Fabaceae Tribe MILLETTIEAE [Draft]

 

鸡血藤族 ji xue teng zu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直)1, Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao)2, Zhang Dianxiang (张奠湘)2; Les Pedley3

 

                Trees, lianas, or shrubs. Stipules often caducous. Leaves pulvinate, usually odd-pinnate; stipels present or absent; leaflets 1--50 or perhaps more, opposite or rarely subalternate. Inflorescences various, elongated racemes, more often flowers in fascicles arranged in pseudoracemes or pseudopanicles, sometimes cauline. Flowers papilionoid. Bacteoles usually present. Calyx various, truncate or with 4 or 5 short lobes. Corolla standard with or without basal calluses; wing petals free or ± less adherent to keel; keel petals valvately connate along upper margin. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; vexillary filament free or connate to other 9; anthers versatile, sometimes with trichomes. Disk generally present, tubular, surrounding stipe of ovary; ovary with 1--12 or more ovules; stigma small, capitate. Legumes dehiscent or indehiscent, winged or not; valves woody or papery. Seeds variously shaped, flat or round in cross section; seed coat hard or woody; embryo with a straight or bent radicle.

 

                Widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions of world, poorly represented in Australia, Callerya extending into temperate parts of China, and Wisteria extends into temperate parts of E Asia and North America: 13 genera and 83 species (36 endemic and 5 exotic) in China.

 

1a. Inflorescences racemes or panicles; flowers solitary in axil of a bract.

2a. Inflorescences racemose; bracts longer than corresponding flower buds, persistent and covering them completely until anthesis.

3a. Corolla standard with 2 basal curved laminar calluses; ovary with trichomes, with 2 ovules; legume inflated, tardily dehiscent with 1 or 2 seeds; valves thickly woody .....................................  5. Afgekia

3b. Corolla standard without basal calluses; ovary glabrous, with 9--12 ovules; legume linear, raised over seeds, dehiscing along adaxial suture, with 4--10 seeds; exocarp fleshy (papery when dry) and endocarp thin leathery lining seed cavity ..............................................................................................  6. Sarcodum

2b. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate; bracts occasionally as long as flower buds, not persistent or not covering them completely.

4a. Trees; stipels absent; flowers 0.8--1 cm; corolla standard elongated ovate, length-width ratio 2--2.5; anthers dehiscing by short terminal slits; legumes dehiscent, thickly woody, not winged, with 1 or 2 seeds ...................................................................................................................................  4. Antheroporum

4b. Lianas or sprawling trees or shrubs; stipels present, caducous, or absent; flowers 0.8--3 cm or more; corolla standard ovate to orbicular, length-width ratio less than 2; legume tardily or not dehiscent, leathery or woody, winged or not, with 1--10 seeds.

5a. Flowers in pendent racemes; corolla standard with 2 distinct basal calluses forming a ridge on distal part of claw; legume leathery, compartmented, not winged ........................................  11. Wisteria

5b. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles, not pendent; corolla standard either without calluses or calluses not forming a ridge on distal part of claw; legume not compartmented, winged or not.

6a. Corolla wings free from keel at least proximally; ovary sessile or stipitate; legume with 1 or 2 wings; seed hilum excentric ......................................................................................  3. Aganope

6b. Corolla wings often partially adnate to keel; ovary stipitate; legumes not winged; seed hilum not markedly excentric .......................................................................................................  9. Callerya

1b. Inflorescences pseudo-racemes or pseudo-panicles; flowers inserted on short lateral branches of floral axis (brachyblasts), these occasionally reduced to a bract subtending 2 or 3 bracteate flowers.

7a. Leaflet secondary veins numerous, straight, closely parallel, mostly with few or no anastomoses, extending to the margins; legumes not woody; shrubs or herbs with woody bases .................................  13. Tephrosia

7b. Leaflets secondary veins relatively few, curved, usually anastomosing, not extending to margins; shrubs, trees, or lianas.

8a. Inflorescences cauliflorous on trunk or older branches or axillary on branchlets of previous year; supra-axillary buds covered by many subulate cataphylls .................................................................  7. Fordia

8b. Inflorescences not on older branches, trunks or branchlets of previous year; buds not covered by cataphylls.

9a. Flowers borne on slight protuberances of floral axis, mixed occasionally with single flowers.

10a. Ovary with (1 or)2--10 ovules; legume dehiscent, flat, sometimes inflated but then their secondary nerves reaching margins, or legumes velutinous ...............................  8. Millettia

10b. Ovary with 1(or 2) ovule; legume indehiscent, thick with their secondary veins not reaching margins, glabrous ...................................................................................................  10. Pongamia

9b. Flowers borne on distinct projections of the floral axis (brachyblasts).

11a. Leaves with 3 leaflets, laterals leaflets markedly asymmetrical; stamens diadelphous ...  12. Craspedolobium

11b. Leaves with 7--21 leaflets, or if fewer leaflets (1--5) then laterals ones symmetrical; stamens monadelphous or rarely vexillary stamen free in bud and adherent to others in mature flowers.

12a. Legume dehiscent, not winged on sutures or with 2 wings perpendicular to the adaxial or both adaxial and abaxial sutures; flowers 2--5 in clusters or fascicles on knoblike brachyblasts ........................................................................................................  8. Millettia

12b. Legume indehiscent, winged on both abaxial and adaxial sutures; flowers 3--15 or more at tip of brachyblasts or scattered along them.

13a. Flowers 3--15 or more usually scattered along knoblike or slender brachyblasts; corolla standard without calluses; anthers without indumentum .........................  1. Derris

13b. Flowers (3--)5 at tip of slender brachyblasts; corolla standard with prominent basal calluses; anthers usually with some indumentum ..............................  2. Paraderris

 

1. DERRIS Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 432. 1790, nom. cons.

 

鱼籐属 yu teng shu

 

Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley

 

                Brachypterum Wight & Arnott.

 

Lianas, rarely erect shrubs or trees. Stipules small. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels absent; leaflets opposite, margins entire. Inflorescences axillary pseudoracemes, these often combined with terminal or axillary pseudopanicles; rachis nodes with 1 to many flowers, fascicled or on a short spur or branchlet; bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous. Calyx campanulate or cup-shaped, apex subtruncate or with 4 or 5 short and broad teeth. Corolla white, purplish red, or pink, longer than calyx; standard broad, usually glabrous but outside sometimes subglabrous or pubescent, without basal calluses; wings long clawed, often auriculate, adhering to keel; keels incurved, base often auriculate, apex blunt. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sessile or with a short stipe, with 1--11 ovules; style incurved; stigma capitate. Legume globose, oblong, or ligulate-oblong, indehiscent; adaxial suture or both adaxial and abaxial sutures with a narrow wing. Seeds 1 to several per legume, reniform, compressed.

 

                About 50 species: tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific Islands; 16 species (9 endemic) in China.

 

1a. Legume winged only on adaxial suture.

2a. Leaflets more than 13.

3a. Leaflet blades 1.5--4 cm; trees ............................................................................................................  1. D. robusta

3b. Leaflet blades 5--7.5 cm, lianas ......................................................................................................  2. D. eriocarpa

2b. Leaflets blades 11 or less.

4a. Leaflet blades (3 or)5(or 7) ...............................................................................................................  5. D. trifoliata

4b. Leaflet blades 7--11.

5a. Leaflet blades abaxially densely puberulous ..................................................................  3. D. yunnanensis

5b. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous ......................................................................................  4. D. harrowiana

1b. Legume winged on both sutures.

6a. Leaflet blades abaxially pubescent or puberulous.

7a. Branchlets robust, densely rust-colored pubescent; leaflets 5--9, blades adaxially shiny; legume with wing of abaxial suture only slightly narrower than wing of adaxial suture ........................................  6. D. ferruginea

7b. Branchlets slender, glabrescent; leaflets 5, blades adaxially not shiny; legume with wings of abaxial suture almost 1/2 width of adaxial suture wing .....................................................................................  7. D. cavaleriei

6b. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous.

8a. Flowers in pseudoracemes.

9a. Leaflet blade apices caudate-acuminate; calyx glabrous ............................................  8. D. caudatilimba

9b. Leaflet blade apices obtusely acuminate to shortly acuminate; calyx puberulous or pilose.

10a. Legume adaxial wing 4--5 mm wide......................................... .................................11. D. tonkinensis

10b. Legume adaxial wing to ca. 3 mm wide.

11a. Leaflet blades 5 or 7; legume abaxial wing 2--3 mm broad ..........................  9. D. breviramosa

11b. Leaflet blades 7--13; legume abaxial wing 0.5--1 mm broad ......................  10. D. scabricaulis

8b. Flowers in pseudopanicles.

12a. Rachis of inflorescences pilose, hispidulous, or pubescent.

13a. Trees or shrubs .........................................................................................................  11. D. tonkinensis

13b. Lianas.

14a. Leaflet blades 5 or 7, thickly papery to thinly leathery; legume 4--10 cm, thinly leathery  12. D. fordii

14b. Leaflet blades (3 or)5, leathery; legume 2--5 cm, leathery .............................  13. D. alborubra

12b. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous.

15a.Leaflet blades 5, closely inserted on a very short rachis, forming subpalmate leaves .........  16. D. palmifolia

15b. Leaflet blades 5 or 7, forming distant pinnate leaves.

16a. Leaflet blades obovate-elliptic to obovate; flowers fascicled on branches of inflorescences ................................................................................................................................  14. D. marginata

16b. Leaflet blades elliptic; flowers scattered on branches of inflorescences ......  15. D. laxiflora

 

1. Derris robusta (Roxburgh ex Candolle) Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 104. 1860.

 

大籐鱼籐 da yu teng shu

 

                Dalbergia robusta Roxburgh ex Candolle, Prod. 2: 417. 1825; Brachypterum robustum (Roxburgh ex Candolle) Dalzell & Gibson.

 

                Trees, 10--15 m tall, deciduous. Branches slightly sparsely pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 10--15 cm, including petiole 1.5--4 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to obovate, 1.5--4 X 0.9--1.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces puberulous or adaxially glabrous, base obliquely cuneate, apex obtuse and shortly cuspidate. Pseudoracemes axillary, elongated, 5--15 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 4--5 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx campanulate, 2--5 mm, outside sericeous; teeth minute, deltoid. Corolla white; petals clawed; standard orbicular-subcordate. Ovary puberulous. Legume linear-oblong, flat, 3.5--5 X 0.9--1 cm, glabrous or puberulous, both ends narrowed; adaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--5(--10) per legume. Fl. Feb--Apr, fr. May--Jan. 2n = 22.

 

                Mountain slopes; 300--1600 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

2. Derris eriocarpa F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 223. 1954.

 

毛果鱼籐 mao guo yu teng

 

                Lianas. Young shoots rust-colored puberulous. Leaf rachis 20--30 cm, including petiole 5--6 cm, with 13 or 15 leaflets; rachis and petiole canaliculate, sparsely puberulous; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-oblong but apical one obovate-elliptic, 5--7.5 X 2--2.5 cm, stiffly papery, both surfaces appressed scattered yellowish puberulous, base obliquely rounded to obtuse, apex shortly acuminate to slightly obtuse. Pseudoracemes axillary, solitary, longer than leaves; rachis yellowish puberulous; rachis nodes with 3--10 flowers, fascicled or on a 2--4 mm spur. Pedicel filiform, 4--5 mm, appressed yellowish pubescent. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 3--4 mm long and wide, outside densely yellowish pubescent; teeth small, unequal in length. Corolla white flushed with red; standard elliptic-ovate, outside glabrous or sparsely puberulous along veins, base truncate and shallowly cordate, apex slightly emarginate. Stamens unequal in length. Ovary villous. Legume linear-oblong, flat, 6--11 X 1.2--1.6 cm, sparsely villous, base attenuate into a stipe, apex apiculate; adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--8 per legume. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Sep--Jan.

 

                Sparse forests on mountain slopes; 800--1600 m. Guangxi, S Guizhou, S Yunnan [N Thailand].

 

3. Derris yunnanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 2: 69. 1952.

 

云南鱼籐 yun nan yu teng

 

                Lianas, large. Young shoots, petioles, pedicels, bracteoles, and legumes yellowish puberulous. Branchlets robust. Leaf rachis ca. 25 cm, including petiole 4--4.5 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong or apical one oblanceolate, 6.5--11 X 2--3.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely yellowish puberulous, adaxially glabrous or yellowish puberulous in vein axils, base widely cuneate, apex obtusely acuminate. Infructescences axillary, Pseudoracemes, axillary, 20--30 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 flowers born singly along a short branchlet; bracts linear. Pedicel ca 2.5 mm. Flowers 1.4--2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 4--6 mm, puberulous; teeth 5, abaxial tooth longer than others, adaxial 2 teeth subconnate. Corolla glaucous whitish, 1--1.4 cm; petals all long clawed. Ovary sessile, densely pubescent; style long and incurved, glabrous. Legume oblong, flat, 5--15 X 2--2.5 cm, densely yellowish brown short villous, base abruptly constricted, apex obtusely acute; adaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Oct.

 

                * Cliff bases in mountains; ca. 2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.

 

4. Derris harrowiana (Diels) Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 290. 1985.

 

大理鱼籐 da li yu teng

 

                Millettia harrowiana Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 246. 1912.

 

                Lianas. Branches with tuberculate whitish lenticels. Leaf rachis 10--12 cm, including petiole 6--8 cm, with 7--11 leaflets, juvenile at anthesis; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to sometimes narrowly ovate, 4.5--5.5 X 1.5--2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes 12--16 cm including peduncle; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, densely rust-colored sericeous; teeth short. Corolla whitish or rose red, ca. 7 mm. Stamens 7--8 mm. Ovary sericeous. Legume narrowly oblong, 7--16 X 2--2.3 cm, compressed, glabrous, apex mucronate; adaxial suture with a 2--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 2 or 3 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Aug.

 

                * Forests on mountain slopes; 1900--2000 m. Yunnan (Dali Xian).

 

5. Derris trifoliata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 433. 1790.

 

鱼籐 yu teng

 

                Derris uliginosa (Roxburgh ex Willdenow) Bentham; Robinia uliginosa Roxburgh ex Willdenow.

 

                Lianas, glabrous. Leaf rachis 7--15 cm, including petiole 5--9 cm, with (3 or)5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 5--10 X 2--4 cm, firmly papery to subleathery, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 5--10 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3(--6) fascicled flowers sometimes borne on a short branchlet. Pedicel 2--4 mm. Flowers ca 1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or subglabrous; teeth very short, obtuse. Corolla whitish to pink, ca. 1 cm; standard suborbicular. Ovary sparsely pubescent. Legume obliquely ovoid, globose, or oblong, 2.5--4 X 2--3 cm, compressed, glabrous; adaxial suture with a narrow wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Aug--Dec. 2n = 22.

 

                Coastal areas along beaches or riverbanks, thickets, forests; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa, Australia, Pacific Islands].

 

6. Derris ferruginea Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 252. 1852.

 

锈毛鱼籐 xiu mao yu teng

 

                Robinia ferruginea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832 3: 329. 1832, not Kunth (1823).

 

                Lianas. Branchlets densely rust-colored pubescent. Leaf rachis 5.5--9(--15) cm, including petiole 3.5--5(--10) cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to obovate-oblong, 6--13 X 2--5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly rust-colored puberulous, adaxially glabrous and shiny, base rounded, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, 15--30 cm, densely rust-colored puberulous; rachis nodes with 2 or 3(--8) fascicled flowers often borne on a short branchlet. Pedicel slender, 4--6 mm. Flowers ca. 1--1.4 cm. Calyx ca. 3 mm; teeth minute. Corolla pale red to whitish, 8--10 mm. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong to ligulate-oblong, 5--8 X ca. 2.5 cm, leathery, flat, densely rust-colored sericeous when young, nearly glabrescent when old; abaxial suture with a 2--4 mm broad wing, adaxial suture a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Sep--Dec.

 

                Sparse forests and thickets, low elevation mountain slopes; 500--1200 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

7. Derris cavaleriei Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 347. 1913.

 

黔桂鱼籐 qian gui yu ten

 

                Lianas. Branches slender, yellowish pubescent when young, glabrescent, dark brown when dried. Leaf rachis 9--12 cm, including petiole 5--7 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 5--10 X 2--4 cm, leathery, abaxially densely appressed yellowish brown pubescence, adaxially sparsely pubescence or glabrous and not shiny, secondary veins 7--10 on each side of midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles terminal or lateral, 7--10 cm, compact, with few branches; rachis nodes with 2--5 fascicled flowers. Pedicel ca. 6 mm. Flowers ca. 1.3 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, hispidulous. Corolla whitish, 8--10 mm; standard elliptic. Ovary pubescent. Legume broadly ellipsoid, 6--13 X 3--4.5 cm, compressed, densely rust-colored pubescent, both ends subtruncate; abaxial suture with a 3--6 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 0.7--1.3 cm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Dec.

 

                * Thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 300--1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.

 

8. Derris caudatilimba F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 221. 1954.

 

尾叶鱼籐 wei ye yu teng

 

                Lianas. Branches glabrous, with pale gray lenticels. Leaf rachis 10--15 cm, including petioles 4--5 cm, with 7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, 4--10 X 1.4--2.8 cm, papery, abaxially glabrous, midvein raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to slightly obtuse, apex caudate-acuminate. Racemes axillary, narrow and elongated, 10--25 cm; rachis sparsely puberulous, rachis with 2--6 fascicled flowers. Pedicel filiform, 3--5 mm, sparsely puberulous. Flowers 9--10 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm long and wide, glabrous; teeth deltoid. Corolla whitish, 6--7 mm; standard elliptic to orbicular, base subtruncate, apex emarginate. Ovary puberulous. Legume ligulate-oblong, 4--9 X 1.2--1.5 cm, compressed, glabrous, abaxial suture with a 0.8--1.5 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Nov--Dec.

 

                * Thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 500--1400 m. Guangdong, Yunnan.

 

9. Derris breviramosa F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 219. 1954.

 

短枝鱼籐 duan zhi yu teng

 

                Lianas. Leaf rachis 15--20 cm, including petiole 6--7 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong to oblong, 5--10 X 2.5--4.5 cm, subpapery, glabrous, secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein, slender, and raised on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtusely acuminate to shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, much longer than leaves, without branches or panicled and with a few branches near base of rachis; rachis nodes with several fascicled flowers on a 4--6 mm branchlet. Pedicel puberulous, 3--6 mm. Flowers 9--10 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm long and wide, puberulous, with numerous minute orange glandular dots. Corolla whitish, 8--9 mm; petals all clawed; standard oblong. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong, inserted on scarred nodal short branchlets, 5--7.5 X 1.8--2 cm, compressed, finely veined, glabrous, both ends slightly obtuse; abaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3.5--5 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.

