Fabaceae Tribe MILLETTIEAE [Draft]
鸡血藤族 ji xue teng zu
Wei Zhi (韦直)1, Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao)2, Zhang Dianxiang (张奠湘)2; Les Pedley3
Trees, lianas, or shrubs. Stipules often caducous. Leaves pulvinate, usually odd-pinnate; stipels present or absent; leaflets 1--50 or perhaps more, opposite or rarely subalternate. Inflorescences various, elongated racemes, more often flowers in fascicles arranged in pseudoracemes or pseudopanicles, sometimes cauline. Flowers papilionoid. Bacteoles usually present. Calyx various, truncate or with 4 or 5 short lobes. Corolla standard with or without basal calluses; wing petals free or ± less adherent to keel; keel petals valvately connate along upper margin. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; vexillary filament free or connate to other 9; anthers versatile, sometimes with trichomes. Disk generally present, tubular, surrounding stipe of ovary; ovary with 1--12 or more ovules; stigma small, capitate. Legumes dehiscent or indehiscent, winged or not; valves woody or papery. Seeds variously shaped, flat or round in cross section; seed coat hard or woody; embryo with a straight or bent radicle.
Widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions of world, poorly represented in Australia, Callerya extending into temperate parts of China, and Wisteria extends into temperate parts of E Asia and North America: 13 genera and 83 species (36 endemic and 5 exotic) in China.
1a. Inflorescences racemes or panicles; flowers solitary in axil of a bract.
2a. Inflorescences racemose; bracts longer than corresponding flower buds, persistent and covering them completely until anthesis.
3a. Corolla standard with 2 basal curved laminar calluses; ovary with trichomes, with 2 ovules; legume inflated, tardily dehiscent with 1 or 2 seeds; valves thickly woody ..................................... 5. Afgekia
3b. Corolla standard without basal calluses; ovary glabrous, with 9--12 ovules; legume linear, raised over seeds, dehiscing along adaxial suture, with 4--10 seeds; exocarp fleshy (papery when dry) and endocarp thin leathery lining seed cavity .............................................................................................. 6. Sarcodum
2b. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate; bracts occasionally as long as flower buds, not persistent or not covering them completely.
4a. Trees; stipels absent; flowers 0.8--1 cm; corolla standard elongated ovate, length-width ratio 2--2.5; anthers dehiscing by short terminal slits; legumes dehiscent, thickly woody, not winged, with 1 or 2 seeds ................................................................................................................................... 4. Antheroporum
4b. Lianas or sprawling trees or shrubs; stipels present, caducous, or absent; flowers 0.8--3 cm or more; corolla standard ovate to orbicular, length-width ratio less than 2; legume tardily or not dehiscent, leathery or woody, winged or not, with 1--10 seeds.
5a. Flowers in pendent racemes; corolla standard with 2 distinct basal calluses forming a ridge on distal part of claw; legume leathery, compartmented, not winged ........................................ 11. Wisteria
5b. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles, not pendent; corolla standard either without calluses or calluses not forming a ridge on distal part of claw; legume not compartmented, winged or not.
6a. Corolla wings free from keel at least proximally; ovary sessile or stipitate; legume with 1 or 2 wings; seed hilum excentric ...................................................................................... 3. Aganope
6b. Corolla wings often partially adnate to keel; ovary stipitate; legumes not winged; seed hilum not markedly excentric ....................................................................................................... 9. Callerya
1b. Inflorescences pseudo-racemes or pseudo-panicles; flowers inserted on short lateral branches of floral axis (brachyblasts), these occasionally reduced to a bract subtending 2 or 3 bracteate flowers.
7a. Leaflet secondary veins numerous, straight, closely parallel, mostly with few or no anastomoses, extending to the margins; legumes not woody; shrubs or herbs with woody bases ................................. 13. Tephrosia
7b. Leaflets secondary veins relatively few, curved, usually anastomosing, not extending to margins; shrubs, trees, or lianas.
8a. Inflorescences cauliflorous on trunk or older branches or axillary on branchlets of previous year; supra-axillary buds covered by many subulate cataphylls ................................................................. 7. Fordia
8b. Inflorescences not on older branches, trunks or branchlets of previous year; buds not covered by cataphylls.
9a. Flowers borne on slight protuberances of floral axis, mixed occasionally with single flowers.
10a. Ovary with (1 or)2--10 ovules; legume dehiscent, flat, sometimes inflated but then their secondary nerves reaching margins, or legumes velutinous ............................... 8. Millettia
10b. Ovary with 1(or 2) ovule; legume indehiscent, thick with their secondary veins not reaching margins, glabrous ................................................................................................... 10. Pongamia
9b. Flowers borne on distinct projections of the floral axis (brachyblasts).
11a. Leaves with 3 leaflets, laterals leaflets markedly asymmetrical; stamens diadelphous ... 12. Craspedolobium
11b. Leaves with 7--21 leaflets, or if fewer leaflets (1--5) then laterals ones symmetrical; stamens monadelphous or rarely vexillary stamen free in bud and adherent to others in mature flowers.
12a. Legume dehiscent, not winged on sutures or with 2 wings perpendicular to the adaxial or both adaxial and abaxial sutures; flowers 2--5 in clusters or fascicles on knoblike brachyblasts ........................................................................................................ 8. Millettia
12b. Legume indehiscent, winged on both abaxial and adaxial sutures; flowers 3--15 or more at tip of brachyblasts or scattered along them.
13a. Flowers 3--15 or more usually scattered along knoblike or slender brachyblasts; corolla standard without calluses; anthers without indumentum ......................... 1. Derris
13b. Flowers (3--)5 at tip of slender brachyblasts; corolla standard with prominent basal calluses; anthers usually with some indumentum .............................. 2. Paraderris
1. DERRIS Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 432. 1790, nom. cons.
鱼籐属 yu teng shu
Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley
Brachypterum Wight & Arnott.
Lianas, rarely erect shrubs or trees. Stipules small. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels absent; leaflets opposite, margins entire. Inflorescences axillary pseudoracemes, these often combined with terminal or axillary pseudopanicles; rachis nodes with 1 to many flowers, fascicled or on a short spur or branchlet; bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous. Calyx campanulate or cup-shaped, apex subtruncate or with 4 or 5 short and broad teeth. Corolla white, purplish red, or pink, longer than calyx; standard broad, usually glabrous but outside sometimes subglabrous or pubescent, without basal calluses; wings long clawed, often auriculate, adhering to keel; keels incurved, base often auriculate, apex blunt. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sessile or with a short stipe, with 1--11 ovules; style incurved; stigma capitate. Legume globose, oblong, or ligulate-oblong, indehiscent; adaxial suture or both adaxial and abaxial sutures with a narrow wing. Seeds 1 to several per legume, reniform, compressed.
