Fabaceae: Galegeae: Oxytropis [Draft]

OXYTROPIS Candolle, Astragalogia 66. 1802, nom. cons. [Draft]

棘豆属 ji dou shu

Zhu Xiang-yun (朱相云)^{^[1]}; Stanley L. Welsh^{^[2]} , Hiroyoshi Ohashi^{^[3]}

Perennial herbs or cushionlike shrublets, caulescent or acaulescent, with glandular trichomes, glands, or scalelike or slender basifixed trichomes. Stipules conspicuous, membranous, papyraceous, leathery, scarious, herbaceous, or foliaceous, usually persistent, free or adnate to petiole, distinct or connate. Leaves usually odd-pinnate, rarely appearing even-pinnate by apical leaflet reduced to a spine (Oxytropis aciphylla, O. hydtrix, and O. tragacanthoides), rarely 1-foliolate (O. monophylla and O. neimonggolica); leaflet alternate, opposite, subopposite, verticillate, or subverticillate; leaflet blades various in shape, base ± oblique. Inflorescences racemes, spicate or capitate, dense or lax, with 1 to many flowers; bracts usually triangular or lanceolate-triangular. Bracteoles absent or sometimes narrowly triangular. Calyx campanulate, tubular-campanulate, or tubular, with 5 subequal lobes. Corolla various in color, petals clawed; standard various in shape, apex rounded, emarginate, or 2-lobed; wings variously shaped, apex rounded or emarginate; keel variously shaped, apex beaked with vascular bundles reaching beak apex. Stamens diadelphous with 9 connate filaments and 1 ± distinct filament. Ovary sessile or stipitate, glabrous or pubescent. Legume sessile or stipitate, membranous or leathery, enveloped by calyx or exserted from calyx, usually 1-locular or ± 2-locular, septum absent, narrow, or wide.

About 310 species: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; 133 species (70 endemic) in China.

The genus Oxytropis resembles Astragalus but is distinguished from the latter in having vascular bundles reaching the apex the corolla keel beak, leaflets basally oblique, glands, several with verticillate leaflets (except Astragalus alatavicus in Xinjiang of China and Russia), and several with glandular trichomes.

The following taxa are reported in FRPS 42(2): 1--145. 1998 but are not treated here. The authors have not seen any Chinese material of of these taxa, and in most cases their reported occurance in China is based on misidentifications based on literature covering plants occuring outside of China (except for Oxytropis falcata var. marquensis which is based on a type from S Gansu): Oxytropis altaica (Pallas) Persoon, O. ambigua (Pallas) Candolle, O. ampullata (Pallas) Persoon, O. biloba Saposhnikow, O. caespitosula Gontscharow, O. cana Bunge, O. chantengriensis Vassilczenko, O. chionophylla Schrenk, O. confusa Bunge, O. chorgossica Vassilczenko, O. cuspidata Bunge, O. falcata Bunge var. maquensis C. W. Chang, O. floribunda (Pallas) Candolle, O. gorbunovii Borissova, O. ketmenica Saposhnikow, O. kyzitalensis Vassilczenko, O. lanuginosa Komarov, O. longibracteata Karelin & Kirilov, O. macrobotrys Bunge, O. martijanovii Krylov, O. microsphaera Bunge, O. platonychia Bunge, O. sarkandensis Vassilczenko, O. schrenkii Trautvetter, O. semenowii Bunge, O. sulphurea (Fischer) Ledebour, O. thomsonii Bentham ex Bunge.

The following taxa are based on Chinese types but are not treated here because additional study is needed to determine if any of these should be recognized or whether the belong to existing taxa: Oxytropis barkultagi Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. burchan-buddae Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. candolleorum Vassilczenko, O. dehra-duni Vassilczenko, O. dschagataia Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. dumbedanica Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. kumbelica Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. larionovii Grubov & Vassilczenko, O. leptophylla (Pallas) Candolle var. turinata H. C. Fu, O. lutchensis Franchet.

There are additional taxa reported as occuring in China in variouis publications, but most if not all of these are these reports are based on misidentification of Chinese plants based on treatments that cover areas outside of China.

Artificial keys:

1a. Shrubs; leaf rachises persistent or modified as a thorn .............................................................................................. Key I

1b. Herbs; leaf rachises sometimes persistent but never modified as a thorn.

2a. Corolla standard and keel pubescent on outer surface ..................................................................................... Key II

2b. Corolla standard and keep glabrous on outer surface.

3a. Plants caulescent, with 1--4 apparent internodes.

4a. Corolla yellow, yellowish, or white ...................................................................................................... Key III

4b. Corolla some shade of purple, blue, pink, or less commonly white ................................................ Key IV

3b. Plants acaulescent, with no apparent internodes.

5a. Plants glandular, especially on inflorescence and floral parts; leaflets (at least some) verticillate or not verticillate ................................................................................................................................................ Key V

5b. Plants not glandular or with appressed or yellowish glandular trichomes.

6a. Leaves with leaflets scattered or opposite, none verticillate.

7a. Corolla yellow or white .......................................................................................................... Key IX

7b. Corolla some shade of purple, blue, or pink ........................................................................ Key X

6b. Leaves with at least some leaflets verticillate.

8a. Corolla yellow, yellowish white, or white ........................................................................... Key VI

8b. Corolla purple, violet, blue purple, or rarely white.

9a. Plants with appressed glandular trichomes .............................................................. Key VII

9b. Plants not glandular or glandular but in some part glands not appressed ......... Key VIII

Key I

1a. Leaves lacking terminal leaflet, rachis apex spinescent; legume nut-form in shape, thickly leathery 131. O. aciphylla

1b. Leaves with a terminal leaflet, rachis ultimately persistent as a thorn; legume vesicular, membranous.

2a. Leaves with 7--11(--13) leaflets; racemes 2--5-flowered; calyx 1--1.4 cm, lobes 2--4 mm ...........................................

........................................................................................................................................................... 132. O. tragacanthoides

2b. Leves with 19--31 leaflets; racemes 1- or 2-flowered; calyx 0.9--1.1 cm, lobes 1.2--2 mm ................ 133. O. hystrix

Key II

1a. Corolla white; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic; calyx lobes 3--4 mm .................................................... 119. O. lhasaensis

1b. Corolla purple, bluish purple, violet, blue, or rarely white; leaflet blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate; calyx lobes 4.5--9 mm.

2a. Plants 10--35 cm tall; calyx lobes 4.5--5 X ca. 1.2 mm ................................................................. 120. O. sericopetala

2b. Plants 7--9 cm tall; calyx lobes 7--9 X ca. 3 mm ................................................................ 121. O. parasericeopetala

Key III

1a. Corolla white, keel beak (0.5--)2.5--3 mm; bracts 5--10 mm ........................................................................... . 28. O. nutans

1b. Corolla yellow, pale yellowish, or rarely red, keel beak 0.2--1 mm; bracts 1.5--7(--8) mm.

2a. Corolla standard 6--7 mm; calyx ca. 4 mm; bracts ca. 1.5 mm ................................................... 40. O. sinkiangensis

2b. Corolla standard 8--17 mm; calyx 5.8--11.4 mm; bracts 2--8 mm.

3a. Bracts ca. 2 mm; corolla standard 0.8--0.9 cm, keel ca. 6.7 mm; legume stipe ca. 7 mm .......................... 44. O. gueldenstaedtioides

3b. Bracts 4--8 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1.7 cm, keel 7--14 mm; legume stipe 0--2 mm.

4a. Calyx 7--10 mm, lobes 3.5--4.5 mm.

5a. Leaves with 11--15 leaflets; peduncle 10--35 cm; legume body 2--3 X 0.6--0.6 cm 42. O. meinshausenii

5b. Leaves with 15--29 leaflets; peduncle 3--12 cm; legume body 1.5--2 X 1--1.5 cm ....... 43. O. pilosa

4b. Calyx 5.8--11.5 mm, lobes 2--8 mm.

6a. Leaflet blades 2.5--3 cm; calyx 5.8--7.2(--8.5) mm .............................................. . 41. O. ochrocephala

6b. Leaflet blades 0.5--2(--3) cm; calyx 6.5--11.5 mm.

7a. Legume body (1--)1.5--2.5 cm; bracts ca. 4 mm ............................................... 45. O. ochroleuca

7b. Legume body 0.8--1.2 cm; bracts 6--7 mm ........................................................ 46. O. kansuensis

Key IV

1a. Plants with impressed yellow glands; leaflets at least moderately spaced; racemes 2--6-flowered; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.4--0.7 mm ......................................................................................................................................... 26. O. tudanensis

1b. Plants non-glandular; leaflets variously arranged; racemes variously flowered; beak of corolla keel various.

2a. Plants (3--)4--10(--12) cm tall.

3a. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades (1--)2--5 mm ............................... 30. O. tianschanica

3b. Leaves 2--8 cm, with 15--25(--29) leaflets; leaflet blades 3--10(--12) mm.

4a. Racemes many-flowered; corolla standard 5--9(--14) mm.

5a. Leaves 5--20 cm; leaflet blades 5--25 X 2--9 mm; peduncle 7--25 cm or more ............ 32. O. deflexa

5b. Leaves 2--5(--8) cm; leaflet blades 3--10(--12) X 1.5--5 mm; peduncle 1.4--6(--8) cm.

6a. Calyx 4--5 mm; corolla standard 5--9 mm, keel beak ca. 0.3 mm ................. 34. O. hirsutiuscula

6b. Calyx 5--7 mm; corolla standard 9--14 mm, keel beak 1.5--2 mm ................. 49. O. dichroantha

4b. Racemes (4--)6--8(--9)-flowered; corolla standard (9--)11--13(--15 mm.

7a. Plants 8--12 cm tall; leaves with (17 or)19 or 21 leaflets; peduncle 7--11 cm; calyx ca. 4 mm; 38. O. chinglingensis

7b. Plants 3--7 cm tall; leaves with 9--19 leaflets; calyx 5--9 mm.

8a. Leaves with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades 7--15 mm; racemes 7--9-flowered; corolla standard 1.2--1.3(--1.5) cm ................................................................................................................ 48. O. hirsuta

8b. Leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades 2.5--6 mm; racemes 2--5-flowered; corolla standard 0.9--1.1 cm ...................................................................................................................... 56. O. latialata

2b. Plants (3--)10--80(--100) cm tall.

9a. Leaves with 21 or more leaflets on at least some leaves (only to 23 leaflets in O. maqinensis and O. xinglongshanica).

10a. Corolla standard 1--1.2 cm; corolla keel beak 0.2--0.5 mm; legume stipe 1.5--2 mm, body 1.2--1.6 cm 47. O. qinghaiensis

10b. Corolla standard (0.5--)0.7--1.5 cm; corolla keel beek, legume stipe, and legume body not simultaneously within same range as above.

11a. Calyx 7.5--11(--11.2) mm; corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm ......................................... 52. O. maqinensis

11b. Calyx (2.2--)4--8(--10) mm; corolla standard (0.5--)0.7--1.5 cm.

12a. Racemes 3--10(--15)-flowered.

13a. Calyx lobes 1.5--2 mm; corolla standard (5--)7--8(--10) mm ......................... 50. O. glabra

13b. Calyx lobes 2.5--4.7 mm; corolla standard (10--)11--14 mm ............... 58. O. melanocalyx

12b. Racemes many-flowered.

14a. Corolla wings (5--)6--7 mm, keel beak 0.2--0.5 mm ........................................ 50. O. glabra

14b. Corolla wings 8--14 mm, keel beak 0.5--2.5 mm.

15a. Leaves 5--6 cm; peduncle ca. 6 cm .................................................... 55. O. densiflora

15b. Leaves (3--)5--20 cm; peduncle mainly over 6 cm.

16a. Corolla standard 0.8--1.2 cm, keel 0.7--0.9 cm; calyx (3--)5--7(--8) mm.

17a. Corolla standard 8--9 mm, keel 8--9 mm ................................. 32. O. deflexa

17b. Corolla standard 8--12 mm, keel 7--8 mm ......................... 57. O. lapponica

16b. Corolla standard 1--1.5 cm, keel (0.9--)1--1.3 cm; calyx (7--)8(--10) mm.

18a. Leaflet blades 14--20 mm; beak of corolla keel 1.5--1.7 mm ............... 54. O. xinglongshanica

18b. Leaflet blades 3--14 mm; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm.

19a. Stipules 10--12 mm................................................... 29. O. penduliflora

19b. Stipules 6--8 mm................................................................ 53. O. giraldii

9b. Leaves with 9--21 leaflets (rarely in 25 leaflets in O. podoloba and O. zekogensis).

20a. Plants 3--4 cm tall; leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets .................................................................. 56. O. latialata

20b. Plants (3--)5--80(--100) cm tall; leaves with (7--)11--21(--29) leaflets.

21a. Plants 3--13 cm tall; racemes 6--9-flowered.

22a. Leaves 1.5--4 cm; leaflet blades 4--7 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1 cm, keel beak short; legume body 1--1.2 cm ..................................................................................................... 31. O. gerzeensis

22b. Leaves 5--9 cm; leaflet blades 7--15 mm; corolla standard 1.2--1.3 cm, keel beak 2.5--3 mm; legume body 1.5--2 cm ............................................................................................. 48. O. hirsuta

21b. Plants (5--)10--80(--100) cm tall; racemes 3--9-flowered or more.

23a. Racemes 3--12-flowered.

24a. Racemes 3--5-flowered, dense or compact .......................................... 39. O. sitaipaiensis

24b. Racemes 3--12-flowered, rather lax.

25a. Corolla keel 1--1.4 cm; stipules ca. 3 mm; bracts ca. 1.5 mm ......... 36. O. taochensis

25b. Corolla keel ca. 0.8 cm; stipules 5--7 mm; bracts 3--6 mm ............ 37. O. zekogensis

23b. Racemes 8- to many-flowered.

26a. Leaflet blades 1.4--2 cm; corolla standard 1.1--1.5 cm, wings 1.1--1.4 cm ............... 54. O. xinglongshanica

26b. Leaflet blades (0.4--)0.5--1.4 cm (but to 2.5 cm in O. glabra); corolla standard (0.5--)0.6--1 cm, wings 5--10 mm.

27a. Calyx 6--8 mm, 3--4 mm .................................................................. 59. O. subpodoloba

27b. Calyx (2.2--)4--5 mm, lobes 1.2--2.5 mm.

28a. Leaves 2--4 cm; peduncle 1.5--3 cm; corolla wings ca. 5.5 mm 35. O. ganningensis

28b. Leaves (3--)5--15 cm; (2--)4.5--20 cm; corolla wings (5--)6--10 mm.

29a. Calyx lobes 2.4--2.5 mm; corolla wings ca. 10 mm; leaflet blades oblong 51. O. podoloba

29b. Calyx lobes 1.2--2 mm; corolla wings (5--)5--8 mm; leaflet blades linear, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic.

30a. Leaflet blades ca. 1 mm wide; racemes (1--)4--7 cm; beak of corolla keel ca. 1.5 mm .................................................................... 33. O. yekenensis

30b. Leaflet blades (1--)3--7 mm wide; racemes 4--7 cm; beak of corolla keel 0.2--0.5 mm .......................................................................... 50. O. glabra

Key V

1a. Leaflets not verticillate.

2a. Stipules ca. 4 mm; racemes 1--3-flowered; calyx with scalelike glands; legume body 1--1.7 cm 25. O. squammulosa

2b. Stipules ca. 10 mm; racemes 5--10-flowered; calyx and/or other herbage usually with dense but not scalelike glands; legume body 2.2--5 cm ............................................................................................................... 27. O. falcata

1b. Leaflets, at least some, verticillate (except in some O. pseudomyriophylla).

3a. Corolla pale or dirty yellow, standard apex acuminulate; stipules hard ............................................ 5. O. muricata

3b. Corolla various puplish, bluish, or violet colors (rarely yellow or white in O. microphylla), standard apex rounded; stipules herbaceous or membranous.

4a. Racemes (6--)8--20-flowered; legume without glands.

5a. Stipules (10--)12--15 mm; calyx 10--13 mm, lobes ca. 2--4 mm; corolla standard 1.9--2.5 cm; legume subglobose, bladdery-inflated, membranous ................................................................ 6. O. trichophysa

5b. Stipules 3.2--4.3 mm; calyx ca. 7.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm; corolla standard ca. 1.7 cm; legume lanceolate-ovoid, not bladdery-inflated, leathery ............................................................... 7. O. pseudomyriophylla

4b. Racemes 3--6-flowered; legume glandular.

6a. Plants (4--)5--15 cm tall; stipules conspicuously white pilose and long persistent; leaflet in (10--)13--27 whorls; leaflet blades 2--3 mm; corolla standard 1.9--2 cm; legume falcately cylindric 8. O. microphylla

6b. Plants 22--35 cm tall; stipules not markedly white pilose or long persistent; leaflet in 3--5 whorls; leaflet blades 5--15 mm; corolla standard ca. 2.2 cm; legume cylindric ...................... 9. O. pseudoglandulosa

Key VI

1a. Plants to 25 cm tall; leaflets 4--24 mm; beak of corolla keel 1.2--1.8 mm; legume sessile .................. . 15. O. ochrantha

1b. Plants to 40 cm tall; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm; legume substipitate or shortly stipitate.

2a. Leaves 10--19 cm; leaflets 1--3 cm, mostly opposite but some verticillate; bracts longer than calyx; corolla yellow, keel beak ca. 1 mm ............................................................................................................ 16. O. ochrolongibracteata

2a. Leaves 5--8 cm; leaflets 0.4--0.7 cm, mostly verticillate; bracts shorter than calyx; corolla white, keel beak ca. 1--1.5 mm ....................................................................................................................................................... 17. O. qamdoensis

Key VII

1a. Beak of corolla keel (1.5)1.8--3.8 mm; leaflets in 12--16(--50) whorls; bracts 8--15 mm ............ 12. O. myriophylla

1b. Beak of corolla keel 1.5--2.5 mm; leaflets in (2 or)3--12 whorls and some or most leaflets merely opposite; bracts 3--10 mm.

2a. Calyx 0.9--1 cm; herbage not glandular; legume stipitate .................................................... 13. O. trichophora

2b. Calyx (1--)1.2--1.7 cm; herbage with appressed yellowish or glandular trichomes; legume sessile 14. O. bicolor

Key VIII

1a. Plants with appressed or yellowish glandular trichomes

2a. Beak of corolla keel (1.5)1.8--3.8 mm; leaflets in 12--16(--50) whorls; bracts 8--15 mm ............ 12. O. myriophylla

2b. Beak of corolla keel 1.5--2.5 mm; leaflets in (2 or)3--12 whorls and some or most leaflets merely opposite; bracts 3--10 mm.

3a. Calyx 0.9--1 cm; herbage not glandular; legume stipitate .................................................... 13. O. trichophora

3b. Calyx (1--)1.2--1.7 cm; herbage with appressed yellowish or glandular trichomes; legume sessile 14. O. bicolor

1b. Plants non-glandular.

4a. Plants caulescent or shortly caulescent (acaulescent in some O. racemosa).

5a. Plants shortly caulescent, stems neither diffuse nor much-branched; racemes 7--10-flowered; leaves 5--14 cm, with 6--13 whorls 4--6 of leaflets ................................................................................................ 21. O. racemosa

5b. Plants definitely caulescent, stems diffuse and often much branched; racemes 1--3-flowered; leaves 3--5 cm, with 2--5 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets .......................................................................................... 23. O. ramosissima

4b. Plants strictly acaulescent.

6a. Plants (1.5--)2--6 cm tall; leaves (0.5--)1--5 cm; racemes 1--3-flowered.

7a. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm, with 6--12 whorls of 4--6 leaflets; corolla standard 1.4--2.2 cm, keel beak 0.5--1.1 mm; plants turf- or cushion-forming ......................................................................................... 22. O. chionobia

7b. Leaves 3--5 cm, with 2--4 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets; corolla standard 2.1--3.2 cm, keel beak ca. 2 mm; plants caespitose ........................................................................................................................ 24. O. langshanica

6a. Plants (3--)5--20(--40) cm tall; leaves (2.5--)3--20(--30) cm; racemes 5--15-flowered or more (few-flowered in O. shanxiensis)

8a. Leaves of 3 kinds, i.e. with a solitary leaflet, with 7--15 opposite leaflets, and with 3 or 4 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets each; corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm .................................................................... 10. O. shanxiensis

8b. Leaves with leaflets in (1--)3--18 whorls or some leaves with leaflets in whorls and others opposite or alternate (if with 3 kinds as above then plants not from Shandong or Shanxi); corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm.

9a. Leaflets in (7--)12--18 whorls; corolla standard (1.4--)1.5--2.5(--3) cm

10a. Corolla standard 2.5--3 cm; legume body 2--2.5 cm ..................................... 18. O. przewalskii

10b. Corolla standard 2--2.5 cm; legume body 1--1.6 cm.

11a. Plants 5--8 cm tall; leaves 5--7 cm; calyx lobes ca. 2 mm .............................. 11. O. lanata

11b. Plants 11--40 cm tall; leaves (5--)10--30 cm; calyx lobes 3.5--4.5 mm 12. O. myriophylla

9b. Leaflets in (1--)3--10 whorls (or not verticillate for some leaves); corolla standard 1.4--1.8(--2.3) cm.

12a. Calyx (1--)1.2--1.7 cm, lobes (2--)3.5--7 mm; corolla standard 1.4--2.3 cm ......... 14. O. bicolor

12b. Calyx 0.6--1 cm, lobes 1--3.5 mm; corolla standard 1.4--1.8 mm.

13a. Leaves 3--6 cm; leaflets in 4 or 5 whorls; peduncle 3--5 cm; calyx 8--10 mm 19. O. pumila

13b. Leaves 7--20(--25) cm; leaflets in (1--)3--9 whorls; peduncle 6--11(--19) cm; calyx 6--8.3(--10) mm .................................................................................................................. 20. O. oxyphylla

Key IX

1a. Leaves with 1 leaflet

2a. Petiole 2--5 cm; corolla light yellow, yellow, yellowish green, red, whitish green, or white; ovary pubescent 129. O. neimonggolica

2b. Petiole 0.5--1 cm; corolla purple; ovary glabrous ....................................................................... 130. O. monophylla

1b. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets.

3a. Leaves with 3 leaflets ......................................................................................................................... 64. O. diversifolia

3b. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets.

4a. Racemes 2 or 3-flowered; corolla white; leaflet blades not more than 4 mm .............................. 82. O. biflora

4b. Racemes with (2 or)3--many-flowered; corolla variously colored (sometimes white in O. argentata but not a Xizang species); leaflet blades at least some greater than 4 mm (only 2--3 mm in O. holanshanensis but not a Xizang species).

5a. Corolla standard ca. 0.7 cm; calyx 2.5--3 mm ........................................................... 95. O. holanshanensis

5b. Corolla standard 1.2--2.6 cm; calyx 6--14 mm.

6a. Racemes much longer than leaves; calyx 6--7 mm ..................................................... 93. O. ladyginii

6b. Racemes shorter to slightly longer than leaves; calyx 8--14 mm.

7a. Racemes dense and many-flowered; corolla standard ca. 1.3 cm, keel beak 0.5--1 mm .. 65. O. maduoensis

7b. Racemes dense and 2--8-flowered or if many-flowered then lax; corolla standard 1.7--2.6 cm, keel beak 1--2.5 mm.

8a. Plants 2--3 cm tall; leaves 1.5--4 cm; leaflets 13--19; legume ca. 1.2 cm 104. O. stracheyana

8a. Plants 5--20 cm tall; leaves 3--15 cm; leaflets 7--25(--31); legume 1.7--2.5 cm.

9a. Calyx 1.2--1.3 cm; corolla standard 1.7--2 cm, apex emarginate ............. 68. O. ciliata

9b. Calyx 0.8--10(--1.2) cm; corolla standard 2--2.6 cm, apex rounded.

10a. Leaves with (9--)19--25(--31); racemes subcompact, 3--5 flowered; beak of corolla keel 2--2.5 mm ....................................................................... 77. O. pseudohirsuta

10b. Leaves with 7--11 leaflets; racemes lax, many-flowered; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm ................................................................................................ 122. O. argentata

Key X

1a. Petals pubescent on outer surfaces.

2a. Plants 10--35 cm tall; leaves 7--20 cm; leaflet blades 0.6--2.5 cm; calyx lobes 4.5--5 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1.2 cm .......................................................................................................................................................... 120. O. sericopetala

2b. Plants 7--9 cm tall; leaves 3--5 cm; leaflet blades 0.8--1.2 cm; calyx lobes 7--9 mm; corolla standard 1.8--2 cm 121. O. parasericeopetala

1b. Petals glabrous on outer surfaces.

3a. Corolla standard auriculate above claw, standard tapering into two auricles at base ............... 62. O. auriculata

3b. Corolla standard tapering (sometimes abruptly) to claw or widened in basal half, not auriculate.

4a. Corolla standard oblong, widened in basal half ...................................................................... 61. O. sichuanica

4b. Corolla standard variously shaped, not widened in basal half.

5a. Corolla standard contracted at middle, tapering at base, lamina obovate ................ 60. O. guinanensis

5b. Corolla standard not contracted at middle, base various, lamina various.

6a. Plants with rigid spreading trichomes ................................................................................. 63. O. hirta

6b. Plants variously glabrous, subglabrous or otherwise pubescent, but not with rigid spreading trichomes (though sometimes with spreading trichomes).

7a. Plants (including leaves and racemes) at tallest point mostly exceeding 10 cm in height Key X-A

7b. Plants (including leaves and racemes) not or seldom exceeding 10 cm in height ..... Key X-B

Key X-A

1a. Corolla standard 0.5--1(--1.1) cm.

2a. Beak of corolla keel 0.5 mm or shorter; calyx 4--7 mm.