 

                * Mountain valleys, streamsides. Hainan.

 

10. Derris scabricaulis (Franchet) Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 367. 1913.

 

粗茎鱼籐 cu jing yu teng

 

                Millettia scabricaulis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 158. 1889.

 

                Lianas. Branches scabrous, with convex lenticels, brownish pubescence when young. Leaf rachis 9--14 cm, including petiole 4.5--6 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; petiolules blackish brown; leaflet blades obovate-oblong to oblong, 5--9 X 1.5--3 cm, papery, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded, or broadly cuneate and rather oblique except for apical one, apex shortly acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary or terminal, ca. 25 cm or much longer; rachis nodes with 2--3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 2--3 mm, puberulous. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, 2--3 mm, appressed yellowish puberulous; teeth obscure. Corolla reddish, glabrous, ca. 5 X as long as calyx; standard orbicular. Ovary pubescent. Legume oblong, 6--9 X ca. 3 cm, thin, glabrous; abaxial suture with a 0.5--1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. May, fr. Aug--Sep.

 

                * Valleys in mountains, scrub; 1400--2500 m. Xizang, Yunnan.

 

11. Derris tonkinensis Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 349. 1913.

 

东京鱼籐 dong jing yu teng

 

                Trees or climbing shrubs. Branches brown to red, glabrous. Leaf rachis 4--8 cm, including petiole 1.5-6 cm, with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate or broadly ovate to oblong, 3--10 X 1.5--4 cm, firm in texture, glabrous, base rounded but apical one cuneate, apex shortly acuminate to obtuse. Pseudoracemes axillary or terminal, lax or somewhat congested, 7--10 X ca. 5 cm, sometimes panicled with 1 to many 3--4 cm slender branches, thinly reddish pilose; rachis nodes with 4--6 flowers congested and fascicled or lax or borne on 1.5--2 cm branchlets. Pedicel 6--7 mm, appressed reddish pilose. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, 2.5--3 mm, appressed reddish pilose; teeth obscure. Corolla whitish to pink; petals all clawed; standard elliptic, 10--12 X ca. 6 mm, reflexed, base abruptly attenuate. Ovary slightly pilose. Legume ellipsoid, 8--11 X ca. 2.5 cm, flat, glabrous, finely veined, both ends obtusely attenuate; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 5 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Mar--Jun, fr. May--Nov.

 

                Scrub or sparse forests on mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou [Vietnam].

 

1a. Leaves with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 3--6 cm; inflorescences with 1--3 or more branches; flowers lax and on 1.5--2 cm branchlets ................................................................................................................  11a. var. tonkinensis

1b. Leaves with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5--10 cm; inflorescences with many branches; flowers congested and fascicled ..........................................................................................................  11b. var. compacta

 

11a. Derris tonkinensis var. tonkinensis

 

东京鱼籐(原变种) dong jing yu teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Leaves with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 3--6 cm. Inflorescences with 1--3 branches. Flowers lax on 1.5--2 cm branchlets. Corolla whitish to pink. Fl. Mar--Jun, fr. May--Oct.

 

                Guangxi, Guizhou [Vietnam].

 

11b. Derris tonkinensis var. compacta Gagnepain, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 2: 458. 1916.

 

大叶东京鱼籐 da ye dong jing yu teng

 

                Leaves with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5--10 cm. Inflorescences with many branches. Flowers congested and fascicled. Corolla pink. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Nov.

 

                * Guangdong, Guangxi.

 

12. Derris fordii Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1771. 1888.

 

中南鱼籐 zhong nan yu teng

 

                Lianas. Leaf rachis, 15--28 cm, including petiole 3--8 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 3--13 X 1.5--6 cm, thickly papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, reticulate veins slightly prominent or obscure, base rounded, apex acuminate to slightly obtuse. Inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous or densely brownish pubescent. Pseudopanicles axillary, slightly shorter than leaves; rachis nodes with several fascicled flowers on short branchlets. Pedicel 3--5 mm. Flowers 1.2--1.3 cm. Calyx campanulate, 2--3 mm, sparsely pubescent; teeth orbicular to deltoid, short. Corolla whitish, ca. 1 cm; standard obovate-elliptic, claw short. Ovary sessile, whitish villous. Legume oblong to ligulate-oblong, 4--10 X 1.5--2.3 cm, compressed, swollen or not when mature, thinly leathery, glabrous; abaxial suture wing up to 1.5 mm broad, adaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jun--Nov.

 

                * Mountain valleys, scrub or sparse to dense forests or on mountain slopes, near trails; 500--1600 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

1a. Leaflet blades 4--13 X 2--6 cm, reticulate veinlets slightly prominent; inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous; legume slightly thick, swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad and obscure wing ...................................................................................................................................................  12a. var. fordii

1b. Leaflet blades 3--8 X 1.5--3 cm, reticulate veinlets obscure; inflorescences and pedicels densely brownish pubescent; legume thin, not swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a 1--1.5 mm broad and distinct wing ....  12b. var. lucida

 

12a. Derris fordii var. fordii

 

中南鱼籐(原变种) zhong nan yu teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Derris rubromaculata Chun & F. C. How.

 

                Leaflet blades 4--13 X 2--6 cm, reticulate veinlets slightly prominent. Inflorescences and pedicels sparsely yellowish brown hispidulous. Legume slightly thick, swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad and obscure wing. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Oct--Nov.

 

                * Mountain valleys, in scrub or sparse forests or on mountain slopes, near trails. Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

12b. Derris fordii var. lucida F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 218. 1954.

 

亮叶中南鱼籐 liang ye zhong nan yu teng

 

                Leaflet blades 3--8 X 1.5--3 cm, adaxially shiny, reticulate veinlets obscure. Inflorescences and pedicels densely brownish pubescent. Legume thin, not swollen when mature, abaxial suture with a 1--1.5 mm broad and distinct wing. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Jun--Aug.

 

                * Dense or sparse forests on rocky mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.

 

13. Derris alborubra Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8008. 1905.

 

白花鱼籐 bai hua yu teng

 

                Lianas, 6--7 m, evergreen. Leaf rachis 5--14 cm, including petiole 2.5--3.5 cm, with (3 or)5 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 5--8(--15) X 2--5(--7) cm, leathery, glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse and slightly emarginate. Inflorescence rachis and pedicels thinly puberulous. Pseudopanicles terminal or axillary, 15--30 cm, narrow; rachis nodes with up to 15 flowers on short filiform branchlets. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx red, obliquely campanulate, ca. 4.5 mm, appressed pubescent but glabrescent. Corolla whitish, 1--1.2 cm; standard suborbicular, puberulous, apex emarginate. Ovary sessile, yellowish pubescent. Legume obliquely ovoid to obliquely oblong, 2--5 X 2.2--2.5 cm, compressed, glabrous; abaxial suture with a ca. 1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.

 

                Sparse forests or thickets on mountain slopes. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam].

 

                The taxon reported here is the autonym variety. Another variety, Derris alborubra var. honheoensis P. K. Lôc, is endemic to Vietnam.

 

14. Derris marginata (Roxburgh) Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 252. 1852.

 

边荚鱼籐 bian jia yu teng

 

                Dalbergia marginata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832 3: 230. 1832.

 

                Lianas, glabrous except for pilose calyxes and ovaries. Leaf rachis 13--25 cm, including petiole (3.5--)5--10 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-elliptic to obovate, 5--15 X 2.5--6 cm, subleathery, secondary veins 6--8(--10) on each side of midvein and slightly prominent, base rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, 6--20 cm, with few branches, glabrous; rachis nodes with 1--3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 5--12 mm. Flowers 1--1.2 cm. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, 2--3 mm. Corolla whitish to pale red, 8--10(--12) cm, glabrous; standard broadly ovate. Ovary sessile, glabrescent. Legume ligulate-oblong, 7--10(--15) X 2--4 cm, thin, glabrous, reticulately veined; abaxial suture with a 2--3 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 6--8 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Nov--Jan.

 

                Open or dense forests, mountain slopes; 400--600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

                The place of publication of the basionym is often given incorrectly. Roxburgh used the epithet “marginata” in Flora Indica for distinct species in two genera. Both were treated by Bentham as species of Derris. In making the transfer of Dalbergia marginata, Bentham cited the wrong page number. See R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 110. 1984, for discussion.

 

15. Derris laxiflora Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl): 105. 1860.

 

疏花鱼籐 shu hua yu teng

 

                Lianas, glabrous except for pilose calyxes. Leaf rachis 6--9(--12) cm, including petiole 3--6 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, 5--8 X 2.5--4 cm, subleathery, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse. Pseudopanicles terminal, 15--30 cm, laxly flowered, basal branch elongated but others short; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 fascicled flowers. Pedicel 6--8 mm. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 2 mm. Corolla whitish, 7--9 mm; petals all clawed; standard suborbicular, base broadly cuneate. Ovary glabrous. Legume ellipsoid, 5--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, flattened, glabrous; abaxial suture with a distinct but narrow wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 3 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.

 

                * Semi open areas, thicket margins; below 1000 m. Taiwan.

 

16. Derris palmifolia Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 2: 68. 1952.

 

掌叶鱼籐 zhang ye yu teng

 

                Lianas, glabrous except for pubescent young branchlets and flower buds. Leaves subpalmately pinnate, 5--7 cm, with 5 closely inserted leaflets on an abbreviated rachis; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to oblong, basal pair each 2--3.5 X 1.3--1.5 cm, remaining pairs each 4--5 X 1.5 cm but sometimes apical one larger, secondary veins 6--9 on each side of midvein and very slender, base cuneate to slightly subrounded, apex shortly acuminate. Flowers unknown. Infructescences axillary, 2--3 X as long as leaves, broadly panicled, with few elongated spreading branches. Legume oblong-ligulate, 4--7 X 1.3--1.7cm, reticulately veined when dry, base rounded to truncate, apex obliquely pointed; abaxial suture with a less than 1 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2 per legume. Fr. Sep.

 

                * Valleys in mountains; ca. 1700 m. Yunnan.

 

2. PARADERRIS (Miquel) R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 109. 1984.

 

拟鱼藤属 (ni yu teng shu)

 

Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley

 

                Derris Loureiro sect. Paraderris Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 145. 1855.

 

                Lianas. Stipules small. Leaves odd-pinnate, stipels much reduced or absent. Flowers in axillary pseudoracemes occasionally aggregated into pseudopanicles. Brachyblasts rather thin with (1 or)2 or 3(--5) flowers. Bracts shorter than corresponding flower-buds. Bracteoles present. Calyx with 5 short lobes. Corolla white to rose red; standard blade elliptic to suborbicular, reflexed at base; basal calluses distinct, large. Wings and keel petals ± equally long. Stamens monadelphous, upper staminal filament adnate to other 9; anthers usually with trichomes. Disk distinct, flat to slightly hollow. Ovary with trichomes; ovules 1--7. Pod indehiscent, woody to thickly woody; either both sutures with a longitudinal wing or winged only on adaxial suture, Seeds 1 to several per legume, lens-shaped; radicle folded.

 

                About 15 species: through SE Asia to New Guinea, absent from Australia and Pacific Islands; six species (three endemic and two exotic) in China.

 

1a. Flowers in pseudopanicles; leaflets 9--15.

2a. Leaflet blades subleathery, apex obtuse to acute; flowers less than 1.2 cm; legume ca. 3 cm ...  3. P. canarensis

2b. Leaflet blades membranous, apex caudate-acuminate to acuminate; flowers 1.5--1.8 cm; legume more than 4 cm.

3a. Leaflet blades 9--13, abaxially glaucous when dry; branchlets yellowish pubescent; corolla rose red; pedicel 0.8--1 cm ................................................................................................................................................  1. P. glauca

3b. Leaflet blades 13 or 15, abaxially olive green when dry; branchlets glabrous; corolla whitish; pedicel 1--2 cm ...................................................................................................................................................... . 2. P. hainanensis

1b. Flowers in pseudoracemes; leaflets 5--13.

4a. Leaflet blades 9--13, abaxially sericeous; corolla standard sericeous outside ..................................  4. P. elliptica

4b. Leaflet blades 5--9, abaxially glabrous; corolla standard glabrous outside.

5a. Leaflet blades papery, 5--9 cm, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate; rachis of inflorescences puberulous .................................................................................................................................................................  5. P. hancei

5b. Leaflet blades subleathery, 10--15 cm, apex caudate-acuminate; rachis of inflorescences glabrous (cultivated) .......................................................................................................................................................  6. P. malaccensis

 

1. Paraderris glauca (Merrill & Chun) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

粉叶鱼籐 fen ye yu teng

 

Derris glauca Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsensia 2: 246. 1935.

 

                Lianas. Branches and young shoots yellowish pubescent; branchlets tuberculate, very sparse pilose or glabrescent. Leaf rachis 7--14 cm., including petiole 3--7 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong, 5--7 X 2--3.5 cm, membranous, abaxially greenish white when young but glaucous when old, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate. Cymose pseudopanicles 10--15 X 6--8 cm; rachis nodes usually with 3 fascicled flowers at apex of a 8--10 mm branchlet. Pedicel 8--10 mm, slender. Flowers 1.6--1.8 cm. Calyx reddish brown, broadly cup-shaped, 6--7 mm in diam., mouth yellowish pubescent. Corolla rose red; standard broadly ovate, 1.6--1.7 X ca. 1.2 cm, apex emarginate. Ovary yellowish puberulous on basal part. Legume oblong to ligulate, 4--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, thin, base attenuate to obtuse, apex acuminate; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Aug.

 

                * Forests in mountains; below 700 m. S Guangxi, Hainan.

 

2. Paraderris hainanensis (Hayata) Adema, Blumea 48: 138. 2003.

 

海南鱼籐 hai nan yu teng

               

                Derris hainanensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 77. 1913.

 

                Lianas. Branches terete, glabrous, with scattered elliptic lenticels. Stipules oblong-triangular, pilose, apex acute. Leaf rachis 8--15 cm, including petiole (4.5--)6--8 cm, with 13 or 15 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate to long elliptic, 4--7 X 1.8--3.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially olive green and slightly whitish green, base broadly cuneate to sometimes subrounded, apex caudate-acuminate to cuneate. Cymose pseudopanicles axillary, 10--15 cm. Pedicel 1--2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 X 7 mm, subglabrous. Corolla whitish; standard suborbicular, ca. 1.5 cm, claw ca. 3 mm, limb base cordate and with 2 triangular calluses, apex emarginate. Ovary linear, hirsute. Legume oblong to ligulate, 4.5--10 X ca. 2 cm; abaxial suture with a 1--2 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a 3--4 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct.

 

                * Open forests, scrub on mountain slopes. Hainan.

 

3. Paraderris canarensis (Dalzell) Adema, Blumea 48: 137. 2003.

 

兰屿鱼籐 lan yu yu teng

 

                Pongamia canarensis Dalzell, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 37. 1850; Derris oblonga Bentham.

 

                Lianas. Branches subglabrous. Leaf rachis to 30 cm, including petiole 4--6 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 4--6 X 1--2 cm, subleathery, both surfaces ± glabrous, abaxially glaucous, apex obtuse to acute. Pseudopanicles much shorter than leaves, rachis short, branches densely compact. Pedicel 3--4 mm, grayish velutinous. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm. Corolla white or light purple, ca. 1.2 cm; standard ca. 1 cm wide, reflexed, glabrous. Legume broadly oblong, ca. 3 X 2 cm, glabrous; adaxial suture with a wing ca. 2 mm broad. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun--Jul.

 

                Coastal forest margins; below 100 m. Taiwan (Lanyu Dao) [Philippines].

 

4. Paraderris elliptica (Wallich) Adema, Thai For. Bull., Bot. 28: 11. 2001 (“2000”).

 

毛鱼籐 mao yu teng

 

Pongamia elliptica Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 20. 1832; Derris elliptica (Roxburgh) Bentham; Galedupa elliptica Roxburgh.

 

                Lianas, 7--10 m, robust. Young branchlets, leaf rachises, petioles, and petiolules densely brown pubescence. Branches glabrous when old, scattered with brown lenticels. Leaf rachis 20--35 cm, including petiole 4--8 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblanceolate, 6--15 X 2--4 cm, thickly papery, abaxially greenish white and finely brown sericeous, adaxially glabrous or only pubescent along veins, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex shortly obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 15--25 cm, rachis densely pubescent; rachis nodes with 3 or 4 flowers fascicled on short branchlets; peduncle 8--12 cm or much longer, densely pubescent. Pedicel 6--8 mm, densely pubescent. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, ca. 4 X 6--7 mm, densely sericeous. Corolla pink to whitish, 1.5--1.8 cm; standard suborbicular, 1.2--1.5 cm wide, outside brown pubescent, apex emarginate. Ovary densely pubescent. Legume oblong, 3.5--8 X 1.7--2 cm, compressed, pubescent when young, glabrescent; abaxial suture with a ca. 0.5 mm broad wing, adaxial suture with a ca. 2 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun.

 

                Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam].

 

                Cultivated as an insecticide.

 

5. Paraderris hancei (Hemsley) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

粤东鱼籐 yue dong yu teng

 

                Derris hancei Hemsley, Bot. Mag. 131: t. 8008. 1905.

 

                Lianas. Leaf rachis 12--17 cm, including petiole 4.5--9 cm, with (5 or)7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-oblong, 5--9 X 2--3.5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially greenish white and midvein conspicuously prominent, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or slightly rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 7--12 cm, narrow, scattered puberulous. Pedicel slender, 3--5 mm. Flowers 1.1--1.3 cm. Calyx 3--4 mm, purplish red, subtruncate, outside glabrous, inside with a ring of pubescence around mouth. Corolla white tinged with red outside, 1--1.2 cm; standard suborbicular, apex emarginate. Ovary sericeous. Legume obliquely ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 2.5--4 X 1.5--1.8 cm, glabrous, with transverse reticulate veins when mature; both sutures with a 1--1.5 mm broad wing. Seed 1(or 2) per legume. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Jul--Jan.

 

                * Along trails, near pond banks. Guangdong, Guangxi.

 

6. Paraderris malaccensis (Bentham) Adema, Thai For. Bull., Bot. 28: 11. 2001 (“2000”).

 

异翅鱼籐 yi chi yu teng

 

                Derris cuneifolia Bentham var. malaccensis Bentham, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4(Suppl.): 112. 1860; D. malaccensis (Bentham) Prain.