About 50 species: tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific Islands; 16 species (9 endemic) in China.
1a. Legume winged only on adaxial suture.
2a. Leaflets more than 13.
3a. Leaflet blades 1.5--4 cm; trees ............................................................................................................ 1. D. robusta
3b. Leaflet blades 5--7.5 cm, lianas ...................................................................................................... 2. D. eriocarpa
2b. Leaflets blades 11 or less.
4a. Leaflet blades (3 or)5(or 7) ............................................................................................................... 5. D. trifoliata
4b. Leaflet blades 7--11.
5a. Leaflet blades abaxially densely puberulous .................................................................. 3. D. yunnanensis
5b. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous ...................................................................................... 4. D. harrowiana
1b. Legume winged on both sutures.
6a. Leaflet blades abaxially pubescent or puberulous.
7a. Branchlets robust, densely rust-colored pubescent; leaflets 5--9, blades adaxially shiny; legume with wing of abaxial suture only slightly narrower than wing of adaxial suture ........................................ 6. D. ferruginea
7b. Branchlets slender, glabrescent; leaflets 5, blades adaxially not shiny; legume with wings of abaxial suture almost 1/2 width of adaxial suture wing ..................................................................................... 7. D. cavaleriei
6b. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous.
8a. Flowers in pseudoracemes.
9a. Leaflet blade apices caudate-acuminate; calyx glabrous ............................................ 8. D. caudatilimba
9b. Leaflet blade apices obtusely acuminate to shortly acuminate; calyx puberulous or pilose.
10a. Legume adaxial wing 4--5 mm wide......................................... .................................11. D. tonkinensis
10b. Legume adaxial wing to ca. 3 mm wide.
11a. Leaflet blades 5 or 7; legume abaxial wing 2--3 mm broad .......................... 9. D. breviramosa
11b. Leaflet blades 7--13; legume abaxial wing 0.5--1 mm broad ...................... 10. D. scabricaulis
8b. Flowers in pseudopanicles.
12a. Rachis of inflorescences pilose, hispidulous, or pubescent.
13a. Trees or shrubs ......................................................................................................... 11. D. tonkinensis
13b. Lianas.
14a. Leaflet blades 5 or 7, thickly papery to thinly leathery; legume 4--10 cm, thinly leathery 12. D. fordii
14b. Leaflet blades (3 or)5, leathery; legume 2--5 cm, leathery ............................. 13. D. alborubra
12b. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous.
15a.Leaflet blades 5, closely inserted on a very short rachis, forming subpalmate leaves ......... 16. D. palmifolia
15b. Leaflet blades 5 or 7, forming distant pinnate leaves.
16a. Leaflet blades obovate-elliptic to obovate; flowers fascicled on branches of inflorescences ................................................................................................................................ 14. D. marginata
16b. Leaflet blades elliptic; flowers scattered on branches of inflorescences ...... 15. D. laxiflora
1. Derris robusta (Roxburgh ex Candolle) Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 104. 1860.
大籐鱼籐 da yu teng shu
Dalbergia robusta Roxburgh ex Candolle, Prod. 2: 417. 1825; Brachypterum robustum (Roxburgh ex Candolle) Dalzell & Gibson.
Trees, 10--15 m tall, deciduous. Branches slightly sparsely pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 10--15 cm, including petiole 1.5--4 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to obovate, 1.5--4 X 0.9--1.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces puberulous or adaxially glabrous, base obliquely cuneate, apex obtuse and shortly cuspidate. Pseudoracemes axillary, elongated, 5--15 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 4--5 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx campanulate, 2--5 mm, outside sericeous; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla white; petals clawed; standard orbicular-subcordate. Ovary puberulous. Legume linear-oblong, flat, 3.5--5 X 0.9--1 cm, glabrous or puberulous, both ends narrowed; adaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--5(--10) per legume. Fl. Feb--Apr, fr. May--Jan. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes; 300--1600 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
2. Derris eriocarpa F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 223. 1954.
毛果鱼籐 mao guo yu teng
Lianas. Young shoots rust-colored puberulous. Leaf rachis 20--30 cm, including petiole 5--6 cm, with 13 or 15 leaflets; rachis and petiole canaliculate, sparsely puberulous; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-oblong but apical one obovate-elliptic, 5--7.5 X 2--2.5 cm, stiffly papery, both surfaces appressed scattered yellowish puberulous, base obliquely rounded to obtuse, apex shortly acuminate to slightly obtuse. Pseudoracemes axillary, solitary, longer than leaves; rachis yellowish puberulous; rachis nodes with 3--10 flowers, fascicled or on a 2--4 mm spur. Pedicel filiform, 4--5 mm, appressed yellowish pubescent. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 3--4 mm long and wide, outside densely yellowish pubescent; teeth small, unequal in length. Corolla white flushed with red; standard elliptic-ovate, outside glabrous or sparsely puberulous along veins, base truncate and shallowly cordate, apex slightly emarginate. Stamens unequal in length. Ovary villous. Legume linear-oblong, flat, 6--11 X 1.2--1.6 cm, sparsely villous, base attenuate into a stipe, apex apiculate; adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--8 per legume. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Sep--Jan.
Sparse forests on mountain slopes; 800--1600 m. Guangxi, S Guizhou, S Yunnan [N Thailand].
3. Derris yunnanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 2: 69. 1952.
云南鱼籐 yun nan yu teng
Lianas, large. Young shoots, petioles, pedicels, bracteoles, and legumes yellowish puberulous. Branchlets robust. Leaf rachis ca. 25 cm, including petiole 4--4.5 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong or apical one oblanceolate, 6.5--11 X 2--3.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely yellowish puberulous, adaxially glabrous or yellowish puberulous in vein axils, base widely cuneate, apex obtusely acuminate. Infructescences axillary, Pseudoracemes, axillary, 20--30 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 flowers born singly along a short branchlet; bracts linear. Pedicel ca 2.5 mm. Flowers 1.4--2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 4--6 mm, puberulous; teeth 5, abaxial tooth longer than others, adaxial 2 teeth subconnate. Corolla glaucous whitish, 1--1.4 cm; petals all long clawed. Ovary sessile, densely pubescent; style long and incurved, glabrous. Legume oblong, flat, 5--15 X 2--2.5 cm, densely yellowish brown short villous, base abruptly constricted, apex obtusely acute; adaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Oct.