3a. Stipules triangular; leaves with 19--29 leaflets; inflorescences 5--14-flowered; peduncle (2.5--)11--19(--30) cm; calyx 5--6 .............................................................................................................................. 113. O. qilianshanica

3b. Stipules linear-lanceolate or ovate; Leaves with 9--19(or 21); inflorescences 6--10-flowered; peduncle 2 or 3 or 4--15 cm; calyx 5--9 mm.

4a. Stipules linear-lanceolate; racemes lax; peduncle 2--3 cm; calyx lobes as long as tube 92. O. avisoides

4b Stipules ovate; racemes compact; peduncle 4--15 cm; calyx lobes shorter than tube 126. O. proboscidea

2b. Beak of corolla keel 1--2.5 mm; calyx 2.5--6(--8) mm.

5a. Racemes compactly globose; beak of corolla keel ca. 2.5 mm ................................................ 89. O. globiflora

5b. Racemes not compactly globose; beak of corolla keel 1--2 mm.

6a. Legume body 5--6 mm .......................................................................................................... 100. O. imbricata

6b. Legume body (5--)8--15 mm.

7a. Peduncle 2--4 X as long as subtending leaves; leaflets more than 29 at least for some leaves.

8a. Peduncle ca. 2 X as long as subtending leaves; corolla standard 5.5--7 mm, apex emarginate; legume body 5--10 mm .......................................................................................... 94. O. filiformis

8b. Peduncle 3--4 X as long as subtending leaves; corolla standard 6--11 mm, apex rounded; legume body 10--15 mm .................................................................................................. 124. O. lehmannii

7b. Peduncle shorter than to somewhat surpassing subtending leaves; leaflets 25 or fewer for all leaves.

9a. Calyx 3--3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm ...................................................................... 97. O. tashkurensis

9b. Calyx (3.5--)4--6 mm, lobes (1--)1.2--3 mm.

10a. Racemes 7--13-flowered; calyx lobes ca. 1.2 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 1.5 mm; legume stipe 2--2.5 mm ....................................................................................... 102. O. fragiliphylla

10b. Racemes 15--20-flowered or many flowered; calyx lobes 2.5--3 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 2 mm; legume stipe (0.7--)1--2 mm.

11a. Stipules 4--5 mm; calyx 5--6 mm, lobes 2.5--3 mm; legume 11--13 X 4.5--5.5 mm ... 67. O. lanceatifoliola

11b. Stipules 5--10 mm; calyx (3.5--)4--5 mm, lobes 1002 mm; legume 8--9 X ca. 3 mm . 90. O. pagobia

1b. Corolla standard (0.7--)1--2.2(--3) cm.

12a. Calyx (9--)10--15 mm; corolla standard (1.5--)1.7--3 cm.

13a. Leaflets more than 31 on at least some leaves; beak of corolla keel ca. 1 mm.

14a. Plants 20--40 cm tall; bracts 7--9 mm; calyx lobes 1--2.2 mm; corolla standard apex slightly emarginate, keel 1.8--2 cm ...................................................................................................................... 115. O. songarica

14b. Plants (6--)10--21 cm tall; bracts 12--15 mm; calyx lobes 3--5 mm; corolla standard apex 2-lobed, keel 1.5--1.7 cm ........................................................................................................................................... 87. O. alpina

13b. Leaflets never more than 29 per leaf; beak of corolla keel (1--)1.5--3 mm.

15a. Racemes 3--13-flowered; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm.

16a. Bracts 4--5 mm; corolla standard 1.8--2 cm; legume 0.7--0.8 mm .......................... 1. O. sacciformis

16b. Bracts 8--18 mm; corolla standard 3.1--2.7 cm; legume ca. 1.5 cm ................ 110. O. latibracteata

15b. Racemes many-flowered; beak of corolla keel 2--3 mm.

17a. Plants 10--18 cm tall; leaves with 13 or 15 leaflets; leaflet blades 0.8--1 cm; corolla standard ca. 1.5 cm, wings 1.2--1.3 cm ........................................................................................... 88. O. pseudofrigida

17b. Plants 20--40 cm tall; leaves with 15--29 leaflets; leaflet blades 1--2.5 cm; corolla standard 2.3--3 cm, wings ca. 2 cm ......................................................................................................... 112. O. grandiflora

12b. Calyx 3--10(--10.5) mm; corolla standard 0.7--1.7(--2) cm.

18a. Racemes 2--8(--10)-flowered.

19a. Corolla standard 1.5--2 cm with an emarginate apex, wings 1.6--1.8 cm, keel ca. 1.3 cm; legume sessile ....................................................................................................................................................... 74. O. anertii

19b. Corolla standard 1.2--1.3 cm with a 2-lobed apex, wings 1--1.2 cm, keel 1--1.1 cm; legume with a 2--4 mm stipe ................................................................................................................................... 81. O. yunnanensis

18b. Racemes many-flowered (5--12-flowered in O. barkolensis).

20a. Leaves 1.5--5 cm, with 11--15 leaflets ......................................................................... 4. O. trichocalycina

20b. Leaves (3--)5--30 cm, with 13--35(--41) leaflets.

21a. Calyx 6.3--10 mm.

22a. Stipules 1.8--2.5 cm; corolla standard 1.4--2 cm, apex emarginate ........... 111. O. barkolensis

22b. Stipules 1--1.7 cm; corolla standard 0.9--1.7 cm, apex rounded.

23a. Stipules ca. 1 cm; leaflet apices acuminate; corolla standard with a broadly oblong limina, wings apically emarginate, keel beak 3--4 mm ............................ 114. O. pseudocoerulea

23b. Stipules 1.4--1.7 cm; leaflet apices acute to subtruncate; corolla standard with a subrotund to broadly ovate lamina, wings apically rounded, keel beak 0.8--1.5 mm .. 116. O. mollis

21b. Calyx 3--7 mm.

24a. Beak of corolla keel 2.2--3 mm ............................................................................ 101. O. caerulea

24b. Beak or corolla keel 0.5--2 mm.

25a. Leaflet blades 1.9--2.8 cm; peduncle 17--40 cm; corolla standard ca. 1.6 cm, keel 1.5--1.6 cm ......................................................................................................................... 86. O. qitaiensis

25b. Leaflet blades 0.3--2 cm; peduncle 10--25 cm; corolla standard 0.7--1 cm, keel 0.8--0.9 cm.

26a. Plants to 30 cm tall; racemes lax; peduncle with sparse appressed white trichomes; calyx 3.6--5 mm; corolla standard 7--10 mm; legume stipitate ....... 96. O. merkensis

26b. Plants only to 12 cm tall; racemes dense; peduncle with spreading white long trichomes; calyx 6--7 mm; corolla standard ca. 10 mm; calyx 6--7 mm; legume sessile ...................................................................................................... 118. O. nangqianensis

Key X-B

1a. Corolla standard (1.3--)1.7--2.6 cm; calyx 8--16 mm.

2a. Plants 10--15 cm tall; legume body 0.6--0.8 cm.

3a. Racemes dense; bracts triangular, 4--5 mm; calyx ca. 1 cm ..................................................... 1. O. sacciformis

3b. Racemes lax; bracts linear, ca. 6 mm; calyx 1.1--1.3 cm ....................................................... 2. O. siziwangensis

2b. Plants 1--10 cm tall; legume body 1--3 cm

4a. Leaves (2--)5--10 cm (1--2 cm in O. leptophylla var. turbinata).

5a. Leaflets 13--21; corolla wings ca. 1.5 cm; legume body oblong .............................. 76. O. moellendorffii

5b. Leaflets 5--13; corolla wings 1.8--2 cm; legume body ovoid.

6a. Leaves with 5--9 leaflets; corolla standard 2--3 cm with a subelliptic lamina, keel ca. 1.8 cm; legume ca. 0.8 cm wide .................................................................................................................. 71. O. inschanica

6b. Leaves with 9--13 leaflets; corolla 1.8--2.3 cm with a subrotund lamina, keel 1.5--1.7 cm; legaume 1.2--1.5 cm wide .................................................................................................................. 72. O. leptophylla

42b. Leaves 2--6 cm.

7a. Leaves with 21--27 leaflets; corolla standard apically 2-lobed and reflexed ................ 73. O. wutaiensis

7b. Leaves with 5--21 leaflets; corolla standard apically emarginate (sometimes 2-lobed in O. rupifraga) and not reflexed.

8a. Leaves with 15--21 leaflets; leaflet blades 1--2 mm wide; calyx 0.8--1.2 cm; corolla standard 1.5--2 cm, wings 1-1.6 cm, keel beak ca. 1 mm .......................................................................... 127. O. rupifraga

8b. Leaves with 5--15 leaflets; leaflet blades (1.5--)2--4 mm wide; calyx (1--)1.2--1.6 cm; corolla standard (1.8--)2--2.6 cm, wings 1.7--2.5 cm, keel beak 1.5--3 mm.

9a. Racemes only 2- or 3-flowered; bracts 3--6 mm; leaves with 7--11 .................. 69. O. poncinsii

9b. Racemes 1--7-flowers; bracts 6--14 mm; leaves with 7--15 leaflets.

10a. Plants 1--3 cm tall; leaves with 5--11 leaflets; bracts 0.6--1 cm; corolla keel 1.5--1.7 cm, beak 2--3 mm .......................................................................................................... 70. O. eriocarpa

10b. Plants (1--)3--8 cm tall; leaves with 9--15 leaflets; bracts 1--1.4 cm; corolla keel 1.7--1.8 cm, beak 1.5--3 mm ................................................................................................ 75. O. assiensis

1b. Corolla standard 0.5--1.3(--1.4) cm; calyx 3--9(--1.5) mm.

11a. Racemes many-flowered (few to ca. 10 in O. immersa).

12a. Calyx 9--15 mm; corolla standard 1--1.4 cm; beak of corolla keel 2.5--3 mm .................. 4. 0. trichocalycina

12b. Calyx 3--8 mm; corolla standard 0.6--1.3 cm; beak of corolla keel (0.3--)1--2 mm.

13a. Leaves with 5--9(--15) leaflets ....................................................................................................... 3. O. bella

13b. Leaves with 13--21(--25) leaflets.

14a. Keel of corolla beak 0.3--0.5 mm.

15a. Leaves with 15--21 leaflets; apex of corolla standard emarginate; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.3 mm ..................................................................................................................... 66. O. linearibracteata

15b. Leaves with at least some with 21--25 leaflets; apex of corolla standard subrounded; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.5 mm ............................................................................................. 109. O. valerii

14b. Keel of corolla beak (0.7--)1--2 mm.

16a. Racemes rather globose; corolla standard 7--8.5 mm, wings 7--8 mm ............ 90. O. pagobia

16b. Racemes ± elongate; corolla standard 9--11 mm, wings 9.5--12 mm.

17a. Stipules ca. 1 cm; corolla wings 10--12 mm, keel beak ca. 2 mm ........ 105. O. longialata

17b. Stipules 5--6 mm; corolla wings ca. 9.5 mm, keel beak ca. 1 mm ............ 128. O. immersa

11b. Racemes (1- or)2--10-flowered.

18a. Calyx 3--3.4 mm, lobes 1/2 or more as long as tube.

19a. Leaves ca. 5 cm; calyx lobes ca. 3 mm; corolla purple, standard 6.5--7.5 mm .......... 84. O. yanchiensis

19b. Leaves 1--2 cm; calyx lobes ca. 1.6 mm; corolla red, standard 7--8 mm .......... 103. O. tukemansuensis

18b. Calyx (3--)4--9 mm, lobes 1/4--1/2 as long as tube.

20a. Leaves with 21--25-leaflets; legume linear in profile .................................................. 123. O. malloryana

20b. Leaves variously with 9--25(--29) leaflets; legume various but seldom if ever linear in profile.

21a. Racemes (2--)5--10-flowered; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.5 mm (ca. 1.5 mm in O. reniformis).

22a. Leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets.

23a. Peduncle ca. 2 X as long as leaves; calyx 0.8--1 cm; leaves 1.5--2.5 cm; leaflet blades 3--4 mm ................................................................................................................. 91. O. baxoiensis

23b. Peduncle as long as leaves; calyx 1.1--1.3 cm; leaves 3--4 cm; leaflet blades 4--7 mm 117. O. reniformis

22b. Leaves with (9 or)11--19(or 21) leaflets.

24a. Corolla standard 5--8 mm; leaves 1--3 cm; legume body 0.9--1.2 cm ......... 107. O. densa

24b. Corolla standard 8--13 mm; leaves 2--7 cm; legume body 1.3--2.5 cm . 108. O. humifusa

21b. Racemes 2--5(--8)-flowered; beak of corolla keel 0.3--1(--1.5) mm.

253a. Corolla standard 0.9--1.5(--2.1) cm, keel beak 1--1.6 mm.

26a. Leaves 0.5--1.5 cm; peduncle ca. 2 X as long as leaves .................. 106. O. vermicularis

26b. Leaves (0.8--)2--8 cm; peduncle subequal to leaves or only slightly surpassing them.

27a. Peduncle 4--10 cm; legume body 4--7 mm in wide ........................... 128. O. immersa

27b. Peduncle 0.5--5(--6.5) mm; legume body 3--4 mm wide.

28a. Racemes lax; calyx 4--6 mm, lobes ca. 1.5 mm; legume with a 2--3 mm stipe, body ca. 1 cm .............................................................................................. 99. O. krylovii

28b. Racemes compact; calyx 6---9(--13) mm, lobes 1.5--4 mm; legume sessile or substipitate, body 1--2 cm.

29a. Calyx lobes 1.5--1.7 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1.3 cm, apex emarginate 78. O. platysema

29b. Calyx lobes (1.8--)3--4 mm; corolla standard 1--1.5(--2.1) cm, apex 2-lobed ................................................................................................ 83. O. pauciflora

25b. Corolla standard 0.5--1 cm, keel beak 0.3--1 mm.

30a. Peduncle longer than leaves; calyx ca. 4(--4.8) mm; legume body ca. 13 X 5 mm . 98. O. saposhnikovii

30b. Peduncle shorter than, subequal too, or only slightly surpassing leaves; calyx 3--6 mm; legume body 5--12 X 2--3 mm (unknown in O. cinerascens).

31a. Corolla standard 5--7(--8) mm, keel beak 0.3--0.4 mm.

32a. Leaves 2--7 cm; peduncle equaling leaves; legume 10--12 mm, shortly stipitate .............................................................................................................. 79. O. pusilla

32b. Leaves 1--2 cm; peduncle less than 1 cm; legume 5--6 mm, stipe as long as calyx tube .................................................................................. 80. O. brevipedunculata

31b. Corolla standard 6--10 mm, keel beak 0.5--1 mm.

33a. Plants 7--10 cm tall; leaves 2.5--6 cm; peduncle about equaling leaves; bracts ca. 3 mm ............................................................................................... 85. O. cinerascens

33b. Plants 3--5 cm tall; leaves 0.5--3 cm; peduncle somewhat surpassing leaves; bracts 1--1.5 mm ...................................................................... 125. O. savellanica

Key to subgenera:

1a. Shrublets, usually pulvinate; leaf rachises and petioles persistent (species nos. 131--133) ...........................................

.................................................................................................................................................... 3. O. subgen. Traganthoxytropis

1b. Herbs, perennial; leaf rachises not persistent but petioles sometimes persistent.

2a. Legume enveloped by calyx, indehiscent (species nos. 1--4) ...................................... 1. O. subgen. Ptiloxytropis

2b. Legume exserted from calyx, dehiscent when mature (species nos. 5--130) .................... 2. O. subgen. Oxytropis

1. OXYTROPIS subgen. PTILOXYTROPIS Bunge in Boissier, Fl. Orient. 2: 502. 1872.

柔毛棘豆亚属 rou mao ji dou ya shu

Herbs, acaulescent, markedly pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate, with 5--15 leaflets; rachis not persistent as a spine. Racemes dense or lax, 3- to many-flowered. Flowers 0.7--2 cm. Calyx long-lobed; lobes 1/2--2 X as long as tube. Corolla bluish violet, purple, rose, reddish purple, or white. Legume 6--9 mm, included within calyx tube but sometimes splitting tube, indehiscent.

Two sections and five species: China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; two sections and four species (two endemic) in China.

1a. Calyx inflated at anthesis, lobes shorter than tube (species nos. 1--2) .......................................... 1. O. sect. Mongolia

1b. Calyx not inflated at anthesis, lobes as long or longer than tube (species nos. 3--4) ........... 2. O. sect. Ptiloxytropis

1. Oxytropis sect. Mongolia H. C. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 311. 1982.

长梗组 chang geng zu

Herbs, 10--15 cm tall, acaulescent. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 3--10-flowered; peduncle typically longer than leaves. Calyx inflated at late anthesis; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla standard 1.8--2 cm.

Two species: endemic to China.

1a. Racemes dense; bracts triangular, 4--5 mm; calyx ca. 1 cm ..................................................................... 1. O. sacciformis

1b. Racemes lax; bracts linear, ca. 6 mm; calyx 1.1--1.3 cm ....................................................................... 2. O. siziwangensis

1. Oxytropis sacciformis H. C. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 311. 1982.

囊萼棘豆 nang e ji dou

Herbs, 10--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multicipital caudex. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 1.5 cm X 2 mm, scarious, with long stout trichomes, basally connate. Leaves 1.5--8 cm, with 7--17 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, ovate, or elliptic, 3--20 X 1--2 mm, with appressed dense stout trichomes. Racemes dense, 3--10-flowered; peduncle 6--12 cm; bracts triangular, 4--5 X ca. 2 mm, with long stout trichomes. Calyx cylindric, becoming somewhat inflated, ca. 10 X 3 mm, with dense long stout trichomes; lobes subulate, 3--5 X ca. 0.5 mm, to 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla bluish violet; standard 1.8--2 cm, lamina spatulate, apex rounded to slightly emarginate; wings 1.5--1.7 cm, lamina obovate; keel ca. 1.4 cm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 7--8 X ca. 4 mm, enveloped by calyx after anthesis, with dense whitish stout trichomes. Fl. Sep, fr. Sep.

* Sand dunes on slopes; elevation unknown. Nei Mongol (Ulanqab Meng).

2. Oxytropis siziwangensis Y. Z. Zhao & Zong Y. Zhu, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Neimenggol 26: 721. 1995.

四子王棘豆 si zi wang ji dou

Herbs, to ca. 10 cm tall, acaulescent, from a shortly branched multi-headed caudex. Stipules membranous, white hirsute, basally adnate to petiole. Leaves 1.5--8 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; leaflet blades linear-lanceolate, 8--15 X 1--4 mm, abaxially densely appressed white pilose, adaxially glabrous or laxly appressed white pilose, base attenuate to narrowly cuneate. Racemes lax, 3--10-flowered; peduncle 5--9 cm, densely hirsute with spreading white stout trichomes; bracts linear, ca. 6 X 2 mm, glabrous or adaxially with appressed to spreading white stout trichomes. Calyx cylindric or finally somewhat inflated, 11--13 X ca. 3 mm, externally hirsute; lobes subulate, 3--4 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla bluish violet; standard ca. 2 cm, lamina obovate, apex slightly emarginate; wings ca. 1.7 cm; keel ca. 1.5 cm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, ca. 6 X 4 mm, densely appressed whitish pilose, septum narrow. Fl. Jul, fr. unknown.

* Sandy areas; elevation unknown. Nei Mongol (Ulanqab Meng).

2. Oxytropis sect. Ptiloxytropis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 46. 1874.

柔毛棘豆组 rou mao ji dou zu

Herbs, 3--12 cm tall, acaulescent. Calyx not inflated at anthesis; lobes as long or ± longer than tube. Corolla standard 0.7--1.4 cm.

Three species: China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; two species (none endemic) in China.

1a. Calyx (4.5--)6--8 mm, lobes ± as long as tube; corolla standard (0.6--)0.7--0.9 cm, keel beak (0.3--)1 mm ... 3. O. bella

1b. Calyx 9--15 mm, lobes ca. 2 X as long as tube; corolla standard 1--1.4 cm, keel beak 2.5--3 mm 4. O. trichocalycina

3. Oxytropis bella B. Fedtschenko ex O. Fedtschenko, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21: 303. 1903.

美丽棘豆 mei li ji dou

Oxytropis trichosphaera Freyn.

Herbs, 3--7(--9.5) cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, caespitose, densely gray pubescent. Stipules with a lanceolate-triangular and ca. 3 X 2 mm free part, scarious, pubescent, adnate to petioles only at base. Leaves (1--)1.5--6 cm, with 5--9(--15) leaflets; petioles and rachis with spreading trichomes; leaflet blades linear to lanceolate-oblong, (3--)5--10 X 1--3 mm, both surfaces densely white pilose. Racemes 1--3 cm, compact, many-flowered; peduncle 2.5--7.5 cm, as long as or longer than leaves, with white fine trichomes; bracts triangular, 3--5 X 1--2 mm, with appressed trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, not inflated, (4.5--)6--8 X 2--4 mm, with spreading dense white trichomes; lobes subulate, (2--)3--4 X ca. 0.5 mm, subequal to tube. Corolla purple, rose-red, or violet; standard (6--)7--9 mm, lamina orbicular, apex rounded to emarginate; wings lamina obovate, 6.5--8 mm; keel subequal to wings, beak ca. (0.3--)1 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body ovoid, (4--)6--8 X 2--3(--5) mm, sometimes enveloped by calyx or sometimes or splitting calyx, with dense whitish long trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jun--Jul.

Sandy areas, and alpine gravelly areas; 3800--4300 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

4. Oxytropis trichocalycina Bunge ex Boissier, Fl. Orient. 2: 502. 1872.

毛齿棘豆 mao chi ji dou

Herbs, 3--12 cm tall, acaulescent, from a short multi-headed caudex. Stipules subulate to linear-lanceolate with an awl-shaped linear free part, lanate with white soft trichomes, adnate to petioles nearly to middle, not connate. Leaves 1.5--5 cm, with 11--15 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading dense cottonlike trichomes; leaflet blades linear-lanceolate, 3--11 mm, dense, both surfaces densely sericeous-lanate. Racemes compact, many-flowered; peduncle longer than leaves, with densely and softly shortly lanate-pubescent mixed with sparse long trichomes; bracts linear-subulate, 5--10 mm, with soft lanate pubescence. Calyx campanulate, not inflated, 0.9--1.5 cm, densely lanate with spreading soft trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, ca. 2 X as long as tube, densely plumose. Corolla purple; standard 1--1.4 cm, lamina oblong-ovate, apex rounded to retuse; wings slightly shorter than standard; keel subequal to wings, beak long awl-shaped and 2.5--3 mm. Legume sessile, oblong-ovoid, 7--9 X 2.5--3 mm, inflated, thinly leathery, included in calyx, 1-locular, 2-seeded, with appressed white short trichomes, beak ca. 2 mm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. May--Jun.

South facing slopes, in gravelly areas; elevation unknown. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

2. OXYTROPIS subgen. OXYTROPIS

棘豆亚属 ji dou ya shu

Aragallus Necker ex Greene.

Herbs, caulescent or acaulescent, either with both glands and trichomes or only trichomes. Stipules free or adnate to petioles. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets alternate, opposite, or whorled (verticillate). Corolla varying in color, large- to medium-sized. Legume exserted from calyx, dehiscent when mature, adaxial septum and sometime abaxial septum developed.

About 20 sections and ca. 250 species; 18 sections and 127 species (69 endemic) in China.

1a. Leaves with 1 leaflet (species nos. 129--130) ........................................................................... 18. O. sect. Neimonggolia

1b. Leaves with 3- to many-leaflets.

2a. Leaflets verticillate or both verticillate and opposite.

3a. Plants with glands; leaflets verticillate (species nos. 5--9) ............................................. 3. O. sect. Polyadena

3b. Plants without glands; leaflets verticillate and opposite (species nos. 10--24) .............. 4. O. sect. Baicalia

2b. Leaflets opposite on rachis, or sometimes from alternate or subopposite, not verticillate.

4a. Plants with glands.

5a. Plants with conspicuous, persistent, stramineous petioles clothing caudex apices (species no. 25) 5. O. sect. Leucopodia

5b. Plants lacking persistent petioles at caudex apices (species nos. 26--27) ........ 6. O. sect. Falcicarpha

4b. Plants without glands.

6a. Plants caulescent, with conspicuous internodes.

7a. Corolla standard lamina usually orbicular, not contracted in middle, not widened at basal half, and without auricles (species nos. 28--59) .............................................................. 7. O. sect. Mesogaea

7b. Corolla standard lamina obovate, oblong, or ovate-triangular.

8a. Corolla standard lamina spatulate, base tapering, middle contracted hence becoming 3-lobed (species no. 60) ...................................................................................... 8. O. sect. Dolichanthos

8b. Corolla standard lamina oblong or ovate-triangular, base widened or tapering into 2 auricles.

9a. Corolla standard lamina oblong widened in basal half, base widened and without auricles, apex emarginate (species no. 61) ....................................................... 9. O. sect. Sichuania

9b. Corolla standard ovate-triangular, base auriculate, apex obliquely cuneate (species no. 62) .................................................................................................................. 10. O. sect. Auricula

6b. Plants acaulescent, without conspicuous internodes or only exceptionally caulescent.

10a. Plants hirsute with spreading coarse long straight rigid trichomes; leaves 10--15 cm, with leaflets 1--5 cm (species no. 63) 11. O. sect. Brachytropis

10b. Plants glabrous, with spreading trichomes, or densely pubescent but not hirsute; leaves never 10--15 cm, with leaflets to 1--5 cm.

11a. Corolla standard, and keel pubescent on outer surface (species nos. 119--121) . 16. O. sect. Sericeopetala

11b. Corolla standard and and keel not pubescent on any surface.

12a. Plants glabrous or with spreading trichomes; leaflet blades whitish green.

13a. Legume membranous; peduncle ± as long as leaves (species nos. 64--85) 12. O. sect. Xerobia

13b. Legume scarious; peduncle much longer than leaves (species nos. 86--102) 13. O. sect. Eumorpha

12b. Plants densely pubescent; leaflet blades yellowish gray or whitish gray.

