Keel ca. 8 mm. Ovary subsessile, narrowly ellipsoid, very sparsely white hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *Xinjiang (Kuen-Lun)-

114. Astragalus pavlovii B.Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja, Bjull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 38: 90. 1929.

了墩黄耆　liao dun huang qi

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A. lioui H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu.

      Plants 10–20 cm tall, covered with appressed to subappressed, distinctly flattened, often curved, merely white hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. Stems several, 6–18 cm, rather densely hairy. Stipules ca. 2 mm, free or more rarely very shortly connate behind the stem, loosely to rather densely hairy. Leaves 2–4 cm, petiole 1–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely to mostly densely hairy. Leaflets in (2–)3(–4) pairs, elliptic to obovate, 7–13 X 3–8 mm, rounded to widely retuse or emarginate, on upper side glabrous or sparsely hairy, on underside loosely to densely hairy. Peduncles 1.5–4 cm, rather densely hairy. Racemes loosely to rather densely 10–20-flowered. Bracts 0.5–1 mm, loosely hairy. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, loosely to rather densely hairy; teeth 0.3–0.8 mm. Petals pale purplish (when dry). Standard 8 X 3.5 mm, elliptic, emarginate, without distinct claw. Wings 7 mm; limbs incised. Keel ca. 5.5 mm. Legumes sessile, obliquely erect, narrowly oblong, 8–10 mm long, 3 mm high and 2–2.5 mm wide, keeled ventrally, widely grooved dorsally, very shortly acuminate, bilocular; valves very finely reticulately veined, glabrous. Seeds mostly 2 in each locule.

      Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].

115. Astragalus peterae H.T.Tsai & T.T.Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Peiping, Bot. Ser., 7: 27. 1936.

川青黄耆 chuan qing huang qi

´¨Çà»ÆêÈ

      A, abramovii Gontsch.; A. brachytropis (DC.) C.A.Mey. f. gigantea Lipsky; A. pseudobrachytropis Gontsch.

      Plants 25–35 cm tall. Stems several, up to 30 cm, glabrous or very sparsely furnished with subappressed, predominantly black hairs 0.2–0.3 mm. Stipules 4–9 mm, glabrous or with few hairs. Leaves 5–9 cm, petiole 0.3–1 cm, like the rachis sparsely to loosely covered with subappressed to ascending short black and white hairs. Leaflets in 7–9 pairs, elliptic, 5–10 X 2.5–5 mm, obtuse to retuse, those of upper leaves mostly narrower, up to 15 x 3.5 mm, acute or minutely mucronulate, all on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely covered with appressed white hairs. Peduncle 6–11 cm, loosely or below the raceme rather densely covered with subappressed, black hairs. Raceme 3–4.5 cm long, rather densely many-flowered. Bracts whitish-membranous, linear-acute, 5–10 mm, black hairy. Calyx 6–7 mm, densely subappressed black hairy; teeth 1–3 mm. Petals blue or purple. Standard 12–14 X 7–8 mm, widely elliptic, deeply incised. Wings 9–10 mm. Keel 7–8 mm. Legumes subsessile, pendulous, narrowly oblong, 4–10 mm long, 3.5–4 mm high, 3.5 mm wide, with a beak ca. 1–1.5 mm, incompletely bilocular to nearly fully bilocular; valves densely covered with ascending to spreading black hairs 0.3–0.5 mm, with scattered white hairs mixed in.

      2800-3800 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang  [Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan].

116. Astragalus puberulus Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 3: 299. 1831.

茸毛黄耆 rong mao huang qi

      Plants 20–45 cm tall, with appressed to subappressed hairs 0.1-0.3 mm. Stems several, erect, 15–40 cm, angular, loosely to rather densely white hairy, sometimes glabrescent with age. Stipules 1.5-3 mm, narrowly triangular, free, sparsely appressed white hairy. Leaves 2–6 cm, subsessile; rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 6–9 pairs, linear to narrowly oblong, 3–15 X 0.5–3 mm, obtuse to retuse, on upper side glabrous or with scattered hairs only, on underside loosely to densely white hairy. Peduncles 3-10 cm, loosely to densely hairy like the stem. Racemes 3–15 cm, loosely 15-30-flowered. Bracts ca. 1 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 2–3 mm, rather densely covered with appressed white and black hairs; teeth 0.3-0.5 mm. Petals pale lilac. Standard 5–7 mm long, widely obovate, retuse, with short claw. Wings 4–6 mm.. Keel 3.5–5 mm. Legumes sessile, erect, obliquely ovate seen from the side, with straight ventral side, 6–7 mm long, 2.5–4 mm high, keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, subobtuse at the tip, bilocular; valves finely cross-nerved, glabrous.

Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia).

117. Astragalus sedaensis Y.C.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 64. 1980.

色达黄耆 se da huang qi

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Plants 10-15 cm tall. Stems several, with short white and black hairs. Stipules 2-3 mm, hairy. Leaves 5-7 cm, petiole ca. 1 cm. Leaflets in 9-11 pairs, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5-10 X 2-4 mm, obtuse to slightly retuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside white hairy. Peduncles 4-6 cm. Raceme 2-3 cm, dense. Bracts membranous, narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm, coverd with white ro reddish brown hairs. Calyx ca. 5 mm, with ascending, short, reddish-brown hairs; teeth ca. 1.5 mm. Petals yellow. Standard ca. 12 X 6 mm, obovate. Wings 9-10 mm. Keel ca. 7 mm. Ovary subsessile, ovoid, hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *4300 m. Sichuan.

118. Astragalus taipaishanensis Y.C.Ho & S.B.Ho, Bull. Bot. Lab. North-East. Forest. Inst. 1980(8): 63. 1980.

太白山黄耆 tai bai shan huang qi

Ì«°×ɽ»ÆêÈ

Plants 20–40 cm tall, loosely hairy. Stems ascending to erect, with appressed to subappressed white hairs 0.3–0.8(–1) mm. Stipules 5–10 mm, sparsely hairy to subglabrous, ciliate at the margins. Leaves 3–9 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, with the rachis hairy like the stem. Leaflets in 5–9 pairs, oblong to narrowly ovate, 5–20 X 2–8 mm, obtuse to retuse, on upper side glabrous or more rarely with scattered hairs only, on underside especially at the midrib loosely covered with subappressed white hairs 0.2–0.5 mm. Peduncles 5–7 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes loosely 7–12-flowered. Bracts membranous, narrowly triangular, 2–5 mm, white and black hairy. Calyx 5–6 mm, loosely, towards the teeth more densely covered with subappressed, predominantly black hairs 0.5–0.8 mm; teeth narrowly triangular, all near together at the dorsal side, 1–2 mm. Petals violet. Standard 12–14 X ca. 6 mm, obovate. Wings 10–13 mm. Keel 9–11 mm. Legumes subsessile, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–12 mm long, 5–6 mm high and wide, keeled ventrally, grooved dorsally, acuminate, bilocular; valves glabrous.

      *2400-2900 m. Gansu, Shaanxi.

119. Astragalus tsangpoensis Podlech & L.-R.Xu, Sendtnera 7: 191. 2001.

藏布黄耆　zang bu huang qi

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      Plants at least 30 cm tall (basal parts missing), covered with subappressed to ascending hairs 0.3–0.7 mm. Stem branched, glabrous in basal parts, otherwise sparsely to loosely white and black hairy. Stipules 3–5 mm, free, sparsely white and black hairy. Leaves 3–7 cm, petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, like the rachis loosely to rather densely mostly white hairy. Leaflets in 8–11 pairs, elliptic, acute, 4–9 X 1–2.5 mm, on upper side glabrous, on underside loosely to rather densely subappressed white hairy. Peduncles 5–6 cm, hairy like the stem. Racemes 1.5–2.5 cm, loosely 6–10-flowered. Bracts 1.5–2 mm, sparsely white and black hairy. Bracteoles rarely present. Calyx ca. 3 mm, loosely to rather densely covered with white or white and black hairs; teeth ca. 1 mm. Petals (in dry state) whitish yellow or very slightly pale bluish-suffused. Standard ca. 7 X 6 mm, orbicular, widely emarginate. Wings ca. 6.5 mm, limbs round-tipped. Keel ca. 5 mm. Ovary sessile, ellipsoid, white hairy. Legumes unknown.

      *3600 m. Xizang (Lhasa region).

20. Sect. Melilotopsis Gontsch., in Fl. URSS 12: 878. 1946.

假草木樨组 jia cao mu xi zu

Perennials with long, commonly branched stems. Stipules free. Leaves imparipinnate. Racemes born on long slender peduncles, from beginning of anthesis loosely many-flowered. Flowers small. Calyx campanulate. Wing limbs slightly to distinctly bilobed. Legumes subsessile, small, globular-ovoid to subobcordate, bilocular, valves smooth or rarely cross-wrinkled.