* Cliff bases in mountains; ca. 2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
4. Derris harrowiana (Diels) Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 290. 1985.
大理鱼籐 da li yu teng
Millettia harrowiana Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 246. 1912.
Lianas. Branches with tuberculate whitish lenticels. Leaf rachis 10--12 cm, including petiole 6--8 cm, with 7--11 leaflets, juvenile at anthesis; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to sometimes narrowly ovate, 4.5--5.5 X 1.5--2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes 12--16 cm including peduncle; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, densely rust-colored sericeous; teeth short. Corolla whitish or rose red, ca. 7 mm. Stamens 7--8 mm. Ovary sericeous. Legume narrowly oblong, 7--16 X 2--2.3 cm, compressed, glabrous, apex mucronate; adaxial suture with a 2--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 2 or 3 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Aug.
* Forests on mountain slopes; 1900--2000 m. Yunnan (Dali Xian).
5. Derris trifoliata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 433. 1790.
鱼籐 yu teng
Derris uliginosa (Roxburgh ex Willdenow) Bentham; Robinia uliginosa Roxburgh ex Willdenow.
Lianas, glabrous. Leaf rachis 7--15 cm, including petiole 5--9 cm, with (3 or)5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 5--10 X 2--4 cm, firmly papery to subleathery, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 5--10 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3(--6) fascicled flowers sometimes borne on a short branchlet. Pedicel 2--4 mm. Flowers ca 1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or subglabrous; teeth very short, obtuse. Corolla whitish to pink, ca. 1 cm; standard suborbicular. Ovary sparsely pubescent. Legume obliquely ovoid, globose, or oblong, 2.5--4 X 2--3 cm, compressed, glabrous; adaxial suture with a narrow wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Aug--Dec. 2n = 22.
Coastal areas along beaches or riverbanks, thickets, forests; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa, Australia, Pacific Islands].
6. Derris ferruginea Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 252. 1852.
锈毛鱼籐 xiu mao yu teng
Robinia ferruginea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832 3: 329. 1832, not Kunth (1823).
Lianas. Branchlets densely rust-colored pubescent. Leaf rachis 5.5--9(--15) cm, including petiole 3.5--5(--10) cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to obovate-oblong, 6--13 X 2--5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly rust-colored puberulous, adaxially glabrous and shiny, base rounded, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, 15--30 cm, densely rust-colored puberulous; rachis nodes with 2 or 3(--8) fascicled flowers often borne on a short branchlet. Pedicel slender, 4--6 mm. Flowers ca. 1--1.4 cm. Calyx ca. 3 mm; teeth minute. Corolla pale red to whitish, 8--10 mm. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong to ligulate-oblong, 5--8 X ca. 2.5 cm, leathery, flat, densely rust-colored sericeous when young, nearly glabrescent when old; abaxial suture with a 2--4 mm broad wing, adaxial suture a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Sep--Dec.
Sparse forests and thickets, low elevation mountain slopes; 500--1200 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
7. Derris cavaleriei Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 347. 1913.
黔桂鱼籐 qian gui yu ten
Lianas. Branches slender, yellowish pubescent when young, glabrescent, dark brown when dried. Leaf rachis 9--12 cm, including petiole 5--7 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 5--10 X 2--4 cm, leathery, abaxially densely appressed yellowish brown pubescence, adaxially sparsely pubescence or glabrous and not shiny, secondary veins 7--10 on each side of midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles terminal or lateral, 7--10 cm, compact, with few branches; rachis nodes with 2--5 fascicled flowers. Pedicel ca. 6 mm. Flowers ca. 1.3 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, hispidulous. Corolla whitish, 8--10 mm; standard elliptic. Ovary pubescent. Legume broadly ellipsoid, 6--13 X 3--4.5 cm, compressed, densely rust-colored pubescent, both ends subtruncate; abaxial suture with a 3--6 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 0.7--1.3 cm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Dec.
* Thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 300--1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
8. Derris caudatilimba F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 221. 1954.
尾叶鱼籐 wei ye yu teng
Lianas. Branches glabrous, with pale gray lenticels. Leaf rachis 10--15 cm, including petioles 4--5 cm, with 7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, 4--10 X 1.4--2.8 cm, papery, abaxially glabrous, midvein raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to slightly obtuse, apex caudate-acuminate. Racemes axillary, narrow and elongated, 10--25 cm; rachis sparsely puberulous, rachis with 2--6 fascicled flowers. Pedicel filiform, 3--5 mm, sparsely puberulous. Flowers 9--10 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm long and wide, glabrous; teeth deltoid. Corolla whitish, 6--7 mm; standard elliptic to orbicular, base subtruncate, apex emarginate. Ovary puberulous. Legume ligulate-oblong, 4--9 X 1.2--1.5 cm, compressed, glabrous, abaxial suture with a 0.8--1.5 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Nov--Dec.
* Thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 500--1400 m. Guangdong, Yunnan.
9. Derris breviramosa F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 219. 1954.
短枝鱼籐 duan zhi yu teng
Lianas. Leaf rachis 15--20 cm, including petiole 6--7 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong to oblong, 5--10 X 2.5--4.5 cm, subpapery, glabrous, secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein, slender, and raised on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtusely acuminate to shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, much longer than leaves, without branches or panicled and with a few branches near base of rachis; rachis nodes with several fascicled flowers on a 4--6 mm branchlet. Pedicel puberulous, 3--6 mm. Flowers 9--10 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm long and wide, puberulous, with numerous minute orange glandular dots. Corolla whitish, 8--9 mm; petals all clawed; standard oblong. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong, inserted on scarred nodal short branchlets, 5--7.5 X 1.8--2 cm, compressed, finely veined, glabrous, both ends slightly obtuse; abaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3.5--5 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.
* Mountain valleys, streamsides. Hainan.
10. Derris scabricaulis (Franchet) Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 367. 1913.
粗茎鱼籐 cu jing yu teng
Millettia scabricaulis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 158. 1889.