14a. Plants covered with whitish gray trichomes; leaflet blades whitish gray (species nos. 122--128) ............................................................................................ 17. O. sect. Orobia

14b. Plants with yellowish gray or yellowish brown trichomes; leaflet blades yellowish gray or yellowish brown.

15a. Peduncle 5--9 cm (species nos. 103--109) ......................... 14. O. sect. Janthina

15b. Peduncle 2--38 cm (species nos. 110--118) ..................... 15. O. sect. Oxytropis

3. Oxytropis sect. Polyadena Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 152. 1874.

多腺棘豆组 duo xian ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent, glandular. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets verticillate. Racemes 3- to many-flowered; peduncle 2--25 cm, shorter to longer than leaves. Corolla blue purple, purple, or yellow. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, with 15--35 ovules. Legume usually inflated, 1- or ± 2-locular.

Seven species: Russia, Himalayas, Mongolia, China; five species (two endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla pale or dirty yellow, standard apex acuminulate; stipules hard .................................................... 5. O. muricata

1b. Corolla various puplish, bluish, or violet colors (rarely yellow or white in O. microphylla), standard apex rounded; stipules herbaceous or membranous.

2a. Racemes (6--)8--20-flowered; legume without glands.

3a. Stipules (10--)12--15 mm; calyx 10--13 mm, lobes ca. 2--4 mm; corolla standard 1.9--2.5 cm; legume subglobose, bladdery-inflated, membranous ............................................................................................... 6. O. trichophysa

3b. Stipules 3.2--4.3 mm; calyx ca. 7.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm; corolla standard ca. 1.7 cm; legume lanceolate-ovoid, not bladdery-inflated, leathery ................................................................................... 7. O. pseudomyriophylla

2b. Racemes 3--6-flowered; legume glandular.

4a. Plants (4--)5--15 cm tall; stipules conspicuously white pilose and long persistent; leaflet in (10--)13--27 whorls; leaflet blades 2--3 mm; corolla standard 1.9--2 cm; legume falcately cylindric ................. 8. O. microphylla

4b. Plants 22--35 cm tall; stipules not markedly white pilose or long persistent; leaflet in 3--5 whorls; leaflet blades 5--15 mm; corolla standard ca. 2.2 cm; legume cylindric .......................................... 9. O. pseudoglandulosa

5. Oxytropis muricata (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 86. 1802.

糙荚棘豆 cao jia ji dou

Phaca muricata Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 746. 1776; Astragalus muricata (Pallas) Pallas.

Herbs, 5--12 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules with a lanceolate-subulate free part, densely yellowish villous with appressed long trichomes, glandular, adnate to petioles nearly to middle. Leaves 5--12(--20) cm; rachis with sparse trichomes and yellow glands; leaflets verticillate, in 15--18(--25) whorls, ca. 4 blades per whorl or rarely 2 and opposite; leaflet blades linear, lanceolate, or oblong, 4--6 X 1--2 mm, both surfaces with yellow glands, adaxially with appressed white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes elongate, lax, several- to many-flowered; peduncle as long or shorter than leaves, with appressed long trichomes and glands; bracts broadly lanceolate, ca. 10 X 3 mm, with appressed dense yellow glands, apex acute. Calyx cylindric, 0.9--1.1 cm, with brown trichomes and pale yellow glands; lobes triangular, 2--3 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla pale to dirty yellow; standard 2.2--2.5 X ca. 0.7 cm, lamina elliptic-lanceolate, apex acuminulate; wings 1.7--2 X ca. 0.3 cm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume cylindric-tapering, 2--2.5 X 0.4--0.6 cm, leathery, ± 2-locular, glabrous and glandular, beak ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul. 2n = 32.

Hillsides; elevation unknown. Ningxia [N Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].

6. Oxytropis trichophysa Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 158. 1874.

毛泡棘豆 mao pao ji dou

Herbs, 12--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming, clothed with many persistent stipules and leaves. Stipules with a lanceolate free part, (10--)12--15 X 3--5 mm, membranous, glandular and glabrous or strigose, adnate to petiole base, connate-sheathing, margin densely white ciliate with stout trichomes, apex acuminate. Leaves (4--)5--12.5(--18) cm; petiole 1--4.5 cm; petiole and rachis firm, sparingly and finely spreading villous and tubercular-glandular; leaflets verticillate, in 12--28 whorls, 4--6 blades per whorl; leaflet blades oblong-ovate to ovate, 2--5(--7) X 0.8--1.5 mm, slightly thickened, glabrous or with sparse short trichomes. Racemes subcapitate to elongate, (6--)8--20-flowered; peduncle 7--13 cm, shorter to ± equalling leaves, with spreading trichomes and glandular; bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, (5--)6--8 X 1--2 mm, herbaceous, with spreading white and black trichomes and glands, apex acute. Calyx cylindric, 10--13 X ca. 3 mm, slightly inflated, with appressed black and white trichomes and glands; lobes lanceolate, 2--4 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla violet to purple; standard 1.9--2.5 cm, lamina suborbicular to obliquely spatulate, apex rounded; wings 1.8--2.1 cm, lamina obliquely triangular-spatulate, apex emarginate; keel 1.7--2 cm, beak 2--3.3 mm. Legume subsessile; body bladdery inflated, 1.6--2 cm, membranous, whitish and blackish villous and with glands, beak 2--3 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.

Gravelly slope and valleys; elevation unknown. Gansu, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia (W Siberia)].

7. Oxytropis pseudomyriophylla S. H. Cheng ex X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 74: 127. 1999.

拟多叶棘豆 ni duo ye ji dou

Herbs, 10--25(--30) cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple to copiously branched multi-headed caudex. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3.2--4.3 X 1.7--2.6 mm, herbaceous to membranous, with rigid trichomes, highly adnate to petiole, veins conspicuous. Leaves 12--15 cm, with yellowish brown trichomes; leaflets verticillate or opposite, in 15--27 whorls or pairs, 2--4 blades per node; leaflet blades narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic, 6--9 X 2--2.5 mm, both surfaces with dense glandular trichomes. Racemes elongate, lax, (5--)8--20-flowered; peduncle 7--25 cm, much surpassing leaves; bracts ovate, ca. 6.5 X 2.5 mm, with yellowish brown trichomes and glands. Calyx cylindric, ca. 7.5 X 3 mm, with yellowish brown trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 1 X 0.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard ca. 1.7 X 0.4 cm, lamina narrowly obovate, apex rounded; wings ca. 1.6 cm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel ca. 1.2 cm, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume sessile; body lanceolate-ovoid, leathery, with glandular trichomes. Fl. May--Sep, fr. May--Sep.

* Hillsides, roadsides along fields; 1400--2600 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi.

8. Oxytropis microphylla (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 83. 1802.

小叶棘豆 xiao ye ji dou

Phaca microphylla Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 4: 744. 1776; Astragalus microphyllus (Pallas) Pallas (1800), not Linnaeus (1753); Oxytropis chiliophylla Royle ex Bentham; O. grenardii Franchet; O. ingrata Freyn; O. microphylla J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Bunge (1874), not (Pallas) Candolle (1802); O. polyadenia Freyn; O. tibetica Bunge.

Herbs, (4--)5--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Branches conspicuously white villous-pilose, with persistent stipules at base. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 5 X 1.5 mm, membranous, densely yellowish villous or with spreading to ascending whitish trichomes and with glands, basally connate. Leaves (2--)4--6(--7) cm; leaflets verticillate, in (10--)13--27 whorls; leaflet blades lanceolate-ovate to narrowly elliptic, 2--3 X 0.5--1 mm. Racemes compact to rather lax, becoming 2--5 cm, 3--6-flowered; peduncle 2--5(--7) cm, shorter to longer than leaves, densely villous and with glands; bracts triangular, 7--8 X 2--3 mm, villous and with glands. Calyx cylindric, 9--10 X ca. 3 mm, whitish and blackish villous and with glands; lobes subulate, 2--2.7 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla purple, pink, bluish purple, light bluish violet, violet, yellow, or white; standard 1.9--2 cm, lamina elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.5--1.7 cm, lamina obovate, apex retuse; keel 1.3--1.5 cm, beak 1--1.6(--2) mm. Legume sessile or subsessile; body falcate-oblong in profile, (1.2--)1.7--3 X 0.5--0.7 cm, erect-ascending, abaxially deeply sulcate, whitish and blackish villous or glabrous and tubercular glandular. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16, 16+2B.

Hillsides, valley slopes, gravelly river terracees, hillsides in Stipa grasslands, ice terraces, high elevation grasslands, Carex-Arinaria communities in stony open limestone areas, sandy areas, Caragana scrub; 2700--5200 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan].

9. Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa Gontscharov ex Grubov, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR. 17: 18. 1955.

拟腺棘豆 ni xian ji dou

Herbs, 22--35 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Branches clothed with marcescent stipules. Stipules lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 0.8--1.4 cm, thinly membranous, densely pilose, basally adnate to petiole, shortly connate, apex subulate-acuminate to obtuse. Leaves 3--20 cm; petiole 1--5 cm; leaflets verticillate, in 3--5 whorls; leaflet blades linear to linear-oblong, 0.5--1.5 cm, abaxially tubercular glandulular. Racemes rather lax, 3--6-flowered; peduncle 6--13 cm, subequal to leaves, with spreading trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 1.1--1.5 cm, with appressed black and white trichomes and with glandular trichomes; lobes 3--4 mm. Corolla purple; standard ca. 2.2 cm, lamina elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.6--1.8 cm; keel ca. 1.6 cm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume cylindric. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.

* Sandy areas along Qinghai Lake; 3000--3100 m. Qinghai.

4. Oxytropis sect. Baicalia Steller ex Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 135. 1874.

轮叶棘豆组 lun ye ji dou zu

Oxytropis sect. Arenicola C. W. Chang.

Herbs, acaulescent or caulescent, non-glandular (except for glands between leaflets and sometimes on bracts but glands indicated for O. myriophylla, O. lanata, and O. bicolor). Leaves with leaflets verticillate or verticillate and opposite. Racemes single- to many-flowered; peduncle 3--20 cm. Legume (unknown in O. shanxiensis) sessile or shortly stipitate; body ovoid-oblong, ovoid, or globose, 1--2.5 cm, usually inflated, 1 or ± 2-locular, with 15--35 seeds.

About 38 species: Afghanistan, China, Himalayas, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, North America, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; 15 species (8 endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla yellow, yellowish white, or white.

2a. Plants to 25 cm tall; leaflets 4--24 mm; beak of corolla keel 1.2--1.8 mm; legume sessile .......... . 15. O. ochrantha

2b. Plants to 40 cm tall; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm; legume substipitate or shortly stipitate.

3a. Leaves 10--19 cm; leaflets 1--3 cm, mostly opposite but some verticillate; bracts longer than calyx; corolla yellow, keel beak ca. 1 mm ...................................................................................... 16. O. ochrolongibracteata

3a. Leaves 5--8 cm; leaflets 0.4--0.7 cm, mostly verticillate; bracts shorter than calyx; corolla white, keel beak ca. 1--1.5 mm ......................................................................................................................................... 17. O. qamdoensis

1b. Corolla various purplish, bluish, reddish, or violet colors and usually 2-colored (rarely white in O. oxyphylla).

4a. Plants with appressed or yellowish glandular trichomes

5a. Beak of corolla keel (1.5)1.8--3.8 mm; leaflets in 12--16(--50) whorls; bracts 8--15 mm .... 12. O. myriophylla

5b. Beak of corolla keel 1.5--2.5 mm; leaflets in (2 or)3--12 whorls and some or most leaflets merely opposite; bracts 3--10 mm.

6a. Calyx 0.9--1 cm; herbage not glandular; legume stipitate ............................................ 13. O. trichophora

6b. Calyx (1--)1.2--1.7 cm; herbage with appressed yellowish or glandular trichomes; legume sessile 14. O. bicolor

4b. Plants non-glandular.

7a. Plants caulescent or shortly caulescent (acaulescent in some O. racemosa).

8a. Plants shortly caulescent, stems neither diffuse nor much-branched; racemes 7--10-flowered; leaves 5--14 cm, with 6--13 whorls 4--6 of leaflets ................................................................................. 21. O. racemosa

8b. Plants definitely caulescent, stems diffuse and often much branched; racemes 1--3-flowered; leaves 3--5 cm, with 2--5 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets ........................................................................... 23. O. ramosissima

7b. Plants strictly acaulescent.

9a. Plants (1.5--)2--6 cm tall; leaves (0.5--)1--5 cm; racemes 1--3-flowered.

10a. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm, with 6--12 whorls of 4--6 leaflets; corolla standard 1.4--2.2 cm, keel beak 0.5--1.1 mm; plants turf- or cushion-forming .................................................................. 22. O. chionobia

10b. Leaves 3--5 cm, with 2--4 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets; corolla standard 2.1--3.2 cm, keel beak ca. 2 mm; plants caespitose .................................................................................................... 24. O. langshanica

9a. Plants (3--)5--20(--40) cm tall; leaves (2.5--)3--20(--30) cm; racemes 5--15-flowered or more (few-flowered in O. shanxiensis)

11a. Leaves of 3 kinds, i.e. with a solitary leaflet, with 7--15 opposite leaflets, and with 3 or 4 whorls of 3 or 4 leaflets each; corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm ..................................................... 10. O. shanxiensis

11b. Leaves with leaflets in (1--)3--18 whorls or some leaves with leaflets in whorls and others opposite or alternate (if with 3 kinds as above then plants not from Shandong or Shanxi); corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm.

12a. Leaflets in (7--)12--18 whorls; corolla standard (1.4--)1.5--2.5(--3) cm

13a. Corolla standard 2.5--3 cm; legume body 2--2.5 cm ............................. 18. O. przewalskii

13b. Corolla standard 2--2.5 cm; legume body 1--1.6 cm.

14a. Plants 5--8 cm tall; leaves 5--7 cm; calyx lobes ca. 2 mm ...................... 11. O. lanata

14b. Plants 11--40 cm tall; leaves (5--)10--30 cm; calyx lobes 3.5--4.5 mm 12. O. myriophylla

12b. Leaflets in (1--)3--10 whorls (or not verticillate for some leaves); corolla standard 1.4--1.8(--2.3) cm.

15a. Calyx (1--)1.2--1.7 cm, lobes (2--)3.5--7 mm; corolla standard 1.4--2.3 cm . 14. O. bicolor

15b. Calyx 0.6--1 cm, lobes 1--3.5 mm; corolla standard 1.4--1.8 mm.

16a. Leaves 3--6 cm; leaflets in 4 or 5 whorls; peduncle 3--5 cm; calyx 8--10 mm . 19. O. pumila

16b. Leaves 7--20(--25) cm; leaflets in (1--)3--9 whorls; peduncle 6--11(--19) cm; calyx 6--8.3(--10) mm ........................................................................................... 20. O. oxyphylla

10. Oxytropis shanxiensis X. Y. Zhu, Nord. J. Bot. 23: 279. 2003.

山西棘豆 shan xi ji dou

Herbs, 7--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a short few-headed caudex. Stipules narrowly triangular, 7--11 X 1--2 mm, herbaceous, with white trichomes, adnate to petiole base, apical ca. 2/3 free. Leaves 5--13 cm, of 3 types. First type with leaves 1-foliolate eophylls (early produced leaves); petiole 1.3--2.6 cm; leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.5--1.7 X ca. 0.5 cm, apex acute. Second type with leaves several-foliate, to 13 cm, with 7--15 leaflets; leaflets opposite; leaflet blade apices acuminate to acute. Third type with leaves verticillate; leaflets in 3 to 4 whorls, 3 or 4 blades per whorl; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 6--10 X 0.5--1 mm. Racemes few-flowered; peduncle 3--16 cm, curved when young, soft, shorter than leaves at anthesis but almost as long as leaves in fruit; bracts narrowly ovate, 2.5--4.5 X 0.5--1 mm, with white trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 7--9 mm, with white trichomes; tube 4--4.5 mm; lobes subulate, 3--4 X ca. 0.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard 1.5--1.6 X 0.5--0.6 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1.2 cm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel 1.1--1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Ovary pubescent. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun--Aug.

* Grasslands on hillsides; elevation unknown. Shandong, Shanxi.

11. Oxytropis lanata (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 89. 1802.

绵毛棘豆 mian mao ji dou

Phaca lanata Pallas, Reis Russ. Reich. 3: 746. 1776.

Herbs, 5--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a much-branched multi-headed caudex, tuft- or mat-forming, clothed with marcescent stipules, sericeous. Stipules membranous, adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--7 cm; leaflets verticillate, in 12--18 whorls, 4--8 blades per whorl, arranged on opposite sides of rachis; leaflet blades oblong to linear, 3--12 X 1--2.5 mm, softly lanate-pubescent, apex obtuse. Racemes compact, a broad ovoid head, many-flowered; peduncle shorter to as slightly longer than leaves, densely spreading lanate. Calyx cylindric, 11--12 X 3--3.5 mm; lobes triangular-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm. Corolla reddish pink to purple; standard 2--2.5 cm, lamina ovate-orbicular and 1--1.2 cm wide, apex rounded to barely emarginate; wings 1.8--2 cm, lamina longer than claw; keel 1.5--1.6 cm, beak ca. 2 mm. Legume ovoid-oblong, 12--14 X ca. 6 mm, slightly inflated, thinly leathery, ± 2-locular, softly lanate. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. unknown. 2n = 16.

* Sandy areas; ca. 1200 m. Nei Mongol [Russia (Sibiria)].

12. Oxytropis myriophylla (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 87. 1802; illus. Fl. Intramong. 3:308. 1989.

多叶棘豆 duo ye ji dou

Phaca myriophylla Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 745. 1776; Astragalus myriophyllus (Pallas) Pallas; Oxytropis davidii Franchet; O. myriophylloides Hurusawa.

Herbs, 11--40 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, tufted, with appressed white and yellow trichomes or with some long spreading trichomes. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, membranous, with appressed dense yellow elongate trichomes, connate to middle, apex subulate-acuminate. Leaves (5--)10--30 cm; leaflets verticillate, in 12--16(--50) whorls, 4--8 blades per whorl, arranged on opposite sides of rachis; leaflet blades linear, oblong, or lanceolate, 3--15 X 1--3 mm, both surfaces with dense long trichomes, base rounded, apex acuminate. Racemes compact, many-flowered; peduncle 8--17 cm, shorter to ca. 1.5 X as long as leaves, covered with spreading long thin trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 0.8--1.5 cm, with long trichomes. Flowers ascending. Calyx tubular, 1.1--1.4(--1.6) cm, with long trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 3.5--4.5 mm, both surfaces with trichomes. Corolla pale purple drying bluish, lamina oblong and 1.8--2.5 cm, apex rounded to emarginate; wings 1.5--2 cm, apex acute; keel 1.2--2 cm, beak (1.5--)1.8--3.8 mm. Legume erect-ascending, substipitate; body ovoid-oblong, 10--16 X 3--5 mm, leathery, ± 2-locular, with dense long trichomes, beak 5--7 mm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

Hillsides, grasslands, rocky mountain slopes, prairies, sandy areas, and Betula forest margins; 200--2600 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

13. Oxytropis trichophora Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 303. 1809.

毛序棘豆 mao xu ji dou

Oxytropis shensiana Ulbrich.

Herbs, 10--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Branches with white long stout trichomes and yellowish or glandular trichomes. Stipules with a lanceolate free part, membranous, basally adnate to petiole, apex acute. Leaves 2.5--6(--8) cm; leaflets verticillate, in (2--)7--12 whorls, 3 or 4 blades per whorl and some also arranged on opposite sides of rachis; leaflet blades ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2--8 X 1--2 mm. Racemes capitate or lax, few- to many-flowered; peduncle (6--)10--20 cm, thick, erect, slightly to greatly longer than leaves; bracts ovate, 4--5 mm, with long trichomes, apex acute. Calyx cylindric, 9--10 mm, with white long trichomes; lobes lanceolate-linear, 2.5--5 mm. Corolla basally almost white and apically blue; standard 1.5--2 X 0.7--0.9 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex rounded to emarginate; wings 1.5--1.7 cm; keel ca. 1.4 cm, beak 1.5--2.5 mm. Legume stipitate; body ovoid-oblong, leathery, with white long trichomes. Fl. May, fr. Aug.

* Hillsides, roadsides, grasslands; 800--2000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi.

14. Oxytropis bicolor Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 91. 1835.

地角儿苗 di jiao er miao

Oxytropis angustifolia Ulbrich; O. bicolor f. luteola (C. W. Chang) X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi; O. bicolor Bunge var. luteola C. W. Chang; O. uralensis Franchet (1883) not (Linnaeus) Candolle (1802).

Herbs, 5--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex, with appressed yellowish or glandular trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 1.8 X 0.3 cm, membranous, villous, basally connate. Leaves 3--20 cm; rachis with glands; leaflets at least some verticillate, in 3--10 whorls per leaf or with blades arranged on opposite sides of rachis; leaflet blades linear, ovate, or triangular, 3--25 X 1--5 mm. Racemes dense to lax, (7--)10--25-flowered; peduncle 4--20 cm, mostly shorter than leaves, rather densely whitish villous; bracts triangular, 3--10 X 1--3 mm, whitish villous. Calyx cylindric, (10--)12--17 X 2--4 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate to triangular, (2--)3.5--7 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla bluish purple, purple, dark purple, reddish purple, pink, red, blue, purplish yellow, or pale yellow; standard 1.4--2.3 cm, lamina elliptic, apex emarginate; wings (1.2--)1.4--1.6(--2) cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apex emarginate to rounded; keel 1--1.4(--1.6) cm, beak (1.5--)2--2.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid-oblong, 1.7--2.4 X 0.4--0.5 cm, inflated, leathery, villous, septum ca. 1.5 mm wide. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jun--Aug.

Dry hillsides, weedy slopes, hillsides, scrub on hillsides, field margins, dry places, grasslands, dry places, dry place at riverbanks, Salix scrub, roadsides, grassland margins, sand places, flood plains, loess areas, south facing slopes at bottom of hills, gravelly slopes and sandy sites in alpine areas; 400--2700 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Mongolia].

15. Oxytropis ochrantha Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 188. 1832.

黄毛棘豆 huang mao ji dou

Oxytropis chrysotricha Franchet; O. daqingshanica Y. Z. Zhao & Zhong Y. Zhu; O. ochrantha var. albopilosa P. C. Li; O. ochrantha f. diversicolor H. C. Fu & Ma; O. ochrantha subsp. diversicolor (H. C. Fu & Ma) P. C. Li; O. ochrantha var. diversicolor (H. C. Fu & Ma) G. Z. Qian; O. turczaninovii Jurtzev.

Herbs, usually 10--25 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with appressed yellow long trichomes. Stipules broadly ovate, herbaceous, with dense yellow long trichomes, basally adnate to petiole, apex acute. Leaves 8--20 cm; leaflets (at least some typically) verticillate, in 1--9 whorls but apically 1 to several leaflets reduced to 2 opposite blades; leaflet blades ovate, oblong-ovate, lanceolate, or linear, 0.6--2.5 X 0.3--1 cm, abaxially with long trichomes when mature, adaxially glabrous, apex acuminate to acute. Racemes elongate, compact to rather lax, many-flowered; peduncle 8--11(--16.5) cm; bracts lanceolate, almost as long as calyx, with yellow long trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 0.8--1.2(--1.3) cm, with yellow long trichomes; lobes lanceolate-linear, (3.5--)5.5--7 mm, slightly shorter or as long as tube. Corolla white or yellowish white; standard 1.4--2.1 cm, lamina obovate-oblong, apex rounded; wings 1.7--1.8 cm, lamina spatulate-elliptic, apex rounded; keel 1.5--1.8 cm, beak 1.2--3 mm. Legume sessile, ca. 1.8 X 0.8 cm, inflated, membranous. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

Meadows, weedy and grassy hillsides,dry valleys, and sandy areas; 500--4800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia].

16. Oxytropis ochrolongibracteata X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi, Cathaya 11--12: 75. 2000.

长苞黄花棘豆 chang bao huang hua ji dou

Based on Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge var. longibracteata P. C. Li, Fl. Xizang. 2: 859. 1985, not O. longibracteata Karelin & Kirilov (1841).

Herbs, 35--40 cm tall or more, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stems with 3--5 or more apparent internodes, thick, erect. Stipules ovate, herbaceous, with appressed dense long trichomes, free from petiole, basally connate at base, distinct parts triangular. Leaves 10--19 cm; node between petiole and leaflets with pale brown glands and appressed dense long trichomes; leaflets 17--25, mainly opposite but some verticillate, 2--4 blades per whorl; leaflet blades lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, 1--3 cm, both surfaces with short trichomes. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle 10--25 cm, erect, with dense curved trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, longer than calyx. Calyx cylindric, 1.2--1.3 cm, membranous, with long trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 6 mm. Corolla yellow; standard 1.1--1.7 cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings oblong, 1.3--1.5 cm; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong, 1.2--1.5 cm, inflated, membranous, 1-locular, with appressed black trichomes, beak curved. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

* Hillsides, roadsides, dry valleys, shrubby hillsides, streamsides, and alpine meadows and scrub; 1700--4300 m. Gansu, Xizang.

17. Oxytropis qamdoensis X. Y. Zhu et al., Novon 12: 430. 2002.

昌都棘豆 chang du ji dou

Herbs, 7--40 cm tall or more, acaulescent, from a on-headed or rarely multi-headed caudex. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3.5--8.8 X 2--3 mm, herbaceous, with white trichomes, basally adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--8 cm, with white trichomes; leaflets mostly verticillate, in 9 or 11 whorls, 4(--6) blades per whorl or blades opposite apically on rachis; leaflet blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 4--7 X 1.5--5 mm, both surfaces with white trichomes but when young with dense grayish white trichomes, apex acuminate to acute. Racemes elongate, rather lax, many-flowered; peduncle 5--13.5 cm, shorter than leaves at antheis, longer than leaves in fruit; bracts ovate, 4.5--7.5 X 2--3 mm, with white trichomes. Calyx subcylindric, 1.1--1.2 cm, with white trichomes; tube ca. 6 mm; lobes lanceolate, 4--6 X ca. 0.1 mm. Corolla white; standard 1.6--1.9 X 0.6--0.7 cm, lamina broadly obovate and narrowed to base, apex 2-lobed; wings ca. 1.5 cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; keel 1.2--1.7 cm, beak 1--1.5 mm. Legume substipitate; body ovoid, ca. 1.6 X 0.7 mm, membranous, with white trichomes, beak ca. 6.5 mm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Among shrubs on dry and stony slopes; 3200--3300 m. Xizang.