 

                Lianas, 10--15 m, glabrous except ovaries and mouth of calyxes. Leaf rachis 20--30 cm, including petiole 3--7 cm, with 5 or 7(or 9) leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, 10--15 cm, subleathery, base rounded, apex caudate-acuminate. Pseudoracemes shorter than leaves; rachis nodes with flowers often on short branchlets. Flowers ca. 1.7 cm. Calyx pink, campanulate, ca. 3 mm, apical margin sinuate and ciliate. Corolla rose red, pink, or whitish, 1.3--1.4 cm; standard orbicular, apex truncate or emarginate. Ovary velutinous. Legume oblong, 5--8 cm; both sutures winged, abaxial suture with a 1 mm or less broad wing. Seeds 1--4 per legume. Fl. Feb--May, fr. Apr--Aug.

 

                Cultivated in Guangdong (Guangzhou) and Hainan [native to Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam].

 

                Adema (Blumea 48: 139. 2003) synonymised P. malaccensis with P. montana (Bentham) Adema (Derris montana Bentham).

 

3. AGANOPE Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. 1: 151. 1855.

 

双束鱼腾属 (shuang shu teng shu)

 

Chen Dezhao (陈德昭 Chen Te-chao); Les Pedley

 

                Woody lianas or sprawling trees. Leaflets (sub)opposite, papery to subleathery; stipules caducous; stipels caducous or absent. Inflorescences terminal or supra-axillary in well developed pseudopanicles; bracts shorter than corresponding buds; bracteoles caducous. Calyx with cupular or campanulate tube, subtruncate or with distinct teeth; petals glabrous or slightly pubescent; standard truncate to subcordate, with or without calluses; wings free from keel at least proximally. Stamens diadelphous; vexillary stamen free from other 9. Disk present; ovary 1--10 ovulate. Legumes compressed, woody; abaxial or both sutures with longitudinal wing. Seeds 1 to several per legume; hilum exocentric; radicle short, straight.

 

                About seven species; tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands; three species (one endemic) in China.

 

1a. Leaflets fewer than 5 or 7; panicles glabrous; trees .......................................................................................  1. A. latifolia

1b. Leaflets 5--9; panicles pilose or pubescence; lianas.

2a. Calyx ca. 3 mm, sparsely pilose; flowers ca. 0.8 cm; legume 5--10 cm .............................................  2. A. thyrsiflora

2b. Calyx ca. 6 mm, densely pubescent; flowers 1.5--1.7 cm; legume 10--15 cm ...............................  3. A. dinghuensis

 

1. Aganope latifolia (Prain) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

大叶鱼籐 da ye yu teng

 

                Derris latifolia Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 107. 1897.

 

                Trees. Leaf rachis 45--60 cm, including petiole 9--15 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 14--25 X 7--10 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously raised and adaxially impressed, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, apex acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, copious, 50--65 cm, glabrous; branches 5--10 cm; branchlet nodes close together, with 1 flower. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Flower ca. 6.5 mm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 2.5 X 3 mm, glabrous, apex subtruncate. Corolla standard orbicular, ca. 7.5 mm in diam, erect, without basal calluses. Legume woody, 9--11 X ca. 3.5 cm, thin, smooth, glabrous, without reticulate veins; both sutures with a 3--5 mm broad wing. Seed 1 per legume. Fl. unknown, fr. Jan.

 

                Open forests on mountain slopes; 600--1200 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [E India].

 

2. Aganope thyrsiflora (Bentham) Polhill, Kew Bull. 25: 268. 1971.

 

密锥花鱼籐 mi zhui hua yu teng

 

                Millettia thyrsiflora Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 249. 1852; Derris thyrsiflora (Bentham) Bentham.

 

                Lianas or scandent shrubs. Branchlets glabrous or very sparsely pilose. Leaf rachis 30--45 cm, including petiole 8--14 cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 10--15 X 3.5--7 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veins 5--7 on each side of midvein, base rounded, apex shortly acuminate to sometimes obtuse. Pseudopanicles axillary or terminal, narrowly pyramidal, 12--35 cm, compact, brown or reddish pilose; branches numerous, ascending or spreading; branchlet nodes with several close but not fascicled flowers on a short branchlet. Pedicel very short. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm, very sparsely pilose, apex truncate or obscurely deltoid toothed. Corolla 8--10 mm, whitish to purplish red; standard orbicular, with calluses base cordate, apex emarginate. Ovary pilose. Legume oblong, 5--10 X 2.5--3(--4) cm, thin, glabrous, with conspicuous reticulate veins; both sutures with a 3--8 mm broad wing. Seeds 1--3 per legume, oblong-reniform. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Nov.

 

                Scrub by streams in mountains; low elevations but to ca. 2000 m in Yunnan. Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific Islands].

 

3. Aganope dinghuensis (P. Y. Chen) T. C. Chen & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

鼎湖鱼籐 ding hu yu teng

 

                Derris dinghuensis P. Y. Chen, Phytotax. Sin. 22: 81. 1984.

 

                Lianas. Branches brownish when dry, sparsely rust-colored pubescent, scattered with brownish oblong to orbicular lenticels. Leaf rachis 35--50 cm, including petiole 10--12 cm, with 9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to broadly oblong-ovate, 10--18 X 7--11cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously raised and adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 6--8 on each side of midvein, base rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate. Pseudopanicles axillary, ca. 20 cm, densely brownish pubescent, only basal part of rachis with few branches. Pedicel 3--5 mm, densely brownish pubescent. Flowers 1.5--1.7 cm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 6 X 8 mm, densely brownish pubescent; teeth obscure. Corolla 1.5--1.7 cm, whitish; standard orbicular, without basal calluses. Ovary puberulous. Legume ligulate-oblong, 10--15 X 3--3.5 cm, glabrous, conspicuously veined, base narrowed, apex shortly acuminate; both sutures with a 5--8 mm broad wing. Seeds 1 per legume, reniform, ca. 2.5 X 1.3 cm. Fl. Jan--Jul, fr. Nov--Dec.

 

                * Forests, low elevation mountains. Guangdong (Dinghu Shan).

 

4. ANTHEROPORUM Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 180. 1915.

 

肿荚豆属 zhong jia dou shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Trees, evergreen. Stipules and stipels absent. Leaves odd-pinnate; petiole and petiolules often basally thickened; leaflet blades (sub)opposite. Inflorescences terminal associated with racemes in groups of 2--5 in axils of leaves at tips of branches; bracts longer than corresponding buds and covering them, soon caducous. Calyx cup-shaped; teeth inconspicuous. Petals ± equal, all long clawed, glabrous; standard curved upwards, without basal calluses; wings partly fused to keel. Stamens monadelphous; anthers orbicular, dehiscing by a short slit at tip. Ovary stipitate or subsessile, with trichomes, with 2--6 ovules; style subulate, short. Legume inflated, not winged, dehiscent; valves woody, vacuous inside. Seeds 1(or 2), compressed globose, shiny; helium round, ca. 3 mm in diam.

 

                 Five species: S China, Thailand, Vietnam; two species (not endemic) in China.

 

1a. Branchlets and leaves glabrous; inflorescences tawny pubescent; petiolules blackened when dry; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-ovate, abaxially glaucous, base tapering to petiolule .....................................................  1. A. glaucum

1b. Branchlets, leaves, and inflorescences with yellowish trichomes; petiolules with grayish trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, abaxially densely appressed sericeous, base rounded, asymmetric .......................................  2. A. harmandii

 

1. Antheroporum glaucum Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 351. 1981.

 

粉叶肿荚豆 fen ye zhong jia dou

 

                Trees, glabrous except tawny pubescent inflorescences. Branchlets olive green becoming gray, smooth. Leaf rachis 30--35 cm, including petiole 6--7 cm, with 7 leaflets; petiolules 5--10 mm, blackened when dry; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-ovate, 12--22 X 4--7 cm, abaxially glaucous, adaxially shiny, secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midvein, base tapering, apex acuminate to caudate. Racemes axillary, usually 2--5 apically on branchlets, 7--10 cm; rachis nodes congested, with 1 or 2 flowers; peduncle variable in length. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, slender. Flower ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 X 2.5 mm. Corolla white, ca. 1 cm; standard suborbicular, base tapering into a long claw. Ovary linear, with trichomes, with 2--4 ovules. Legume oblong-rhomboid. Fl. Mar--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.

 

                 Seasonal rainforests; 500--1300 m. S Yunnan [Thailand].

 

2. Antheroporum harmandii Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 181. 1915.

 

肿荚豆 zhong jia dou

 

                Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets yellowish velutinous, with scattered minute lenticels. Leaf rachis 30--40 cm, including petiole 6--8 cm, with 7 or 9(--13) leaflets; petiolules 6--9 mm, grayish velutinous; leaflet blades oblong, 11--18 X 3--5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially shiny, secondary veins 5--8 on each side of midvein, base rounded and asymmetric, apex acute. Racemes axillary, usually 2--5 congested apically on branches to form a large panicle, 7--15 cm, velutinous. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx ca. 4 X 3 mm, puberulous. Corolla pale pink, ca. cm; standard obcordate. Ovary with trichomes, with 2 ovules. Legume oblong-rhomboid, ca. 8 X 3.5 cm, densely yellow velutinous, apex shortly straight beaked. Seed chestnut brown, ca. 1.8 X 1.4 cm, shiny. Fl. Mar--Oct, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                Mixed woods in valleys; 200--1000 m. W Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SE and SW Yunnan [Vietnam].

 

5. AFGEKIA Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 376. 1927.

 

猪腰豆属 zhu yao dou shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Shrubs, scandent. Stipules caducous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels present; leaflets opposite. Inflorescences in axillary or cauliflorous racemes or elongated panicles, with large imbricate tailed sericeous bracts covering flower buds, caducous. Bracteoles minute. Calyx shortly 5-toothed. Corolla standard basally with 2 curved laminar calluses; wings and keels equal in length, both clawed. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary free from other nine. Ovary stipitate, with trichomes, with 2 ovules. Legume inflated, tardily dehiscent; valves thickly woody. Seeds 1[or 2] per legume, ellipsoid, shiny; hilum ca. 1/2 as long as seed.

 

                Three species: SW China, Myanmar, Thailand; one species (not endemic) in China.

 

1. Afgekia filipes (Dunn) R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 77. 1984.

 

猪腰豆 zhu yao dou

 

                Adinobotrys filipes Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 195. 1911; Padbruggea filipes (Dunn) Craib; Whitfordiodendron filipes (Dunn) Dunn.

 

                Shrubs, scandent. Bark yellow, split longitudinally. Stems to 20 m, terete, sericeous and scarlet strigose when young, glabrescent. Stipules narrowly triangulate, ca. 6 mm. Leaf rachis 25--35 cm, including petiole 5--8 cm, with (13--)17 or 19 leaflets; stipels filiform, caducous; petiolules 3--4 mm; leaflet blades oblong, 6--10 X 2--3.5 cm, papery or leathery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent or abaxially densely bright brown hirsute and adaxially rough, secondary veins 7--9 on each side of midvein, base rounded and asymmetric. Panicles cauliflorous, rough with scars of fallen bracts; bracts ca. 2 cm, membranous, sericeous. Pedicel ca. 2 cm. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm. Calyx cup-shaped, with trichomes, adaxial pair of teeth connate. Corolla lilac, abaxially puberulous. Legume spindle-shaped, ca. 17 X 9 cm, velutinous, indehiscent, persistently hanging on trunk. Seed 1 per legume, dark brown, reniform, ca. 8 X 4.5 cm, smooth, shiny; hilum 3.5--4 cm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Sep--Nov.

 

                Sparse thickets, evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; 200--1300 m. W Guangxi, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

1a. Leaflet blades papery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent .................................................  1a. var. filipes

1b. Leaflet blades leathery, abaxially densely bright brown hirsute, adaxially rough ...........................  1b. var. tomentosa

 

1a. Afgekia filipes var. filipes

 

猪腰豆(原变种) zhu yao dou (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Leaflet blades papery, both surfaces silvery pubescent but glabrescent.

 

                 Sparse thickets; 200--1300 m. W Guangxi, S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

1b. Afgekia filipes var. tomentosa (Z. Wei) Y. F. Deng & H. N. Qin, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 42: 133. 2005.

 

毛叶猪腰豆 mao ye zhu yao dou

 

                Whitfordiodendron filipes (Dunn) Dunn var. tomentosum Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 75. 1989.

 

                Leaflet blades abaxially, petiolules, and leaf rachises densely bright brown hirsute. Leaflet blades leathery, adaxially rough and dark green.

 

                * Evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; 1100--1300 m. S Yunnan, Guangxi.

 

6. SARCODUM Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 462. 1790.

 

耀花豆属 yao hua dou shu

 

Sun Hang (孙航); Les Pedley

 

                Lianas. Apical vegetative bud dormant during anthesis and fruit set. Stipules and stipels persistent. Racemes in axil of terminal leaves forming a leafy panicle; bracts longer than corresponding flowers, caducous. Bracteoles present. Calyx campanulate, subtruncate, bilabiate. Corolla standard reflexed at base, calluses absent; wings and keel about equally long; wings free from keel. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary staminal filament distinct from other 9. Ovary glabrous, with 9--12 ovules. Legume linear, cylindrical, raised over seeds, dehiscing along adaxial suture; exocarp fleshy but papery when dry; endocarp thin, leathery, lining seed cavity. Seeds ellipsoid; hilum rather elongated, surrounded by prominent rim; radicle folded.

 

                Three species: SE Asia, Pacific Islands (Solomon Islands); one species (not endemic) in China.

 

                Sarcodum is here recognized as a genus distinct from Clianthus Solander ex Lindley. Clianthus is now considered to be a genus with one or two species restricted to New Zealand, and the Australian species formerly recognized in Clianthus are referred to Swainsona K. Sprengel.

 

1. Sarcodum scandens Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 462. 1790.

 

耀花豆 yao hua dou

 

                Clianthus scandens (Loureiro) Merrill.

 

                Lianas. Branchlets villous with long spreading trichomes, glabrescent. Stipules 1--1.5 cm. Leaf rachises 10-25 cm, including petiole 1.5--3 cm, with 19--35 leaflets; stipels 4--5 mm; leaf blades oblong, 2.3--3.3 X 0.7--1.2 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent with appressed trichomes, adaxially sprinkled with whitish appressed trichomes, base rounded, apex rounded to obtuse and mucronate. Racemes 5--10 cm; bracts lanceolate-caudate, slightly keeled, 1.6--2 cm. Pedicel 7--10 mm; bracteoles 2--4 mm. Calyx 3--4 mm, with dense brown appressed trichomes. Corolla purplish; standard elliptic, 1.5--1.7 X ca. 1.1 cm, base subcordate, apex rounded. Ovary linear, ca. 1 cm, stipitate, with 6--10 ovules, glabrous. Legume 7--9 cm, 4--9 mm in diam., 6--10 seeded, slightly constricted between seeds; stipe ca. 5 mm. Seeds bright blackish, ca. 6 X 3.5 mm; hilum broadly ovoid. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Aug.

 

                Valleys, escarpment forests, climbing in tree. C and S Hainan [E Indonesia (Moluccas), Philippines, Vietnam].

 

7. FORDIA Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 160. 1886.

 

干花豆属 gan hua dou shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Imbralyx R. Geesink.

 

                Shrubs. Supra-axillary buds covered with many striking subulate cataphylls. Stipules present, persistent or caducous. Leaves spirally arranged, odd-pinnate; stipels filiform in Chinese species, persistent; leaflets opposite, rather larger pairs at middle of leaf rachis, basal one or two pairs rather smaller. Pseudoracemes cauliflorous or axillary on branchlets of previous year. Bracts shorter than corresponding flower buds. Calyx indistinctly 5-toothed. Petals clawed, sericeous at basal and apical margins; standard reflexed at base, without basal calluses. Stamens diadelphous; vexillary stamen free from other 9. Ovary sessile, with trichomes, with 2(or 3) ovules. Legume clavate, flat, thinly woody, without wings. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume, lenticular, smooth; radicle folded.

 

                Eight species: SE Asia; two species (both endemic) in China.

 

1a. Stipules falcate, persistent; leaves with (19--)23 or 25 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, 4--12 X 2.5--3 cm; pseudoracemes 15--40 cm; flowers 1.1--1.3 cm; legume 7--10 X 2--2.5 cm .........................................................................  1. F. cauliflora

1b. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, caducous; leaves with 17--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 2.5--6 X ca. 1.5 cm; pseudoracemes 8--13 cm; flowers 0.8--1 cm; legume 3.5--6 X ca. 1.5 cm ...........................................  2. F. microphylla

 

1. Fordia cauliflora Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 160. 1886.

 

干花豆 gan hua dou

 

                Millettia cauliflora (Hemsley) Gagnepain.

 

                Shrubs, 2--4 m tall. Stems rusty tomentose, glabrescent, rough with round traces of fallen leaves. Buds covered, many subulate 1.3--1.9 cm cataphylls. Stipules falcate, 2--2.5 cm, persistent. Leaf rachis to 50 cm, including petiole ca. 10 cm, with (19--)23 or 25 leaflets; stipels subulate 2--2.5 cm; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-oblong, 4--12 X 2.5--3 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, base rounded, apex acuminate. Pseudoracemes 15--40 cm, thick, straight, usually 2 or 3 together; branchlet nodes wartlike, with 3--6(--10) flowers; bracts and bracteoles minute. Flowers 1.1--1.3 cm. Corolla roseate to purple. Legume clavate, 7--10 X 2--2.5 cm, glabrescent, apex shortly beaked. Seed 1 or 2 per legume, dark brown, orbicular, ca. 1 cm. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jun--Dec. 2n = 22.

 

                * Thickets on hills; near sea level to 500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou.

 

2. Fordia microphylla Dunn ex Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 75. 1989.

 

小叶干花豆 xiao ye gan hua dou

 

                Shrubs, to 2 m tall, erect. Stems yellowish tomentose. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, caducous. Leaves gathered at top of branchlets; rachis 15--20 cm, including petiole 3--5 cm, with 17--21 leaflets; stipels filiform, ca. 1.5 mm; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 2.5--6 X ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially densely pubescent to tomentose. Pseudoracemes at base of branchlets of previous year, 8--13 cm; branchlet nodes obscure, with 2--5 flowers. Flowers 8--10 mm. Corolla mauve to purple. Legume clavate, 3.5--6 X ca. 1.5 cm, flat, glabrescent, dehiscent. Seed 1(or 2) per legume, brown, orbicular, flattened, smooth. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Dec.

 

                * Rocky slopes in valleys; 800--2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.