Lianas. Branches scabrous, with convex lenticels, brownish pubescence when young. Leaf rachis 9--14 cm, including petiole 4.5--6 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; petiolules blackish brown; leaflet blades obovate-oblong to oblong, 5--9 X 1.5--3 cm, papery, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded, or broadly cuneate and rather oblique except for apical one, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary or terminal, ca. 25 cm or much longer; rachis nodes with 2--3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 2--3 mm, puberulous. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, 2--3 mm, appressed yellowish puberulous; teeth obscure. Corolla reddish, glabrous, ca. 5 X as long as calyx; standard orbicular. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong, 6--9 X ca. 3 cm, thin, glabrous; abaxial suture with a 0.5--1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. May, fr. Aug--Sep.
* Valleys in mountains, scrub; 1400--2500 m. Xizang, Yunnan.
11. Derris tonkinensis Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 349. 1913.
东京鱼籐 dong jing yu teng
Trees or climbing shrubs. Branches brown to red, glabrous. Leaf rachis 4--8 cm, including petiole 1.5-6 cm, with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate to oblong, 3--10 X 1.5--4 cm, firm in texture, glabrous, base rounded but apical one cuneate, apex shortly acuminate to obtuse. Pseudoracemes axillary or terminal, lax or somewhat congested, 7--10 X ca. 5 cm, sometimes panicled with 1 to many 3--4 cm slender branches, thinly reddish pilose; rachis nodes with 4--6 flowers congested and fascicled or lax or borne on 1.5--2 cm branchlets. Pedicel 6--7 mm, appressed reddish pilose. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 2.5--3 mm, appressed reddish pilose; teeth obscure. Corolla whitish to pink; petals all clawed; standard elliptic, 10--12 X ca. 6 mm, reflexed, base abruptly attenuate. Ovary slightly pilose. Legume ellipsoid, 8--11 X ca. 2.5 cm, flat, glabrous, finely veined, both ends obtusely attenuate; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 5 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Mar--Jun, fr. May--Nov.
Scrub or sparse forests on mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou [Vietnam].
1a. Leaves with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 3--6 cm; inflorescences with 1--3 or more branches; flowers lax and on 1.5--2 cm branchlets ................................................................................................................ 11a. var. tonkinensis
1b. Leaves with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5--10 cm; inflorescences with many branches; flowers congested and fascicled .......................................................................................................... 11b. var. compacta
11a. Derris tonkinensis var. tonkinensis
东京鱼籐(原变种) dong jing yu teng (yuan bian zhong)
Leaves with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 3--6 cm. Inflorescences with 1--3 branches. Flowers lax on 1.5--2 cm branchlets. Corolla whitish to pink. Fl. Mar--Jun, fr. May--Oct.
Guangxi, Guizhou [Vietnam].
11b. Derris tonkinensis var. compacta Gagnepain, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 458. 1916.
大叶东京鱼籐 da ye dong jing yu teng
Leaves with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5--10 cm. Inflorescences with many branches. Flowers congested and fascicled. Corolla pink. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Nov.
* Guangdong, Guangxi.
12. Derris fordii Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1771. 1888.
中南鱼籐 zhong nan yu teng
Lianas. Leaf rachis, 15--28 cm, including petiole 3--8 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 3--13 X 1.5--6 cm, thickly papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, reticulate veins slightly prominent or obscure, base rounded, apex acuminate to slightly obtuse. Inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous or densely brownish pubescent. Pseudopanicles axillary, slightly shorter than leaves; rachis nodes with several fascicled flowers on short branchlets. Pedicel 3--5 mm. Flowers 1.2--1.3 cm. Calyx campanulate, 2--3 mm, sparsely pubescent; teeth orbicular to deltoid, short. Corolla whitish, ca. 1 cm; standard obovate-elliptic, claw short. Ovary sessile, whitish villous. Legume oblong to ligulate-oblong, 4--10 X 1.5--2.3 cm, compressed, swollen or not when mature, thinly leathery, glabrous; abaxial suture wing up to 1.5 mm broad, adaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jun--Nov.
* Mountain valleys, scrub or sparse to dense forests or on mountain slopes, near trails; 500--1600 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
1a. Leaflet blades 4--13 X 2--6 cm, reticulate veinlets slightly prominent; inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous; legume slightly thick, swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad and obscure wing ................................................................................................................................................... 12a. var. fordii
1b. Leaflet blades 3--8 X 1.5--3 cm, reticulate veinlets obscure; inflorescences and pedicels densely brownish pubescent; legume thin, not swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a 1--1.5 mm broad and distinct wing .... 12b. var. lucida
12a. Derris fordii var. fordii
中南鱼籐(原变种) zhong nan yu teng (yuan bian zhong)
Derris rubromaculata Chun & F. C. How.
Leaflet blades 4--13 X 2--6 cm, reticulate veinlets slightly prominent. Inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous. Legume slightly thick, swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad and obscure wing. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Nov.
* Mountain valleys, in scrub or sparse forests or on mountain slopes, near trails. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
12b. Derris fordii var. lucida F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 218. 1954.
亮叶中南鱼籐 liang ye zhong nan yu teng
Leaflet blades 3--8 X 1.5--3 cm, adaxially shiny, reticulate veinlets obscure. Inflorescences and pedicels densely brownish pubescent. Legume thin, not swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a 1--1.5 mm broad and distinct wing. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Jun--Aug.
* Dense or sparse forests on rocky mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
13. Derris alborubra Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8008. 1905.
白花鱼籐 bai hua yu teng
Lianas, 6--7 m, evergreen. Leaf rachis 5--14 cm, including petiole 2.5--3.5 cm, with (3 or)5 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 5--8(--15) X 2--5(--7) cm, leathery, glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse and slightly emarginate. Inflorescence rachis and pedicels thinly puberulous. Pseudopanicles terminal or axillary, 15--30 cm, narrow; rachis nodes with up to 15 flowers on short filiform branchlets. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx red, obliquely campanulate, ca. 4.5 mm, appressed pubescent but glabrescent. Corolla whitish, 1--1.2 cm; standard suborbicular, puberulous, apex emarginate. Ovary sessile, yellowish pubescent. Legume obliquely ovoid to obliquely oblong, 2--5 X 2.2--2.5 cm, compressed, glabrous; abaxial suture with a ca. 1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.
Sparse forests or thickets on mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam].
The taxon reported here is the autonym variety. Another variety, Derris alborubra var. honheoensis P. K. Lôc, is endemic to Vietnam.
14. Derris marginata (Roxburgh) Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 252. 1852.
边荚鱼籐 bian jia yu teng
Dalbergia marginata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832 3: 230. 1832.