18. Oxytropis przewalskii Komarov, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 227. 1914.

哈密棘豆 ha mi ji dou

Herbs, usually 10--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules herbaceous. Leaves 4--10 cm, with white short cottonlike trichomes; leaflets verticillate, almost sessile, in 7--18 whorls, 3--6 blades per whorl; leaflet blades broadly elliptic, elliptic, or orbicular, apex acute. Racemes 8--10-flowered or more; peduncle 6--16 cm, slender, ca. 2 X as long as leaves, with sparse white trichomes; bracts ovate-lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx cylindric, 1--1.5 cm, with white and black short cottonlike trichomes; lobes triangular, ca. 2.5 mm, ca. 1/5 as long as tube. Corolla purplish blue, 2.5--3 cm; keel beak incurved. Legume sessile, globose, 2--2.5 cm, inflated, membranous, with appressed short cottonlike trichomes, abaxial suture with septum, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak short. Fl. Jul, fr. unknown

* Sunny slopes; elevation unknown. Xinjiang.

19. Oxytropis pumila Fischer ex Candolle, Prod. 2: 279. 1825.

普米腊棘豆 pu mi la ji dou

Herbs, 3--6 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or branching caudex. Stipules with a broadly triangular short free part, scarious to herbaceous, with long ciliate at margin, adnate to petiole, connate for most of length. Leaves 3--6 cm, densely covered with spreading long thin trichomes; leaflets verticillate, in 4 or 5 whorls, 4 blades per whorl; leaflet blades elliptic, 1--1.5 cm. Racemes subglobose, compact, 7--12-flowered; peduncle 3--5 cm, subequal or longer than leaves; bracts linear, nearly half as long as calyx. Calyx broadly cylindric, 8--10 mm, covered with spreading white and black long trichomes; lobes 1--2.5 mm, much shorter than tube. Corolla violet; standard 1.5--1.8 cm, lamina broadly suborbicular-ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.3--1.4 cm, apex emarginate; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid-globose, 1.2--1.3 cm, bladdery, membranous, 1-locular, covered with spreading long soft trichomes, beak curved. Fl. Jul, fr. unknown.

* Habitat and elevation unknown. Xinjiang.

20. Oxytropis oxyphylla (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 84. 1802.

尖叶棘豆 jian ye ji dou

Phaca oxyphylla Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 743. 1776; Oxytropis andaensis P. H. Huang & L. H. Zhuo; O. arenaria Jurtzev; O. chankaensis Jurtzev; O. hailarensis Kitagawa; O. hailarensis f. chankaensis (Jurtzev) Kitagawa; O. hailarensis var. chankaensis (Jurtzev) Kitagawa; O. hailarensis f. liocarpa (H. C. Fu) P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen; O. hailarensis f. psilocarpa (Kitagawa) Kitagawa; O. hulunbailensis H. C. Fu & S. H. Cheng; O. hulunbailensis var. liocarpa H. C. Fu; O. lanata (Pallas) de Candolle var. psilocarpa Kitagawa; O. oxyphylla var. leiocarpa (H. C. Fu) Y. Z. Zhao; O. oxyphylla var. psilocarpa (Kitagawa) G. Z. Qian; O. selengensis Bunge; O. selengensis var. longiscapa Hurusawa; O. verticillaris Ledebour (1842) not de Candolle (1802).

Herbs, 7--20(--25) cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a subterranean long-branched multi-headed caudex, appressed sericeous. Stipules broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, 5--9 mm, herbaceous, densely appressed white or yellow sericeous. Leaves 2.5--14 cm; leaflets at least some verticillate or sometimes subverticillate, in (1--)3--9 whorls, 3 or 4 blades per whorl; leaflet blades linear-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or linear, 1--2 cm X 1--3 mm, both surfaces sericeous. Racemes capitate, 5--15-flowered; peduncle 6--11(--19) cm, equal to longer than leaves; bracts lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 2.5--6 mm, membranous, sericeous with appressed white long trichomes, apex acute. Calyx cylindric, 6--8.3(--10) mm, with intermixed black and white long trichomes, base oblique; lobes linear-lanceolate, 1.8--3.5 mm. Corolla purple, pale purple, or rarely white; standard 1.4--1.8 cm, lamina elliptic-ovate, apex rounded; wings 1.2--1.6 cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apex obliquely truncate to rounded; keel 1--1.4 cm, beak 1.5--2.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 1--2 X 0.7--1.2 cm, inflated, spreading-ascending, membranous, with white or sometimes black trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

Sandy open hillsides, semi-stabilized sand dunes, in gravel, and grasslands; 500--2700 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi [Korea].

21. Oxytropis racemosa Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 187. 1832.

砂珍棘豆 sha zhen ji dou

Oxytropis acutirostrata Ulbrich; O. gracillima Bunge; O. gracillima Bunge f. albiflora (P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen) H. C. Fu; O. koreana Nakai; O. psammocharis Hance; O. psammocharis f. albiflora P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen; O. psammocharis subsp. mongolica H. C. Fu; Oxytropis racemosa Turczaninow f. albiflora (P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen) C. W. Chang.

Herbs, 5--30 cm tall, acaulescent or shortly caulescent with 1 or 2 apparent internodes, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules ovate, herbaceous, pubescent. Leaves 5--14 cm; petiole and rachis with appressed long trichomes; leaflets verticillate, in 6--13 whorls, 4--6 blades per whorl; leaflet blades oblong, linear, or lanceolate, 5--10 X 1--2 mm, both surfaces with appressed white long trichomes, base cuneate, margin incurved, apex acute. Racemes to 4 cm, lax, 7--10-flowered; peduncle 6.5--7.5(--10) cm, with slightly curved trichomes; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx broadly cylindric, 4--7 mm; lobes linear, 1--3 mm, with short trichomes. Corolla purple to pale purple; standard 7--12 mm, apex rounded to emarginate; wings 7.5--11 mm, lamina ovate-oblong, apex rounded; keel 7.2--9.5 mm, beak (0.6--)1--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 7--10 mm and ± as wide, inflated, membranous, with appressed short trichomes, septum ca. 0.5 mm wide, adaxial suture concave, beak hooked. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jun--Oct.

Sandy places on hillsides, dry valleys, grasslands, damp places, sandy or gravelly flood plains and riverbanks, semi-stabilized sand dunes; 200--2300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia].

Oxytropis tunliaoensis P. F. Fu & C. Y. Li belongs here, but is invalid because it was published without a Latin description or diagnosis.

22. Oxytropis chionobia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 148. 1874.

雪地棘豆 xue di ji dou

Oxytropis oligantha Bunge.

Herbs, (1.5--)2--6 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, tuft- or cushion-forming, with dense silvery white trichomes. Caudex branches with persistent petioles. Stipules broadly ovate with a triangular free part, herbaceous, with appressed white trichomes, adnate to petiole, apex acute. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm; petiole and rachis with appressed, spreading, or ascending white trichomes; leaflets verticillate, in 6--12 whorls, 4--6 blades per whorl; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1--3.5 X 0.5--1.5 mm. Racemes 1- or 2(or 3)-flowered; peduncle obsolete or to as long as leaves, spreading silvery white villous and apically mixed with blackish trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 4--7 X 1--3 mm, whitish and blackish villous. Calyx cylindric, 10--15 X 2--4 mm, with whitish cottonlike trichomes and sometimes mixed with black trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 4--5 X ca. 0.5 mm, apex obtuse. Corolla bluish purple; standard 1.4--2.2 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.4--1.7 cm, lamina apically truncate; keel (1.2--)1.4--1.6 cm, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume sessile, ellipsoid, ovoid, or oblong-ovoid, 1.3--2 X 0.5--0.7 cm, slightly inflated, leathery to thinly leathery, ± 2-locular, appressed to spreading white and black villous, beak ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

Base of hills, top of hills, grasslands, gravelly alpine slopes; 2500--4600 m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

23. Oxytropis ramosissima Komarov, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 227. 1914.

多枝棘豆 duo zhi ji dou

Herbs, 10--20 cm tall or taller, caulescent, with appressed white trichomes. Stems prostrate, with several to many evident internodes, many branched. Stipules linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3--6 mm, herbaceous, with spreading white long trichomes, free from petiole, basally connate, apex acute. Leaves 3--5 cm; leaflets verticillate or rarely opposite, in 2--5 whorls, 3 or 4 blades per whorl; leaflet blades linear to narrowly oblong, 5--10 X 1--3 mm, both surfaces with dense white trichomes, base cuneate, margin involute, apex acute. Racemes 1--3-flowered; peduncle 5--8 mm, with appressed white trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2--3 mm, with white trichomes, apex acute. Calyx broadly cylindric, ca. 5 X 2 mm, with appressed white trichomes; lobes lanceolate-subulate, shorter than tube. Corolla bluish purple; standard 1.1--1.3(--1.5) cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.1--1.2(--1.3) cm, apex rounded to emarginate; keel 9--10(--11.2) mm, beak 1--1.2 mm. Legume sessile, ellipsoid, ovoid, or oblong-ovoid, 0.8--1.6 X 0.6--1.2 cm, leathery to thinly so, densely pubescent, beak 0.8--1 mm. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Active and partially stabilized sand dunes and sandy slopes; 900--1400 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi.

24. Oxytropis langshanica H. C. Fu, Fl. Intramong., ed. 2, 3: 672. 1989.

狼山棘豆 lang shan ji dou

Herbs, acaulescent, 3--5 cm tall, from a multi-headed caudex, clothed with marcescent stipules and leaf bases, appressed gray villous. Stipules triangular, herbaceous, appressed villous with long trichomes, adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 3--5 cm; rachis densely long hirsute; leaflets verticillate or sometimes subverticillate, in 2--5 whorls, 3 or 4 blades per whorl or merely opposite; leaflet blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 4--8 X 1--1.5 mm, both surfaces appressed pilose with long trichomes, base rounded, margin usually involute, apex acute. Racemes 1--3-flowered; peduncle obsolete or to 3 cm, shorter than leaves, densely whitish villous; bracts ovate, ca. 4 mm, densely whitish villous, apex obtuse. Calyx cylindric, 10--15 X 2--4 mm, white hirsute; lobes lanceolate, 3--5 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard 2.1--3.2 cm, lamina rhombic, apex emarginate; wings 1.8--2 cm, lamina obliquely oblong, apex obtuse; keel ca. 1.6 cm, beak ca. 2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong-ovoid, 1.6--2.3 X 0.8--1 cm, leathery to thinly leathery, densely hirtellous. Fl. and fr. May--Jun.

* Sandy deserts; elevation unknown. Nei Mongol.

5. Oxytropis sect. Leucopodia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 130. 1874.

鳞萼棘豆组 lin e ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent. Petioles ± woody and persistent but not spiny. Herbage (especially bracts, peduncles, and calyces) with stalked or scalelike glands. Peduncle obsolete or to 2 cm. Legume substipitate; body ovoid.

One species; China, Mongolia, Russia; one species in China.

25. Oxytropis squammulosa Candolle, Astragalogia 79. 1802.

鳞萼棘豆 lin e ji dou

Oxytropis leucopodia Ledebour; O. squammulosa var. purpurea G. Z. Qian.

Herbs, (2.5--)3--7 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex, clothed with stiff stramineous marcescent petioles with expanded or thickened bases. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 4 X 2 mm, membranous, basally connate, margin ciliate. Leaves (1.5--)3--7 cm, with 7--19 leaflets; petiole expanded and clasping at base; leaflet blades lanceolate-linear, 5--15 X 1--2 mm, tightly involute, glabrous except for 1 or a few terminal or lateral trichomes. Racemes 1--3-flowered; peduncle obsolete or to 2 cm; bracts triangular, 5--7 X ca. 3 mm, membranous, glandular, margin ciliate. Calyx cylindric, (10.6--)11--14 X ca. 4 mm, glabrous or with scalelike trichomes or raised conspicuous glands; tube 8--10 mm, glabrous or with yellowish glands; lobes subulate, 2--2.3 mm. Corolla yellow, white, blue, or purple; standard 2.5--2.7 cm, lamina spatulate, apex rounded; wings 2--2.2 cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apex rounded; keel maculate, 2--2.1 cm, beak 1--2 mm. Legume substipitate; body ovoid, 1--1.7 X 0.7--0.8 cm, inflated, thickly leathery, prominently beaked. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16.

Hillsides, gravelly and sandy areas, in both damp and dry riparian sites; 1300--3300 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

There is a great variation in corolla color, and the calyx and fruit are variable in presence of squammulae within population or even on an individual in Oxytropis squammulosa.

6. Oxytropis sect. Falcicarpa C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 9: 41. 1989.

镰荚棘豆组 lian jia ji dou zu

Herbs, caulescent or acaulescent, glandular viscid. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not or rarely verticillate. Racemes 2--10-flowered, peduncle 1.5--10 cm or longer, shorter to equaling leaves. Corolla standard usually orbicular, not contracted in middle, not widened at basal half, and without auricles.

Two species (both endemic) in China.

1a. Plants caulescent, internodes apparent stipules herbaceous; corolla wings emarginate at apex ... 26. O. tudanensis

1b. Plants acaulescent, with no internodes visible stipules membranous; corolla wings rounded at apex 27. O. falcata

26. Oxytropis tudanensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 74: 130. 1999.

土丹棘豆 tu dan ji dou

Herbs, to ca. 5 cm tall, caulescent, from a partially subterranean many-branched caudex. Stem with 1 or more apparent internodes, dense glandular or with yellowish brown trichomes. Stipules broadly ovate, 4--5 X 2--3 mm, herbaceous, pubescent, basally connate. Leaves 2--4 cm, with 13--17 leaflets; petiole and rachis with yellowish brown trichomes; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate, 3.6--4.7 X 2.1--3.1 mm, both surfaces with glandular or yellowish brown trichomes. Racemes capitate, 2--5-flowered; peduncle 2--4 cm, shorter than leaves, sometimes with glands; bracts linear to narrowly elliptic, 4--5 X 0.4--0.5 mm, yellowish brown pubescent. Calyx cylindric, ca. 5 X 1.4 mm; lobes subulate, ca. 2.5 X 0.3 mm, subequal. Corolla bluish violet; standard ca. 8.6 X 8 mm, lamina broadly ovate, apex ± emarginate; wings ca. 7 mm, lamina narrowly obovate, apex emarginate; keel ca. 6 mm, beak ca. 0.4 mm. Legume unknown. Fl. Jul--Aug.

* Hillsides; 2800--4900 m. Gansu, Xizang.

27. Oxytropis falcata Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 156. 1874.

镰荚棘豆 lian jia ji dou

Oxytropis hedinii Ulbrich; O. holdererii Ulbrich; O. popovii Vassilczenko.

Herbs, 3--35 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming, clothed with marcescent petioles and stipules. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 10 X 3 mm, membranous, whitish or yellowish villous and sometimes with obscure glands, often with adherant sand grains, basally connate. Leaves 5--20 cm; leaflets opposite or alternate, some nearly or actually verticillate, either 11--19, 25--31, or 27--47 blades; leaflet blades lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 5--15 X 1--4 mm, ± involute, with whitish long trichomes. Racemes rather lax, 5--10-flowered; peduncle (1.5--)3.5--10(--15) cm, subequal or shorter than leaves; bracts triangular, 8--14 X 3--4(--6) mm, herbaceous, with trichomes and raised yellowish glands. Calyx cylindric, 10--18 X 3--4 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes and dense glands or glands lacking; lobes subulate, 2.5--5 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla purple, pink, purplish white, blue, purplish blue, violet, red, or white; standard 2.4--2.6 cm, lamina ovate; wings 2--2.4 cm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel 1.9--2 cm, beak 1.1--2.5 mm. Legume reddish when young, erect-ascending, stipitate; stipe to 1.8 mm; body falcate-oblong, 2.2--5 cm X 4--8 mm, slightly inflated, leathery, villous and with or without glands. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

* Sunny slopes, river flood plains, riverside meadows, hillsides, grasslands, alpine meadows, sandy and stony areas, valley bottoms, desert grasslands, flooded places, and Picea forests; 2700--5200 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.

7. Oxytropis sect. Mesogaea Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 38. 1874.

长茎棘豆组 chang jing ji dou zu

Herbs caulescent (but acaulescent in some O. maqinensis), with (1 or)2--6 conspicuous internodes, non-glandular (except O. tudanensis). Leaves with leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 6- to many-flowered; peduncle 1.5--25 cm or longer, shorter to longer than leaves. Corolla standard broadly ovate, not contracted in middle, not widened at basal half, and without auricles. Legume shortly stipitate or stipitate; body cylindric, narrowly ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid.

32 species: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; 32 species (18 endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla yellow, pale yellowish, white, or rarely red.

2a. Corolla white, keel beak (0.5--)2.5--3 mm; bracts 5--10 mm ................................................................... . 28. O. nutans

2b. Corolla yellow, pale yellowish, or rarely red, keel beak 0.2--1 mm; bracts 1.5--7(--8) mm.

3a. Corolla standard 6--7 mm; calyx ca. 4 mm; bracts ca. 1.5 mm ........................................... 40. O. sinkiangensis

3b. Corolla standard 8--17 mm; calyx 5.8--11.4 mm; bracts 2--8 mm.

4a. Bracts ca. 2 mm; corolla standard 0.8--0.9 cm, keel ca. 6.7 mm; legume stipe ca. 7 mm .................. 44. O. gueldenstaedtioides

4b. Bracts 4--8 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1.7 cm, keel 7--14 mm; legume stipe 0--2 mm.

5a. Calyx 7--10 mm, lobes 3.5--4.5 mm.

6a. Leaves with 11--15 leaflets; peduncle 10--35 cm; legume body 2--3 X 0.6--0.6 cm ......... 42. O. meinshausenii

6b. Leaves with 15--29 leaflets; peduncle 3--12 cm; legume body 1.5--2 X 1--1.5 cm 43. O. pilosa

5b. Calyx 5.8--11.5 mm, lobes 2--8 mm.

7a. Leaflet blades 2.5--3 cm; calyx 5.8--7.2(--8.5) mm ...................................... . 41. O. ochrocephala

7b. Leaflet blades 0.5--2(--3) cm; calyx 6.5--11.5 mm.

8a. Legume body (1--)1.5--2.5 cm; bracts ca. 4 mm ....................................... 45. O. ochroleuca

8b. Legume body 0.8--1.2 cm; bracts 6--7 mm ................................................ 46. O. kansuensis

1b. Corolla blue, purple, bluish purple, pale purple, or violet.

9a. Plants with impressed yellow glands; leaflets at least moderately spaced; racemes 2--6-flowered; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.4--0.7 mm ............................................................................................................................. 26. O. tudanensis

9b. Plants non-glandular; leaflets variously arranged; racemes variously flowered; beak of corolla keel various.

10a. Plants (3--)4--10(--12) cm tall.

11a. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; leaflet blades (1--)2--5 mm ..................... 30. O. tianschanica

11b. Leaves 2--8 cm, with 15--25(--29) leaflets; leaflet blades 3--10(--12) mm.

12a. Racemes many-flowered; corolla standard 5--9(--14) mm.

13a. Leaves 5--20 cm; leaflet blades 5--25 X 2--9 mm; peduncle 7--25 cm or more .. 32. O. deflexa

13b. Leaves 2--5(--8) cm; leaflet blades 3--10(--12) X 1.5--5 mm; peduncle 1.4--6(--8) cm.

14a. Calyx 4--5 mm; corolla standard 5--9 mm, keel beak ca. 0.3 mm ....... 34. O. hirsutiuscula

14b. Calyx 5--7 mm; corolla standard 9--14 mm, keel beak 1.5--2 mm ....... 49. O. dichroantha

12b. Racemes (4--)6--8(--9)-flowered; corolla standard (9--)11--13(--15 mm.

15a. Plants 8--12 cm tall; leaves with (17 or)19 or 21 leaflets; peduncle 7--11 cm; calyx ca. 4 mm; ........................................................................................................................ 38. O. chinglingensis

15b. Plants 3--7 cm tall; leaves with 9--19 leaflets; calyx 5--9 mm.

16a. Leaves with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades 7--15 mm; racemes 7--9-flowered; corolla standard 1.2--1.3(--1.5) cm ................................................................................................ 48. O. hirsuta

16b. Leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets; leaflet blades 2.5--6 mm; racemes 2--5-flowered; corolla standard 0.9--1.1 cm ....................................................................................... 56. O. latialata

10b. Plants (3--)10--80(--100) cm tall.

17a. Leaves with 21 or more leaflets on at least some leaves (only to 23 leaflets in O. maqinensis and O. xinglongshanica).

18a. Corolla standard 1--1.2 cm; corolla keel beak 0.2--0.5 mm; legume stipe 1.5--2 mm, body 1.2--1.6 cm .................................................................................................................................... 47. O. qinghaiensis

18b. Corolla standard (0.5--)0.7--1.5 cm; corolla keel beek, legume stipe, and legume body not simultaneously within same range as above.

19a. Calyx 7.5--11(--11.2) mm; corolla standard 1.5--1.6 cm ................................. 52. O. maqinensis

19b. Calyx (2.2--)4--8(--10) mm; corolla standard (0.5--)0.7--1.5 cm.

20a. Racemes 3--10(--15)-flowered.

21a. Calyx lobes 1.5--2 mm; corolla standard (5--)7--8(--10) mm ................. 50. O. glabra

21b. Calyx lobes 2.5--4.7 mm; corolla standard (10--)11--14 mm ....... 58. O. melanocalyx

20b. Racemes many-flowered.

22a. Corolla wings (5--)6--7 mm, keel beak 0.2--0.5 mm ................................ 50. O. glabra

22b. Corolla wings 8--14 mm, keel beak 0.5--2.5 mm.

23a. Leaves 5--6 cm; peduncle ca. 6 cm ............................................ 55. O. densiflora

23b. Leaves (3--)5--20 cm; peduncle mainly over 6 cm.

24a. Corolla standard 0.8--1.2 cm, keel 0.7--0.9 cm; calyx (3--)5--7(--8) mm.

25a. Corolla standard 8--9 mm, keel 8--9 mm ......................... 32. O. deflexa

25b. Corolla standard 8--12 mm, keel 7--8 mm ................. 57. O. lapponica

24b. Corolla standard 1--1.5 cm, keel (0.9--)1--1.3 cm; calyx (7--)8(--10) mm.

26a. Leaflet blades 14--20 mm; beak of corolla keel 1.5--1.7 mm ....... 54. O. xinglongshanica

26b. Leaflet blades 3--14 mm; beak of corolla keel 1--1.5 mm.

27a. Stipules 10--12 mm........................................... 29. O. penduliflora

27b. Stipules 6--8 mm........................................................ 53. O. giraldii

17b. Leaves with 9--21 leaflets (rarely in 25 leaflets in O. podoloba and O. zekogensis).

28a. Plants 3--4 cm tall; leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets .......................................................... 56. O. latialata

28b. Plants (3--)5--80(--100) cm tall; leaves with (7--)11--21(--29) leaflets.

29a. Plants 3--13 cm tall; racemes 6--9-flowered.

30a. Leaves 1.5--4 cm; leaflet blades 4--7 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1 cm, keel beak short; legume body 1--1.2 cm ............................................................................................. 31. O. gerzeensis

30b. Leaves 5--9 cm; leaflet blades 7--15 mm; corolla standard 1.2--1.3 cm, keel beak 2.5--3 mm; legume body 1.5--2 cm ..................................................................................... 48. O. hirsuta

29b. Plants (5--)10--80(--100) cm tall; racemes 3--9-flowered or more.

31a. Racemes 3--12-flowered.

32a. Racemes 3--5-flowered, dense or compact .................................. 39. O. sitaipaiensis

32b. Racemes 3--12-flowered, rather lax.

33a. Corolla keel 1--1.4 cm; stipules ca. 3 mm; bracts ca. 1.5 mm . 36. O. taochensis

33b. Corolla keel ca. 0.8 cm; stipules 5--7 mm; bracts 3--6 mm .... 37. O. zekogensis

31b. Racemes 8- to many-flowered.

34a. Leaflet blades 1.4--2 cm; corolla standard 1.1--1.5 cm, wings 1.1--1.4 cm ....... 54. O. xinglongshanica

34b. Leaflet blades (0.4--)0.5--1.4 cm (but to 2.5 cm in O. glabra); corolla standard (0.5--)0.6--1 cm, wings 5--10 mm.

35a. Calyx 6--8 mm, 3--4 mm .......................................................... 59. O. subpodoloba

35b. Calyx (2.2--)4--5 mm, lobes 1.2--2.5 mm.

36a. Leaves 2--4 cm; peduncle 1.5--3 cm; corolla wings ca. 5.5 mm ........ 35. O. ganningensis

36b. Leaves (3--)5--15 cm; (2--)4.5--20 cm; corolla wings (5--)6--10 mm.

37a. Calyx lobes 2.4--2.5 mm; corolla wings ca. 10 mm; leaflet blades oblong ......................................................................................... 51. O. podoloba

37b. Calyx lobes 1.2--2 mm; corolla wings (5--)5--8 mm; leaflet blades linear, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic.