 

8. MILLETTIA Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 263. 1834, nom. cons.

 

鸡血藤属 ji xue teng shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Trees, shrubs, or lianas. Stipules present, persistent or caducous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels present or absent; leaflet blades opposite or rarely subalternate. Inflorescences a pseudoraceme, unbranched (but branched in M. ichthyochtona), rachis with lateral flowering branchlets reduced to knobs or short spur at each node, flowers 2--5 in a clusters or fascicles per node; bracts and bracteoles present. Calyx tube broad, shortly 5-toothed; adaxial 2 teeth ± connate. Corolla standard large, with or without basal calluses. Vexillary stamen free in bud sometimes and becoming adherent to other 9 when mature. Ovary linear; style straight or inflexed. Legume 2-valved, flat, sometimes cylindric or inflated only around ellipsoid seeds, tardily dehiscent, not winged or with two wings perpendicular to abaxial or both sutures. Seed 1 to several per legume, lenticular or globose; funicle fleshy, swelling at adaxial side, surrounding and clasping hilum as a short ringlike aril.

 

                About 100 species: subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia; 17 species (6 endemic) in China.

 

                Many species used in China for medicinal drugs, insecticide, or fish poison fish. A few species are cultivated as ornamentals.

 

1a. Petals outside glabrous (but not always explicitly stated in description. Corolla unknown in M. entadoides).

2a. Leaf rachis and leaflet blades glabrous.

3a. Leaflets subalternate, blades obliquely ovate, base asymmetric; legume stipitate ......  1. M. ichthyochtona

3b. Leaflets opposite, blades oblong-lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, base symmetric; legume sessile.

4a. Leaflet blades 12--25 cm, secondary veins 11--13 on each side of midvein; seeds thickly lenticular; trees ...............................................................................................................................................  3. M. leptobotrya

4b. Leaflet blades 9--12 cm, secondary veins 9--12 on each side of midvein; seeds reniform; lianas  12. M. entadoides

2b. Leaf rachis and leaflet blades at least abaxially with trichomes.

5a. Leaflet s blades 13--17, abaxially brown sericeous; legume inflated, rough with dense warts; lianas  11. M. pachycarpa

5b. Leaflets blades 7--11(or 13), abaxially yellow tomentose or scarlet strigose on midvein and margins; legume flat, without warts; trees.

6a. Leaflet blades abaxially yellow tomentose; legume sutures both with 2 ca. 1 cm broad woody wings  2. M. tetraptera

6b. Leaflet blades abaxially scarlet strigose on midvein and margins; legume sutures both only thickened .............................................................................................................................................  4. M. erythrocalyx

1b. Petals outside pubescent.

7a. Stipels absent.

8a. Leaflet blades broadly elliptic, membranous, both surfaces pubescent, apex acute; legume flat .........  5. M. pubinervis

8b. Leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate-elliptic to lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely pilose adaxially, apex caudate; legume inflated.

9a. Leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, papery, abaxially brown tomentose, adaxially shiny and sparsely pilose........................................................................................................... 10. M. sapindifolia

9b. Leaflet blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, subleathery, abaxially sparsely strigose and adaxially glabrous .................................................................................................................  6. M. austroyunnanensis

7b. Stipels present.

10a. Leaflets 13--19.

11a. Stipules ca. 8 mm, persistent; branchlets reddish brown tomentose .................................  7. M. cubittii

11b. Stipules 1--3 mm, caducous; branchlets yellow tomentose or grayish yellow pubescent.

12a.. Pseudoracemes 20--25 cm; flowers ca. 1.6 cm; corolla white or lilac; legume tomentose; small trees ...........................................................................................................................................  15. M. velutina

12b. Pseudoracemes 6--15 cm; flowers ca. 0.9--1.2 cm; corolla pale red to scarlet; legume gray pubescent but glabrescent; erect shrubs .......................................................................................  16. M. pulchra

10b. Leaflets 7--13(or 15).

13a. Leaves 15--20 cm; leaflet blades 4--5.5 cm .............................................................................  17. M. oraria

13b. Leaves 25--40 cm; leaflet blades 7--18 cm.

14a. Leaflets 5; stems slender, without lenticels .......................................................  8. M. lantsangensis

14b. Leaflets 7--13; stems thick, with scattered lenticels.

15a. Leaflet blade secondary veins 13--17 on each side of midvein; lianas ........  9. M. pachyloba

15b. Leaflet blade secondary veins 7--10 on each side of midvein.

16a. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrescent; inflorescences longer than subtending leaf; flowers ca. 1.8 cm; trees ....................................................................................  13. M. macrostachya

16b. Leaflet blades abaxially densely brown pubescent especially on veins; inflorescences shorter than subtending leaf; flowers ca. 1 cm; erect shrubs .................  14. M. griffithii

 

1. Millettia ichthyochtona Drake, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 188. 1891.

 

闹鱼鸡血藤 nao yu ji xue teng

 

                Trees, 10--15 m tall. Branchlets flexuose, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous. Buds rounded; scales 6--8, broadly ovate. Leaf rachis 12--17 cm, including petiole 2--3 cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades subalternate, obliquely ovate, 5--8 X 1.5--2.5 cm, papery, base cuneate and asymmetric, apex acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, main axis often repeatedly branched, with white crisped trichomes. Pedicel 1--1.5 cm, slender. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx 5--6 mm; teeth triangular. Corolla white; standard broadly ovate, without basal calluses. Stamen monadelphous. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with 2 ovules. Legume falcate-oblanceolate, 11--14 X 2--3 cm, flat, thinly woody, smooth, stipe ca. 1 cm, apex shortly beaked. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume, pale brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1.3 X 1 cm, flat, shiny; hilum white. Fl. Feb--Apr, fr. all year.

 

                Sandy river banks; 100--800 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam].

 

                Wood pale, nearly white, is used for construction. Seeds are used as a fish poison. The stems or roots are soaked in water and applied to relieve itching.

 

2. Millettia tetraptera Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 69. 1873.

 

四翅鸡血藤 si chi ji xue teng

 

                Trees, 15--26 m tall. Branchlets grayish yellow, rough, yellowish tomentose, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--30 cm, including petiole 2--3 cm, with 7--11(or 13) leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades elliptic-obovate, 8--13 X 2.5--3.5 cm, papery, abaxially yellow tomentose, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse, acute, or retuse. Pseudoracemes axillary at top of branchlets; rachis nodes with clusters of 2--5 flowers. Pedicel ca. 7 mm. Flowers 0.9--1.1 cm. Calyx 2--2.5 mm; teeth shortly triangular. Standard broadly orbicular, basally emarginately thickened. Corolla lilac. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary villous, with 4 ovules. Legume linear to oblong, 15--27 X 3--3.5 cm, flat, stipe ca. 2 cm, base tapering; both sutures with 2 ca. 1 cm broad woody wings perpendicular to them. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume, black, orbicular, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Sep--Jan.

 

                Seasonal rainforests; 700--800 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar].

 

3. Millettia leptobotrya Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 189. 1912.

 

思茅鸡血藤 si mao ji xue teng

 

                Fordia leptobotrys (Dunn) Schot et al.

 

                Trees, 18--25 m tall. Bark gray, rough. Branchlets brown pubescent, brittle, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 20--50 cm, including petiole 5--6 cm, with 7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate, 12--25 X 5--8 cm, papery, secondary veins 11--13 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 35--50 cm, straight, brown pubescent; rachis nodes with 2--5 flowers. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Flowers 1.1--1.3 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Corolla white; standard orbicular, without basal calluses. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sericeous, with 3--5 ovules. Legume linear-oblong, 7--20 X 3.5--4 cm, flat, base obtuse, apex beaked; valves leathery; both sutures obscure. Seeds 1--3 per legume, pale yellow, thickly lenticular, shiny. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct--Jan.

 

                 Woodlands on slopes; 300--1000 m. S Yunnan [Laos, Vietnam].

 

                The taxon reported here is the autonym variety. Another variety, Millettia leptobotrys var. macrocarpa P. K. Lôc, is endemic to Vietnam.

 

4. Millettia erythrocalyx Gagnepain, Not. Syst. (Paris) 2: 356. 1913.

 

红萼鸡血藤 hong e ji xue teng

 

                Trees. Bark gray. Branchlets rusty strigose, glabrescent, spotted lenticels prominent. Leaf rachis ca. 25 cm, including petiole ca. 8 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 3--6 X 1.5--2 cm, papery, abaxially scarlet strigose on midvein and margins, adaxially glabrous and shiny, base narrowly cordate, apex caudate. Pseudoracemes axillary on near apex of branchlets, 6--7 cm, densely dark brown strigose; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 flowers. Pedicel ca. 3 mm. Flowers ca. 9 mm. Calyx dark red, ca. 3 mm, with sparse trichomes; teeth truncate, ciliate. Corolla lilac; standard glabrous, basally with 2 minute calluses, base rotund. Ovary villous, with 4 or 5 ovules. Legume linear-oblong, 9--10 X ca. 2 cm, flat, slightly curved, brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, base tapered; sutures thickened; valves woody, spirally twisted. Seeds 2 or 3 per legume, chestnut brown, lenticular, ca. 1.3 X 1 cm, smooth. Fl. Mar--Jun, fr. all year.

 

                Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 600--700 m. S Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

5. Millettia pubinervis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 68. 1873.

 

薄叶鸡血藤 bao ye ji xue teng

 

                Trees, to 8 m tall. Bark gray, rough. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 20--25 cm, including petiole 8--12 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades broadly elliptic, 6--14 X 3--5 cm, membranous, both surfaces appressed pubescent but adaxially sparsely so, base broadly cuneate, apex acute. Pseudoracemes axillary or supra-axillary, 10--15 cm; rachis nodes with 1 or 2 flowers on a ca. 1 mm spurs; peduncle 4--5 cm. Pedicel filiform, 4--5 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 3 mm, densely brown pubescent. Corolla pale red; standard orbicular, without basal calluses, outside fine wooly, base auriculate. Ovary pubescent, with 2--6 ovules. Legume linear, 9--12 X 1.3--2 cm, flat, yellow tomentose, base rounded, apex abruptly beaked; valves thinly leathery, twisted. Seeds 1--3 per legume, dark brown, oblate when immature but unknown when mature. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Sep.

 

                Thickets at forest margins; 500--800 m. S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

6. Millettia austroyunnanensis Y. Y. Qian, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 183. 1997.

 

滇南鸡血藤 dian nan ji xue teng

 

                Trees, 4--6 m tall. Bark gray, rough. Branchlets pubescent. Leaf rachis 20--40 cm, including petiole 3.5--8 cm, with 7 or 9 leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4--20 X 1.3--5 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely strigose, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 7--11 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex caudate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 4--14 cm; rachis nodes with 1 or 2 flowers. Pedicel 1--2 mm. Flowers 1--1.5 cm. Calyx 5--6 mm, densely yellow pubescent. Corolla white; standard orbicular, without basal calluses or auricles, outside puberulous. Ovary stipitate, villous, with 7--9 ovules. Legume linear, 10--15 X 1.8--2.8 cm, woody, inflated, stipitate, gray tomentose, apex beaked. Seeds 3--5 per legume, narrowly ovoid, 2--2.5 cm. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep--Dec.

 

                * Sparse woodlands; ca. 2000 m. S Yunnan.

 

7. Millettia cubittii Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 188. 1912.

 

红河鸡血藤 hong he ji xue teng

 

                Trees, 8--10 m tall. Branchlets ridged, reddish brown tomentose, with evident leaf traces. Stipules subulate, ca. 8 mm, sturdy and straight, persistent. Leaf rachis 25--35 cm, including petiole 7--9 cm, with 13--17 leaflets; stipels present; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate, 8--11 X 2.2--3 cm, subleathery, both surfaces appressed brown pubescent on midvein, base rounded and asymmetric, apex acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, gathered apically on branchlets, 15--25 cm; rachis nodes laxly arranged, with 2--4 flowers. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers ca. 2.2 cm. Calyx 6--7 mm. Corolla purple; standard orbicular, outside puberulous, base auriculate and with 2 columnar calluses near claw. Ovary densely red villous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear-oblong, 18--22 X 2.5--3 cm, flat, brown tomentose; valves woody. Seeds ca. 5 per legume, mature ones unknown. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jan.

 

                Woodlands by river margins; 300--1000 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar, Vietnam].

 

8. Millettia lantsangensis Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 277. 1985.

 

澜沧鸡血藤 lan cang ji xue teng

 

                Callerya lantsangensis (Z. Wei) H. Sun.

 

                Lianas, 2--4 m. Young branchlets, leaf rachises, and inflorescences yellowish green and appressed retrorse hirsute. Branches soft, ridged longitudinally, without lenticels. Stipules linear, ca. 4 mm, apex acuminate. Leaf rachis 25--35 cm, including petiole 8--13 cm, with 5 leaflets; petiole 8--13 cm; stipels acicular, ca. 4 mm; leaflet blades rhombic-ovate, 8--18 X 3.5--6 cm, papery, abaxially densely hirsute, adaxially pilose on midvein, base broadly cuneate and asymmetric, apex acuminate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 30--50 cm, slender; rachis nodes with 3 or 4 clustered flowers densely gathered at apical part; peduncle 6--10 cm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx ca. 6 X 4 mm, densely hirsute; teeth longer than tube, adaxial pair connate. Corolla pale pink; standard orbicular, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous, base with a short claw. Vexillary stamen free. Ovary shortly stipitate, sericeous, with 10--12 ovules. Legume rhomboid-oblong to clavate, ca. 7 X 3 cm, inflated, brown tomentose, base tapering to short stipe, apex beaked. Seed usually 1 per legume, dark brown, ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 X 2 cm, shiny. Fl. May, fr. Jul.

 

                * Thickets on slopes; 1200--1600 m. SW Yunnan.

 

9. Millettia pachyloba Drake, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 187. 1891.

 

海南鸡血藤 hai nan ji xue teng

 

                Callerya pachyloba (Drake) H. Sun; Derris lasiopetala Hayata; Milletia lasiopetala (Hayata) Merrill; M. obovata Gagnepain; M. pachyloba var. lasiopetala (Hayata) P. K. Lôc.

 

                Lianas, to 20 m. Bark yellow, splitting longitudinally. Branches straight, hollow, densely brown sericeous, glabrescent, sparsely scattered large lenticels. Leaf rachis 25--35 cm, including petiole 6--8 cm, with 9 leaflets; stipels acicular, ca. 3 mm; leaflet blade elliptic-oblong to obovate-oblong, 7--17 X 3--5.5 cm, papery, abaxially yellow sericeous, secondary veins 13--17 on each side of midvein, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse and sometimes emarginate. Pseudoracemes axillary near apex of branchlets, 20--30 cm, brown sericeous; rachis nodes with 3--7 flowers clustered on a 4--5 mm spur. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Flowers 1.2--1.5 cm. Calyx ca. 3 X 4--5 mm, sericeous. Corolla lilac; standard without basal calluses, outside sericeous. Ovary sericeous, with 4--6 ovules. Legume rhomboid-oblong, 5--8 X 3--4 cm, inflated, woody, yellow tomentose, base rounded, apex beaked. Seeds 1--4 per legume, dark brown, ovoid, shiny, 1.8--2 X ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                Evergreen broad-leaved forests in valleys; below 1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan, SW Hunan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

 

                The taxon reported here is the autonym variety. Another variety, Millettia pachyloba var. spireana (Gagnepain) P. K. Lôc, occurs in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.

 

10. Millettia sapindifolia T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 361. 1954.

 

无患子叶鸡血藤 wu huan zi ye ji xue teng

 

                Lianas. Branchlets yellow tomentose. Leaf rachis 25--30 cm, including petiole 3.5--5.5 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 6.5--11 X 2.8--3.5 cm, papery, abaxially brown tomentose, adaxially shiny and sparsely pilose, secondary veins 9--12 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, apex caudate. Pseudoracemes axillary near apex of branchlets, 15--27 cm, yellow tomentose; rachis nodes with 3--5 flowers clustered on a 2--3 mm spur. Pedicel 2--3 mm. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm. Corolla white; standard obovate, outside brown sericeous, apex emarginate. Vexillary stamen free. Ovary shortly stipitate, sericeous, with 3 or 4 ovules. Legume (immature) oblong, inflated, densely yellow villous, base tapering to stipe, apex beaked. Mature seeds unknown. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

 

                * Thickets on slopes; 1100--1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou.

 

11. Millettia pachycarpa Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 250. 1852.

 

厚果鸡血藤 hou guo ji xue teng

 

                Millettia dunnii Merrill; M. fooningensis Hu; M. taiwaniana (Hayata) Hayata; Pongamia taiwaniana Hayata; Whitfordiodendron taiwaniana (Hayata) Ohwi.

 

                Lianas, to 15 m. Branchlets brown, blackened hollow, yellow tomentose when young, glabrescent, scattered with brown lenticels. Leaf rachis 30--50 cm, including petiole 7--9 cm, with 13--17 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 10--18 X 3.5--4.5 cm, papery, abaxially brown appressed sericeous, adaxially flat and glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute. Pseudoracemes with 2--6 branches beneath new stems, 15--30 cm, brown tomentose; rachis nodes with 2--5 flowers clustered on a 1--3 mm spur. Pedicel 6--8 mm. Flowers 2.1--2.3 cm. Calyx ca. 6 mm. Corolla lilac; standard obovate, glabrous or ciliate on apical margin, without basal calluses. Ovary tomentose, with 5--7 ovules. Legume dark brown, oblong or when 1-seeded ovoid, 5--25 X ca. 4 cm, inflated, densely covered with pale yellow warts, glabrescent; valves thick, woody. Seeds 1--5 per legume, dark brown, reniform, 2.5--3.5 X ca. 2 cm. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Nov. 2n = 22.

 

                Evergreen broad-leaved forests in valleys; 100--2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SW Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

                Seeds and roots are ground to a powder used for insecticide. Bark fiber are used for rough ropes.

 

12. Millettia entadoides Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 278. 1985.

 

榼藤子鸡血藤 ke teng zi ji xue teng

 

                Lianas. Branchlets yellow, trailed, glabrous, with dense prominent tiny lenticels. Leaf rachis 20--30 cm, including petiole 8--10 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; leaflet blades oblanceolate to oblong, 9--12 X 2--3 cm, papery, glabrous, secondary veins 9--12 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, apex caudate. Pseudoracemes axillary or cauliflorous, 12--15 cm, glabrescent; rachis nodes with 2 or 3 clustered flowers. Pedicel ca. 5 mm. Calyx ca. 4 X 5 mm; teeth obscure. Corolla unknown. Legume yellow, linear-oblong, ca. 20 X 4 cm, inflated, woody, glabrous, contracted between seeds, both ends rounded; sutures thicken. Seeds 2--4 per legume, dark brown, reniform, ca. 3 X 2.6 cm. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug--Nov.

 

                * Thickets on slope of uplands; 1500--2600 m. SW Yunnan.

 

13. Millettia macrostachya Collett & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 41. 1890.

 

大穗鸡血藤 da sui ji xue teng

 

                Millettia macrostachya var. multifoliolata Y. Y. Qian.