Lianas, glabrous except for pilose calyxes and ovaries. Leaf rachis 13--25 cm, including petiole (3.5--)5--10 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-elliptic to obovate, 5--15 X 2.5--6 cm, subleathery, secondary veins 6--8(--10) on each side of midvein and slightly prominent, base rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, 6--20 cm, with few branches, glabrous; rachis nodes with 1--3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 5--12 mm. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, 2--3 mm. Corolla whitish to pale red, 8--10(--12) cm, glabrous; standard broadly ovate. Ovary sessile, glabrescent. Legume ligulate-oblong, 7--10(--15) X 2--4 cm, thin, glabrous, reticulately veined; abaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 6--8 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Nov--Jan.
Open or dense forests, mountain slopes; 400--600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The place of publication of the basionym is often given incorrectly. Roxburgh used the epithet “marginata” in Flora Indica for distinct species in two genera. Both were treated by Bentham as species of Derris. In making the transfer of Dalbergia marginata, Bentham cited the wrong page number. See R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 110. 1984, for discussion.
15. Derris laxiflora Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl): 105. 1860.
疏花鱼籐 shu hua yu teng
Lianas, glabrous except for pilose calyxes. Leaf rachis 6--9(--12) cm, including petiole 3--6 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, 5--8 X 2.5--4 cm, subleathery, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse. Pseudopanicles terminal, 15--30 cm, laxly flowered, basal branch elongated but others short; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 6--8 mm. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 2 mm. Corolla whitish, 7--9 mm; petals all clawed; standard suborbicular, base broadly cuneate. Ovary glabrous. Legume ellipsoid, 5--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, flattened, glabrous; abaxial suture with a distinct but narrow wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.
* Semi open areas, thicket margins; below 1000 m. Taiwan.
16. Derris palmifolia Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 2: 68. 1952.
掌叶鱼籐 zhang ye yu teng
Lianas, glabrous except for pubescent young branchlets and flower buds. Leaves subpalmately pinnate, 5--7 cm, with 5 closely inserted leaflets on an abbreviated rachis; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to oblong, basal pair each 2--3.5 X 1.3--1.5 cm, remaining pairs each 4--5 X 1.5 cm but sometimes apical one larger, secondary veins 6--9 on each side of midvein and very slender, base cuneate to slightly subrounded, apex shortly acuminate. Flowers unknown. Infructescences axillary, 2--3 X as long as leaves, broadly panicled, with few elongated spreading branches. Legume oblong-ligulate, 4--7 X 1.3--1.7cm, reticulately veined when dry, base rounded to truncate, apex obliquely pointed; abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2 per legume. Fr. Sep.
* Valleys in mountains; ca. 1700 m. Yunnan.
2. PARADERRIS (Miquel) R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 109. 1984.
拟鱼藤属 (ni yu teng shu)
Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley
Derris Loureiro sect. Paraderris Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 145. 1855.
Lianas. Stipules small. Leaves odd-pinnate, stipels much reduced or absent. Flowers in axillary pseudoracemes occasionally aggregated into pseudopanicles. Brachyblasts rather thin with (1 or)2 or 3(--5) flowers. Bracts shorter than corresponding flower-buds. Bracteoles present. Calyx with 5 short lobes. Corolla white to rose red; standard blade elliptic to suborbicular, reflexed at base; basal calluses distinct, large. Wings and keel petals ± equally long. Stamens monadelphous, upper staminal filament adnate to other 9; anthers usually with trichomes. Disk distinct, flat to slightly hollow. Ovary with trichomes; ovules 1--7. Pod indehiscent, woody to thickly woody; either both sutures with a longitudinal wing or winged only on adaxial suture, Seeds 1 to several per legume, lens-shaped; radicle folded.
About 15 species: through SE Asia to New Guinea, absent from Australia and Pacific Islands; six species (three endemic and two exotic) in China.
1a. Flowers in pseudopanicles; leaflets 9--15.
2a. Leaflet blades subleathery, apex obtuse to acute; flowers less than 1.2 cm; legume ca. 3 cm ... 3. P. canarensis
2b. Leaflet blades membranous, apex caudate-acuminate to acuminate; flowers 1.5--1.8 cm; legume more than 4 cm.
3a. Leaflet blades 9--13, abaxially glaucous when dry; branchlets yellowish pubescent; corolla rose red; pedicel 0.8--1 cm ................................................................................................................................................ 1. P. glauca
3b. Leaflet blades 13 or 15, abaxially olive green when dry; branchlets glabrous; corolla whitish; pedicel 1--2 cm ...................................................................................................................................................... . 2. P. hainanensis
1b. Flowers in pseudoracemes; leaflets 5--13.
4a. Leaflet blades 9--13, abaxially sericeous; corolla standard sericeous outside .................................. 4. P. elliptica
4b. Leaflet blades 5--9, abaxially glabrous; corolla standard glabrous outside.
5a. Leaflet blades papery, 5--9 cm, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate; rachis of inflorescences puberulous ................................................................................................................................................................. 5. P. hancei
5b. Leaflet blades subleathery, 10--15 cm, apex caudate-acuminate; rachis of inflorescences glabrous (cultivated) ....................................................................................................................................................... 6. P. malaccensis
1. Paraderris glauca (Merrill & Chun) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.
粉叶鱼籐 fen ye yu teng
Derris glauca Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsensia 2: 246. 1935.
Lianas. Branches and young shoots yellowish pubescent; branchlets tuberculate, very sparse pilose or glabrescent. Leaf rachis 7--14 cm., including petiole 3--7 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong, 5--7 X 2--3.5 cm, membranous, abaxially greenish white when young but glaucous when old, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate. Cymose pseudopanicles 10--15 X 6--8 cm; rachis nodes usually with 3 fascicled flowers at apex of a 8--10 mm branchlet. Pedicel 8--10 mm, slender. Flowers 1.6--1.8 cm. Calyx reddish brown, broadly cup-shaped, 6--7 mm in diam., mouth yellowish pubescent. Corolla rose red; standard broadly ovate, 1.6--1.7 X ca. 1.2 cm, apex emarginate. Ovary yellowish puberulous on basal part. Legume oblong to ligulate, 4--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, thin, base attenuate to obtuse, apex acuminate; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Aug.
* Forests in mountains; below 700 m. S Guangxi, Hainan.