38a. Leaflet blades ca. 1 mm wide; racemes (1--)4--7 cm; beak of corolla keel ca. 1.5 mm .................................................... 33. O. yekenensis

38b. Leaflet blades (1--)3--7 mm wide; racemes 4--7 cm; beak of corolla keel 0.2--0.5 mm .......................................................... 50. O. glabra

28. Oxytropis nutans Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 61. 1866.

垂花棘豆 chui hua ji dou

Oxytropis qiemoensis H. Ohba et al.

Herbs, 14--50 cm tall, caulescent, with 1 or more apparent internodes, arising from much-branched caudex, sericeous with long trichomes. Stipules with a linear-lanceolate to triangular free part, with dense white trichomes, basally adnate to petiole, connate for basal ca. 1/3 to most of length. Leaves 7--10 cm, with 19--41 leaflets; petioles 3--4 cm, shorter than rachis, with spreading dense white trichomes and glands between petiole and rachis; leaflet blades ovate, lanceolate-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or broadly ovate, 5--18 X 2--8 mm, both surfaces with spreading to ascending dense trichomes or sparsely yellow sericeous, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes at first compact but later elongating, 6--12 cm, many-flowered; peduncle as long or slightly longer than leaves, thick, with spreading dense white trichomes and apically mixed with pale yellow and black trichomes; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 5--10 mm, with trichomes. Flowers spreading-descending. Calyx campanulate, 7--10 mm, with mixed black and white trichomes; lobes linear, 2.5--3(--4) mm. Corolla yellow, bluish purple, or white; standard 1.5--2 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings oblong, 1.4--1.6 cm, apex 2-lobed; keel 1.2--1.3 cm, beak (0.5--)2.5--3 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 2 mm; body oblong-ovoid to slenderly cylindric, 1.4--1.8 X 0.4--0.5 cm, pendulous, thickly membranous, 1(or 2)-locular, with densely black sericeous, apex acute. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jun--Jul.

Valleys, forest margins, gravelly subalpine areas; 2500--4100 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

29. Oxytropis penduliflora Gontscharow, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 8: 186. 1940.

蓝垂花棘豆 lan chui hua ji dou

Herbs, 14--33 cm tall, caulescent, with 1 or 2 or sometimes or more apparent internodes, arising from a branched superficial or subterranean caudex. Stipules 1--1.2 cm, green, with long trichomes, margin ciliate. Leaves 5--16 cm, with 21--31 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3--14 X 2.5--5 mm, with appressed long trichomes, base rounded to acute, margin ciliate, apex acute. Racemes rather lax, 20--30-flowered; peduncle (6--)10--15(--17) cm, thick, much longer than leaves, with spreading trichomes and apically with dark brown and white trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3--7 mm, herbaceous, with long trichomes, margin ciliate, apex acute. Flowers spreading to declined. Calyx broadly cylindric, 8--10 mm, with reddish yellow or white long trichomes and black trichomes; lobes linear to awl-shaped, ca. 4 mm. Corolla blue; standard 1.3--1.5 cm, lamina orbicular-ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1.2 cm, lamina oblong, apex rounded to emarginate; keel ca. 1.1 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body cylindric, 10--15 X 3--4 mm, pendulous, membranous, with spreading black, white, or reddish black short trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

Dry hillsides, gravelly areas, and alpine meadows; 2000--4100 m. Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

30. Oxytropis tianschanica Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14(4): 43. 1869.

天山棘豆 tian shan ji dou

Oxytropis brachycarpa Vassilczenko; O. pulvinata Saposhnikow.

Herbs, 4--5 cm tall, caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, mat-forming, grayish white pubescent. Stems prostrate and diffuse, ± mat-forming, with 1--4 or more apparent internodes, with appressed dense white trichomes. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3--5 mm, herbaceous, densely white pilose, adnate to petiole for most of length, basally connate. Leaves (0.5--)1--3 cm, with 9--15 densely arranged leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading white trichomes; leaflet blades broadly elliptic to lanceolate, (1--)2--5 X 1--3 mm, both surfaces with dense white trichomes, margin ciliate. Racemes compact, 5--10-flowered; peduncle 1.5--3.5 cm, as long or longer than leaves, with white trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 3--5 mm, longer than pedicels, with white trichomes. Calyx cylindric, (5.5--)6--10 mm, densely villous with spreading long trichomes and black short trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, as long or sometimes slightly longer than tube. Corolla purple; standard 0.8--1.2 cm, lamina orbicular, apex ± emarginate; wings oblong, 8--9 mm; keel 6--7 mm, beak (0.5--)1--1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1--2 mm; body broadly ellipsoid-oblong, 10--15 X 3--5 mm, thickly membranous, 2-locular, with white and black trichomes intermixed, septum ca. 0.3 mm wide, adaxial suture deeply grooved. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

Flood plain grasslands, saline grassy areas, sandy areas by rivers, rocky alpine areas; 3000--4400 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan].

31. Oxytropis gerzeensis P. C. Li, Fl. Xizang. 2: 859. 1985.

改则棘豆 gai ze ji dou

Herbs, 8--13 cm tall, caulescent, with 2 or more apparent internodes, horizontal or prostrate, with spreading sparse trichomes. Stipules herbaceous, with spreading trichomes, free from petiole, basal half connate. Leaves 1.5--4 cm, with 12--17(--21) leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, 4--7 X 2.5--3 mm, both surfaces densely sericeous with long trichomes. Racemes dense, 6--8-flowered; peduncle 2.5--4 cm, slender, slightly shorter to as long as leaves, basally with appressed white and black long trichomes, apically with dense black ones; bracts narrowly lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx 5.5--6 mm, with dense black short trichomes; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla purple; standard 8.5--10 mm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings 8--9 mm, lamina oblong, apex with 2 unequal lobes; keel shorter than wings, beak short. Legume (immature) shortly stipitate; body ovoid to ellipsoid, 10--12 X 5--6 mm, tapering to a beak. Fl. and fr. Sep.

* Meadows; 3400--5200 m. Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang.

32. Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 96. 1802.

急弯棘豆 ji wan ji dou

Astragalus deflexus Pallas, Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 2: 268. 1779; A. parviflorus Lamarck; A. retroflexus Pallas.

Herbs, 2--12 cm tall, caulescent or less commonly acaulescent, with (0 or)1--7 apparent internodes, from a few- or several-headed caudex, subprostrate, with spreading or retrorse trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, herbaceous, with long trichomes, basally adnate to petiole, apex acute. Leaves 5--20 cm, with (15--)21--31(--41) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, ovate, lanceolate-oblong, or lanceolate, 5--25 X 2--8 mm, both surfaces pilose or adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes at first dense, becoming lax, 13--30-flowered; peduncle 7--25 cm or sometimes longer, villous-pilose; bracts linear, almost as long as calyx, membranous. Flowers declined. Calyx campanulate, (3--)6--7(--8) mm, with white and black trichomes intermixed; lobes lanceolate, as long or shorter than tube. Corolla pale bluish purple; standard 8--9 X ca. 5 mm, lamina obovate, apex rounded to emarginate; wings as long as standard, longer than keel, apex rounded; keel 8--9 mm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--4 mm; body oblong-ovoid, 10--20 X 4--5 mm, pendulous, membranous, 1-locular, with spreading long trichomes, apex with a beak. Fl. and fr. Jun--Jul. 2n = 16.

Gravely slopes, valleys, shrubs, 1600--3700 m. Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Russia; North America]

33. Oxytropis yekenensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 74: 68. 1999.

野克棘豆 ye ke ji dou

Herbs, 15--25 cm tall, caulescent, with 1--3(or 4) apparent internodes, clump-forming from a well-developed multi-headed caudes, ± whitish pubescent. Stipules subulate, 3--3.5 X ca. 0.8 mm, with appressed trichomes, distinct or sometimes basally connate. Leaves 7--9 cm, with 15--19 lax leaflets; leaflet blades linear to narrowly ovate, 8--13 X ca. 1 mm, margin involute, acute apically. Racemes lax, (1--)4--7 cm, many-flowered; peduncle 7--19 cm or more, typically much longer than leaves; bracts linear-triangular, ca. 1.5 X 0.2 mm, with whitish trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 4--4.5 X ca. 2 mm, with whitish trichomes; lobes subulate, 1.2--2 X ca. 0.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard 8--9 mm, lamina broadly ovate and 6--6.5 X 5--5.5 mm, basally tapering into claw, apex rounded; wings ca. 8 mm, lamina oblong, apex rounded; keel ca. 8 mm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume covered with trichomes when immature. Fl. May, fr. May.

* Hilly slopes; ca. 1400 m. Xinjiang.

34. Oxytropis hirsutiuscula Freyn, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 5: 1021. 1905.

短硬毛棘豆 duan ying mao ji dou

Oxytropis glabra (Lamarck) de Candolle var. pamirica B. Fedtschenko.

Herbs, 3--10 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a deeply subterranean multi-headed caudex. Stems very slender, with 3 or more apparent internodes, many-branched, with whitish trichomes. Stipules with a broadly lanceolate distinct part, 4--6 mm, with sparse trichomes, adnate to petiole, basal half connate. Leaves 2--8 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate, 3--10 X 1.5--3 mm, both surfaces with appressed white stiff trichomes. Racemes compact to rather lax, many-flowered; peduncle 1.5--4.5 cm, shorter than leaves; bracts lanceolate, 2--3 mm, membranous, with sparse black trichomes, margin ciliate, apex acute. Calyx campanulate, 4--5 mm, with black and white trichomes intermixed; lobes subulate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 5--9 mm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings almost as long as standard; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe to ca. 2.5 mm; body broadly cylindric, 8--15 X 3--5 mm, pendulous, membranous, with appressed black short trichomes, abaxial suture round, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak 1--2 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

Meadows in alpine areas and along riversides; 3800--4300 m. Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (W Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

35. Oxytropis ganningensis C. W. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 229. 1985.

陇东棘豆 long dong ji dou

Herbs, 35--50 cm tall or more, caulescent, from a simple or branched caudex. Stems thin, decumbent or sprawling, with 4 or more apparent internodes, with many branches, subglabrous or with spreading sparse white trichomes. Stipules subulate to triangular, with a 2--5 mm distinct part, with subspreading sparse white trichomes, apex acuminate. Leaves 2--4 cm, with 7--17 leaflets; petiole ca. 2 mm; petiole and and rachis with spreading sparse to dense white trichomes; leaflet blades linear-oblong to linear, 5--14 X 1--2 mm, both surfaces with subspreading white trichomes, base cuneate to subrounded, margin slightly incurved, apex acute. Racemes spiciform, 1.5--3.5 cm, many-flowered; peduncle 1.5--3 cm, densely appressed pubescent; bracts subulate, 2--3 mm, densely appressed pubescent. Flowers 6--9 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx often purplish, tubular-campanulate, ca. 5 mm, sparsely appressed pubescent; lobes subulate, 1--2 mm. Corolla blue; standard 6--9 mm, apex rounded; wings ca. 5.5 mm, lamina obliquely oblong, apex obtuse; keel ca. 5.5 X 1.5 mm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume sessile or with a stipe to 1 mm; body ellipsoid, 10--12 X 3--4 mm, slightly inflated, subleathery, with subspreading white trichomes, septum ca. 0.5 mm wide, apex acute, beak 2.5--3 mm and recurved. Fl. Aug--Sep, fr. Sep--Oct.

* Valleys, grassland on hillsides; 1100--1200 m. Gansu, Ningxia.

36. Oxytropis taochensis Komarov, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.13: 232. 1914.

洮河棘豆 tao he ji dou

Herbs, (5--)10--30 cm tall, caulescent, from a much-branched subterranean rhizomatous caudex, clump-forming. Stems thin, diffuse, with 2--6 apparent internodes, with short pubescence. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, with short trichomes, basally connate, apex acute. Leaves (3--)5--8(--10) cm, with (9--)13--17 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, suborbicular, or lanceolate-ovate, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, both surfaces with appressed stout trichomes, base rounded, apex acute to round. Racemes compact but becoming elongate and lax in fruit, 3--10-flowered or more; peduncle 3.5--11.5 cm, longer than leaves, with short pubescence; bracts lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, almost as long as pedicels, membranous. Calyx campanulate, (5.2--)6--7.5(--10) mm, with black and white trichomes intermixed; lobes subulate, 2--3.5(--4.5) mm. Corolla purple and bluish purple; standard 10--14.2 X 6--8 mm, lamina obovate to ovate, apex rounded to emarginate; wings 10--13.5 X ca. 3 mm, lamina narrowly elliptic, apex 2-lobed; keel 1--1.4 cm, beak (0.5--)2.5--3.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe as long as calyx; body cylindric, 2--3 X ca. 0.5 cm, erect or slightly incurved, inflated, 1-locular, with appressed short pubescence. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Sep.

* Meadows, roadsides, hill tops, sandy sites in valleys; 2000--3400 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.

37. Oxytropis zekogensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 350. 1997.

泽库棘豆 ze ku ji dou

Herbs, 20--40 cm tall, caulescent, from a superficial caudex. Stems purplish, prostrate to erect-ascending, with sparsely spreading white pubescent. Stipules with an ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate free part, 5--7 mm, with sparse trichomes, basal ca. 1/3 connate. Leaves 3--8 cm, with 13--21(--25) leaflets; petiole of basal leaves 0.2--2 cm but apical leaves sessile; rachis with spreading long trichomes; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate, 3--10 X 2--6 mm, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes dense and remaining subcapitate or shortly elongating in fruit, 5--12-flowered; peduncle 7--15 cm, erect, sparsely white pubescent but below inflorescence densely pubescent; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3--6 mm, with sparse trichomes. Calyx campanulate, ca. 6 X 3 mm, with blackish brown and white trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 2 mm. Corolla violet to purple; standard 1--1.1 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 9 mm, apex obliquely emarginate; keel ca. 8 mm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume with a short pedicel; body elliptical to cylindric, 10--14 X 5--6 mm, inflated, with spreading white and brown short trichomes. Fl. and fr. Sep.

* Riversides and alpine meadows, 2700--3400 m. Qinghai.

38. Oxytropis chinglingensis C. W. Chang, Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 446. 1981.

秦岭棘豆 qin ling ji dou

Oxytropis humilis C. W. Chang.

Herbs, 8--12 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming. Stems slender, prostrate or sometimes ascending, with 1 or more apparent internodes. Stipules lanceolate, 5--8 mm, abaxially pubescent, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. Leaves ca. 8 cm, with (17 or)19 or 21 leaflets; petiole and rachis slender, sparsely pubescent; leaflet blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5--10 X 3--4.5 mm, midvein with trichomes, base cuneate to round, apex acute to rounded. Racemes compact, (4--)6--8-flowered; peduncle 7--11 cm, sparsely pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 3--5 mm, herbaceous, abaxially pubescent. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 X 3 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, densely black strigose. Corolla color unknown; standard ca. 1.2 X 0.8 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 11 X 3 mm, lamina oblong, apex emarginate; keel ca. 1.1 cm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong-cylindric, 9--13 X 4--5 mm, inflated, papery, with black trichomes, 1-locular, 8--12-seeded, adaxial suture slightly convex, apex acute, beak curved. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Sunny grasslands, meadows on sunny slopes; 1800--3900 m. Shaanxi, Xizang.

39. Oxytropis sitaipaiensis T. P. Wang ex C. W. Chang, Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 446. 1981.

西太白棘豆 xi tai bai ji dou

Herbs, 10--13 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed buried caudex. Stems slender, caespitose, spreading, ascending, or erect, with 2 or more apparent internodes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3--5 mm, membranous, with sparse trichomes, basally connate, margin ciliate, apex acute. Leaves 5--10 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis thin, sparsely pubescent; leaflet blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, 8--10 X 2--4 mm, both surfaces with subappressed white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes rather lax, 3--5-flowered; peduncle 5--6 cm, as long or shorter than leaves, with sparse trichomes; bracts subulate, ca. 2 mm, membranous, sparsely pilose. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 X 3 mm; lobes linear, 2--3 mm. Corolla purplish; standard ca. 11 X 3 mm, lamina elliptic; wings ca. 1 cm, lamina oblong, apex rounded; keel ca. 9.5 mm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 7 mm; body oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 2.3 X 0.4 cm, inflated and slightly flattened, 1-locular, with dense white short trichomes, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute, beak ca. 3 mm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Gravelly places in valleys, hillsides; 1800--2000 m. Shaanxi.

1a. Leaves almost sessile .......................................................................................................................... 39a. var. sitaipaiensis

1bLeaves wiaht a 1--3 mm petiole ........................................................................................................... 39b. var. brevidentata

39a. Oxytropis sitaipaiensis var. sitaipaiensis

西太白棘豆(原变种) xi tai bai ji dou (yuan bian zhong)

Leaves almost sessile. Fl. May--Jun. Fr. Jul--Aug.

* Gravelly valley bottoms; ca. 1800 m. Shaanxi.

39b. Oxytropis sitaipaiensis var. brevidentata (C. W. Chang) X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi, Cathaya 11--12: 112. 2000.

短萼齿棘豆 duan e chi ji dou

Oxytropis melanocalyx Bunge var. brevidentata C. W. Chang, Fl. Tsinling.1(3): 445. 1981.

Leaves with a 1--3 mm pediole. Fl. Jun, fr. Jun.

* Hillsides; ca. 2000 m. Shaanxi (Yang Xian).

40. Oxytropis sinkiangensis S. H. Cheng ex C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 8: 13. 1988.

新疆棘豆 xin jiang ji dou

Herbs, 10--60 cm tall, caulescent, evidently clump-forming from a superficial caudex. Stems erect or spreading-ascending, with spreading white short trichomes. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 8--11 mm, herbaceous, with appressed trichomes, distinct, apex acuminate. Leaves 5--10 cm, with 7--19 leaflets; petiole and rachis adaxially sulcate, with spreading white trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, broadly lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, 1.5--3 X 0.6--1 cm, with appressed white long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes elongate and further elongating in fruit, many-flowered; peduncle 7--20 cm, as long or longer than leaves, basally with dense trichomes; bracts subulate, ca. 1.5 mm, membranous, with white long trichomes. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 mm, with spreading dense white long trichomes sometimes mixed with appressed black short trichomes; lobes linear, ca. 1 mm. Corolla yellow; standard 6--7 mm, lamina orbicular and 4--5 mm wide, apex emarginate; wings ca. 5.5 mm, lamina oblong, apex emarginate; keel ca. 4 mm, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 4 mm; body oblong, pendulous, inflated, thickly membranous, vesicular, 1-locular, without a septum, with semi-spreading white trichomes, beak ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Wastelands; 500--1000 m. Gansu, Xinjiang.

41. Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 57. 1874.

黄花棘豆 huang hua ji dou

Herbs, 10--56 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming. Stems erect or sprawling, with 2--5 or more apparent internodes, yellowish pilose. Stipules ovate with an triangular distinct part, herbaceous to papery, with dense to sparse long trichomes, free from petiole, basally connate. Leaves 3--19 cm, with (11 or)13--27(--39) leaflets; rachis with pale brown glands and yellow long trichomes; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 2.5--3 X 0.2--1 cm, both surfaces strigose with sparse short or long trichomes. Racemes compact, 8--14-flowered or more; peduncle (3.5--)10--25 cm, as long to much longer than leaves, erect, with incurved long trichomes or strigose; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, with dense trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 5.8--7.2(--8.5) mm, vesiculate membranous, with dense trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2.2--5.1 mm. Corolla yellow; standard 1--1.7 cm, lamina broadly obovate, margin entire, apex emarginate; wings 1--1.2 cm; keel 0.8--1.2 cm, beak 0.3--0.6(--1) mm. Legume shortly stipitate to subsessile; body oblong, 1.2--1.5 cm, inflated, leathery, 1-locular, with dense short trichomes, beak incurved at apex. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

* Grasslands, weedy slopes and alpine meadows; 1800--4500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.

42. Oxytropis meinshausensii Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 10: 254. 1842.

萨拉套棘豆 sa la tao ji dou

Herbs, 20--45 cm tall, caulescent, from a simple or several-branched caudex. Stems erect or ascending, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes, with spreading long trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 1.1 cm, herbaceous to membranous, with spreading white trichomes. Leaves 7--15 cm, with 11--15 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 1--3 X 0.3--0.8 cm, both surfaces with spreading sparse long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes compact to lax, several- to many-flowered; peduncle 10--35 cm, thick, longer than leaves, with spreading dark brown trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 5--8 mm, membranous, with white and black long trichomes, apex acuminate. Calyx campanulate, 8--10 mm, with black and white short trichomes; lobes linear, 4--5 mm. Corolla yellow; standard 1.3--1.5 X 0.8--1.2 cm, lamina orbicular, apex 2-lobed; wings shorter than standard; keel as long as wings, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1.5--2 mm; body oblong-ovoid, 2--3 X 0.5--0.6 cm, erect, leathery, 2-locular, with spreading black and white trichomes. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.

Hillsides, alpine grasslands, between stones in valleys, roadsides, and on Picea forests margins; 1600--3600 m. Gansu, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

43. Oxytropis pilosa (Linnaeus) Candolle, Astragalogia 91. 1802.

疏毛棘豆 shu mao ji dou

Astragalus pilosus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 756. 1753.

Herbs, 20--50 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a superficial multi-headed caudex. Stems thick, erect, with many branches, with 4--8 or more apparent internodes, with spreading dense long trichomes. Stipules oblong-ovate to lanceolate, (0.6--)1--1.3 cm, herbaceous, with long trichomes, adnate to base of petiole, apex acute. Leaves 5--12 cm, with 15--29 leaflets; petiole and rachis sulcate, with spreading trichomes; leaflet blades elliptic to lanceolate, 1--2.3 X 0.3--1 cm, both surfaces pubescent, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes dense but slightly elongating in fruit, many-flowered, basally with dense trichomes; peduncle in uppermost axils, 3--12 cm, thick, longer than leaves, with appressed long trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 7 mm, herbaceous, with long trichomes, apex acute. Calyx broadly cylindric, 7--9 mm, with trichomes; lobes awl-shaped to linear, 3.5--4.5 mm. Corolla pale yellow; standard 0.9--1.4 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings 8--11 mm; keel 7--10.2 mm, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume lanceolate-ovoid to cylindric, 1.5--2 X 1--1.5 cm, ascending, leathery, 2-locular, with spreading dense white trichomes, septum developed, adaxial suture grooved, apex acute. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

Valleys, southwest facing hilly areas, meadows, and shrublands; 1400--4300 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].

44. Oxytropis gueldenstaedtioides Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 65. 1905.

米口袋状棘豆 mi kou dai zhuang ji dou

Herbs, ca. 15 cm tall, caulescent, with trichomes or glabrous. Stems with 2--4 apparent internodes, many branched. Stipules lanceolate, rarely connate at base. Leaves 6--8 cm, sessile, with 27--39 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, abaxially with appressed lax trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes few-flowered; peduncle 6--8 cm; bracts linear, ca. 2 mm. Calyx broadly cylindric, 8--10 X 2--3 mm, with lax white trichomes; lobes subulate, 4--7 mm. Corolla yellow; standard 8--9 mm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings shorter than standard, apex obliquely emarginate; keel ca. 6.7 mm, slightly shorter than wings, claw ca. 3.3 mm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 7 mm; body ovoid, 2--2.5 X 0.5--0.6 cm, inflated, membranous, 1-locular, glabrous or subglabrous, beak ca. 5 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jun--Jul.

* Grassland on hillsides; elevation unknown. Gansu, Shaanxi.

45. Oxytropis ochroleuca Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou. 39(2): 6. 1866.

淡黄棘豆 dan huang ji dou

Herbs, 5--30 cm tall, caulescent, tuft-forming, from a multi-headed caudex. Stems green, erect, with 2--4 apparent internodes, with sparse trichomes. Stipules connate as a sheath. Leaves 5--15(--19) cm, with 21--33 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading trichomes; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to broadly elliptic, 8--20(--30) X 2--5(--8) mm, both surfaces green and with sparse trichomes. Racemes ovoid-globose, dense, many-flowered; peduncle 1/2--2/3 as long as leaves, with sparse white incurved trichomes and apically mixed with black short trichomes; bracts linear, ca. 4 mm, longer than calyx tube, membranous, with black trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 7--8 mm, with sparse black trichomes; lobes lanceolate-linear, 3--4 mm. Corolla pale yellow; standard 1.2--1.6 cm, lamina orbicular-ovate, apex 2-lobed; wings 1.1--1.2 cm; keel ca. 1 cm, apically maculate, beak very short. Legume stipitate; stipe 1--1.5 mm; body cylindric-ovoid, (1--)1.5--2.5 X 0.4--0.6 cm, pendulous, with dense black and white trichomes, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak apex hooked. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

Valleys, gravelly areas; 1600--1700 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

46. Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 38. 1874.

甘肃棘豆 gan su ji dou

Oxytropis leucocephala Ulbrich; O. longipedunculata C. W. Chang; O. thionantha Ulbrich.

Herbs, (12--)15--40(--60) cm tall, caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stems apparently sprawling, with (3 or)4 or 5 conspicuous internodes. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 5 X 2 mm, herbaceous, villous with whitish and blackish trichomes, basally connate. Leaves (2.5--)4--14(--20) cm, erect, with 17--31(--35) leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, 5--15(--18) X 2--6(--7) mm, glabrescent or sparsely spreading white villous. Racemes 3--15-flowered; peduncle 7--21(--30) cm, erect, ± as long as leaves, glabrescent or sparsely spreading white villous; bracts triangular, 6--7 X ca. 3 mm, membranous, contrasting with petal color, with whitish and blackish trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 6.5--11.5 X 2--4 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--8 X ca. 0.5 mm, shorter to as long as tube. Corolla yellow, pale yellow, or rarely red; standard 1--1.7 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings 0.8--1.5 cm, lamina obovate; keel 0.8--1.3 cm, beak 0.2--1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1--1.5 mm; body oblong-ovoid, 8--12 X 3--10.5 mm, inflated, papery. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

Subalpine or alpine meadows, hillsides, weedy areas, dry forest margins, Picea forests, riverside grasslands, and damp areas; 2200--3000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang [Nepal].