 

                Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark brown, ridged, glabrous, scattered with fine lenticels. Leaf rachis 30--40 cm, including petiole 8--9 cm, with 7--11(or 13) leaflets; stipels present; leaflet blades broadly oblong to obovate-elliptic, 8--16 X 4--8 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrescent, secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate and slight asymmetric, apex acute. Pseudoracemes axillary, 35--50 cm, longer than subtending leaf, thick, straight, slightly puberulous; rachis nodes ± whorled with 3--7 flowers clustered on a 2--4 mm spur. Pedicel 4--5 mm, brown puberulous. Flowers ca. 1.8 cm. Calyx ca. 7 mm. Corolla pale red to lilac; standard orbicular, without basal calluses, outside puberulous, base auriculate, apex purple striped. Ovary with trichomes, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 8--22 X ca. 1.5 cm, leathery, apex beaked; suture thickened. Seeds 5--8 per legume, olive green, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 X 8 mm. Fl. Mar, fr. Jun--Aug.

 

                Thickets on slopes; 800--900 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar].

 

                Occasionally cultivated in courtyards.

 

14. Millettia griffithii Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 146. 1912.

 

孟连鸡血藤 meng lian ji xue teng

 

                Shrubs, erect. Branchlets grayish brown, yellow pubescent when young, glabrescent, scattered with lenticels. Leaf rachis 25--40 cm, including petiole 4--8 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; stipels present; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate, 7--16 X 4--5 cm, papery, abaxially densely brown pubescent especially on veins, adaxially glabrescent, secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex acute. Pseudoracemes axillary, gathered apically on branchlets, ca 20 cm, shorter than subtending leaf; rachis nodes sparse, with 1--3 flowers clustered on a short spur. Pedicel 1.5--2 mm, fine puberulous. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Corolla pale pink; standard orbicular, outside apically puberulous. Ovary stipitate, with trichomes, with 3 ovules. Legume linear, 9--10 X ca. 1.5 cm, flat, appressed cream-colored pubescent, apex rounded and with a short beak; valves thinly leathery, twisted; suture conspicuously thicken. Seeds ca. 3 per legume, oblate when immature, unknown when mature. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Aug--Nov.

 

                Sparse woods on slopes, near villages; ca. 1100 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar].

 

15. Millettia velutina Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 149. 1912.

 

絨毛鸡血藤 rong mao ji xue teng

 

                Millettia yunnanensis Pampanini var. robusta Pampanini.

 

                Trees, 8--15 m tall. Bark grayish brown, rough. Branchlets yellow tomentose, gradually glabrescent, scattered with minute prominent lenticels. Leaf rachis 25--30 cm, including petiole 5--7 cm, with 15--19 leaflets; stipels ca. 1.5 mm, caducous; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to oblong, 4--9 X 1.5--2.5 cm, papery, abaxially yellow velutinous especially on veins, adaxially finely appressed pubescent, secondary veins 7 on each side of midvein, base obtuse to broadly cuneate, apex acute. Pseudoracemes axillary, 20--25 cm, shorter than subtending leaf; rachis nodes with 4 or 5 flowers clustered on a short decumbent spur; peduncle 3.5--8 cm, yellow tomentose. Pedicel 4--5 mm. Flowers 1.3--1.6 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm; teeth longer than tube, cuspidate. Corolla white or lilac; standard broadly orbicular, outside apically sparsely puberulous. Ovary densely sericeous, with 6 or 7 ovules. Legume linear, 9--14 X 1.3--1.6 cm, flat, thinly leathery, brown tomentose, apex truncate and with a beak; suture prominent. Seeds 3--5 per legume, chestnut brown, oblong, ca. 12 X 8 mm, compressed. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                * Thickets and woods in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500--1900 m. N Guangdong, N Guangxi, S Guizhou, S Hunan, SW Sichuan, Yunnan.

 

16. Millettia pulchra (Bentham) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 69. 1873.

 

印度鸡血藤 yin du ji xue teng

 

                Shrubs or trees, 3--8 m tall. Branchlets and inflorescences grayish yellow pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 8--20 cm, including petiole 3--4 cm, with 13--19 leaflets; stipels acicular, 1--3 mm, caducous; petiolules ca. 2 mm, with trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 2--10 X 0.7--4 cm, papery to stiffly papery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, base attenuate, cuneate, or subcordate and symmetric or slightly asymmetric, apex acute to attenuate. Pseudoracemes axillary, 6--15 cm; rachis nodes with 3 or 4 clustered flowers. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Flowers 0.9--1.2 cm. Calyx ca. 4 mm; teeth triangular, shorter than tube. Corolla pale red to scarlet; standard oblong, distally outside somewhat pubescent, apex retuse. Ovary pubescent, with 5 ovules. Legume linear, 5--10 X 1--1.5 cm, flat, gray pubescent but glabrescent; valves subleathery. Seeds 2--4 per legume, brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Jun--Oct.

 

                Open place of lowland woods, thickets on river banks, grassland, sparse woods, mixed woods, woodland margins, thickets on dry slopes; near sea level to 1700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam].

 

1a. Leaflet blades adaxially glabrous but pilose on midvein and margins when young.

2a. Leaflet blades ovate, 1.2--1.8 cm, base subcordate and asymmetric ..........................................  16f. var. parvifolia

2b. Leaflet blades elliptic, 2--6 cm, base cuneate-rounded and symmetric ................................  16g. var. microphylla

1b. Leaflet blades adaxially pubescent or villous.

3a. Leaflet blades 2--3.5(--6) cm.

4a. Leaflet blades lanceolate, midvein adaxially raised, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein  16a. var. pulchra

4b. Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, midvein adaxially sunken, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein .....................................................................................................................................................  16c. var. chinensis

3b. Leaflet blades 3.5--10 cm.

5a. Leaflet blades oblong, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, base conspicuously asymmetric  16e. var. yunnanensis

5b. Leaflet blades lanceolate-elliptic, apex acuminate, secondary veins 7--10 on each side of midvein, base symmetric or only slightly asymmetric.

6a. Leaflet blades abaxially appressed pilose ............................................................................  16b. var. laxior

6b. Leaflet blades abaxially gray tomentose ......................................................................  16d. var. tomentosa

 

16a. Millettia pulchra var. pulchra

 

印度鸡血藤(原变种) yin du ji xue teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Mundulea pulchra Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 248. 1852; Tephrosia tutcheri Dunn.

 

                Leaves and inflorescences gathered near apex of branchlets. Leaflet blades lanceolate, 2--3.5(--6) X 0.7--1.5 cm, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially sparsely puberulous, midvein abaxially raised, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein, base attenuate to cuneate, apex acuminate.

 

                Open place of lowland woods; near sea level to 1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar].

 

16b. Millettia pulchra var. laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 280. 1985.

 

疏叶鸡血藤 shu ye ji xue teng

 

                Millettia pulchra f. laxior Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 151. 1912.

 

                Leaves and inflorescences scattered on branches rather than near apex of branchlets. Leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, 3.5--10 X 1.5--4 cm, abaxially pale green and finely appressed pilose, adaxially pubescent, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, base symmetric or only slightly asymmetric, apex acute.

 

                Thickets on river banks; 200--1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [India].

 

16c. Millettia pulchra var. chinensis Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 152. 1912.

 

华南小叶鸡血藤 hua nan xiao ye ji xue teng

 

                Millettia chenkangensis Hu.

 

                Leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 2--3.5(--6) cm, adaxially pubescent but glabrescent, midvein adaxially sunken, secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side of midvein and curved towards apex, both ends acute both but sometimes apex retuse, margins slightly revolute. Calyx teeth cuspidate.

 

                * Grassland, sparse woods; 800--1500 m. Guangxi, Yunnan.

 

16d. Millettia pulchra var. tomentosa Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 358. 1897.

 

絨叶印度鸡血藤 rong ye yin du ji xue teng

 

                Leaflet blades 3.5--10 cm, abaxially gray tomentose, adaxially villous but become sparsely so with age, base symmetric or only slightly asymmetric. Calyx with dense trichomes.

 

                Thickets on dry slopes; 100--800 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [India, Myanmar].

 

16e. Millettia pulchra var. yunnanensis (Pampanini) Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 152. 1912.

 

云南鸡血藤 yun nan ji xue teng

 

                Millettia yunnanensis Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 17: 26. 1910.

 

                Leaflet blades oblong, 3.5--10 cm, adaxially pubescent, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein, adaxially sunken, and densely yellow villous, base conspicuously asymmetric, apex acute.

 

                Thickets, sparse woods; 500--1200 m. Yunnan [Myanmar].

 

16f. Millettia pulchra var. parvifolia Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 281. 1985.

 

景东小叶鸡血藤 jing dong xiao ye ji xue teng

 

                Leaflet blades ovate, 1.2--1.8 cm, adaxially glabrous but pilose on midvein and margin when young, base subcordate and asymmetric.

 

                * Thickets, woodland margins; ca. 1700 m. S Yunnan.

 

16g. Millettia pulchra var. microphylla Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 512. 1912.

 

台湾小叶鸡血 tai wan xiao ye ji xue

 

                Leaflet blades elliptic, 2--6 cm, abaxially gray villous especially on margins, secondary veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein but obscure, base cuneate-rounded and symmetric. 2n = 22.

 

                * Thicket margins; below 200 m. S Taiwan.

 

17. Millettia oraria (Hance) Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 149. 1912.

 

香港鸡血藤 xiang gang ji xue teng

 

                Tephrosia oraria Hance, J. Bot. 24: 17. 1886.

 

                Shrubs or trees, to 5 m tall, erect. Bark smooth, dark gray. Branchlets ridged, tomentose, with scattered prominent lenticels. Stipules lanceolate, 2--3 mm. Leaf rachis 15--20 cm, including yellow tomentose petiole 3.5--4.5 cm, with (7 or)9--13(or 15) leaflets; stipels present; leaflet blades broadly ovate to elliptic, 4--5.5 X 2--3 cm, papery, abaxially tomentose, adaxially densely pubescent, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein and reaching to margins, base rounded to subcordate, apex rounded. Pseudoracemes axillary, gathered near apex of branchlets, shorter than subtending leaf, yellow tomentose. Flowers 8--11 mm. Calyx ca. 3 mm. Corolla purple; standard suborbicular, outside puberulous. Ovary sericeous, with 2--4 ovules. Legume linear, 5--9 X 1--1.5 cm, flat, brown tomentose, somewhat glabrescent. Seeds 2 or 3 per legume, orange, oblate, ca. 7 mm. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Nov--Dec.

 

                * Thickets; 300--800 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi.

 

9. CALLERYA Endlicher, Gen. Pl., Suppl. 3: 104. 1843.

 

崖豆藤属 ya dou teng shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Adinobotrys Dunn; Padbruggea Miquel; Whitfordiodendron Elmer.

 

                Lianas, scandent shrubs, or rarely trees. Stipules glabrous, mostly deciduous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels narrowly triangular, persistent or deciduous; leaflets (sub)opposite. Flowers neither paired nor clustered, in axillary or terminal racemes, sometimes forming axillary or terminal panicles; bracts shorter or longer than corresponding flower, usually deciduous; bracteoles on calyx or rarely on distal part of pedicel, persistent or not. Calyx usually truncate with short teeth. Corolla standard glabrous to densely sericeous outside, Chinese taxa without basal calluses, basally reflexed; wings and keel petals about equally long; wings often partially adnate to keel. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary filament free from other 9. Ovary sometimes stipitate. Legume indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, thin to thickly woody, flat or inflated; sutures not winged, sometimes thickened. Seeds 1--9 per legume, roundish; radicle folded.

 

                About 30 species: S and SE Asia, Australia, New Guinea; 18 species (10 endemic) in China.

 

1a. Standard outside glabrous.

2a. Calyx densely sericeous, hirsute or tomentose; ovary sericeous or tomentose.

3a. Leaflets blades 7, 4--8 X 1-2 cm, apex acuminate to caudate; flowers ca. 1.8 cm; corolla yellow  3. C. fordii

3b. Leaflet blades 7--13, 4--13 X 1--4 cm, apex acute; flowers ca. 2.5--3.5 cm; corolla white, creamy, pale pink or lilac.

4a. Leaflet blades shiny, glabrous on adaxial surface, rusty pubescent, glabrescent on abaxial; ovules numerous; standard with 2 basal calluses ...........................................................................  1. C. speciosa

4b. Leaflet blades villose on both surfaces; ovules 4--6; standard without basal calluses  2. C. bonatiana

2b. Calyx sparsely pubescent; ovary glabrous.

5a. Stipules inserted at tip of persistent gibbosity on stem.

6a. Calyx pubescent; legume carmine when dry, oblong, 10--11 cm, convex, suture thickened; panicles ca. 30 cm ...........................................................................................................................................  4. C. eurybotrya

6b. Calyx glabrescent; legume blackened when dry, linear, ca. 15 cm, flat, suture not thickened; panicles 10--20 cm ........................................................................................................................................  5. C. reticulata

5b. Stipules not inserted at tip of persistent gibbosity on stem.

7a. Panicle terminal, branchlets ascending; corolla yellowish white with a pink halo; leaf blade glabrous and shiny, abaxially pale green when dry, secondary and tertiary veins distinct and raised on both surfaces, apex acuminate to caudate .................................................................................................  6. C. championii

7b. Racemes axillary, pendulous; corolla white or purple; leaf blade flat and rough, abaxially dull grayish green when dry, secondary and tertiary veins indistinct, apex acute .......................  7. C. kiangsiensis

1b. Standard outside densely sericeous.

8a. Leaflet blades 3(or 5).

9a. Stipels absent; leaflet blades subleathery ...............................................................................................  8. C. tsui

9b. Stipels present; leaflet blades papery ...............................................................................  13. C. sphaerosperma

8b. Leaflet blades 5 or 7 (3 or 5 in C. dorwardii).

10a. Legume flat, not distinctly contracted between seeds; seeds lenticular.

11a. Panicles straight, branchlets contiguous, flowers closely arranged.

12a.. Corolla violet to purple; legume stipitate, brown tomentose; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate or oblong, subleathery; stipels subulate, ca. 2 mm ............................................................  16. C. nitida

12b. Corolla white or pale pink; legume sessile, gray hirsute; stipels filiform, 5--6 mm  17. C. congestiflora

11b. Panicles spread, branchlets slender, flowers laxly arranged.

13a. Leaflets blades (5 or)7, apex caudate; panicles long pedunculate ........  15. C. longipedunculata

13b. Leaflets blades 5, apex acute; panicles subsessile ..................................................  18. C. dielsiana

10b. Legume inflated, usually distinctly contracted between seeds; seeds globose or reniform.

14a. Branchlets, leaf rachises, and leaflet blades abaxially with dense trichomes, not glabrescent; legume densely brown tomentose.

15a. Leaflet blades 4--8 cm wide, abaxially brown velutinous; legume 2--2.5 cm wide  9. C. oosperma

15b. Leaflet blades 1.8--3 cm wide, abaxially rusty tomentose; legume ca. 1.5 cm wide  14. C. sericosema

14b. Branchlets, leaf rachises, and leaflet blades abaxially with sparse trichomes or glabrescent; legume gray pubescent, yellow tomentose, or gray tomentose.

16a. Panicles compact, branchlets congested; legume not contract between seeds ..............................

.................................................................................................................................................  12. C. dorwardii

16b. Panicles lax, branchlets spread out; legume contracted between seeds.

17a. Floriferous branchlets slender; leaflet blades obovate; petiolules ca. 4 mm; stipels ca. 4 mm .....................................................................................................................................  10. C. cinerea

17b. Floriferous branchlets straight; leaflet blades oblong; petiolules 2--3 mm; stipels ca. 1 mm 11. C. gentiliana

 

1. Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot, Blumea 39: 32. 1994.

 

美丽崖豆藤 mei li ya dou teng

 

Millettia speciosa Champion ex Bentham, J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 73. 1852.

 

                Lianas, 1--3 m. Bark brown. Branchlets brown tomentose, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--25 cm, including petiole 3--4 cm, with 13 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4--8 X 2--3 cm, papery, abaxially rusty pubescent, glabrescent, and reddish brown when dry, adaxially glabrous and shiny but glaucous when dry, base rounded, margins slightly revolute, apex acute and with a short tip. Racemes axillary, usually congested near apex of branchlets to form large panicles, ca. 30 cm, brown tomentose. Pedicel and calyx tomentose. Flowers 2.5--3.5 cm, fragrant. Pedicel and calyx tomentose. Corolla white, creamy, or pale pink; standard orbicular, glabrous, with 2 basal calluses. Ovary tomentose, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 10--15 X 1--2 cm, flat, brown tomentose, base tapering to a short stipe, apex beaked; valves woody. Seeds 4--6 per legume, black, ovoid ca. 10 X 8 mm. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Aug--Oct.

 

                Open places, sparse woodlands; 200--1700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

 

                Roots are rich starch and used to make a tonic wine.

 

 

2. Callerya bonatiana (Pampanini) P. K. Lôc, Bot. Zhurn. 81(10): 99. 1996.

 

滇桂崖豆藤 dian gui ya dou teng

 

                Millettia bonatiana Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 17: 24. 1910.

 

                Lianas, to 10 m. Branchlets ridged, densely yellow pubescent, gradually glabrescent. Leaf rachis 25--30 cm, including petiole 2--3 cm, with 11 or 13 leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, 6--10 X 3--4 cm, papery, both surfaces villous but abaxially especially dense, secondary veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein, base rounded to subcordate, apex acute. Pseudoracemes axillary, 8--12 cm, yellow pubescent. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm. Calyx ca. 1.2 cm, densely sericeous. Corolla lilac; standard oblong, without a basal callus, outside densely yellow sericeous, apex retuse. Ovary stipitate, sericeous, with 4--6 ovules. Legume linear-oblong, 10--11 X ca. 1.8 cm, leathery, with a ca. 1 cm stipe, grayish brown tomentose. Seeds ca. 4 per legume, brown, oblate, ca. 1.1 cm. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jun--Oct.

 

                 Thickets in valleys; ca. 1000 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Laos].

 

                Plants are poisonous but used in small amounts medicinally.

 

                Although P. K. Lôc made the necessary transfer to Callerya, a note by the same author in Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Viętnam (30: 43. 2001) suggests that the author saw only one incomplete specimen from that Flora region and that more material in flower and fruit would be required to confirm its identity.

 

3. Callerya fordii (Dunn) Schot, Blumea 39: 23. 1994.

 

广东崖豆藤 guang dong ya dou teng

 

Millettia fordii Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 156. 1912.