2. Paraderris hainanensis (Hayata) Adema, Blumea 48: 138. 2003.
海南鱼籐 hai nan yu teng
Derris hainanensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 77. 1913.
Lianas. Branches terete, glabrous, with scattered elliptic lenticels. Stipules oblong-triangular, pilose, apex acute. Leaf rachis 8--15 cm, including petiole (4.5--)6--8 cm, with 13 or 15 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate to long elliptic, 4--7 X 1.8--3.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially olive green and slightly whitish green, base broadly cuneate to sometimes subrounded, apex caudate-acuminate to cuneate. Cymose pseudopanicles axillary, 10--15 cm. Pedicel 1--2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 X 7 mm, subglabrous. Corolla whitish; standard suborbicular, ca. 1.5 cm, claw ca. 3 mm, limb base cordate and with 2 triangular calluses, apex emarginate. Ovary linear, hirsute. Legume oblong to ligulate, 4.5--10 X ca. 2 cm; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.
* Open forests, scrub on mountain slopes. Hainan.
3. Paraderris canarensis (Dalzell) Adema, Blumea 48: 137. 2003.
兰屿鱼籐 lan yu yu teng
Pongamia canarensis Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 37. 1850; Derris oblonga Bentham.
Lianas. Branches subglabrous. Leaf rachis to 30 cm, including petiole 4--6 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 4--6 X 1--2 cm, subleathery, both surfaces ± glabrous, abaxially glaucous, apex obtuse to acute. Pseudopanicles much shorter than leaves, rachis short, branches densely compact. Pedicel 3--4 mm, grayish velutinous. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm. Corolla white or light purple, ca. 1.2 cm; standard ca. 1 cm wide, reflexed, glabrous. Legume broadly oblong, ca. 3 X 2 cm, glabrous; adaxial suture with a wing ca. 2 mm broad. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun--Jul.
Coastal forest margins; below 100 m. Taiwan (Lanyu Dao) [Philippines].
4. Paraderris elliptica (Wallich) Adema, Thai For. Bull., Bot. 28: 11. 2001 (“2000”).
毛鱼籐 mao yu teng
Pongamia elliptica Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 20. 1832; Derris elliptica (Roxburgh) Bentham; Galedupa elliptica Roxburgh.
Lianas, 7--10 m, robust. Young branchlets, leaf rachises, petioles, and petiolules densely brown pubescence. Branches glabrous when old, scattered with brown lenticels. Leaf rachis 20--35 cm, including petiole 4--8 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblanceolate, 6--15 X 2--4 cm, thickly papery, abaxially greenish white and finely brown sericeous, adaxially glabrous or only pubescent along veins, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex shortly obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 15--25 cm, rachis densely pubescent; rachis nodes with 3 or 4 flowers fascicled on short branchlets; peduncle 8--12 cm or much longer, densely pubescent. Pedicel 6--8 mm, densely pubescent. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, ca. 4 X 6--7 mm, densely sericeous. Corolla pink to whitish, 1.5--1.8 cm; standard suborbicular, 1.2--1.5 cm wide, outside brown pubescent, apex emarginate. Ovary densely pubescent. Legume oblong, 3.5--8 X 1.7--2 cm, compressed, pubescent when young, glabrescent; abaxial suture with a ca. 0.5 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam].
Cultivated as an insecticide.
5. Paraderris hancei (Hemsley) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.
粤东鱼籐 yue dong yu teng
Derris hancei Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8008. 1905.
Lianas. Leaf rachis 12--17 cm, including petiole 4.5--9 cm, with (5 or)7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong, 5--9 X 2--3.5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially greenish white and midvein conspicuously prominent, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or slightly rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 7--12 cm, narrow, scattered puberulous. Pedicel slender, 3--5 mm. Flowers 1.1--1.3 cm. Calyx 3--4 mm, purplish red, subtruncate, outside glabrous, inside with a ring of pubescence around mouth. Corolla white tinged with red outside, 1--1.2 cm; standard suborbicular, apex emarginate. Ovary sericeous. Legume obliquely ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 2.5--4 X 1.5--1.8 cm, glabrous, with transverse reticulate veins when mature; both sutures with a 1--1.5 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Jul--Jan.
* Along trails, near pond banks. Guangdong, Guangxi.
6. Paraderris malaccensis (Bentham) Adema, Thai For. Bull., Bot. 28: 11. 2001 (“2000”).
异翅鱼籐 yi chi yu teng
Derris cuneifolia Bentham var. malaccensis Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 112. 1860; D. malaccensis (Bentham) Prain.
Lianas, 10--15 m, glabrous except ovaries and mouth of calyxes. Leaf rachis 20--30 cm, including petiole 3--7 cm, with 5 or 7(or 9) leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, 10--15 cm, subleathery, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate. Pseudoracemes shorter than leaves; rachis nodes with flowers often on short branchlets. Flowers ca. 1.7 cm. Calyx pink, campanulate, ca. 3 mm, apical margin sinuate and ciliate. Corolla rose red, pink, or whitish, 1.3--1.4 cm; standard orbicular, apex truncate or emarginate. Ovary velutinous. Legume oblong, 5--8 cm; both sutures winged, abaxial suture with a 1 mm or less broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Feb--May, fr. Apr--Aug.
Cultivated in Guangdong (Guangzhou) and Hainan [native to Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam].
Adema (Blumea 48: 139. 2003) synonymised P. malaccensis with P. montana (Bentham) Adema (Derris montana Bentham).
3. AGANOPE Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. 1: 151. 1855.
双束鱼腾属 (shuang shu teng shu)
Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley
Woody lianas or sprawling trees. Leaflets (sub)opposite, papery to subleathery; stipules caducous; stipels caducous or absent. Inflorescences terminal or supra-axillary in well developed pseudopanicles; bracts shorter than corresponding buds; bracteoles caducous. Calyx with cupular or campanulate tube, subtruncate or with distinct teeth; petals glabrous or slightly pubescent; standard truncate to subcordate, with or without calluses; wings free from keel at least proximally. Stamens diadelphous; vexillary stamen free from other 9. Disk present; ovary 1--10 ovulate. Legumes compressed, woody; abaxial or both sutures with longitudinal wing. Seeds 1 to several per legume; hilum exocentric; radicle short, straight.
About seven species; tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands; three species (one endemic) in China.
1a. Leaflets fewer than 5 or 7; panicles glabrous; trees ....................................................................................... 1. A. latifolia
1b. Leaflets 5--9; panicles pilose or pubescence; lianas.