1a.    Raceme 28–32 cm, loosely 25–50-flowered; bracts 3–4 mm; calyx 4–5 mm; standard ca. 10 mm
                                                                                                                                                                                             123. A. guinanicus

1b.    Raceme mostly much shorter, sometimes up to 15 cm; bracts, calyx and standard distinctly shorter

   2a.    Stems ± densely covered with appressed to spreading hairs; wing limbs deeple bilobed                               3

      3a.    Rachis appressed hairy; leaflets ca. 4 times longer than wide, 5–12 X 1.5–3 mm; petals orange; legumes glabrous      122. A. dependens

      3b.    Rachis partly with spreading hairs; leaflets two times longer than wide, 2–4 X 1–2 mm; petals yellow; legumes very shortly white hairy                                                                                                                                          124. A. huiningensis

   2b.    Stems glabrous or with scattered hairs only; wing limbs slightly emarginate to bilobed; legumes always glabrous       

      4a.    Leaflets in 1(–2) pair, sometimes only the terminal leaflet present, more than 10 times longer than wide
                                                                                                                                                                               126. A. tenuis

      4b.    Leaflets in at least 2 pairs, at most 5 times longer than wide                                                                              

         5a.     Rachis sparsely to loosely covered with appressed to partly spreading hairs up to 0.5 mm; leaflets in 3–5 pairs, up to 10 mm; bracts 2–3 mm; calyx teeth equally distributed                                                                120. A. aurantiacus

         5b.    Rachis glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed hairs up to 0.2 mm; leaflets in 2–4 pairs, up to 20 mm; bracts 0.5–1 mm; calyx teet all crowded at the lower (abaxial) side                                                                                                         

             6a.    Stipules 1–1.5 mm, narrowly triangular, white hairy; peduncle white hairy; calyx 1.5–2 mm; leaflets in 2–3 pairs, subflabellately crowded, narrowly obovate, 5–20(–30) X 1–4(–6) mm
                                                                                                                                             125. A. melilotoides

             6b.    Stipules 2–3 mm, from widely triangular base subabruptly subulate-acuminate, glabrous; peduncle predominantly black hairy; calyx 2.5–3 mm; leaflets in 2–4 pairs, not subflabellately crowded, elliptic, 5–20 X 3–8 mm 121. A. capillipes

120. Astragalus aurantiacus H.Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. Pt. 7: 557. 1933.

橙黄花黄耆  cheng huang hua huang qi

³È»Æ»¨»ÆêÈ

A. dependens Bunge var. aurantiacus (H.Handel-Mazzetti) Y.C.Ho; A. dependens var. flavescens Y.C.Ho; A. dependens var. sericeus K.T.Fu.

      Plants up to 65 cm tall, with subappressed to nearly spreading hairs 0.1-0.5 mm. Stems erect, glabrous or with scattered hairs. Stipules whitish-membranous, 3–4 mm, subglabrous, free from each other. Leaves 1.5–4 cm, subsessile; rachis slender, sparsely to loosely covered with subappressed to spreading white and few black hairs. Leaflets in 3–7 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–10 X 1.5–3 mm, rounded to retuse or slightly emarginate, on upper side sparsely, on underside rather densely hairy. Peduncles 6–26 cm long, sparsely to loosely covered with ascending white or black hairs. Racemes at anthesis densely many-flowered, later on strongly elongated up to15 cm. Bracts 2–3 mm, long subulate-acuminate, mostly black hairy. Calyx 2–2.5 mm, loosely covered with appressed black and few white hairs 0.1–0.15 mm; teeth 0.3–0.5 mm. Petals orange. Standard 5–6 X 3–4 mm, obovate, widely emarginate. Wings 5–5.5 mm; limbs slightly obliquely incised. Keel 4.5–5 mm. Legumes sessile, widely ellipsoid, 4 mm long, 3 mm high, 2 mm wide, slightly keeled ventrally, deeply grooved dorsally, round-tipped with a persistent style ca. 2 mm, bilocular, glabrous. Seed one in each locule.

*Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang.

121. Astragalus capillipes Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg 11(16): 20. 1868 in clave [et l.c. 15(1): 21. 1869].

草珠黄耆 cao zhu huang qi

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      A. satoi Kitagawa

Plants 40–50 cm tall, sparsely furnished with appressed, white and black hairs 0.1–0.2 mm. Stems erect, 35–40 cm, strongly branched, glabrous. Stipules membranous, 2–3 mm, nearly free from each other, glabrous. Leaves 2–5 cm, petiole 0.5–1 cm, like the rachis slender, glabrous. Leaflets in 2–6 pairs, narrowly elliptic, 5–20 X 2.5–8 mm, rounded to retuse, on upper side glabrous, on underside glabrous or up to loosely covered with ± appressed white hairs. Peduncles 2–9 cm long, subglabrous or sparsely to loosely covered with subappressed to ascending, very short, mainly black hairs. Racemes 3–20 cm, loosely many-flowered. Bracts 0.5–1 mm, glabrous or with few black hairs. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, subg