 

                Lianas, 1--2 m. Stems dark brown, terete slender, soft. Branchlets yellow pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 10--20 cm, including petiole 2--4 cm, with 7 leaflets; leaflet blades linear-lanceolate, 4--8 X 1--2 cm with terminal one largest, papery, both surfaces slightly shiny and dark blackened when dry, base rounded to cordate, apex acuminate to caudate. Racemes axillary, 5--7 cm, shorter than subtending leaf, yellow tomentose. Flowers ca. 1.8 cm. Calyx ca. 8 mm, hirsute. Corolla yellow; standard broadly ovate, glabrous, with 2 basal calluses. Ovary stipitate, tomentose, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 10--12 X ca. 1 cm, flat, brown tomentose, apex cuspidate. Seeds 4--8 per legume, brown, ovoid, ca. 7 X 6 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun--Oct, fr. Oct--Jan.

 

                 Sparse woods on slopes; ca. 500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi [Vietnam].

 

4. Callerya eurybotrya (Drake) Schot, Blumea 39: 22. 1994.

 

宽序崖豆藤 kuan xu ya dou teng

 

Millettia eurybotrya Drake, J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 187. 1891.

 

                Shrubs, scandent, 4--10 m. Bark smooth. Branchlets pale yellow, ridged, appressed pubescent, glabrescent, with scattered obscurely lenticels. Leaf rachis 20--25(--40) cm, including petiole (3--)5--6(--7) cm, with (5 or)7 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 6--16 X 2.5--8 cm, papery, both surfaces dark green and glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute. Panicles terminal, ca. 30 cm; flowering branchlets 8--10 cm, spreading, yellowish brown tomentose. Flowers 1.4--1.5 cm. Calyx pubescent. Corolla purple, with yellow green spots in center; standard orbicular, without basal calluses, base tapering into a claw. Ovary glabrous, with numerous ovules. Legume carmine when dry, oblong, 10--11 X 2--3 cm, inflated, woody, contracted between seeds; suture thicken. Seeds 2--7 per legume, brown, ellipsoid, ca. 2 cm; hilum white. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Sep--Nov.

 

                Thickets in valleys or ravines; 100--1200 m. N Guangdong, NW Guangxi, S Guizhou, S Hunan, S Yunnan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

                Plants are poisonous and also used medicinally.

 

5. Callerya reticulata (Bentham) Schot, Blumea: 39: 29. 1994.

 

网络崖豆藤 wang luo ya dou teng

 

                Lianas, 2--10 m. Stems thick, many branched, thinly ridged, brown pubescent, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 10--20 cm, including petiole 2--5 cm, with (5 or)7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, oblong, linear, or narrowly lanceolate, (3--)5--6(--8) X (0.5--)1.5--4 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or rarely sparsely puberulous, base rounded, tapering, or cuneate, apex obtuse, acuminate, or retuse. Panicles terminal or axillary near apex of branchlets, 10--20 cm, often pendulous, brown pubescent; flowering branchlets densely congested. Pedicel 3--5 mm. Flowers 1.3--1.7 mm. Calyx 3--4 X ca. 5 mm, glabrescent; teeth short, margin yellow ciliated. Corolla purple; standard ovate-oblong, glabrous, without basal calluses, base shortly clawed. Ovary glabrous, with numerous ovules. Legume blackened when dry, linear, ca. 15 X 1--1.5 cm, flat, thinly leathery; suture not thickened. Seeds 3--6 per legume, black, oblong ca. 11 X 7 mm. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Jun--Nov.

 

                Thickets on slopes or in valleys, thickets by streams; 100--1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N Vietnam].

 

1a. Leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to oblong, 1.5--4 cm wide, base rounded ................................................ 5a. var. reticulata

1b. Leaflet blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5--1.2 cm wide, base tapering to cuneate ............  5b. var. stenophylla

 

5a. Callerya reticulata var. reticulata

 

网络崖豆藤(原变种) wang luo ya dou teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Millettia reticulata Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 249. 1852; M. cognata Hance.

 

                Leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to oblong, 5--6(--8) X 1.5--4 cm, base rounded. 2n = 48.

 

                Thickets on slope or in valleys; 100--1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N Vietnam].

 

5b. Callerya reticulata var. stenophylla (Merrill & Chun) X. Y. Zhu in Z. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 455. 2007.

 

线叶崖豆藤 xian ye ya dou teng

 

Millettia reticulata var. stenophylla Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 83. 1940.

 

                Leaflet blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, (3--)3.5--5 X 0.5--1.2 cm, base tapering to cuneate.

 

                * Thicket by streams; 200--1200 m. Hainan.

 

6. Callerya championii (Bentham) X. Y. Zhu in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 450. 2007.

 

绿花崖豆藤 lu hua ya dou teng

 

Millettia championii Bentham, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 74. 1852; Callerya reticulata (Bentham) Schot var. championii (Bentham) H. Sun.

 

                Lianas, to 2 m, glabrous except inflorescences. Stems reddish brown, with scattered lenticels. Leaf rachis 10--20 cm, including petiole 3--5 cm, with 5(or 7) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to ovate-oblong, (3--)4--6 X 1.5--2(--3) cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous and shiny, pale green when dry, secondary and tertiary veins distinct and raised on both surfaces, base rounded, apex acuminate to caudate. Panicles terminal, 15--20 cm; flowering branchlets 6--8 cm, ascending, straight and solid, nodes congested. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm. Corolla yellowish white with a pink halo; standard orbicular, glabrous, without basal calluses. Ovary glabrous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 6--12 X 0.5--1.2 cm, flat; valves thin. Seeds 2 or 3 per legume, lenticular when immature. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                * Thickets by ravines of rocky valleys; 200--800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi.

 

                Stems and roots are poisonous but also used medicinally.

 

                Although P. K. Lôc made the combination “Callerya championii” in Bot. Zhurn. 81(10): 97. 1996, it was invalid because he did not cite the complete basionym citation.

 

7. Callerya kiangsiensis (Z. Wei) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

江西崖豆藤 jiang xi ya dou teng

 

Millettia kiangsiensis Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 283. 1985; M. kiangsiensis f. purpurea Z. H. Cheng.

 

                Lianas. Stems reddish brown, terete, slender, with dense minute lenticels. Leaf rachis 6--18 cm, including petiole 2--3 cm, with 7 or 9 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate, (1.5--)3--5(--6) X 1--2.5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially dull grayish green when dry, adaxially dark green, secondary and tertiary veins indistinct, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes axillary, 8--12 cm, as long as subtending leaf, puberulous. Flowers 1.2--1.5 cm. Corolla white or purple, apically slightly roseate at margin; standard oblong, glabrous, without basal calluses. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, ca. 10 X 1.2 cm, flat, straight, base tapering to a 3 mm stipe, apex with a short hooked beak. Seeds 5--9 per legume, black, lenticular, ca. 7 X 5 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Sep--Oct.

 

                * Sparse thickets, thickets on slopes; 200--600 m. S Anhui, N Fujian, SE Hubei, E Hunan, Jiangxi, W Zhejiang.

 

8. Callerya tsui (F. P. Metcalf) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

喙果崖豆藤 hui guo ya dou teng

 

Millettia tsui F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 19: 554. 1940.

 

                Lianas, 3--10 m. Stems dark brown, terete, straight, fine ridged, brown tomentose, glabrescent, without lenticels. Leaf rachis 12--28 cm, including petiole 5--8 cm, with 3(or 5) leaflets; stipels absent; leaflet blades broadly elliptic to elliptic, (6--)10--18 X 5--8 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous and shiny, reticulate veins prominent, base obtuse to broadly cuneate, apex rounded and with a cusp. Panicles terminal, 15--30 cm; flowering branchlets spreading, often leafy at base, brown tomentose, nodes congested. Flowers 1.5--2.5 cm. Corolla pale yellow flushed with red or lilac; standard oblong, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous. Ovary stipitate, sericeous, with 4--7 ovules. Legume ellipsoid when 1-seeded and ca. 5.5 X 4 cm, linear-oblong when 2- or 3-seeded and ca. 7 X 3 cm, inflated but contracted between seeds, brown tomentose but generally glabrescent, base tapering to 5 mm stipe, apex with a hard hooked beak. Seeds 1--3 per legume, dark brown, subglobose to oblately spheroid, 2--2.5 X 1--2.5 cm. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Oct--Dec.

 

                * Thickets, woodlands in valleys; 200--1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan, S Yunnan.

 

                Stem and root used medicinally. Bast fibers rather tough and used for rope. Seeds edible after stewing.

 

9. Callerya oosperma (Dunn) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

皱果崖豆藤 zhou guo ya dou teng

 

Millettia oosperma Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 157. 1912.

 

                Lianas, to 20 m. Stem brown, terete, strong and ridged, brown tomentose, generally glabrescent. Leaf rachis 20--40 cm, including petiole 6--11 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 8--20 X 4--8 cm with basal pair usually smallest, papery, abaxially densely brown velutinous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely villous, base cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to sometimes retuse. Panicles terminal, 10--20 cm, brown tomentose; flowering branchlets spreading. Flowers 1.5--2 cm. Corolla scarlet; standard broadly ovate, with 2 basal calluses and also auriculate, outside densely sericeous. Ovary densely sericeous, with 5 or 6 ovules. Legume ovoid when 1-seeded, cylindrical when several-seeded, 6--13 X 2--2.5 cm, inflated but contracted between seeds, brown tomentose, tardily dehiscent, apex beaked. Seeds (1 or)2--4 per legume, tawny, ovoid, 2--3 cm in diam. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Aug--Nov.

 

                Sparse woods in valleys; 200--1700 m. SW Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, SW Hunan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

 

                Seeds are poisonous and used as an insecticide.

 

10. Callerya cinerea (Bentham) Schot, Blumea 39: 17. 1994.

 

灰毛崖豆藤 hui mao ya dou teng

 

Millettia cinerea Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 249. 1852.

 

                Shrubs, scandent, to 6 m. Stems terete, rough, ridged, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--25 cm, including petiole 3--4 cm, with 5 leaflets; stipels ca. 4 mm; petiolules ca. 4 mm; leaflet blades obovate-elliptic, basal pair ca. 5.5 X 3 cm, lateral pair and terminal one ca. 15 X 7 cm with laterals rather smaller than terminal, papery, abaxially sparsely hirsute and particularly evident on veins, adaxially glabrous except midvein, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or rarely subcordate, apex acute. Panicle terminal, 10--15 cm; flowering branchlets spreading to 6 cm, with dense appressed trichomes. Flowers 1.2--1.6 cm. Corolla red to mauve; standard ovate, outside rusty sericeous, basally emarginately thickened. Ovary shortly stipitate, tomentose, with 5--7 ovules. Legume linear-oblong, ca. 13 X 2 cm, inflated but contracted between seeds, densely gray pubescent, contracted between seeds. Seeds 1--4 per legume, dark violet, ellipsoid, 1.4--1.8 cm. Fl. Feb--Jul, fr. Aug--Nov.

 

                Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests by ravines; 500--1200 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].

 

11. Callerya gentiliana (H. Léveillé) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

黔滇崖豆藤 qian dian ya dou teng

 

Millettia gentiliana H. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 239. 1914--1915.

 

                Lianas, 1.5--3 m. Stems grayish brown, rough, gray puberulous, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 12--18 cm, including petiole 3--5 cm, with 5 leaflets; stipels ca. 1 mm; petiolules 2--3 mm; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, lateral pairs 6--8(--10) X 2--3(--4) cm, terminal one ca. 18 X 8 cm, papery, with sparse trichomes or glabrescent, base cuneate to subcordate, apex acute to obtuse. Panicles terminal, 8--15 cm; flowering branchlets spreading, straight, brown tomentose. Flowers 1.5--2 cm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous. Ovary velutinous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 8--15 X 1.5--2 cm, inflated, shortly stipitate, yellow tomentose, contracted between seeds, apex with a curved beak. Seeds 5 or 6 per legume, dark brown, ovoid, ca. 2 X 1.5 cm; hilum in middle. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Oct--Nov.

 

                * Sparse woods of mountains, especially in limestone valleys; 1200--2500 m. Guizhou, S Sichuan, Yunnan.

 

12. Callerya dorwardii (Collett & Hemsley) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

滇緬崖豆藤 dian mian ya dou teng

 

Millettia dorwardii Collett & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28: 40. 1890; M. shunningensis Hu.

 

                Lianas, to 6 m. Stems brown, rough, without lenticels. Branchlets yellowish white pubescent, generally glabrescent. Leaf rachis 12--25(--35) cm, including petiole (4--)6--7(--9) cm, with 3 or 5 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly ovate to elliptic, 8--15(--22) X 3.5--6(--10) cm with basal pair usually smallest, papery, abaxially with yellow or white scattered trichomes but glabrescent when mature, adaxially glabrous or with sparse trichomes on veins, base cuneate, rounded, or rarely cordate, apex acute. Panicles axillary, strong, 12--18 cm, densely pubescent; flowering branchlets short. Flowers 1.8--2.3 cm. Corolla lilac to mauve; standard orbicular, with 2 basal calluses, outside densely sericeous, base shortly clawed. Ovary tomentose, with 5 ovules. Legume oblong, ca. 9 X 3 cm, inflated, yellow tomentose, apex beaked. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume, pale brown, broadly ovoid, ca, 2.5 X 2 cm. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Sep--Oct.

 

                Thickets on slopes; 800--1900 m. Guizhou, Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].

 

13. Callerya sphaerosperma (Z. Wei) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

球子崖豆藤 qiu zi ya dou teng

 

Millettia sphaerosperma Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 285. 1985.

 

                Shrubs, scandent. Bark pale yellow. Stems puberulous when young, glabrescent, sparsely scattered with minute lenticels, basally brown and peeled off. Leaf rachis 15--25 cm, including petiole 4--6 cm, with 3 leaflets; stipels ca. 2 mm; leaflet blades elliptic-lanceolate, lateral ones 9--12 X 3.5--5 cm, terminal one 11--18 X 6--9 cm, papery, abaxially straw green with prominent veins, adaxially dark green and flat. Panicle terminal 12--15 cm; flowering branchlets spreading, puberulous. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm. Corolla red to purple; standard oblong, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous. Ovary sericeous, with 6--8 ovules. Legume globoid, 5--6.5 X ca. 3 cm, leathery, brown tomentose, apex beaked; suture evident. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume, dark brown, broadly ovoid. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Oct--Nov.

 

                * Shady ravines; ca. 1000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou.

 

14. Callerya sericosema (Hance) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

銹毛崖豆藤 xiu mao ya dou teng

 

Millettia sericosema Hance, J. Bot. 20: 259. 1882; M. bodinieri H. Léveillé.

 

                Shrubs, scandent, 1.5--2 m. Branchlets brown, terete, rusty tomentose, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 13--18 cm; including petiole 3--6 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly lanceolate, 6--10 X 1.8--3 cm with basal pair smallest, papery, abaxially rusty tomentose, adaxially appressed pubescent and rather densely so on midvein and margin, base obtuse, apex acute to acuminate. Panicles terminal, 8--10 cm; flowering branchlets straight, rusty tomentose, nodes congested. Flowers ca. 1.7 cm. Corolla lilac to pale pink; standard ovate, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous. Ovary yellow tomentose, with 5 or 6 ovules. Legume linear, 4--10 X ca. 1.5 cm, inflated, brown tomentose, apex beaked. Seeds 1--4 per legume, brown, ovoid to oblate. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug--Oct.

 

                * Open place or sparse thickets in river valleys; 500--1300 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, NE Yunnan.

 

15. Callerya longipedunculata (Z. Wei) X. Y. Zhu in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 453. 2007

 

长梗崖豆藤 chang geng ya dou teng

 

Millettia longipedunculata Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 287. 1985.

 

                Lianas. Branchlets brown, smooth and slender, yellow tomentose, glabrescent, without lenticels. Leaf rachis 30--35 cm, including petiole 5--7 cm, with (5 or)7 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, basal pair 4--8 X 2.5--3.5 cm, lateral pairs and terminal one 12--20 X 3.5--6 cm with terminal one largest, papery, abaxially densely villous, adaxially appressed pubescent, base broadly cuneate to narrowly subcordate, apex caudate. Panicles terminal, 20--40 cm, slender; flowering branchlet nodes scattered; peduncle rather long, yellow tomentose. Flowers 1.5--1.7 cm. Corolla red; standard obovate, outside densely sericeous. Ovary tomentose, with 6 ovules. Legume rhomboid to oblong, 3.5--8 X ca. 2.2 cm, dark brown tomentose, gradually glabrescent, slightly contracted between seeds, apex with a hooked beak. Seeds 1--3 per legume, reddish brown, oblate, ca. 1.5 X 2 cm. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Jul--Oct.

 

                * Evergreen broad-leaved forests in shady places in valleys; ca. 1400 m. NW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, E Yunnan.

 

16. Callerya nitida (Bentham) R. Geesink, Leiden Bot. Ser. 8: 83. 1984.

 

亮叶崖豆藤 liang ye ya dou teng

 

                Shrubs, scandent, 2--10 m. Stems rusty brown, finely puberulous, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--20 cm, including petiole 3--6 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 3.5--9(--11) X 2--4 cm, papery, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein, curved apically near margins, and prominent on both surfaces, base obtuse to rounded, apex cuspidate, acute, or acuminate. Panicles terminal, 10--12 cm, thick, rusty tomentose; flowering branchlets 6--10 cm, straight. Flowers 1.6--2.4 cm. Pedicel and calyx tomentose. Corolla violet to purple; standard oblong, with 2 basal calluses, outside densely sericeous. Ovary stipitate, tomentose, with 4--8 ovules. Legume linear-oblong, 10--14 X 1.5--2 cm, stipitate, flat, brown tomentose, apex beaked. Seeds 4 or 5 per legume, chestnut brown, obliquely oblong, ca. 1 X 1.2 cm. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                * Coastal thickets, lowland sparse woods, thickets, forest margins, thickets and open places on slopes; near sea level to 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

1a. Leaflet blades 5--9(--11) X 3--4 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous and shiny but sometimes sparsely puberulous on midvein, apex acute to cuspidate; flowers 2.2--2.4 cm ...............  16a. var. nitida

1b. Leaflet blades 3.5--5.5 X 2--3 cm, both surfaces glabrous or glabrescent or abaxially densely reddish brown hirsute becoming blackened when dry and adaxially opaque and rough, apex acuminate or cuspidate; flowers 1.6--1.8 cm.

2a. Leaflet blades lanceolate, both surfaces glabrous or glabrescent, apex acuminate ......................  16b. var. minor

2b. Leaflet blades ovate, abaxially densely reddish brown hirsute becoming blackened when dry, adaxially opaque and rough, apex cuspidate ................................................................................................................. 16c. var. hirsutissima

 

16a. Callerya nitida var. nitida

 

亮叶崖豆藤(原变种) liang ye ya dou teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

Millettia nitida Bentham, London J. Bot. 1: 484. 1842; M. kueichouensis Hu.