2a. Calyx ca. 3 mm, sparsely pilose; flowers ca. 0.8 cm; legume 5--10 cm ............................................. 2. A. thyrsiflora
2b. Calyx ca. 6 mm, densely pubescent; flowers 1.5--1.7 cm; legume 10--15 cm ............................... 3. A. dinghuensis
1. Aganope latifolia (Prain) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.
大叶鱼籐 da ye yu teng
Derris latifolia Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 107. 1897.
Trees. Leaf rachis 45--60 cm, including petiole 9--15 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 14--25 X 7--10 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously raised and adaxially impressed, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, apex acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, copious, 50--65 cm, glabrous; branches 5--10 cm; branchlet nodes close together, with 1 flower. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Flower ca. 6.5 mm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 2.5 X 3 mm, glabrous, apex subtruncate. Corolla standard orbicular, ca. 7.5 mm in diam, erect, without basal calluses. Legume woody, 9--11 X ca. 3.5 cm, thin, smooth, glabrous, without reticulate veins; both sutures with a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. unknown, fr. Jan.
Open forests on mountain slopes; 600--1200 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [E India].
2. Aganope thyrsiflora (Bentham) Polhill, Kew Bull. 25: 268. 1971.
密锥花鱼籐 mi zhui hua yu teng
Millettia thyrsiflora Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 249. 1852; Derris thyrsiflora (Bentham) Bentham.
Lianas or scandent shrubs. Branchlets glabrous or very sparsely pilose. Leaf rachis 30--45 cm, including petiole 8--14 cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 10--15 X 3.5--7 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veins 5--7 on each side of midvein, base rounded, apex shortly acuminate to sometimes obtuse. Pseudopanicles axillary or terminal, narrowly pyramidal, 12--35 cm, compact, brown or reddish pilose; branches numerous, ascending or spreading; branchlet nodes with several close but not fascicled flowers on a short branchlet. Pedicel very short. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, very sparsely pilose, apex truncate or obscurely deltoid toothed. Corolla 8--10 mm, whitish to purplish red; standard orbicular, with calluses base cordate, apex emarginate. Ovary pilose. Legume oblong, 5--10 X 2.5--3(--4) cm, thin, glabrous, with conspicuous reticulate veins; both sutures with a 3--8 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume, oblong-reniform. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Nov.
Scrub by streams in mountains; low elevations but to ca. 2000 m in Yunnan. Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific Islands].
3. Aganope dinghuensis (P. Y. Chen) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.
鼎湖鱼籐 ding hu yu teng
Derris dinghuensis P. Y. Chen, Phytotax. Sin. 22: 81. 1984.
Lianas. Branches brownish when dry, sparsely rust-colored pubescent, scattered with brownish oblong to orbicular lenticels. Leaf rachis 35--50 cm, including petiole 10--12 cm, with 9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to broadly oblong-ovate, 10--18 X 7--11cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously raised and adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 6--8 on each side of midvein, base rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, ca. 20 cm, densely brownish pubescent, only basal part of rachis with few branches. Pedicel 3--5 mm, densely brownish pubescent. Flowers 1.5--1.7 cm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 6 X 8 mm, densely brownish pubescent; teeth obscure. Corolla 1.5--1.7 cm, whitish; standard orbicular, without basal calluses. Ovary puberulous. Legume ligulate-oblong, 10--15 X 3--3.5 cm, glabrous, conspicuously veined, base narrowed, apex shortly acuminate; both sutures with a 5--8 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 per legume, reniform, ca. 2.5 X 1.3 cm. Fl. Jan--Jul, fr. Nov--Dec.
* Forests, low elevation mountains. Guangdong (Dinghu Shan).
4. ANTHEROPORUM Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 180. 1915.
肿荚豆属 zhong jia dou shu
Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley
Trees, evergreen. Stipules and stipels absent. Leaves odd-pinnate; petiole and petiolules often basally thickened; leaflet blades (sub)opposite. Inflorescences terminal associated with racemes in groups of 2--5 in axils of leaves at tips of branches; bracts longer than corresponding buds and covering them, soon caducous. Calyx cup-shaped; teeth inconspicuous. Petals ± equal, all long clawed, glabrous; standard curved upwards, without basal calluses; wings partly fused to keel. Stamens monadelphous; anthers orbicular, dehiscing by a short slit at tip. Ovary stipitate or subsessile, with trichomes, with 2--6 ovules; style subulate, short. Legume inflated, not winged, dehiscent; valves woody, vacuous inside. Seeds 1(or 2), compressed globose, shiny; helium round, ca. 3 mm in diam.
Five species: S China, Thailand, Vietnam; two species (not endemic) in China.
1a. Branchlets and leaves glabrous; inflorescences tawny pubescent; petiolules blackened when dry; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-ovate, abaxially glaucous, base tapering to petiolule ..................................................... 1. A. glaucum
1b. Branchlets, leaves, and inflorescences with yellowish trichomes; petiolules with grayish trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, abaxially densely appressed sericeous, base rounded, asymmetric ....................................... 2. A. harmandii
1. Antheroporum glaucum Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 351. 1981.
粉叶肿荚豆 fen ye zhong jia dou
Trees, glabrous except tawny pubescent inflorescences. Branchlets olive green becoming gray, smooth. Leaf rachis 30--35 cm, including petiole 6--7 cm, with 7 leaflets; petiolules 5--10 mm, blackened when dry; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-ovate, 12--22 X 4--7 cm, abaxially glaucous, adaxially shiny, secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midvein, base tapering, apex acuminate to caudate. Racemes axillary, usually 2--5 apically on branchlets, 7--10 cm; rachis nodes congested, with 1 or 2 flowers; peduncle variable in length. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, slender. Flower ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 X 2.5 mm. Corolla white, ca. 1 cm; standard suborbicular, base tapering into a long claw. Ovary linear, with trichomes, with 2--4 ovules. Legume oblong-rhomboid. Fl. Mar--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.
Seasonal rainforests; 500--1300 m. S Yunnan [Thailand].