47. Oxytropis qinghaiensis Y. Huan Wu, Novon 6: 187. 1996.

青海棘豆 qing hai ji dou

Oxytropis qinghaiensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occident. Sin. 17(1): 109. 1997, not Y. Huan Wu (1996).

Herbs, 15--40 cm tall, caulescent, tufted, much branched from a superficial caudex. Stems prostrate or sprawling, with (0 or)1--4 or more apparent internodes, densely white hispid. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, white hispid, basal half connate. Leaves (1.8--)5--12 cm; leaflets 13--29, opposite or subopposite, subsessile; leaflet blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 3--12 X 2--7 mm, both surfaces densely white white long pilose or pilosulose, base rounded, apex acuminate to obtuse. Racemes initially capitate, elongating to 1.5--2.5 cm in fruit, 5--13-flowered; peduncle (3--)6--16 cm, surpassing leaves, with spreading to ascending trichomes, crinkly below, straight above; bracts lanceolate, 4--7 mm, hispid. Calyx campanulate, (5--)6--8 mm, black and white hispid; lobes 1.8--2.7 mm, shorter to as long as tube. Corolla purple to bluish purple, turning bluish with age; standard 1--1.1 cm, lamina obovate, apex slightly emarginate; wings 0.9--1.1 cm, apex rounded; keel 8--9.5 mm, beak 0.2--0.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1.5--2 mm; body oblong, 12--16 X 4.5--7 mm, densely white and black hispid, apex hooked. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Flood plains, sunny slopes, roadsides, pebble terraces, sandy areas; 3400--4700 m. Qinghai.

Y. Huan Wu named Oxytropis qinghaiensis three times (Novon 6: 187. 1996; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occident. Sin. 17(1): 109. 1997; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1: 36. 1997), each time with a different type and representing two different species with the other species being re-named O. nangqianensis.

48. Oxytropis hirsuta Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 55. 1874.

长硬毛棘豆 chang ying mao ji dou

Herbs, 3--7 cm tall, caulescent, tuft-forming, from a multi-headed caudex, with spreading white long thin trichomes. Stems ascending or sometimes erect, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes. Stipules linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, not connate. Leaves 5--9 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading long crisp trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate, 7--15 X 2--2.5 mm, both surfaces with long trichomes but with spreading trichomes on adaxial surface. Racemes elongately spicate, lax, 7--9-flowered; peduncle 3--9 cm, slightly shorter to rarely as long as leaves, with spreading trichomes; bracts linear-subulate, slightly shorter to longer than calyx tube. Calyx campanulate, 7--9 mm, like bracts covered with spreading white long trichomes; lobes filiform, as long or slightly shorter than tube. Corolla violet-purple; standard 1.2--1.3(--1.5) X 0.9--1 cm, lamina elliptic, apex rounded; wings as long as standard, apex slightly emarginate; keel shorter than wings, beak long subulate and 2.5--3 mm. Legume with a ca. 1.5 mm pedicel; body narrowly cylindric, 1.5--2 X 0.3--0.4 cm including beak, ± 2-locular, covered with spreading white long trichomes, septum ca. 1 mm wide at adaxial suture, apex acuminate, beak ca. 3 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug.

Grassland on hillsides, steppes on stone and dry slopes, gravelly areas, and deserts; 500--1400 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (W Siberia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

49. Oxytropis dichroantha Schrenk in Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 78. 1841.

色花棘豆 se hua ji dou

Oxytropis algida Bunge.

Herbs, 4--10 cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a shortly branched caudex. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 6--7 mm, adnate to petiole at base, connate nearly to middle. Leaves 3--6(--8) cm, with 17--25(--29) leaflets; petioles and rachis spreading villous with short trichomes; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-ovate, 3--8(--12) X 2--5 mm, both surfaces sericeous. Racemes capitate to ovoid, dense, many-flowered; peduncle as long as leaves, with appressed to spreading trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, as long to slightly shorter than calyx tube, with white trichomes sometimes mixed with rufous trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 5--7 mm, semispreading villous with short black and longer white trichomes; lobes linear-subulate, as long or longer than tube. Corolla pinkish violet; standard 0.9--1.4 cm, lamina broadly ovate to orbicular, apex slightly emarginate; wings as long or nearly as long as standard, lamina oblong; keel shorter than standard and wings, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume subsessile; body oblong-ellipsoid, 7--12 X ca. 4 mm, inflated, thinly leathery, ± 2-locular, spreading villous with white long trichomes, beak 1--1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

Stony slopes and valleys in high mountain regions; 2200--3200 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

50. Oxytropis glabra (Lamarck) Candolle, Astragalogia 95. 1802.

小花棘豆 xiao hua ji dou

Astragalus glaber Lamarck, Encycl. 1(2): 525. 1783; Oxytropis diffusa Ledebour; O. drakeana Franchet; O. glabra var. drakeana (Franchet) C. W. Chang; O. glabra var. tenuis Palibin; O. glareosa Vassilczenko; O. salina Vassilczenko; O. tenuis Palibin.

Herbs, (8--)20--80(--100) cm tall, caulescent, tuft-forming. Stems erect (or sprawling), with 2--4 or more apparent internodes from a multi-headed caudex, with many branches, with appressed trichomes. Stipules ovate to lanceolate-ovate, herbaceous, basally connate, distinct part (2--)5--10 mm. Leaves (3--)5--15 cm, with 11--29 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, (4--)5--25 X (1--)3--7 mm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous or strigose, base rounded to broadly truncate, apex acute to retuse. Racemes 4--7 cm, lax, few- to many-flowered; peduncle (2--)5--20 cm, slightly shorter to longer than leaves; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1--2 mm, membranous, with sparse trichomes, apex acute. Flowers spreading to declined. Calyx campanulate, (2.2--)4--5 mm, appressed white pubescent; lobes lanceolate, triangular, or awl-shaped, 1.5--2 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard (5--)7--8(--10) mm, lamina orbicular, apex slightly emarginate; wings (5--)6--7 mm, apex rounded; keel (4.2--)5--6 mm, beak 0.2--0.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1--2.5 mm; body subcylindric, 10--20 X 3--5 mm, pendulous, slightly inflated, membranous, 1-locular, with appressed white or white and black trichomes, glabrescent, beak 1--1.5 mm. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16.

Hill and roadsides, sandy areas, scrub, damp places, flood plains, fields, sandy flats, semi-stabilized sand dunes, steppes, and desert meadows; 400--4400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia].

Oxytropis puberula Borissova, published in 1936, belongs here but is invalid because it lacks a Latin description or diagnosis.

51. Oxytropis podoloba Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 327. 1842.

长柄棘豆 chang bing ji dou

Oxytropis brachybotrys Bunge.

Herbs, (7--)15--35 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming. Stems green to grayish green, erect or ascending, with 3--5 or more apparent internodes, with appressed to spreading trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, 4--7 mm, herbaceous, basally connate. Leaves 3--7 cm, with (11 or)13--21(--25) leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, 5--10(--12) X (1.5--)2--4 mm, both surfaces with appressed trichomes. Racemes initially compact but elongating after anthesis, 8--12-flowered; peduncle 4.5--13 cm, much longer than leaves, apically with incurved trichomes; bracts linear, with white and black trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 4.5--5 mm, with black and white trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 2.4--2.5 mm, as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 8--10 mm, apex rounded; wings ca. 1 cm, almost as long as standard; keel 7--8 mm, beak 1.4--2 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 5 mm; body lanceolate-oblong, 1.5--2 X 0.3--0.4 cm, pendulous, thinly leathery, with long trichomes, adaxial suture deeply grooved. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jun--Jul.

* Sandy and gravelly flood plains; ca. 3900 m. Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

52. Oxytropis maqinensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19: 34. 1997.

玛沁棘豆 ma qin ji dou

Oxytropis maqinensis var. deformisifloris Y. Huan Wu.

Herbs, 20--40 cm tall, caulescent, from slender rhizomatous multi-headed caudex. Stems erect with 2--4 apparent internodes, sparsely short pubescent. Stipules with an ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate distinct part, 0.9--1.2 cm, with dense white long trichomes, connate for basal half. Leaves 5--10(--12) X (1.5--)2--4 mm, with 15--23 leaflets; petiole and rachis with sparse trichomes; petiole 0.5--4 cm; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to oblong, 6--17 X 2--5 mm, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes dense, many-flowered; peduncle 10--16 cm; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 6--11 mm, with dense long trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 7.5--11(--11.2) X ca. 3 mm, with dense long trichomes; lobes linear, (3--)5--6 mm. Corolla pale purple; standard 1.5--1.6 cm, lamina ovate, ca. 8 mm wide, apex emarginate; wings 1.2--1.4 cm, lamina obliquely obovate and ca. 4 mm wide, apex retuse to slightly emarginate; keel 1--1.2 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, cylindric, 1.5--2 X ca. 0.4 cm, with spreading dense white and black short trichomes, adaxial suture deeply grooved, apex acute. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Gravel, sunny slopes, meadows in alpine areas; 3300--4500 m. Qinghai.

53. Oxytropis giraldii Ulbrich, Bot. Jahrd. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 66. 1905.

华西棘豆 hua xi ji dou

Oxytropis ningxiaensis C. W. Chang.

Herbs, 20--45 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, subglabrous with sparse trichomes or with appressed dense yellow trichomes. Stems erect or ascending, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes. Stipules ovate-triangular, 6--8 X ca. 3 mm, with sparse trichomes, distinct. Leaves 5--10 cm, with (11--)21--31 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading yellow trichomes or glabrous; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, 5--14 X (2--)3--5 mm, both surfaces with yellow long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Racemes rather lax in both flower and fruit, many-flowered; peduncle (3--)5--14 cm; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3--7 mm, with sparse yellow trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 7--8 mm, with spreading black trichomes; lobes lanceolate, (2--)3--4 mm. Corolla blue to purple; standard 1--1.5 cm, lamina ovate and 8--10 mm wide, apex emarginate; wings 1--1.2(--1.4) cm, lamina elliptic, apex emarginate; keel 0.9--1.2 cm, beak 1--1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 5 mm; body brown, oblong, ellipsoid, or subglobose, (1.7--)2--2.5 X (0.7--)0.8--1 cm, inflated, membranous to subleathery, 1-locular, with spreading sparse trichomes, septum ca. 0.5(--0.8) mm wide, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak very short to 3 mm. Fl. and fr. May--Aug.

* Wastelands, forested valleys, grasslands on hillsides; 2100--3600 m. Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan.

54. Oxytropis xinglongshanica C. W. Chang, Taxon 53: 806. 2004.

兴隆山棘豆 xing long shan ji dou

Herbs, 20--50 cm tall, caulescent, sparsely appressed pubescent. Stems erect, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes. Stipules ovate-lanceolate with a triangular distinct part, ca. 8 mm, herbaceous, with dense white long trichomes, connate to middle, apex acute. Leaves 6--20 cm, with 19--23 leaflets; petiole and rachis adaxially sulcate, with appressed sparse trichomes; leaflet blades ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 1.4--2 X 0.5--0.9 cm, both surfaces with appressed sparse short trichomes, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acute. Racemes lax, many-flowered; peduncle 7--18 cm, erect, with incurved white trichomes; bracts linear to narrowly ovate, 3--5 mm, herbaceous, with white short trichomes, apex acuminate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 8 X 3 mm, with appressed black and white short trichomes; lobes linear, (2.2--)3--5 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard 1.1--1.5 cm, lamina narrowly or broadly ovate and ca. 6 or 10 mm wide, apex emarginate; wings 1.1--1.4 cm, lamina ca. 3.3 or 4.5 mm wide, apex emarginate; keel 1--1.3 cm, beak 1.5--1.7 mm. Legume pale yellow brown, stipitate; stipe 2.5--3(--6) mm; body oblong, ca. 22 X 4 mm, inflated, subleathery, 1-locular, adaxially deeply grooved, with appressed black and white trichomes, septum ca. 0.5 mm wide, beak ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Hillsides, valleys; 1800--2600 m. Gansu.

One of the co-authors (Stan Welsh), considers that there is no fundamental difference between this species and Oxytropis giraldii.

1a. Corolla standard with lamina narrowly ovate, 1.1--1.4 X ca. 0.6 cm; wings ca. 1.1 cm, lamina ca. 3 mm ......... 54a. var. xinglongshanica

1b. Corolla standard with lamina broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 X 1 cm; wings ca. 1.4 cm, lamina ca. 4.5 mm wide ........... 4b. var. obesusicorollata

54a. Oxytropis xinglongshanica var. xinglongshanica

兴隆山棘豆(原变种) xing long shan ji dou (yuan bian zhong)

Lamina of corolla standard narrowly ovate, 11--14 X ca. 6 mm; wings ca. 1.1, lamina ca. 3.3 mm wide. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Hillsides; 1800--2600 m. Gansu.

54b. Oxytropis xinglongshanica var. obesusicorollata Y. Huan Wu in X. Y. Zhu et al., Legumes China 636. 2007.

肥冠棘豆 fei guan ji dou

Lamina of corolla standard broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 X 1 cm; wings ca. 1.4 cm, lamina ca. 4.5 mm wide. Fl. Jun, fr. unknown.

* Valleys; ca. 2300 m. Gansu.

55. Oxytropis densiflora P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 372. 1980.

密叶棘豆 mi ye ji dou

Herbs, 10--17 cm tall, caulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex. Stems erect to spreading, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes, with many branches, with spreading dense white and black trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, 6--10 mm, thinly membranous, with sparse to dense white long trichomes, free from petiole, basally connate. Leaves (4--)5--6 cm, with 21--33 densely arranged leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, narrowly oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, (6--)7--10 X 3--5 mm, abaxially with dense trichomes, adaxially with spreading sparse to dense white long trichomes. Racemes oblong, many-flowered; peduncle ca. 6 cm, almost as long as leaves, with spreading dense white or mixed black and white trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 5--7 mm, with black and white long trichomes; lobes linear, slightly shorter to ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla bluish purple to purple; standard 1--1.2 cm, lamina orbicular to broadly ovate-rhombic, apex emarginate; wings narrowly oblong, 9--10 mm, slightly concave, apex rounded; keel shorter than wings, beak 0.5--0.7 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe equaling calyx tube; body oblong-cylindric or broadly oblong, ca. 1 cm or 1.5--1.7 cm, ca. 3 mm wide, pendulous, adaxial suture grooved, with dense white and black short trichomes, septum narrow. Fl. and fr. Aug.

* Slopes, grasslands; 3200--4000 m. Gansu, Xizang.

This species is misspelled as “Oxytropis densifolia” in FRPS 42(2): 102. 1998.

1a. Legume body oblong-cylindric, 1.5--1.7 cm .......................................................................................... 55a. var. densiflora

1b. Legume body broadly oblong, ca. 1 cm ........................................................................................... 55b. var. multiramosa

55a. Oxytropis densiflora var. densiflora

密叶棘豆（原变种） mi ye ji dou (yuan bian zhong)

Legume body oblong cylindric, 1--1.7 cm. Fl. and fr. Aug.

* Slopes, grasslands; 3200--4000 m. Gansu, Xizang.

55b. Oxytropis densiflora var. multiramosa (P. C. Li) X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi, Cathaya 11--12: 91. 2000.

多枝棘豆 duo zhi ji dou

Oxytropis multiramosa P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 372. 1980.

Legume body broadly oblong, ca. 1 cm.

* Xizang (Qamdo Xian).

56. Oxytropis latialata P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 370. 1980.

宽翼棘豆 kuan yi ji dou

Herbs, 3--4 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, subterranean caudex branches sometimes with 1or 2 apparent internodes below tuft of leaves. Stipules with a triangular distinct part ca. 2 mm, 8--10 mm, submembranous, with appressed white long trichomes when young, adnate to petiole, basal half connate, margin ciliate when mature. Leaves ca. 2 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed to spreading long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, 2.5--6 X 1.5--2 mm, both surfaces with appressed white long trichomes or abaxially glabrescent, abaxially with trichomes on margin. Racemes compact, 2--5-flowered; peduncle 2--4.5 cm, longer than leaves, subglabrous, with spreading sparse trichomes below raceme; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx tube. Calyx campanulate, 5--7 mm, with dense black and white long trichomes; lobes lanceolate, as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 0.9--1.1 cm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings 7--9 mm, lamina obcordate, apex 2-lobed; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Ovary stipitate. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun.

* Mountain slopes; ca. 5100 m. Xizang (Baingoin Xian).

57. Oxytropis lapponica (Wahlenberg) Gay, Flora 10(2): 30. 1827.

拉普兰棘豆 la pu lan ji dou

Phaca lapponica Wahlenberg, Veg. Clom. Helvet. 131. 1813; Oxytropis amoena Karelin & Kirilov; O. carinthiaca Fischer-Ooststroom; O. thomasii Gaudin.

Herbs, 8--30 cm tall, caulescent, from a simple or branched caudex, tufted. Stems with 2 or more internodes apparent, pubescent with appressed pale yellow and black trichomes. Stipules ovate-lanceolate with an ovate-lanceolate distinct part, 4--10 mm, herbaceous, with sparse trichomes, basal half connate, apex acute. Leaves 3--16 cm, with 17--37 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed white trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 10--17 X 1--5 mm, both surfaces with appressed trichomes, base rounded to obtuse, apex acute. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle 2--22 cm, as long or longer than leaves, basally with appressed black and white trichomes, apically with appressed black trichomes; bracts lanceolate-linear to linear, 2--6 mm, with appressed white and black trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 5--7 mm, dense black and white pubescent; lobes lanceolate-subulate, 1.5--3 mm. Corolla pale purple; standard 0.8--1.2 cm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings 7--10 mm, apex obliquely truncate and broadly emarginate; keel 7--8 mm, beak short and indistinct or to 2.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--3 mm; body cylindric, ovoid, or narrowly cylindric, 8--14 X 4--5 mm, pendulous, inflated, thickly membranous, 1-locular, with appressed dense black trichomes, adaxial suture widely grooved, beak short. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16.

Meadows in alpine areas, gravelly areas, riverbanks; 3300--4600 m. Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe].

58. Oxytropis melanocalyx Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 8. 1874.

黑萼棘豆 hei e ji dou

Herbs, usually 5--15(--17) cm tall, caulescent from a simple to much-branched at least slightly subterranean sometimes rhizomatous caudex. Stems with (0 or)1--4 apparent internodes, basally with persistent stipules. Stipules ovate-triangular, herbaceous, free from petiole, basally connate, apex acute. Leaves mainly (1.8--)4.5--16 cm, with 9--25 leaflets; rachis thin, with sparse yellow long trichomes; leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 5--11 X 2--4 mm, both surfaces with sparse yellow, white, and black long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes compact, 3--10(--15)-flowered; peduncle 5.5--14 cm, slightly shorter to longer than leaves, thin, basally with white trichomes, apically with white and black trichomes intermixed; bracts longer than pedicels, membranous. Calyx campanulate, 4--9.2 X 2--3.5 mm, with black short trichomes mixed with yellow and white trichomes; lobes lanceolate-linear, 2.5--4.7 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla blue; standard (1--)1.1--1.4 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex rounded to 2-lobed; wings (7.3--)8--11.6 mm, apex rounded to emarginate; keel 6.9--9.5(--11) mm, beak 0.2--1.1 mm. Legume sessile or with a stipe; body broadly oblong, 1.5--2 X 0.7--1.2 cm, pendulous, inflated, papery, 1-locular, with long trichomes. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Hillsides, among scrub, grasslands, gravel areas, alpine meadows among dwarf Salix on steep slopes, heavily grazed pasture/meadows in alpine areas, and Larix forests; 2200--5100 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.

59. Oxytropis subpodoloba P. C. Li, Fl. Xizang. 2: 864. 1985.

短序棘豆 duan xu ji dou

Herbs, 15--30 cm tall, caulescent, clump-forming from a multi-headed caudex. Stems erect or prostrate, with 2--4 or more elongate internodes, with lax branches, with spreading white trichomes. Stipules leathery, with sparse white long trichomes, basal half connate. Leaves 6--10 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis with sparse trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, both surfaces densely appressed sericeous with long trichomes. Racemes dense to lax, many-flowered; peduncle ca. 20 cm, with spreading sparse white long trichomes. Calyx 6--8 mm, with dense white long and black short trichomes; lobes 3--4 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla purple; standard 8--10 mm, lamina narrowly orbicular to suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings as long as standard, apex roundly emarginate; keel slightly short wings, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong, ca. 14.5 X 5.3 mm, 2-locular, with a adaxial suture, with dense black and white short trichomes, septum narrow. Fl. and fr. Aug.

* Gravelly riparian sites, south-facing slopes. 3500--4200 m. Xizang.

8. Oxytropis sect. Dolichanthos Gontscharow in Komarov, Fl. URSS 13: 541. 1948.

长华棘豆组 chang hua ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent. Leave odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 3--4-flowered; peduncle 6--8 cm, shorter than leaves. Lamina of corolla standard oblong, widened in basal half, apex emarginate. Legume unknown for Chinese species.

Two species: C Asia, China; one species (endemic) in China.

60. Oxytropis guinanensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 348. 1997.

贵南棘豆 gui nan ji dou

Herbs, 8--11 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex clothed with marcescent stipules and petioles. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 10 X 3 mm, membranous, adnate to petiole, connate to above middle. Leaves 3--10 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; petioles 2--5 cm, densely white pilose; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, 5--16 X 1--3.5 mm, both surfaces densely appressed pilose, base rounded to cuneate, apex acute to obtuse. Racemes compact, 3- or 4-flowered; peduncle 6--8 cm, with dense whitish trichomes; bracts oblong to broadly lanceolate, 5--7 X ca. 1.5 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes. Calyx subcylindric, 12--14 X 4--5 mm, with spreading dense white and black trichomes; lobes subulate, 3--4 X ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 2.2--2.4 X 0.5--0.7 cm, lamina obovate, basally tapering, and constricted above middle an hence becoming 3-lobed, apex truncate and slightly retuse; wings 2--2.2 cm, lamina ca. 7 mm wide, apex rounded; keel 1.6--1.8 cm, beak 3--3.5 mm. Legume unknown. Fl. Jul.

* Deserts; ca. 3200 m. Qinghai (Guinan Xian).

9. Oxytropis sect. Sichuanica C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 8: 11. 1988.

四川棘豆组 si chuan ji dou zu

Leave odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 7--9(or more)-flowered; peduncle longer than leaves. Lamina of corolla standard oblong, widened in basal half, apex emarginate. Legume evidently stipitate; body narrowly ellipsoid.

Monotypic: endemic to China.

61. Oxytropis sichuanica C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 8: 11. 1988.

四川棘豆 si chuan ji dou

Herbs, 10--17 cm tall, caulescent, from a subterranean multi-headed caudex, with 1 or 2 apparent internodes. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 5 X 3 mm, thickly herbaceous, with sparse glands, basally connate. Leaves 3--8 cm, with 7--21 leaflets; petiole 3--4.5 cm; rachis with brownish glands at insertion of leaflets, pilose; leaflet blades ovate, 5--12 X 2--5 mm. Racemes compact and not expanding in fruit, 7--9-flowered or more; peduncle 10--14 cm, densely crisp-pubescent below inflorescence; bracts lanceolate, ca. 9 X 3 mm, membranous, blackish villous. Calyx subcylindric, 8--10 X ca. 4 mm, with spreading blackish and lax yellowish trichomes intermixed; lobes subulate, 4--5 X ca. 0.5 mm, as long as tube. Corolla reddish green, bluish violet, blue, yellow, or purple (when dry); standard 1.7--1.9 cm, lamina ovate, ca. 11 X 5 mm, and abruptly dilated below middle, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1.8 X 0.4 cm, apex retuse; keel ca. 1.5 cm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume evidently stipitate; body narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 15 X 4.5 mm, with appressed dense blackish trichomes. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug.

* Forest margins, grassland on ridges; 3900--4200 m. Sichuan.

10. Oxytropis sect. Auricula C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 7: 197. 1987.

耳瓣棘豆组 er ban ji dou zu

Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 6- or 7-flowered; peduncle subequal to shorter than leaves. Corolla standard auriculate, tapering into auricles at base, apex rounded. Legume unknown.

Monotypic: endemic to China.

62. Oxytropis auriculata C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 7: 197. 1987.

耳瓣棘豆 er ban ji dou

Herbs, ca. 17 cm tall, caulescent, procumbent, with 2--4 or more apparent internodes, sparsely white pubescent. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 5 X 2 mm, herbaceous, with whitish trichomes, not adnate to petiole, connate to middle. Leaves 5--8 cm, with 19--23 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate, 6--8 X 3--4 mm, both surfaces appressed pubescent, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes compact to rather lax, 6- or 7-flowered; peduncle 4--7.5 cm, appressed pilose but below raceme crisp-pubescent; bracts subulate, ca. 4 X 1 mm, membranous, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 8--10 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 4 X 0.5 mm, almost as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard ca. 1.2 cm, lamina ovate-triangular, ca. 7 X 5 mm, and base with 2 ca. 1.5 mm auricles, apex obliquely cuneate; wings ca. 1.1 cm, apex obliquely cuneate; keel ca. 1 cm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Ovary long stipitate. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun--Jul.

* Grasslands; elevation unknown. Sichuan.

11. Oxytropis sect. Brachytropis Ulziykhutag, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 64: 1235. 1979.

硬毛棘豆组 ying mao ji dou zu

Plants acaulescent, with spreading rigid trichomes. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate; leaflet blades largest leaflets of any Chinese species. Racemes spiciform, elongate, thick, many-flowered; peduncle as long or longer than leaves. Legume sessile, ovoid.

Two species: China, Mongolia, Russia; one species (not endemic) in China.

63. Oxytropis hirta Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 91. 1835.

硬毛棘豆 ying mao ji dou

Oxytropis hirta var. flavida G. Z. Qian; O. hirta var. wutuensis C. W. Chang; O. komarovii Vassilczenko.