 

                Leaflet blades lanceolate to oblong, 5--9(--11) X 3--4 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous and shiny but sometimes sparsely puberulous on midvein, apex acute to cuspidate. Flowers 2.2--2.4 cm. 2n = 32.

 

                * Coastal thickets, lowland sparse woods; near sea level to 800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan.

 

16b. Callerya nitida var. minor (Z. Wei) X. Y. Zhu in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 454. 2007.

 

峨眉崖豆藤 e mei ya dou teng

 

                Millettia nitida var. minor Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 288. 1985.

 

                Leaf rachis slender. Leaflet blades lanceolate, 3.5--5.5 X 2--3 cm, both surfaces glabrous or glabrescent, apex acuminate. Flowers 1.6--1.8 cm.

 

                * Thickets, forest margins; 800--1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

16c. Callerya nitida var. hirsutissima (Z. Wei) X. Y. Zhu in Z. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 454. 2007.

 

丰城崖豆藤 feng cheng ya dou teng

 

Millettia nitida var. hirsutissima Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 288. 1985.

 

                Leaflet blades ovate, 3.5--5.5 X 2--3 cm, abaxially densely reddish brown hirsute becoming blackened when dry, adaxially opaque and rough. Flowers 1.6--1.8 cm.

 

                * Thicket and open place on slopes; 500--1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi.

 

                Roots as drugs used for invigorating blood.

 

17. Callerya congestiflora (T. C. Chen) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

密花崖豆藤 mi hua ya dou teng

 

Millettia congestiflora T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 362. 1955.

 

                Lianas, to 5 m. Stems yellowish brown, terete, ridged, densely villous, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--30 cm, including petiole 4.5--8.5 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades broadly elliptic to ovate, 11--13 X 6--8 cm with basal pair smallest, papery, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially glabrous except midvein, base obtuse to broadly cuneate, apex acute. Panicles terminal, 14--16 cm; flowering branchlets grouped in 2s or 3s [?], densely yellow villous, nodes crowded. Flowers ca. 1.6 cm. Calyx outside densely sericeous. Corolla white or pale pink; standard broadly ovate, without basal calluses, outside densely sericeous abaxially. Ovary densely villous, with 6 or 7 ovules. Legume linear, 10--12 X 1.2--1.4 cm, flat, densely brown sericeous, contracted between seeds, base tapering, apex with a prolonged hooked beak. Seeds 3--6 per legume, chestnut brown and oblong when immature. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Sep--Oct.

 

                * Mountain woodlands; 500--1200 m. S Anhui, W Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan.

 

18. Callerya dielsiana (Harms) P. K. Lôc ex Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

香花崖豆藤 xiang hua ya dou teng

 

                Shrubs, scandent, 2--5 m. Stems grayish yellow, splitting, glabrous or puberulous. Leaf rachis 15--30 cm, including petiole 5--12 cm, with 5 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 5--15 X 1.5--6 cm, abaxially grayish glabrous, sparsely puberulous, or yellow hirsute, adaxially glabrous, midvein abaxially raised and adaxially sunken, secondary veins 6--9 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins evident on both surfaces or only abaxially, base rounded or sometimes subcordate, apex acute, acuminate, or rarely obtuse. Panicles terminal, 10--25(--40) cm, yellow puberulous; flowering branchlets 6--15 cm, spreading, nodes close together. Flowers 1.2--2.4 cm. Corolla purple; standard broadly ovate, without basal calluses, outside silvery to rusty sericeous, base subcordate. Ovary linear, tomentose, with 8 or 9 ovules. Legume linear to oblong, 7--12 X 1.5--2 cm, flat, gray tomentose; valves thin or woody. Seeds 3--5 per legume, tawny, oblong or subglobose, ca. 8 X 6 mm. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jun--Nov.

 

                *Mixed woods and thicket on slopes, thickets in river valleys, open places at forest margins; 300--2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang

 

1a. Leaflet blades abaxially grayish yellow hirsute ............................................................................................ 18c. var. solida

1b. Leaflet blades abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulous.

2a. Leaflet blades lanceolate to narrowly oblong, adaxially shiny and without prominent reticulate veins; valves subwoody; seeds oblong ................................................................................................................ 18a. var. dielsiana

2b. Leaflet blades oblong, adaxially rough with prominent reticulate veins; valves thinly leathery; seeds subglobose ......................................................................................................................................................... 18b. var. heterocarpa

 

18a. Callerya dielsiana var. dielsiana

 

香花崖豆藤(原变种) xiang hua ya dou teng (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Millettia dielsiana Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 412. 1900; M. argyraea T. C. Chen; M. blinii H. Léveillé; M. champutongensis Hu; M. cinerea Bentham var. yunnanensis Pampanini; M. duclouxii Pampanini; M. dunniana H. Léveillé; M. fragrantissima H. Léveillé; M. obtusifoliolata Hu.

 

                Leaflet blades lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 5--10(--12) X 1.5--3.5 cm, papery, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous and shiny. Panicles 10--15 cm. Flowers 1.2--1.8 cm. Legume linear, 7--9 X ca. 1.5 cm, valves subwoody. Seeds oblong.

 

                *Mixed woods and thicket on slopes; 800--2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

 

                Although P. K. Lôc made the combination “Callerya dielsiana” in Bot. Zhurn. 81(10): 99. 1996, it was invalid because he did not cite the complete basionym citation.

 

 

18b. Callerya dielsiana var. heterocarpa (Chun ex T. C. Chen) X. Y. Zhu ex Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

异果崖豆藤 yi guo ya dou teng

 

Millettia heterocarpa Chun ex T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin 3: 364. 1955; M. dielsiana Harms var. heterocarpa (Chun ex T. C. Chen) Z. Wei.

 

                Leaflet blades oblong, 7--9(--13) X 3--4.5 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous and reticulate veins prominent. Panicles 12--20 cm. Flowers 1.2--1.8 cm. Legume oblong, 7--11 X ca. 2 cm, valves thinly leathery. Seeds subglobose.

 

                * Thicket in river valleys; 300--1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi.

 

18c. Callerya dielsiana var. solida (T. Chen ex Z. Wei) X. Y. Zhu ex Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

雪峰山崖豆藤 xue feng shan ya dou teng

 

Millettia dielsiana var. solida T. Chen ex Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 289. 1985.

 

                Leaflet blades oblong, 9--15 X 4--6 cm, papery, abaxially grayish yellow hirsute, reticulate veins prominent. Panicles 15--25(--40) cm. Flowers 1.8--2.4 cm. Legume oblong, 8--12 X ca. 2 cm, valves leathery. Seeds subglobose.

 

                * Open place by margins of forest; 600--1400 m. W Hunan, Guangxi.

 

10. PONGAMIA Adanson, Fam. 2: 322, 593. 1763, nom. & orth. cons.

 

水黄皮属 shui huang pi shu

 

Zhang Dianxiang (张奠湘); Les Pedley

 

                Trees. Stipules caducous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels absent. Inflorescences axillary, racemose; bracts small caducous. Calyx campanulate to calathiform, apex truncate. Corolla longer than sepals; standard orbicular, with 2-callose on claw, basally auriculate; wings oblong, oblique, auriculate; keels falcate, apically adhered, apex truncate. Stamens 10, diadelphous, vexillary stamen free from other 9; anthers basifixed. Ovary subsessile, with 2 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma capitate. Seeds 1 per legume.

 

                One species: pantropical and extending into subtropics.

 

1. Pongamia pinnata (Linnaeus) Pierre, Fl. For. Cochinch. 4: t. 385. 1899.

 

水黄皮 shui huang pi

 

                Cytisus pinnatus Linneaus, Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753; Derris indica (Lamarck) Bennet; Galedupa indica Lamarck; G. pinnata (Linnaeus) Taubert; Millettia pinnata (Linnaeus) Panigrahi; Pongamia glabra Ventenat; P. mitis (Linnaeus) Kurz; Robinia mitis Linnaeus.

 

                Trees, 8--15 m tall. Branchlets sometimes tomentose, glabrescent, with dense minute cinereous lenticels. Leaf rachis 20--26 cm, including petiole 5--6 cm, with 5 or 7 leaflets; petiolules 6--8 mm; leaflet blades ovate, broadly elliptic, or oblong, 5--10 X 4--8 cm, leathery, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or truncate, apex rounded to acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 15--20 cm, rachis nodes usually with 2 flowers. Pedicel 5--8 mm; bracteoles 2, inserted at base of calyx, ovate. Calyx campanulate to calathiform, ca. 3 mm, outside sparsely yellowish pubescent; teeth obscure. Corolla white or pink, 1.2--1.4 cm; standard orbicular, outside thinly sericeous, base auriculate, claw with 2-calloses; wings oblong, oblique, base auriculate; keels falcate, apically adherent, apex truncate. Stamens 10, vexillary one distinct, others connate; anthers basifixed. Ovary subsessile, with 2 ovules; style inflexed, glabrous; stigma capitate. Legume ellipsoid to oblong, flat, 4--5 X 1.5--2.5 cm, indehiscent, covered with obscure warts, apex shortly beaked. Seed reniform. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Oct. 2n = 22.

 

                Coastal areas along beaches or riverbanks, thickets; near sea level. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; C Africa, C America, Australia, Pacific Islands].

 

                The taxon reported here is the autonym variety. Another variety, Pongamia pinnata var. xerocarpa (Hasskarl) Alston, occurs in S and SE Asia.

 

11. WISTERIA Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 115. 1818, nom. cons.

 

紫藤属 zi teng shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Rehsonia Stritch.

 

                Lianas, deciduous. Winter buds ovoid; scales 3--5. Stipules present. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflet blades opposite, margin entire; stipels present. Racemes terminal, elongate, pendulous; nodes scattered on rachis, with l flower. Flowers 1.5--2.5 cm. Corolla standard orbicular, large, reflexed, glabrous or outside with some trichomes at base, with 2 basal calluses; wings free from keel. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen distinct from other 9 or slightly connate at middle of sheath. Ovary stipitate, with trichomes, with 5--16 ovules. Legume linear to oblanceolate, leathery, convex over seeds. Seeds 1--3[or more] per legume, reniform to lenticular, without a strophiole; radicle folded.

 

                About six species: E Asia, North America; four species (three endemic) in China.

 

                The Japanese species Wisteria floribunda (Willdenow) Candolle is commonly cultivated as a garden plant in China.

 

1a. Mature leaflet blades glabrescent or with sparse trichomes; corolla purple or occasionally white.

2a. Flowers 2--2.5 cm; pedicel 2--3 cm; corolla standard glabrous, apex truncate; abaxial calyx tooth longer than others ......................................................................................................................................................................  1. W. sinensis

2b. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm; pedicel 0.6--1.2 cm; corolla standard outside sparsely villous, apex emarginate; abaxial calyx tooth as long as others ...................................................................................................................  2. W. brevidentata

1b. Mature leaflet blades with trichomes on both surfaces but abaxially especially dense; corolla violet or white.

3a. Racemes ca. 30 cm, densely gray villous; flowers ca. 2 cm, blooming in sequence from basally to apically along raceme rachis; corolla violet; leaflet blades villous but abaxially especially dense ..........................  3. W. villosa

3b. Racemes 10--20 cm, yellow tomentose; flowers 2.2--2.5 cm, blooming almost at same time along whole raceme rachis; corolla white; leaflet blades abaxially sericeous, adaxially appressed pubescent ..............  4. W. venusta

 

1. Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 121. 1826.

 

紫藤 zi teng

 

                Glycine sinensis Sims, Bot. Mag. 46: t. 2083. 1819; Wisteria alba Lindley; W. praecox Handel-Mazzetti; W. sinensis f. alba (Lindley) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; W. sinensis var. albiflora Lemaire.

 

                Lianas, to 25 m. Stems twined leftwards, white villous when young, soon glabrescent. Leaf rachis 15--25 cm, including petiole 3--5 cm, with 7--13 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic-ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 5--8 X 2--4 cm with basal pair smallest and becoming larger apically, both surfaces appressed pubescent when young but glabrescent, base rounded to cuneate and somewhat asymmetric, apex attenuate to caudate. Racemes terminal or axillary from branchlets of previous year, 15--30 X 8--10 cm, white villous. Pedicel 2--3 cm, slender. Flowers 2--2.5 cm, fragrant. Calyx with adaxially tooth longer than others. Corolla purple or occasionally white; standard orbicular, sometimes retuse, glabrous, apex truncate. Ovary tomentose, with 6--8 ovules. Legume oblanceolate, 10--15 X 1.5--2 cm, tomentose, hanging on branches persistently. Seeds 1--3 per legume, brown, thickly lenticular, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., shiny. Fl. Apr--May, fr. May--Aug. 2n = 16.

 

                Mountain forests; 500--1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, NE Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan].

 

                Extensively cultivated in areas beyond its native range.

 

2. Wisteria brevidentata Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 163. 1926.

 

短梗紫藤 duan geng zi teng

 

                Lianas. Stems appressed villous, glabrescent and grayish yellow in second year. Leaf rachis 13--17 cm, including petiole 3--4 cm, with 9 or 11(or 13) leaflets; petiolules sparsely hirsute; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate-oblong, 2.5--5 X 1--1.8 cm, both surfaces sparsely hirsute especially on midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse and apiculate. Racemes 10--18 cm. Pedicel 6--12 mm, villous. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx with abaxial tooth as long as others. Corolla purple; standard suborbicular, outside sparsely villous, base subcordate, apex emarginate. Ovary tomentose. Legume and seeds not seen.

 

                * Hill slopes and river valleys, cultivated. Fujian, Yunnan.

 

                The status of this species is uncertain, and it may just be a variant of Wisteria sinensis. Collections are know from both cultivated as well as wild plants, but it is uncertain whether or not the wild plants were escaped from cultivation.

 

3. Wisteria villosa Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 162. 1926.

 

藤箩 teng luo

 

                Lianas. Stems thick, densely gray villous. Leaf rachis 15--32 cm, including petiole 2--5 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 5--10 X 2.5--3.5 cm, gradually decreasing in size from basal to apical pair, abaxially densely white villous, adaxially sparsely white villous, trichomes persistent on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate. Racemes terminal, 30--35 X 8--10 cm. Pedicel 1.5--2.5 cm, straight. Flowers 2.2--2.5 cm, fragrant. Calyx violet, both surfaces tomentose. Corolla violet; standard orbicular, glabrous. Ovary tomentose, with 5 ovules. Legume oblanceolate, 18--24 X ca. 2.5 cm, brown tomentose. Seeds ca. 3 per legume, dark brown, flat and orbicular, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Oct.

 

                * Thickets and trail sides on slopes. Henan, Shaanxi.

 

                Cultivated in Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong.

 

4. Wisteria venusta Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 514. 1916.

 

白花藤箩 bai hua teng luo

 

                Wisteria brachybotrys Siebold & Zuccarini var. alba W. Miller.

 

                Lianas, 2--10 m. Stems densely appressed yellow pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaf rachis 18--35 cm, including petiole 3--5 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 6--10 X 2.5--5 cm with pair at middle of rachis somewhat larger than others, both surfaces appressed pubescent but abaxially more densely so especially on midvein and margin, base truncate to subcordate and asymmetric, apex acute. Racemes terminal, emerged at same time as leaves, ca. 15 X 10 cm, yellow tomentose. Pedicel 2.5--3(--3.5) cm, straight. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Corolla white; standard suborbicular, apex truncate and cuspidate. Ovary with trichomes, with 12 ovules. Legume oblanceolate, flat, yellow tomentose. Seeds brown, round, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Aug--Sep.

 

                * Mountain valleys. Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi.

 

                Usually cultivated as an ornamental in shade.

 

12. CRASPEDOLOBIUM Harms, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 135. 1921.

 

巴豆藤属 ba dou teng shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Shrubs, scandent. Stipules present. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipels present. Pseudoracemes terminal or axillary near branchlet apex, elongated; flowering branchlet nodes with flowers in fascicles; bracts and bracteoles minute. Pedicel short. Calyx teeth 5, ± equal in length. Corolla red; petals equal in length; standard orbicular, shortly clawed, without basal calluses. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen free from other 9. Ovary stipitate, with trichomes, with 5--8 ovules. Legumes flat, with a narrow wing on adaxial suture, dehiscent. Seeds with folded radicle.

 

                 One species: SE Asia and China.

 

1. Craspedolobium unijugum (Gagnepain) Z. Wei & Pedley, comb. nov.

 

巴豆藤 ba dou teng

 

                Millettia unijuga Gagnepain, Notul. Bot. (Paris) 2: 365. 1913; Callerya unijuga (Gagnepain) H. Sun; Craspedolobium schochii Harms.

 

                Shrubs, scandent, to 3 m. Stems dark brown, pithy, ridged, appressed puberulous when young, glabrescent when mature, with dense brown lenticels. Leaves with 3 leaflets; stipels acicular; leaflet blades obovate to broadly elliptic, 5--9 X 3--6 cm, both surfaces appressed puberulous but abaxially especially dense on veins, adaxially sometimes glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded and asymmetric on lateral ones, apex obtuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes usually congested near apex of branchlets, 15--25 cm; flowering branchlet nodes with 3--5 fascicled flowers. Pedicels, calyxes, and bracteoles yellow sericeous. Corolla red, 0.9--1.1 cm, glabrous. Legume linear, 6--9 X ca. 1.2 cm, flat, papery, brown tomentose, base rounded, apex acute and shortly beaked; abaxial suture narrowly winged, continuous within. Seed 3--5(--7) per legume, reniform lenticular. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Sep--Oct.

 

                 Sparse woods in moist soil, along trails; 600--2000 m. NW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, S Sichuan, Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].

 

                The record of Millettia unijuga as treated in FRPS (40: 160. 1994) is bases on a single specimen (P. I. Mao 6915, 24 Oct. 1955 at KUN) from S Yunnan which was used for the FRPS illustration (Pl. 47. f. 1--2). This collection may possibly represent an undescribed species.

 

13. TEPHROSIA Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 328. 1807, nom. cons.

 

灰毛豆属 hui mao dou shu

 

Wei Zhi (韦直); Les Pedley

 

                Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, often suffrutescent, usually sericeous. Stipules caducous. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipels absent; leaflet blades opposite, abaxially often sericeous, secondary veins to ca. 30 on each side of midvein and closely parallel, margin entire. Pseudoracemes terminal or axillary, sometimes opposite a leaf; bracts usually caducous. Bracteoles absent. Corolla white, cream-colored, or mauve, occasionally orange or red; standard suborbicular, reflexed, outside villous or sericeous. Stamens monadelphous; vexillary stamen somewhat distinct from other 9. Ovary sessile, with trichomes, with numerous ovules. Legume flat, occasionally inflated, dehiscent, apex often beaked; valves twisted. Seeds 5--16 per legume, oblong, ellipsoid, or occasionally globular; radicle folded.