2. Antheroporum harmandii Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 181. 1915.
肿荚豆 zhong jia dou
Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets yellowish velutinous, with scattered minute lenticels. Leaf rachis 30--40 cm, including petiole 6--8 cm, with 7 or 9(--13) leaflets; petiolules 6--9 mm, grayish velutinous; leaflet blades oblong, 11--18 X 3--5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially shiny, secondary veins 5--8 on each side of midvein, base rounded and asymmetric, apex acute. Racemes axillary, usually 2--5 congested apically on branches to form a large panicle, 7--15 cm, velutinous. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx ca. 4 X 3 mm, puberulous. Corolla pale pink, ca. cm; standard obcordate. Ovary with trichomes, with 2 ovules. Legume oblong-rhomboid, ca. 8 X 3.5 cm, densely yellow velutinous, apex shortly straight beaked. Seed chestnut brown, ca. 1.8 X 1.4 cm, shiny. Fl. Mar--Oct, fr. Jul--Nov.
Mixed woods in valleys; 200--1000 m. W Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SE and SW Yunnan [Vietnam].
5. AFGEKIA Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 376. 1927.
猪腰豆属 zhu yao dou shu
Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley
Shrubs, scandent. Stipules caducous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels present; leaflets opposite. Inflorescences in axillary or cauliflorous racemes or elongated panicles, with large imbricate tailed sericeous bracts covering flower buds, caducous. Bracteoles minute. Calyx shortly 5-toothed. Corolla standard basally with 2 curved laminar calluses; wings and keels equal in length, both clawed. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary free from other nine. Ovary stipitate, with trichomes, with 2 ovules. Legume inflated, tardily dehiscent; valves thickly woody. Seeds 1[or 2] per legume, ellipsoid, shiny; hilum ca. 1/2 as long as seed.
Three species: SW China, Myanmar, Thailand; one species (not endemic) in China.
1. Afgekia filipes (Dunn) R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 77. 1984.
猪腰豆 zhu yao dou
Adinobotrys filipes Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 195. 1911; Padbruggea filipes (Dunn) Craib; Whitfordiodendron filipes (Dunn) Dunn.
Shrubs, scandent. Bark yellow, split longitudinally. Stems to 20 m, terete, sericeous and scarlet strigose when young, glabrescent. Stipules narrowly triangulate, ca. 6 mm. Leaf rachis 25--35 cm, including petiole 5--8 cm, with (13--)17 or 19 leaflets; stipels filiform, caducous; petiolules 3--4 mm; leaflet blades oblong, 6--10 X 2--3.5 cm, papery or leathery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent or abaxially densely bright brown hirsute and adaxially rough, secondary veins 7--9 on each side of midvein, base rounded and asymmetric. Panicles cauliflorous, rough with scars of fallen bracts; bracts ca. 2 cm, membranous, sericeous. Pedicel ca. 2 cm. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, with trichomes, adaxial pair of teeth connate. Corolla lilac, abaxially puberulous. Legume spindle-shaped, ca. 17 X 9 cm, velutinous, indehiscent, persistently hanging on trunk. Seed 1 per legume, dark brown, reniform, ca. 8 X 4.5 cm, smooth, shiny; hilum 3.5--4 cm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Sep--Nov.
Sparse thickets, evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; 200--1300 m. W Guangxi, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
1a. Leaflet blades papery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent ................................................. 1a. var. filipes
1b. Leaflet blades leathery, abaxially densely bright brown hirsute, adaxially rough ........................... 1b. var. tomentosa
1a. Afgekia filipes var. filipes
猪腰豆(原变种) zhu yao dou (yuan bian zhong)
Leaflet blades papery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent.
Sparse thickets; 200--1300 m. W Guangxi, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
1b. Afgekia filipes var. tomentosa (Z. Wei) Y. F. Deng & H. N. Qin, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 42: 133. 2005.
毛叶猪腰豆 mao ye zhu yao dou
Whitfordiodendron filipes (Dunn) Dunn var. tomentosum Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 75. 1989.
Leaflet blades abaxially, petiolules, and leaf rachises densely bright brown hirsute. Leaflet blades leathery, adaxially rough and dark green.
* Evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; 1100--1300 m. S Yunnan, Guangxi.
6. SARCODUM Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 462. 1790.
耀花豆属 yao hua dou shu
Sun Hang (孙航); Les Pedley
Lianas. Apical vegetative bud dormant during anthesis and fruit set. Stipules and stipels persistent. Racemes in axil of terminal leaves forming a leafy panicle; bracts longer than corresponding flowers, caducous. Bracteoles present. Calyx campanulate, subtruncate, bilabiate. Corolla standard reflexed at base, calluses absent; wings and keel about equally long; wings free from keel. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary staminal filament distinct from other 9. Ovary glabrous, with 9--12 ovules. Legume linear, cylindrical, raised over seeds, dehiscing along adaxial suture; exocarp fleshy but papery when dry; endocarp thin, leathery, lining seed cavity. Seeds ellipsoid; hilum rather elongated, surrounded by prominent rim; radicle folded.
Three species: SE Asia, Pacific Islands (Solomon Islands); one species (not endemic) in China.
Sarcodum is here recognized as a genus distinct from Clianthus Solander ex Lindley. Clianthus is now considered to be a genus with one or two species restricted to New Zealand, and the Australian species formerly recognized in Clianthus are referred to Swainsona K. Sprengel.
1. Sarcodum scandens Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 462. 1790.
耀花豆 yao hua dou
Clianthus scandens (Loureiro) Merrill.
Lianas. Branchlets villous with long spreading trichomes, glabrescent. Stipules 1--1.5 cm. Leaf rachises 10-25 cm, including petiole 1.5--3 cm, with 19--35 leaflets; stipels 4--5 mm; leaf blades oblong, 2.3--3.3 X 0.7--1.2 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent with appressed trichomes, adaxially sprinkled with whitish appressed trichomes, base rounded, apex rounded to obtuse and mucronate. Racemes 5--10 cm; bracts lanceolate-caudate, slightly keeled, 1.6--2 cm. Pedicel 7--10 mm; bracteoles 2--4 mm. Calyx 3--4 mm, with dense brown appressed trichomes. Corolla purplish; standard elliptic, 1.5--1.7 X ca. 1.1 cm, base subcordate, apex rounded. Ovary linear, ca. 1 cm, stipitate, with 6--10 ovules, glabrous. Legume 7--9 cm, 4--9 mm in diam., 6--10 seeded, slightly constricted between seeds; stipe ca. 5 mm. Seeds bright blackish, ca. 6 X 3.5 mm; hilum broadly ovoid. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Aug.
Valleys, escarpment forests, climbing in tree. C and S Hainan [E Indonesia (Moluccas), Philippines, Vietnam].
7. FORDIA Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 160. 1886.
干花豆属 gan hua dou shu