Herbs, 10--50 cm tall or more, acaulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex, hirsute with spreading coarse long straight rigid trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 2--3 cm X 3--5 mm, membranous, with whitish rigid trichomes, basally connate. Leaves 10--15 cm or more, with 9--21 leaflets; leaflet blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, 1--5 X 0.5--2 cm (largest in Oxytropis species for China), base rounded to obtuse, apex acute to rounded. Racemes elongate, 6--14 cm, many-flowered; peduncle 10--40 cm, coarse, shorter to slightly longer than leaves; bracts triangular, 10--13 X 3--4 mm, with rigid trichomes, margin ciliate. Calyx subcylindric, 8--10 X ca. 3.5 mm, usually with spreading dense trichomes, sometimes glabrous but lobes with trichomes; lobes subulate, 4--5 X ca. 0.5 mm, subequal to tube. Corolla bluish purple, purple, blue, red, light yellow, yellowish green, reddish violet, pink, yellow, red, or white; standard 1.5--2 cm, lamina oblong-ovate, apex rounded; wings 1.4--1.8 cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apically entire or emarginate; keel 1.5--1.6 cm, beak 1--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 12--14 X 4--5 mm, with dense trichomes. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16, 32.

Hilltops and hillsides, roadsides, grasslands, sandy tracts, among shrubs, dry slope, and beneath sparse forest; 1000--4100 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

12. Oxytropis sect. Xerobia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 119. 1874.

矮生棘豆组 ai sheng ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent of subacaulescent, caespitose. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate. Racemes 1--8-flowered or more; peduncle 1--9 cm, shorter to slightly longer than leaves. Legume sessile or with a stipe to 5 mm; body ovoid or cylindric, 5--27 mm, membranous.

27 species: China, Mongolia, Russia; 22 species (12 endemic) in China.

1a. Leaves with 3 leaflets; leaflet blades of mature leaves 1.7--4.5 cm ...................................................... 64. O. diversifolia

1b. Leaves with 5--35 leaflets; leaflet blades 0.2--1(--1.4) cm.

2a. Racemes many-flowered (usually 10 or more).

3a. Corolla yellow, standard ca. 13 mm .......................................................................................... 65. O. maduoensis

3b. Corolla purple, standard 6--8 mm.

4a. Plants acaulescent or essentially so; peduncle shorter than leaves; stipules 7--9 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.3 mm .................................................................................................................. 66. O. linearibracteata

4b. Plants caulescent, with 2 or more internodes apparent; peduncle equaling or shorter than leaves; stipules 4--5 mm; beak of corolla keel ca. 2 mm ..................................................................... 67. O. lanceatifoliola

2b. Racemes (1- or)2--8(--10)-flowered.

5a. Corolla standard 0.5--0.9 cm; calyx 3.4--7 mm; racemes 2--5-flowered.

6a. Corolla white; racemes 2- or 3-flowered; calyx 6--7 mm; herbage green or greenish, not gray 82. O. biflora

6b. Corolla purple; racemes 2--5-flowered; calyx 3.4--6 mm; herbage with gray trichomes.

7a. Plants 1--2 cm tall; peduncle less than 1 cm, shorter than leaves ............ 80. O. brevipedunculata

7b. Plants 2--10 cm tall; peduncle 2--7 cm, subequal to leaves or slightly surpassing them.

8a. Leaves with 7--13 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4.5--10 X 0.5--2 mm; lamina of corolla standard oblong .......................................................................... 79. O. pusilla

8b. Leaves with 11--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate or oblong, 3--5 X 1--2 mm; lamina corolla standard transversely broadly ovate or ovate.

9a. Calyx ca. 3.4 mm; corolla wings ca. 6.2 mm, keel ca. 5 mm .................... 84. O. yanchiensis

9b. Calyx 5--6 mm; corolla wings ca. 8 mm, keel ca. 7 mm ............................ 85. O. cinerascens

5b. Corolla standard 0.9--2.6 cm; calyx (5--)6--15 mm; racemes (1- or)2--10-flowered.

10a. Corolla yellow or pale yellow.

11a. Racemes rather lax; calyx 1.2--1.3 cm; corolla pale yellow, standard rounded at apex, wings truncate to rounded apically ............................................................................................................ 68. O. ciliata

11b. Racemes subcompact; calyx 0.8--1 cm; corolla yellow, standard emarginate at apex, wings rounded apically .................................................................................................................. 77. O. pseudohirsuta

10b. Corolla purple, blue, purplish blue, or light purple.

12a. Corolla standard 0.9--1.3 cm, wings 1--1.2 cm.

13a. Plants 2--8 cm tall; bracts 5--6 mm; calyx lobes 1.5--1.7 mm; apex of corolla standard emarginate; legume body 1--1.5 cm ........................................................................................ 78. O. platysema

13b. Plants 7--15 cm tall; bracts 2--4 mm; calyx lobes 2--4 mm; apex of corolla standard 2-lobed; legume body 1.4--3.7 cm ................................................................................. 81. O. yunnanensis

12b. Corolla standard (1--)1.5--2.6(--3) cm, wings (1.2--)1.3--2.1(--2.5).

14a. Corolla standard 1--1.5(--2.1) cm; keel beak (1--)1.5--1.6 mm; legume 3--4 mm wide ..... 83. O. pauciflora

14b. Corolla standard (1.5--)1.7--2.6(--3) cm; keel beak 1--3 mm; legume 6--16 mm in wide (unknown for O. wutaiensis).

15a. Beak of corolla keel 1.5--3 mm; calyx (1--)1.2--1.6 cm.

16a. Leaves with 5--11 leaflets; bracts 10--14 mm...................................... 75. O. assiensis

16b. Leaves with 9--15 leaflets; bracts 3--10 mm.

17a. Stipules membranous; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-oblong, oblong, or oblong-linear, 3--7 X 1.5--3, plane; bracts 3--6 mm ................................ 69. O. poncinsii

17b. Stipules scarious; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, folded; bracts 6--10 mm ........................................................................... 70. O. eriocarpa.

15b. Beak of corolla keel 1--1.5(--1.8) mm; calyx 0.8--1.2(--1.3) cm (to 1.5 cm for O. inschanica)

18a. Leaflet blades apparently linear (involute).

19a. Leaves with 5--9 leaflets; corolla standard 2--3 cm, lamina subelliptic ... 71. O. inschanica

19b. Leaves with 9--13 leaflets; corolla 1.8--2.3 cm, lamina subrotund 72. O. leptophylla

18b. Leaflets blades ovate, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, plane or only marginally involute.

19a. Leaves with 13--21 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; racemes (2- or)3--5-flowered ............................................... 76. O. moellendorffii

19b. Leaves with 17--35 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate or oblong-lanceolate; racemes 2--8-flowered.

20a. Corolla wings rounded at apex; racemes compact, 2--4-flowered; stipules ca. 3 mm ......................................................................................... 73. O. wutaiensis

20b.Corolla wings 2-lobed at apex; racemes rather lax, 2--8-flowered; stipules 5--13 mm ................................................................................................ 74. O. anertii

64. Oxytropis diversifolia E. Peter, Acta Horti Gotob. 12: 78. 1938.

二型叶棘豆 er xing ye ji dou

Herbs, 3--5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or branching caudex, subglabrous. Branches with a thatch of marcescent leaf bases. Stipules ovate, ca. 4 mm, membranous, persistent, with white trichomes, adnate to petiole, apex acute. Leaves 3--5 cm, with 3 leaflets. Eophylls (early leaves): petiole ca. 7 mm; leaflet blades lanceolate-obovate to elliptic, 5--10 X 2--3 mm, abaxially with dense white trichomes, adaxially with dense trichomes, base cuneate, apex acute. Mature leaves: petiole 1.5--4 cm, appressed sericeous; leaflet blades narrowly linear, 1.7--4.5 cm X 2--4 mm. Racemes 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle 2--8 mm, much shorter than leaves, with dense trichomes; bracts linear, ca. 3 mm, membranous, densely sericeous-pubescent. Calyx tubular, 0.9--1.2 cm, with appressed dense white trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 2--3 mm. Corolla pale yellow; standard 1.8--2.2 cm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; wings ca. 1.8 cm, apex rounded; keel ca. 1.6 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 1--1.5 X ca. 1 cm, inflated, membranous, ± 2-locular, with dense white long trichomes, septum ca. 3 mm wide, adaxial suture grooved, apex beaked. Fl. Apr--May, fr. May--Jun. 2n = 16.

Dry Stipa grasslands, stones in valleys, and hillsides; 1000--2200 m. Nei Mongol [Mongolia].

65. Oxytropis maduoensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19: 33. 1997.

玛多棘豆 ma duo ji dou

Herbs, 3--8 cm tall, acaulescent, tufted. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, 6--9 mm, with appressed white long trichomes, basal half connate. Leaves 1.5--6 cm, with 15--25 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading trichomes; petiole purplish brown, 0.5--2.5 cm; leaflet blades ovate to oblong, 2--7 X 1--3 mm, densely appressed white or yellow pubescent, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes dense, many-flowered; peduncle 1--6 cm, pilose; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5--8 mm, membranous, sparsely pubescent. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 8--10 X 3--4 mm, somewhat inflated, with black short and white long trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 3 mm. Corolla yellow; standard ca. 1.3 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1.1 cm, apex obliquely obtuse to rarely emarginate; keel 9--10 mm, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume unknown. Fl. May--Jul.

* Meadows on hillsides in alpine areas; 4300--4600 m. Qinghai (Madoi Xian).

66. Oxytropis linearibracteata P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 371. 1980.

线苞棘豆 xian bao ji dou

Herbs, 6--11 cm tall, acaulescent, from a much-branched multi-headed caudex. Stipules with a linear-lanceolate free part, 7--9 mm, herbaceous, densely pale yellow sericeous with long trichomes, shortly adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--10 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading dense pale yellow long trichomes; leaflet blade oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 7--10 X 3--4 mm, both surfaces densely pale yellow sericeous with long trichomes. Racemes dense to lax, many-flowered; peduncle as long to slightly longer than leaves, with spreading dense trichomes; bracts linear, as long as calyx. Calyx campanulate, 5--7 mm, with apressed dense white and black trichomes; lobes linear-subulate, as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 6--8 mm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings slightly shorter than standard, apex emarginate; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Ovary shortly stipitate. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun.

* Dry slopes and alluvial fans; ca. 4200 m. Xizang (Sog Xian).

67. Oxytropis lanceatifoliola H. Ohba et al., Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 26(2): 53. 2000.

披针叶棘豆 pi zhen ye ji dou

Herbs, to 15 cm tall, caulescent, from a many-branched evidently subterranean multi-headed caudex, with 2 or more apparent internodes, with spreading dense trichomes. Stipules with a triangular free part, 4--5 mm, with dense white soft trichomes, basal 1/2--2/3 connate, amplexicaul, apical part adnate to petiole, apex acuminate. Leaves 7--10 cm; leaflets 15--19, opposite, sessile; leaflet blades very narrowly lanceolate to linear, 12--14 X 2--4 mm, both surfaces with appressed usually soft trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes subcompact, 15--20-flowered; peduncle 7.5--12 cm, subequal with leaves, with white and black trichomes; bracts linear to subulate, with dense green trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, with dense white trichomes; lobes linear to subulate, 2.5--3 mm, nearly as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard spatulate, ca. 8 mm, apex slightly retuse; wings ca. 7.2 mm, lamina narrowly oblong, apex rounded; keel ca. 6.7 mm, beak ca. 2 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; stipe ca. 1 mm; body ovoid, 11--13 X 4.5--5.5 mm, thin, vesicular, 1-locular, with dense trichomes, abaxial and adaxial sutures not grooved, base attenuate, beak ca. 2 mm. Fl. unknown, fr. Aug.

* Dry alluvial slopes; ca. 4100 m. Xinjiang (Ruoqiang Xian).

68. Oxytropis ciliata Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 186. 1832.

缘毛棘豆 yuan mao ji dou

Herbs, 5--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, clothed with marcescent leaf bases and stipules. Stipules broadly ovate, membranous, with dense white or yellow long trichomes on surface and margin, basally adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--15 cm, with 9--17 leaflets; rachis slightly flattened; leaflet blades linear-oblong, oblong, linear-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 5--10 X 2--6 mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, margin long ciliate, apex acute to obtuse. Racemes rather lax, 2--8-flowered; peduncle shorter to as long as leaves, incurved to erect. Calyx cylindric, 1.2--1.3 cm, with sparse trichomes; lobes lanceolate-attenuate, 2.5--3 mm, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla pale yellow; standard 2--2.6 cm, lamina elliptic, apex rounded; wings 2--2.8 cm, as long as standard, apex truncate to obtuse; keel ca. 2 cm, shorter than wings, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume sessile, dark brown to yellowish brown, ovoid, 2--2.5 X 1.2--1.5 cm, inflated, membranous, glabrous, apex beaked. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jun--Jul.

Roadsides, hilly sunny slopes, valleys, scrub in Betula forests; 1800--1900 m. Hebei, Nei Mongola, Ningxia [Mongolia].

69. Oxytropis poncinsii Franchet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 2: 343. 1896.

帕米尔棘豆 pa mi er ji dou

Oxytropis introflexa Freyn.

Herbs, 2--5 cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a multi-headed caudex, cushionlike or matlike, densely sericeous with long trichomes. Stipules with a narrowly ovate free part, 0.8--1.5 cm, membranous, adnate to petiole for most of length, margin ciliate. Leaves 2--5 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades broadly elliptic-oblong, oblong, or oblong-linear, 3--7 X 1.5--3 mm, both surfaces with dense white trichomes. Racemes compact, 1--4-flowered; peduncle 2--5 cm, as long as leaves, with appressed trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 3--6 mm, with trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 1.3--1.5 cm, spreading white and black lanose; lobes lanceolate, shorter than tube. Corolla purple; standard 2--2.5 cm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings 1.8--2.1 cm; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume sessile, subspherical-ovoid, 2--2.5 X 1--1.5 cm, vesicularly inflated, membranous, villous with spreading short trichomes, septum narrow. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Aug.

Alpine deserts; 2400--4400 m. Gansu, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

70. Oxytropis eriocarpa Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 122. 1874.

绵果棘豆 mian guo ji dou

Oxytropis komei Saposhnikow.

Herbs, 1--3 cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a prostrate or diffuse many-branched caudex, with persistent stipules and petioles. Stipules with a triangular-lanceolate distinct part, ca. 1 cm, scarious, with appressed sparse trichomes, adnate to petiole, basal half connate. Leaves 2--5 cm, with 5--11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate, 5--10 X 2--4 mm, conduplicate, both surfaces with appressed trichomes. Racemes compact, 2--4-flowered; peduncle shorter than leaves, with spreading trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 6--10 mm, with cottonlike trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 1.2--1.5 cm, with spreading white and appressed black trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 4--5 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard ca. 2.5 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.7--2.5 cm, apex slightly emarginate; keel 1.5--1.7 cm, beak 2--3 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 1.5--2.2 X ca. 1 cm, thickly leathery, 2-locular, white pannose, septum narrow, adaxial suture grooved, beak 1.5--5 mm. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug. 2n = 16+0-3B.

Hillsides, gravelly alpine areas; ca. 2600 m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

71. Oxytropis inschanica H. C. Fu & S. H. Cheng, Fl. Intramongol. 3: 289. 1978.

阴山棘豆 yin shan ji dou

Herbs, (3.5--)5--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, clothed with marcescent leaf bases and stipules. Stipules lanceolate, with dense long trichomes, basally adnate to petiole. Leaves (2--)5--8 cm, with 5--9 leaflets; leaflet blades linear, (0.6--)1--1.3(--1.4) cm X 0.5--1.5 mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, margin ciliate, apex attenuate. Racemes 2--5-flowered; peduncle shorter to as long as leaves, with long trichomes; bracts ovate-elliptic, ca. 10 X 5--7 mm, both surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, apex acute. Calyx cylindric, 1--1.5 cm, with dense white and black long trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 2.5--4 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard 2--3 cm, lamina subelliptic, apex rounded or subtruncate; wings 1.8--2 cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apex rounded; keel ca. 1.8 cm, subequal to wings, beak 1--1.8 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 1--1.5 X ca. 0.8 cm, inflated, membranous, with spreading dense long trichomes. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Dry slopes, gravelly areas in valleys; 1800--2100 m. Nei Mongol.

72. Oxytropis leptophylla (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 77. 1802.

山泡泡 shan pao pao

Herbs, 6--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a branching superficial caudex, almost glabrous. Stipules triangular, membranous, with dense long trichomes, adnate to petiole, apex retuse. Leaves 1--2 cm or 7--10 cm, with 9--13 leaflets; leaflet blades linear, 0.4--1 cm or 1.3--3.5 cm X 1--2 mm, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, margin involute, apex acute. Racemes compact to rather lax, 2--5-flowered; peduncle slightly shorter to as long as leaves, thin, with spreading sparse trichomes; bracts lanceolate to ovate-oblong, with dense long trichomes. Calyx tubular, 8--11 mm, membranous, with dense white long trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, ca. 1/3 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 1.8--2.3 cm, lamina suborbicular, apex rounded to emarginate; wings 1.9--2 cm, apex rounded; keel 1.5--1.7 cm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 1.4--1.8 X 1.2--1.5 cm, inflated, membranous, 1-locular, with white and black short trichomes, septum narrow, adaxially deeply grooved, beak 7--10 mm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jun--Jul.

Hillsides, hilly areas, sand dunes, grasslands; 800--1900 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

1a. Caudex not abbreviated and densely clothed with a marcescent thatch of leaf bases; leaves 7--10 cm; leaflet blades 1.3--3.5 cm ...................................................................................................................................................... 72a. var. leptophylla

1b. Caudex abbreviated densely clothed with a marcescent thatch of leaves; leaves 1--2 cm; leaflet blades 0.4--1 cm 72b. var. turbinata

72a. Oxytropis leptophylla var. leptophylla

山泡泡(原变种) shan pao pao (yuan bian zhong)

Astragalus leptophyllus Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 749. 1776; Oxytropis zhangbeiensis G. Z. Qian & L. F. Liu.

Caudex not abbreviated and densely clothed with marcescent thatch of leaf bases. Leaves 7--10 cm; leaflet blades 1.3--3.5 cm. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jun--Jul. 2n = 16.

Hillsides, sand dunes, grasslands; 800--1900 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

72b. Oxytropis leptophylla var. turbinata H. C. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 315. 1982.

陀螺棘豆 tuo luo ji dou

Caudex abbreviated densely clothed with a marcescent thatch of leaves. Leaves 1--2 cm; leaflet blades 0.4--1 cm. Fl. Jun, fr. unknown.

* Hillsides and gravelly areas; elevation unknown. Nei Mongol (Ulanqab Meng, Darhan Muminggan Lianheqi).

73. Oxytropis wutaiensis Tatewaki & Hurusawa, J. Jap. Bot. 26: 81. 1951.

五台山棘豆 wu tai shan ji dou

Oxytropis wutaiensis var. glabrata Tatewaki & Hurusawa.

Herbs, 4--10 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules with a broadly triangular distinct part, ca. 3 mm, papery, sparsely villous-pilose with white long trichomes, glabrescent, adnate to petiole, connate into a sheath, margin membranous. Leaves 4--5 cm, with 21--27 leaflets; petiole and rachis slender, with appressed white long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate, 3--6 X ca. 2 mm, both surfaces with white long trichomes when young and dense short trichomes when old, apex acuminate. Racemes compact, 2--4-flowered; peduncle 3--6 cm, with spreading white short trichomes; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2/3 as long as calyx tube, ca. 3 mm wide, with black and white long trichomes intemixed, apex acuminate. Calyx subcylindric, ca. 1.3 cm, with pubescence as for bracts; lobes lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apex acute. Corolla purple; standard ca. 1.7 cm, lamina ca. 6 mm wide, apex deeply 2-lobed and reflexed; wings ca. 1.4 cm, lamina ca. 3 mm wide, apex rounded; keel ca. 1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Ovary reportedly 2-locular. Legume unknown. Fl. May.

* Grasslands; elevation unknown. Shanxi (Wutai Shan).

74. Oxytropis anertii Nakai in Nakai, Honda & Kitagawa, Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV, Pt. 2, Contr. Cogn. Fl. Manshuricae 125. 1935.

长白棘豆 chang bai ji dou

Oxytropis anertii f. albiflora (Z. J. Zong et X. R. He) X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi; O. anertii var. albiflora Z. J. Zong & X. R. He.

Herbs, 6--8(--10) cm tall, acaulescent, from a well-developed multi-headed caudex, tufted. Branches with a thatch of marcescent leaves, with long trichomes when young. Stipules narrowly triangular, 5--13 X 2--5 mm, connate for more than basal half. Leaves 3.5--8 or 16--27 cm, with 17--35 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate, 5--10 X 1--3 mm, subglabrous. Racemes rather lax, 2--8-flowered; peduncle 3--6 cm, as long to slightly longer than leaves, with short trichomes; bracts triangular, 2--3 X ca. 2 mm, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 8--10.5 X 2--3 mm, with whitish trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--3 X 0.5--1 mm. Corolla blue, bluish purple, or light purple; standard 1.5--2 cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.6--1.8 cm, lamina obovate, apex 2-lobed; keel ca. 1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid to oblong, 1.3--2.4 X 0.6--1 cm, inflated, glabrous or pubescent. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug.--Sep.

Gravelly alpine grassland, forest margins, damp places, frozen soils in alpine areas; 1800--3000 m. Jilin [Korea].

75. Oxytropis assiensis Vassilczenko, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 20: 246. 1960.

阿西棘豆 a xi ji dou

Herbs, (1--)3--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, cushion- or mat-forming, white. Stipules with an ovate-triangular distinct part, membranous, basal half adnate to petiole, basally connate, margin ciliate. Leaves 2--5 cm, with 9--15 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; petiole persistent; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate, 5--8 X 2--3 mm, both surfaces with appressed trichomes. Racemes compact, 1 or 2 or 5--7-flowered or more; peduncle shorter to as long as leaves, thick, with semi-spreading trichomes mixed with black trichomes; bracts oblong-ovate, 1--1.4 cm, with white and black trichomes. Calyx usually purple, cylindric, (1--)1.2--1.6 cm, inflated after anthesis, with spreading black and white cottonlike trichomes; lobes linear, 3--4 mm. Corolla purple; standard (1.8--)2.2--2.6 cm, lamina oblong-spatulate, apex emarginate; wings (1.8--)1.9--2.1 cm, apex slightly emarginate; keel 1.7--1.8 cm, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, 2--2.7 X 1--1.5 cm, membranous, appressed white lanate, septum 2--3 mm wide, adaxial suture grooved, beak 5--7 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.

Dry slopes, grasslands, gravelly alpine areas; 2200--5300 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

76. Oxytropis moellendorffii Bunge ex Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 26: 469. 1880.

窄膜棘豆 zhai mo ji dou

Oxytropis limprichtii Ulbrich; O. moellendorffii var. sylinchanensis (Franchet) G. Z. Qian; O. schensiensis Komarov; O. sylinchanensis Franchet.

Herbs, 6--10 cm tall, acaulescent, arising from a shortly branched multiipital caudex, green. Stipules lanceolate, membranous, with long trichomes, adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 5--10 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 5--11 X 1--3 mm, sparsely pubescent but glabrescent, base rounded, margin incurved, apex acute to acuminate. Racemes compact, (2- or)3--5-flowered; peduncle 3--8 cm, subequal to slightly longer than leaves, erect, with spreading white trichomes apically mixed with black trichomes; bracts lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, with long trichomes, base rounded, apex acuminate. Calyx tubular, 0.9--1.2 cm, with spreading white long trichomes and appressed black trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 4 mm. Corolla purple; standard 1.7--2.6 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1.5 cm, lamina oblong, apex 2-lobed; keel ca. 1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, oblong, ca. 2 X 0.6 cm, membranous, with dense black stout and white long trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Roadsides on hillsides, gravelly hill tops; 2400--3400 m. Hebei, Shanxi.

77. Oxytropis pseudohirsuta Q. Wang & Chang Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 39: 151. 2001.

假长毛棘豆 jia chang mao ji dou

Herbs, 5--12 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with persistent thatch of petioles and stipules. Stipules with a triangular free part, 8--10 mm, membranous, with appressed dense white trichomes, adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 3--8 cm, with 7--11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading white trichomes; petiole 1--4 cm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 3--12 X 1--3 mm, both surfaces with appressed long stout trichomes. Racemes subcompact, 3--5-flowered; peduncle 6--11 cm, as long to slight shorter than leaves, thin, with spreading white trichomes; bracts lanceolate to linear, 3--4 mm, herbaceous. Calyx cylindric, 8--10 X 3--3.5 mm, with spreading white trichomes; lobes lanceolate-subulate, as long or slightly shorter than tube. Corolla yellow; standard 1.7--2 X 0.9--1 cm, lamina oblong, apex emarginate; wings 1.6--1.8 X 0.5--0.6 cm, lamina oblique, apex rounded; keel ca. 1.7 X 0.6 cm, beak 2--2.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid to oblong, 2--2.5 X 0.6--1 cm, inflated, thickly membranous, beak ca. 5 mm. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jun--Aug.

* Grasslands on slopes; 700--1700 m. Xinjiang.

78. Oxytropis platysema Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 10: 254. 1842.

宽瓣棘豆 kuan ban ji dou

Herbs, 2--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a superficial or subterranean branched caudex, almost glabrous. Stipules membranous, glabrous or only ciliate, free or slightly adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 2--6 cm, with (11 or)13--19(or 21) leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, ovate-oblong, or ovate, 3--10(--12) X 1.5--4 mm, both surfaces glabrous or sometimes with dense short trichomes, margin sometimes with cilia when young. Racemes compact, 3--7-flowered; peduncle 2--6.5 cm, longer to as long as leaves, with white trichomes basally mixed with black trichomes; bracts oblong, 5--6 mm, with black stout trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 6--9 mm, with dense black and white long trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 1.5--1.7 mm, as long as tube, with black cottonlike trichomes. Corolla purple; standard 0.9--1.3 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1--1.2 cm, slightly shorter than standard, lamina obliquely obovate-oblong, apex retuse; keel 9--10 mm, slightly longer than wings, beak 1--1.2 mm. Legume sessile or shortly stipitate; body cylindric, 10--15 X 3--4 mm, membranous, with appressed black trichomes, abaxial suture round, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak incurved. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Aug.