 

                Over 400 species: tropical and subtropical regions of world; 11 species (two endemic and three exotic) in China.

 

1a. Flower 1--2.5 cm; legume 5.5--13 cm X 5.5--14 mm.

2a. Flower 1--1.7 cm; legume 5.5--6 cm; leaflet blades obovate-elliptic, narrowly elliptic, linear-oblanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate.

3a. Inflorescences 3--7 cm, with congested flowers; corolla white; leaflet blades abaxially velutinous, secondary veins 15--20 on each side of midvein ................................................................................................  4. T. vestita

3b. Inflorescences to 25 cm, with scattered flowers; corolla red; leaflet blades abaxially silvery sericeous, secondary veins 9 or 10 on each side of midvein .......................................................................  5. T. coccinea

2b. Flowers 2--2.5 cm; legume 8--13 cm; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate.

4a. Pedicel 2--2.3 cm, densely rusty villous; legume 10--13 cm X 14 mm, densely creamy villous ..  1. T. vogelii

4b. Pedicel 0.5--1 cm, densely white villous or sericeous; legume 8--10 cm X 6--8.5 mm, brown tomentose or yellow sericeous.

5a. Calyx teeth ca. 1 mm, apex rounded; leaflet blades 0.6--1.4 cm in width, oblong, secondary veins 30--50 on each side of midvein; pedicel ca. 10 mm, villous; corolla white, rarely yellow or pale pink, legume brown tomentose ...................................................................................................................................  2. T. candida

5b. Calyx teeth ca. 5 mm, apex acute; leaflet blades 1.5--2 cm in width, oblong-lanceolate, secondary veins 20 on each side of midvein; pedicel ca. 5 mm, sericeous; corolla red; legume yellow sericeous  3. T. kerrii

1b. Flower 1 cm; legume 2--5 cm X 3.5--5(--6) mm.

6a. Inflorescences 10--25 cm (but only ca. 2 cm in T. purpurea var. glabra), flowers scattered.

7a. Calyx teeth ± equal; legume with sparse appressed trichomes ................................................. . 6. T. purpurea

7b. Calyx teeth unequal, abaxial most tooth longer and narrow, other ones shorter and broad; legume densely brown tomentose ............................................................................................................................  7. T. noctiflora

6b. Inflorescences 1--5 cm, flowers congested.

8a. Legume with 7--14 seeds.

9a. Inflorescences with 1--3 flowers; legume apex with curved or hooked beak .......................  8. T. pumila

9b. Inflorescences with 4--8 flowers; legume apex with a short straight beak .....................  9. T. luzonensis

8b. Legume with 5--7 seeds.

10a. Leaves with 12--16 leaflets; leaflet blades oblanceolate, abaxially sparsely pubescent, secondary veins ca. 9 on each side of midvein, mauve, conspicuous; legume slightly curved at tip, 3.5--4 cm ....  10. T. ionophlebia

10b. Leaves with 10 or 12 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate, both surfaces densely sericeous, secondary veins 5--8 on each side of midvein, almost inconspicuous; legume straight, 2--2.5 cm ..........  11. T. obovata

 

1. Tephrosia vogelii J. D. Hooker in Hooker, Niger Fl. 296. 1849.

 

西非灰毛豆 xi fei hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, erect, many-branched. Stems tomentose with short and long white and yellow trichomes, trichomes ca. 1.5 mm. Leaf rachis 10--25 cm, including petiole 1--3 cm, with 13--29 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 3--7 X 0.9--1.8 cm, abaxially densely mixed white and yellow tomentose, adaxially appressed white sericeous, secondary veins 12--15 on each side of midvein. Pseudoracemes terminal or axillary near apex of branchlets, 10--15 cm, rusty tomentose, long pedunculate. Pedicel 2--2.3 cm, rusty villous. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm. Calyx ca. 1.2 X 1 cm, brown tomentose; teeth oblong, ca. 1 cm, apex round but adaxial one narrowly acute. Corolla white or occasionally violet; standard orbicular, sericeous. Ovary sericeous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 10--13 cm X 12--14 mm, straight, yellowish white tomentose, rusty on suture, apex beaked. Seeds 12--16 per legume, black, broadly ovoid, ca. 7 X 4.5 mm, smooth. Fl. and fr. all year. 2n = 22.

 

                Cultivated in S Guangdong, Hainan, and Taiwan [native to tropical Africa].

 

                Grown as a green mulch.

 

2. Tephrosia candida Candolle, Prodr. 2: 249. 1825.

 

白灰毛豆 bai hui mao dou

 

                Robinia candida (Candolle) Roxburgh.

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, 1--3.5 m tall. Stems ridged, grayish white tomentose, trichomes ca. 1 mm. Leaf rachis 15--25 cm, including petiole 1--3, with 17--25 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, 3--6 X 0.6--1.4 cm, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 30--50 on each side of midvein. Pseudoracemes terminal or lateral, 15--20 cm. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, densely white villous. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx ca. 5 X 5 mm; teeth equal, ca. 1 mm, apex rounded. Corolla white, rarely yellow or pale pink; standard densely sericeous. Ovary tomentose, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 8--10 cm X 7.5--8.5 mm, straight, brown tomentose with a mixture of long and short trichomes, apex truncate and with a straight ca. 1 cm beak. Seeds 10--15 per legume, olive green with dark patches, ellipsoid, ca. 5 X 3.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Oct--Nov, fr. Dec. 2n =22, 24.

 

                Cultivated or escaped on grassland, open places, and slopes. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [native in India and widely cultivated and escaped elsewhere].

 

                Grown as a green mulch.

 

3. Tephrosia kerrii J. R. Drummond & Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 149. 1912.

 

银灰毛豆 yin hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, to 3 m tall, densely yellow spreading villous. Stems erect, sturdy, ridged, apically branched. Leaf rachis 9--15 cm, including petiole ca. 5 mm, with 11--17 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate, 5--8 X 1.5--2 cm, abaxially densely silvery sericeous, adaxially olive green and glabrous, secondary veins 20 on each side of midvein and conspicuous, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal, when immature cone-shaped and covered by bracts, elongated to ca. 10 cm at anthesis. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, densely white sericeous. Flowers ca. 2.2 cm. Calyx ca. 8 X 6 mm; teeth narrowly triangular, abaxial most longest one and ca. 5 mm, apex acute. Corolla red; standard obovate, yellow sericeous. Ovary sericeous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 8--10 cm X 6--8 mm, straight, spreading and slightly nodding, yellow sericeous, apex with a ca. 1 cm slightly ascending beak. Seeds 10--12 per legume but characters unknown. Fl. Oct, fr. Dec.

 

                Moist places in valley, open places, along trails; 700--1000 m. S Yunnan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

4. Tephrosia vestita Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 15. 1843.

 

黄灰毛豆 huang hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, 1--2 m tall, many-branched, yellowish white velutinous. Stems zigzag ascending, ridged. Leaf rachis ca. 10 cm, including petiole 1--1.5 cm, with 7--11(or 13) leaflets; leaflet blades obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 2--4 X 1--1.8 cm, abaxially velutinous, adaxially rough and glabrous, secondary veins 15--20 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex rounded to retuse. Pseudoracemes terminal or opposite leaf near apex of branchlets, 3--7 cm, with congested flowers. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Flowers ca. 1.7 cm, fragrant. Calyx ca. 3 X 4 mm. Corolla white; standard suborbicular, yellow velutinous. Ovary sericeous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 5.5--6 cm X ca. 5 mm, straight, flat, densely yellow velutinous, apex abruptly pointed and with a ca. 1 cm beak. Seeds 10--12 per legume, black, reniform, ca. 3 X 2.5 mm. Fl. Jun--Oct, fr. Jul--Nov.

 

                Sparse woods, open places, grassland. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi [Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

5. Tephrosia coccinea Wallich var. stenophylla Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 32: 195. 1942.

 

狭叶红灰毛豆 xia ye hong hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, 40--50 cm tall, many-branched. Stems woody, terete; young branchlets 4-sided, silvery or white appressed sericeous. Leaves subsessile; leaf rachis 6--10 cm, with 5 or 7(or 9) leaflets; leaflet blades linear-oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 4--6 X ca. 1 cm with basal pair smallest and terminal one longest, abaxially silvery sericeous, secondary veins 9 or 10 on each side of midvein. Pseudoracemes terminal or opposite a leaf, ca. 25 cm, with scattered flowers. Pedicel 3--6 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm. Corolla red; standard orbicular, outside sericeous, inside glabrous. Ovary stipitate; sericeous, with 10--12 ovules. Legume linear, ca. 6 cm X 7--8 mm, flat, tomentose. Seeds 8--12 per legume, black, reniform, ca. 8 X 5 mm. Fl. and fr. Dec--Feb.

 

                * Sandy fields in open areas. Hainan.

 

                Tephrosia coccinea var. coccinea occurs in India, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam.

 

6. Tephrosia purpurea (Linnaeus) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 329. 1807.

 

灰毛豆 hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, 30--60(--150) cm tall, many-branched, puberulous, densely spreading villous, or glabrescent. Stems nearly erect to spreading, with a woody base, ridged. Leaf rachis 7--15 cm, including petiole ca. 1 cm, with 9--17(--21) leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 1.5--3.5(--4.5) X 0.4--1.5 cm, secondary veins 7--12 on each side of midvein, base narrowly rounded, apex obtuse, truncate, or retuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal, opposite to a leaf or axillary near apex of branchlets, ca. 2 or 10--15 cm. Pedicel 2--4 mm, slender, slightly elongate in fruit. Flowers ca. 8 mm. Calyx 2--4 X ca. 3 mm; teeth equal. Corolla mauve; standard orbicular, white puberulous. Ovary with trichomes, with 5--8 ovules. Legume linear, 3--5 cm X 3.5--4(--6) mm, with sparse appressed trichomes, apically slightly curved. Seeds ca. 6 per legume, grayish brown, ellipsoid, ca. 3 X 1.5 mm, with or without spots, smooth or rough. Fl. Mar--Oct, fr. Sep--Dec.

 

                Open place, slopes, sandy grassland by ocean, grassland by river margins; near sea level to 700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].

 

1a. Plant glabrescent; inflorescences ca. 2 cm; legume ca. 3 cm X 3.5 mm, glabrous ..................................  6b. var. glabra

1b. Plant ± pubescent or densely spreading villous; inflorescences 10--15 cm; legume 4--5 cm X ca. 4(--6) mm, with trichomes.

2a. Plant puberulous; stipules ca. 4 mm; leaflet blades abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous; seeds grayish brown, spotted, smooth ......................................................................................................  6a. var. purpurea

2b. Plant densely spreading villous; stipule ca. 12 mm; leaflet blades with both surfaces villous but abaxially more densely so especially on midvein and margin; seeds rough, without spots ......................  6c. var. yunnanensis

 

6a. Tephrosia purpurea var. purpurea

 

灰毛豆(原变种) hui mao dou (yuan bian zhong)

 

                Cracca purpurea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 752. 1753.

 

                Plant ± pubescent. Stipules ca. 4 mm. Leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, 1.5--3.5 X 0.4--1.4 cm, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous adaxially. Racemes ca. 10 cm, slender. Legume 4--5 cm X ca. 4(--6) mm, with trichomes. Seeds grayish brown, spotted, smooth. 2n = 22, 44.

 

                Open place, slopes. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam].

 

6b. Tephrosia purpurea var. glabra Hosokawa, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 200. 1932.

 

秃净灰毛豆 tu jing hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, glabrescent. Leaves with 13 leaflets. Racemes ca. 2 cm, shorter than subtending leaf. Legume glabrous, ca. 3 cm X 3.5 mm.

 

                * Sandy grassland by ocean; near sea level. S Taiwan.

 

6c. Tephrosia purpurea var. yunnanensis Z. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 76. 1989.

 

云南灰毛豆 yun nan hui mao dou

 

                Plants densely spreading villous. Stipule ca. 1.2 cm. Leaflet blades obovate-elliptic, 1.5--2(--4.5) X 0.6--1.5 cm, both surfaces villous but abaxially more densely so especially on midvein and margin. Racemes 10--15 cm. Legume 4--5 cm X ca. 4(--6) mm, with trichomes. Seed rough, without spots.

 

                * Grassland by river shores; ca. 700 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.

 

7. Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 112. 1871.

 

长序灰毛豆 chang xu hui mao dou

 

                Tephrosia hookeriana Wight & Arnott var. amoena Prain.

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent, 0.5--1.5 m tall. Stems terete, with dense spreading trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 6--11 mm, persistent, apex acuminate. Leaf rachis 7--11 cm, including petiole 0.7--1.3 cm, with 15--25 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-oblanceolate, 2.2--3.2 X 0.5--0.8 cm with terminal one slightly larger than others, abaxially densely appressed sericeous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 9--11 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex rounded to retuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal, 15--25 cm, rigid and straight, scattered with flowers. Pedicel 2--4 mm. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 X 5 mm, densely brown pubescent; teeth unequal, abaxial most tooth 4--6 mm and narrow and other ones short and broad. Corolla yellow, violet, or white; standard orbicular, brown sericeous. Ovary sericeous, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 4.5--5 cm X ca. 5 mm, straight, densely brown pubescent, apex ascendingly curved. Seeds 7--9 per legume, black, reniform, ca. 4 X 2.5 mm, usually transversely rugose. Fl. and fr. Nov--Jan. 2n = 22.

 

                Introduced and escaped to ravines near shore, coastal grassland. 50--700 m. Guangdong, Taiwan, Yunnan [native in tropical Africa].

 

8. Tephrosia pumila (Lamarck) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 330. 1807.

 

矮灰毛豆 ai hui mao dou

 

                Galega pumila Lamarck, Encycl. 2(2): 599. 1788.

 

                Herbs, annual or perennial, procumbent or straggling, 20--30 cm tall. Stems thin and hard, ridged, densely spreading strigose. Stipules 3--4 mm. Leaf rachis 2--4 cm, including petiole 3--10 mm, with 7(--13) leaflets; leaflet blades narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 1.2--2 X 0.4--0.8 cm, abaxially strigose, adaxially appressed pubescent, secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein and obscure, base cuneate, apex truncate to obtuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal or opposite a leaf, ca. 2 cm, strigose, with 1--3 flowers. Pedicel 2.5--4 mm. Flowers ca. 6 mm. Calyx ca. 3 X 2 mm. Corolla white, yellow, or rarely pale pink; standard orbicular, pilose. Ovary with trichomes, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 3.5--4 cm X ca. 4 mm, shortly strigose, apex slightly ascendingly curved and with a beak; style remnant sharply reflexed. Seeds 8--14 per legume, brown, oblong-rhomboid, ca. 4 X 3 mm, mottled. Fl. and fr. all year. 2n = 22, 44.

 

                Sunny places on slopes or trails sides. ca. 500 m. Guangdong [tropical Africa, Asia, and N Australia].

 

9. Tephrosia luzonensis Vogel, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 15. 1843.

 

西沙灰毛豆 xi sha hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, annual, 10--15(--100) cm tall, many-branched, white spreading pilose. Stems erect, procumbent, or ascendant, base slightly woody. Stipule ca. 4 mm. Leaf rachis 5--10 cm, including petiole ca. 1 cm, with (5--)9--13(--21) leaflets; leaflet blades narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 1--3 X 0.3--0.7 cm, abaxially densely gray pubescent, adaxially appressed puberulous, secondary veins 10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex rounded or retuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes axillary, with 4--8 flowers gathered on apical half of rachis. Pedicel 3--4 mm. Flowers ca. 7 mm. Corolla pale red flushed with purple. Legume linear, 2.5--3.5 cm X ca. 4 mm, slightly curved, strigose, apex with a straight beak. Seeds 7--12 per legume, black, subglobose, ca. 2 mm. Fl. and fr. all year.

 

                Open sandy sea shores; near sea level. Xisha Qundao (Yongxin Dao) [Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand].

 

10. Tephrosia ionophlebia Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 21. 1920.

 

台湾灰毛豆 tai wan hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, suffrutescent. Stems erect or ascendant, appressed yellow puberulous. Stipules 3--6 mm, abaxially strigose, apex acuminate. Leaf rachis 6--8 cm, including petiole 1--1.5 mm, with 13--17(--21) leaflets, sometimes with axillary cataphylls; leaflet blades oblong-oblanceolate, 15--18 X ca. 5 mm with largest at middle of rachis, abaxially sparsely strigose, adaxially glabrescent, secondary veins ca. 9 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins clearly marked and purplish red especially abaxially, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded to retuse and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal or opposite a leaf, 2--5 cm, straight, strigose, elongated in fruit. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, slender. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 X 3 mm. Corolla red; standard broadly orbicular, outside pubescent. Ovary linear, with numerous ovules. Legume linear, 3.5--4 cm X ca. 4 mm, strigose, apically slightly curved. Seeds 5--7 per legume, pale brown, ellipsoid ca. 3 X 1.5 mm, scabrous. Fl. and fr. Sep--Dec.

 

                * Open or waste lands. Taiwan.

 

                Treated as Tephrosia purpurea in Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 3: 371. 1993.

 

11. Tephrosia obovata Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 69. 1910.

 

卵叶灰毛豆 luan ye hui mao dou

 

                Herbs, perennial, small. Stems straggling, appressed pubescent, base woody. Stipules subulate, 2--4 mm. Leaf rachis ca. 5 cm, including petiole ca. 1.5 cm, with (9 or)11 or 13 leaflets; leaflet blades obovate, ca. 1.4 X 0.6 cm, both surfaces appressed sericeous but abaxially especially dense, secondary veins 5--8 on each side of midvein and obscure, base rounded-cuneate, apex emarginate and cuspidate. Pseudoracemes terminal or axillary, short. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm. Corolla red; standard orbicular, outside pubescent. Ovary with trichomes. Legume linear, 2--2.5 cm X ca. 4 mm, straight, densely velutinous. Seeds 6 or 7 per legume, pale brown, ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 X 2.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar--Aug.

 

                Sandy or rocky areas; near sea level. Taiwan [Philippines].

 

                The report (FRPS 40: 222. 1994) of Tephrosia filipes Bentham from Taiwan is most likely a misidentification of this species and is based on a single specimens from the Hengchun peninsula of S Taiwan in the Herbarium (SHM) of the Shanghai Museum of Natural History collected at “Ma-lan-bi” on cliffs.

 


1 Herbarium, Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, 10 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, People’s Republic of China.

 

2 Herbarium, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, People’s Republic of China.

 

3 Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland 4066, Australia.