Kobesia meadows, damp alpine grasslands, and gravelly riparian areas; 2300--5200 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

79. Oxytropis pusilla Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 27. 1874.

细小棘豆 xi xiao ji dou

Herbs, 2--10 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules subovate with a lanceolate free part, ca. 6 mm, herbaceous, sparsely white and black strigose, basal half adnate to petiole, distinct, apex acute. Leaves 2--7 cm, with 7--13 lax leaflets; petiole and rachis slender, with white and black short trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 4.5--10 X 0.5--2 mm, subglabrous or abaxially with appressed long trichomes, margin ciliate, apex acute. Racemes 2--5-flowered; peduncle 2.5--5.5 cm, subequal to or slightly longer than leaves, erect, basally glabrous, apically sparsely black strigose; bracts lanceolate, as long as calyx tube, with black bristles. Calyx campanulate, 4--6 mm, with appressed black and white long trichomes; lobes linear, 1.5--1.7 mm, shorter than tube. Corolla purple; standard 5--8 mm, lamina oblong, apex emarginate; wings 6--7.2 mm, slightly shorter than standard, apex retuse; keel 5--6.7 mm, shorter than wings, beak 0.3--0.4 mm. Legume shortly stipitate to subsessile; body oblong-cylindric, 10--12 X ca. 3 mm, with appressed black short trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Hillsides, grasslands on damp areas along riverbanks and on floodplains; 3700--5000 m. Xinjiang, Xizang.

80. Oxytropis brevipedunculata P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 370. 1980.

短梗棘豆 duan geng ji dou

Herbs, 1--2 cm tall, acaulescent, from a few-headed caudex. Stipules herbaceous, adnate to petiole, distinct, margin ciliate. Leaves 1--2 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed white trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, 3--4 X 1.5--2 mm, abaxially with dense trichomes, adaxially glabrous medially, margin appressed white villous. Racemes compact, 2--5-flowered; peduncle less than 1 cm, shorter than leaves, densely villous. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, with dense black and white long trichomes; lobes subulate, longer than tube. Corolla ?purple; standard ca. 7 mm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings slightly shorter than standard, apex rounded; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Legume with a stipe as long as calyx tube; body oblong, 5--6 X ca. 2 mm, erect, with appressed dense black and white trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

* Meadows in alpine areas, along rivers; 5200--5400 m. Xizang.

81. Oxytropis yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 163. 1890.

云南棘豆 yun nan ji dou

Oxytropis konlonica H. Ohba.

Herbs, 7--15 cm tall, acaulescent or shortly caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with (0 or)1--5 apparent internodes (as in sect. Mesogaea). Stipules oblong, papery, with sparse white and black long trichomes, free from or shortly adnate to petiole, basal 1/3 to 2/3 connate. Leaves (1--)2--9 cm, with 9--25 leaflets; petiole and rachis with sparse trichomes, petiole persistent; leaflet blades lanceolate, 5--7 X 1.5--3 mm, both surfaces with sparse white short trichomes, base rounded to shortly attenuate, apex acuminate, acute, or obtuse. Racemes 3--10-flowered; peduncle 1--9 cm, longer or subequal to leaves, with sparse to dense short trichomes; bracts 2--4 mm, membranous, with white and black trichomes intermixed. Calyx subcylindric to campanulate, 5--9 X ca. 3 mm, with black and white long trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, 2--4 mm, slightly shorter than tube. Corolla purple or purplish red; standard 1.2--1.3 cm, lamina broadly ovate to broadly obovate, apex 2-lobed; wings 1--1.2 cm, slightly shorter than standard, apex 2-lobed; keel 1--1.1 cm, shorter than wings, beak 1--1.2 mm. Legume stipitate to subsessile; stipe 2--4 mm; body ellipsoid, cylindric, or ovoid, 1.4--3.7 X 0.8--1 cm, membranous to chartaceous, with appressed dense black trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 24.

* Meadows, limestone scree, open stony pastures, south facing slopes on hills, grassy slopes, rocky slope in Kobresia meadows, alpine shrub steppes, frozen steppes; 1800--4900 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

82. Oxytropis biflora P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 370. 1980.

二花棘豆 er hua ji dou

Herbs, 2.5--3 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, loosely caespitose. Stipules with a triangular-ovate distinct part, herbaceous, with sparse white and black trichomes, very shortly adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 1.5--5 cm, 7--13 leaflets; petiole and rachis with sparse long trichomes; lealflet blades oblong, 2.5--4 X ca. 1.5 mm, both surfaces with spreading dense long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes 2- or 3-flowered; peduncle 2--6 cm, subequal to longer than leaves, with dense long trichomes; bracts narrowly lanceolate. Calyx subcylindric, 6--7 mm, with black and white long trichomes; lobes as long as tube. Corolla white; standard 7--9 mm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings slightly shorter than standard, apex emarginate; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 4 mm; body oblong-cylindric when young, densely white villous. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Alpine meadows, along rivers; ca. 5000 m. Xizang.

83. Oxytropis pauciflora Bunge, Arbeiten Naturf. Vereins Riga 1: 227. 1847.

少花棘豆 shao hua ji dou

Oxytropis alpicola Bunge; O. friabilis H. Ohba et al.; O. tschujae Bunge.

Herbs, 3--10 cm tall, caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with short to elongate subterranean branches. Stipules with an oblong-ovate free part, herbaceous, with appressed sparse white trichomes and black short trichomes when young, adnate to petiole, basal 1/2--2/3 connate. Leaves (1.2--)3--8 cm, with (7--)11--19 leaflets; petioles 3--6 mm, with appressed sparse white short trichomes shorter than on rachis; leaflet blades oblong-ovate, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 3--7 X (1--)1.5--4 mm, both surfaces or only abaxially surface with appressed sparse white trichomes. Racemes compact, (1- or)3--5-flowered; peduncle 0.5--4 cm, as long to much longer than leaves, with appressed sparse white trichomes; bracts oblong to lanceolate, with rather dense trichomes. Calyx cylindric to campanulate, 6--8.5(--13) mm, with appressed dense black short trichomes or sometimes mixed with white short trichomes; lobes lanceolate, (1.8--)3--4 mm. Corolla bluish purple; standard 1--1.5(--2.1) cm, lamina orbicular, apex 2-lobed; wings 1.2--1.3(--1.9) cm, lamina obovate-oblong, apex emarginate; keel (1--)1.5--1.6 cm, beak (0.7--)1--1.5 mm. Legume sessile, oblong-cylindric, ca. 20 X 3--4 mm, 1-locular, with appressed white short trichomes. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. unknown.

Alpine gravelly areas, alpine scrub meadows, valley sides; 4500--5600 m. Gansu, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Russia].

84. Oxytropis yanchiensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot.74: 133. 1999.

盐池棘豆 yan chi ji dou

Herbs, to ca. 5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a compact multi-headed spreadingly branched caudex. Stipules triangular, ca. 7 X 3.5 mm, membranous, conspicuously veined, highly connate, margin ciliate. Leaves ca. 5 cm, with 15--19 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate, 4--4.5 X 1--1.5 mm, both surfaces with appressed pubescence. Racemes compact, 3--5-flowered; peduncle 4--5 cm, shorter to longer than leaves; bracts broadly ovate, 2.1--4.9 X 1.5--1.7 mm, whitish appressed pubescent. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3.4 X 1.3 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes intermixed; lobes triangular, ca. 3 mm. Corolla purple; standard 6.5--7.5 mm, lamina transversely broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 6.2 mm, lamina obovate, apex 2-lobed; keel ca. 5 mm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun.

* Hillsides, ca. 2200 m. Xinjiang (Yiwu Xian).

85. Oxytropis cinerascens Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 26. 1874.

灰叶棘豆 hui ye ji dou

Herbs, 7--10 cm tall, acaulescent, from a short few-branched caudex, grayish green. Stipules oblong, membranous, with trichomes when young but glabrescent, adnate to petiole, distinct. Leaves 2.5--6 cm, with 11--21 leaflets; petiole and between leaflets on rachis with glands and with sparse white long trichomes when young; leaflet blades oblong, 3--5 X 1--2 mm, abaxially surface with appressed trichomes, adaxially and margin with appressed sparse white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes 3--5-flowered; peduncle shorter to as long as leaves, with appressed dense white trichomes; bracts linear-oblong, ca. 3 X 1 mm, membranous, with appressed white trichomes. Calyx subcampanulate, 5--6 mm, with white and black long trichomes; lobes lanceolate-subulate, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 6--9 mm, lamina ovate, apex 2-lobed; wings ca. 8 mm, lamina obcordate-oblong, apex emarginate; keel ca. 7 mm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Ovary shortly stipitate, pubescent. Legume unknown. Fl. Jul.

Hilly grassland slopes in alpine areas; 3600--4800 m. Xizang [India].

13. Oxytropis sect. Eumorpha Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 59. 1874.

长荚棘豆组 chang jia ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent or subacaulescent with a very short stem. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not whorled. Racemes many-flowered (rarely only 5--10-flowered); peduncle typically much longer than leaves (shorter in O. avisoides). Legume sessile, subsessile, or with a 1.5--5 mm stipe; body cylindric, ellipsoid, ovoid, or subspherical, scarious or membranous.

About 44 species; S and W Asia, China, Himalayas, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; 17 species (8 endemic) in China.

1a. Plants (including leaves and racemes) not or seldom exceeding 10 cm tall.

2a. Leaves 0.5--1 cm; calyx 2.5--3 mm ............................................................................................. 95. O. holanshanensis

2b. Leaves 1.5--11 cm; calyx (3.5--)4--6 mm.

3a. Plants 5--13(--20) cm tall; leaflet blades 5--15 mm; beak of corolla keel (0.7--)1.5--2 mm; legume body 0.8--0.9 cm ............................................................................................................................................................ 90. O. pagobia

3b. Plants 1--5 cm tall; leaflet blades 2--5 mm; beak of corolla keel (0.4--)0.5--1 mm; legume body 1--1.3 cm (unknown for O. baxoiensis).

4a. Racemes 5--10-flowered; beak of corolla keel ca. 0.5 mm; calyx 4--6 mm; leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets 91. O. baxoiensis

4b. Racemes 2--5-flowered; beak of corolla keel (0.4--)0.8--1 mm; leaves with (11 or)13--25(--29) leaflets.

5a. Leaves with (11 or)13 or 15 leaflets; calyx ca. 4(--4.8) mm; corolla standard (6.5--)8--10 mm, keel beak (0.4--)0.8 mm; legume body ca. 1.3 cm ............................................................... 98. O. saposhnikovii

5b. Leaves with 17--25(--29) leaflets; calyx 4--6 mm; corolla standard 0.9--1.2 mm; leal beak ca. 1 mm; legume body ca. 1 cm ...................................................................................................... 99. O. krylovii

1b. Plants (including leaves and racemes) at tallest point mostly exceeding 10 cm tall.

6a. Calyx 10--15 mm.

13a. Leaves with (19 or)21--37 leaflets; corolla standard (1.6--)1.7--2(--2.2) cm, keel beak ca. 1 mm 87. O. alpina

13b. Leaves with 13 or 15 leaflets; corolla standard ca. 1.5 cm, keel beak 2--2.5 mm .......... 88. O. pseudofrigida

6b. Calyx 2.5--7 mm.

14a. Peduncle 2--3 cm ........................................................................................................................... 92. O. avisoides

14b. Peduncle 5--40 cm.

15a. Calyx 5.3--7 mm.

16a. Leaves with 19--35 leaflets; leaflet blades 1.9--2.8 cm; pedicel 17--40 cm; calyx lobes 2.3--3.5 mm; corolla standard 5.3--6.5 mm ....................................................................................... 86. O. qitaiensis

16b. Leaves with 11--19 leaflets; leaflet blades 0.4--1 cm; pedicel 10--15 cm; calyx lobes 1.5--2 mm; corolla standard 12--15 mm ....................................................................................................... 93. O. ladyginii

15b. Calyx 3--5 mm.

17a. Beak of corolla keel 2--3 mm.

18a. Plants 6--15 cm tall; racemes dense and globose; legume with a 1.5--2 mm stipe ......... 89. O. globiflora

18b. Plants to 30 cm tall; racemes lax; legume subsessile ...................................... 101. O. caerulea

17b. Beak of corolla keel 0.5--2 mm.

19a. Calyx lobes 1.5--2.5 mm ..................................................................................... 100. O. imbricata

19b. Calyx lobes 0.4--1.3 mm.

20a. Peduncle 15--25 cm; racemes to 20 cm; calyx lobes ca. 1.3 mm ............. 96. O. merkensis

20b. Peduncle 5--15 cm; racemes to 15 cm; calyx lobes 0.4--1.2(--1.3) mm.

21a. Leaves at least some of them with more than 25 leaflets ................. 94. O. filiformis

21b. Leaves with 25 or fewer leaflets.

22a. Calyx 3--3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm; bracts 1.5--4 mm ............. 97. O. tashkurensis

22b. Calyx ca. 4 mm, lobes ca. 1.2 mm; bracts 0.7--1.5 mm ...... 102. O. fragiliphylla

86. Oxytropis qitaiensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 74: 66. 1999.

奇台棘豆 qi tai ji dou

Herbs, 17--40 cm tall, acaulescent, from a short, multi-headed caudex. Stipules narrowly triangular, 8--10 X 2--3 mm, thick-leathery, with appressed dense trichomes, basally connate. Leaves 9--25 cm, with 19--35 leaflets; petiole and rachis subglabrous or with appessed sparse trichomes; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, 1.9--2.8 X 0.4--1 cm, abaxially sometimes with dense glandular trichomes, adaxially subglabrous, apex cuspidate. Racemes capitate but becoming lax, many-flowered; peduncle 17--40 cm, much longer than leaves; bracts narrowly triangular, 2.5--4 X ca. 0.6 mm, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 5.3--6.5 mm, with whitish or blackish trichomes and sometimes with glandular trichomes; lobes linear-triangular, 2.3--3.5 mm, subequal, as long as tube. Corolla violet (when dry); standard ca. 1.6 cm, lamina orbicular, 8--10 X 6--8 mm, apex rounded and slightly retuse; wings 1.5--1.6 cm, apex emarginate; keel 1.5--1.6 cm, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--4 mm; body cylindric, ca. 1.8 X 0.4 cm, appressed short pubescent, apically attenuate to a long beak. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug.

* Meadows, hillsides; 1900--2400 m. Xinjiang.

87. Oxytropis alpina Bunge, Index Sem. (Dorpat) 8. 1840.

高山棘豆 gao shan ji dou

Oxytropis alpicola Turczaninow; O. frigida Karelin & Kirilov; O. uralensis Ledebour var. pumila Ledebour.

Herbs, (6--)10--21 cm tall, caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex with many branches, tufted, clothed with persistent petioles and stipules. Stipules ovate to lanceolate, membranous, with appressed white trichomes, adnate to petiole. Leaves (2--)5--17(--19) cm, with (19 or)21--37 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed sparse white trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate, (4--)7--18 X (1--)2--4 mm, white sericeous when young but sparsely so later. Racemes 5- to many-flowered; peduncle 4--15(--21) cm, longer to as long as leaves, thick, erect, sulcate, with spreading trichomes; bracts lanceolate to awl-shaped, 1.2--1.5 cm, with white long trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 1--1.2 cm, with spreading white and appressed black trichomes; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3--5 mm. Corolla pale purple; standard (1.6--)1.7--2(--2.2) cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex 2-lobed; wings 1.5--1.7 cm, apex emarginate; keel 1.2--1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, oblong-ovoid, 1.5--3 X 0.5--0.7 cm, thinly leathery, 2-locular, with sparse white and appressed black trichomes, septum wide, apex beaked. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

Hillsides, gravelly areas, alpine areas; ca. 2500 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

88. Oxytropis pseudofrigida Saposhnikow, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4(17--18): 136. 1923.

阿拉套棘豆 a la tao ji dou

Herbs, 10--18 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, sericeous with white long trichomes. Stipules with a broadly triangular free part, scarious, adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--12 cm, with 13 or 15 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 8--10 X 3--4 mm, both surfaces appressed sericeous with long trichomes. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle longer than leaves, erect, with white and black trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 1--1.2 cm, sericeous with long trichomes. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 1--1.5 cm, with spreading black and white cottonlike trichomes; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1/2 to as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard ca. 1.5 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.2--1.3 cm, apex retuse to rounded; keel as long as wings, beak 2--2.5 mm. Legume ovoid, 2.5--3 X 1--1.2 cm, inflated, thinly leathery, 2-locular, with spreading white and black trichomes, septum wide, adaxial suture grooved, beak 1--1.2 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Alpine meadows among shrubs; ca. 1400 m. Xinjiang.

89. Oxytropis globiflora Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 14(4): 43. 1869.

球花棘豆 qiu hua ji dou

Herbs, 6--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, matlike or cushionlike, sericeous. Stipules linear awl-shaped, sericeous, adnate to petiole, distinct. Leaves 5--12 cm, with 11--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 5--17 X 1.5--4 mm, both surfaces appressed sericeous, apex acute. Racemes globose, dense, many-flowered; peduncle longer than leaves, with appressed trichomes; bracts linear, as long as calyx tube, membranous, with dense white long trichomes and stout trichomes, apex acute. Calyx campanulate, ca. 5 mm, with appressed black and white trichomes; lobes linear awl-shaped, shorter than tube. Corolla bluish purple; standard 8--9 mm, lamina broadly ovate, apex rounded; wings slightly shorter than standard; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 2.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 1.5--2 mm; body cylindric-ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 10--12 X 2.5--3 mm, pendulous, membranous, with appressed dense short trichomes, apex beaked. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

Pastures, alpine gravelly slopes, valleys, grasslands; 3600--4300 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazahkstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

90. Oxytropis pagobia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 27. 1874.

冰河棘豆 bing he ji dou

Herbs, 5--13(--20) cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple to shortly branched caudex, matlike or cushionlike. Stipules with a lanceolate free part, 5--10 mm, white sericeous, basal half adnate to petiole. Leaves 3--11 cm, rather long petiolate, with 13--21 leaflets; leaflet blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5--15 X 1--2.5 mm, both surfaces with appressed trichomes, apex acuminate. Racemes initially subglobose but becoming lax in late anthesis and fruit, many-flowered; peduncle declined, slightly to much longer than leaves, with appressed trichomes; bracts subulate, as long as tube. Calyx campanulate, (3.5--)4--5 mm; lobes subulate, 1--2 mm, 1/3--1/2 as long as tube. Corolla violet fading to dark purple or yellowish white; standard 7--8.5 mm, lamina suborbicular, as broad or broader than wide; wings 7--8 mm, as long as standard, apex rounded; keel 6.5--8 mm, beak (0.7--)1.5--2 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe (0.7--)1.5--2 mm; body cylindric, 8--9 X ca. 3 mm, declined by flexion of pedicels, membranous, covered with appressed black and white trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

* Hillsides, roadsides, shrublands, Artemisia steppes, grasslands, subalpine steppes, flooded or wet plains and valleys, and dry places between forest margins; 2100--3800 m. Xinjiang.

91. Oxytropis baxoiensis P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 371. 1980.

八宿棘豆 ba xiu ji dou

Herbs, 3--5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with densely imbricate thatch of marcescent petioles and stipules. Stipules herbaceous, densely sericeous, adnate below middle to petiole otherwise distinct. Leaves 1.5--2.5 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with densely sericeous; leaflet blades oblong to ovate, 3--4 X 1.5--2 mm, both surfaces densely sericeous. Racemes compact, 5--10-flowered; peduncle ca. 2 X as long as leaves, densely white sericeous. Calyx 4--6 mm, with appressed white and black trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 2--3 mm. Corolla largely purple; standard 8--10 mm, lamina purple with a white center and orbicular, apex rounded to slightly emarginate; wings 7--9 mm, lamina obovate-oblong, apex rounded to emarginate; keel shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong-cylindric when young, with appressed dense black short trichomes. Fl. Jun, fr. Jul--Aug.

* About 3900 m. Xizang.

92. Oxytropis avisoides P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 371. 1980.

鸟状棘豆 niao zhuang ji dou

Herbs, 10--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a shortly branched multi-headed caudex. Stipules with a linear-lanceolate free part, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, with spreading white long trichomes, shortly adnate to petiole. Leaves 3--7 cm, with 13--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis densely clothed with spreading white long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 35 X 6.5 mm, both surfaces with spreading white long trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes lax, 6--10-flowered; peduncle 2--3 cm, with appressed to spreading dense trichomes. Calyx 5--7 mm, with appressed white and black trichomes; lobes as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 7--9 mm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings shorter than standard, lamina obovate-oblong, apex emarginate; keel shorter than wings, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Ovary long stipitate. Legume unknown. Fl. Jul.

* Hillsides, 4600--4700 m. Xizang (Baxoi Xian).

93. Oxytropis ladyginii Krylov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21: 5. 1903.

拉德京棘豆 la de jing ji dou

Herbs, 5--30 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules with a lanceolate free part, membranous, with appressed white trichomes, adnate to petiole, margin ciliate. Leaves 4--12 cm, with 11--19 leaflets; petiole and rachis white sericeous; leaflet blades lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, or elliptic, 4--10 X 1.5--4 mm, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, base obtuse to rounded, apex acute. Racemes many-flowered, elongating after anthesis; peduncle 10--15 cm, ca. 2 X as long as leaves, with appressed sparse white trichomes apically mixed with black trichomes; bracts linear-lanceolate, longer than pedicels, with appressed sparse white trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 6--7 mm, with appressed sparse white and black trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 1.5--2 mm. Corolla pale yellow or sometimes pale purple; standard 1.2--1.5 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex rounded; wings slightly shorter than standard, apex rounded; keel 1--1.2 cm, apically maculate, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, oblong-ovoid, 1.4--1.7 X 0.4--0.6 cm, erect-ascending, 1-locular, with appressed white and black trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

Stony hillsides, valley bottoms; 1500--2700 m. Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

94. Oxytropis filiformis Candolle, Astragalogia 80. 1802.

线棘豆 xian ji dou

Oxytropis coerulea Turczaninow (1842), not O. caerulea (Pallas) Candolle (1802).

Herbs, 10--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, tufted. Stipules narrowly ovate, membranous, with appressed dense sericeous, adnate to petiole, basally connate to almost distinct. Leaves 1.5--12 cm, with (5--)17--31(--45) leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed white trichomes; petiole long and thin, persistent; leaflet blades lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2--6 X 0.5--2 mm, with appressed trichomes, base rounded, margin involute, apex acuminate. Racemes lax, 2.5--5 cm, 10--15-flowered; peduncle 6--11 cm, 1--2 X as long as leaves, thin, usually incurved, with appressed white and black trichomes; bracts linear, longer than pedicels. Calyx broadly campanulate, 2.5--3(--4.9) mm; lobes triangular, 0.4--0.6(--1.3) mm, with dense white and black short trichomes. Corolla bluish purple; standard 5.5--7 mm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings 5--6 mm, as long as standard, slightly longer than keel, lamina oblong; keel 4.5--6 mm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume subsessile; body broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 5--10 X 3--5 mm, thickly membranous, 1-locular, with appressed sparse white and black short trichomes, apex beaked. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug. 2n = 16, 32.

Roadsides on gravelly or stony mountain slopes, meadows; 600--700 m. Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia].

95. Oxytropis holanshanensis H. C. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 313. 1982.

贺兰山棘豆 he lan shan ji dou

Herbs, 5--10 cm tall, acaulescent, from a much-branched multi-headed caudex, clothed with marcescent stipules and leaf bases. Stipules ovate, membranous, adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 5--10 mm, with 7--19 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2--3 X ca. 1 mm, both surfaces densely appressed white pilose, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes rather compact, 10--15-flowered; peduncle 2--8 cm, much longer than leaves, slender; bracts linear-lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, 2.5--3 mm, densely appressed white and black pilose; lobes linear, ca. 1 mm. Corolla yellow; standard ca. 7 mm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings ca. 5 mm; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Ovary pilose. Legume unknown. Fl. Jul--Aug.

* Valleys, stony land of hillsides; 2000--2400 m. SW Nei Mongol (Helan Shan), Ningxia.

96. Oxytropis merkensis Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 65. 1866.

米尔克棘豆 mi er ke ji dou

Astragalus loczyi Kanitz var. scaposa Kaintz; Oxytropis avis Saposhnikow?; O. imbricata Komarov; O. kanitzii N. D. Simpson.

Herbs, to 30 cm tall or more, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, clothed wiht marcescent leaf bases and stipule, grayish pubescent. Stipules with a lanceolate-subulate free part, sparsely to densely appressed pubescent, adnate to petiole, base triangular, margin ciliate. Leaves 5--15 cm, with 13--25 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong, broadly elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 5--20 X 2--5 mm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, margin slightly involute, apex acute. Racemes lax, many-flowered, elongating to 10--20 cm after anthesis; peduncle 15--25 cm, 1--2(--3) X as long as leaves, with appressed sparse white trichomes; bracts awl-shaped, with sparse trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 3.6--5 mm, with appressed black trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 1.3 mm, shorter than tube. Corolla purple to almost white; standard 7--10 mm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings as long or slightly shorter than standard; keel ca. 8.8 mm, as long or longer than wings, tip maculate, beak 0.5--1.8 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 4--5 mm; body broadly ellipsoid-oblong, 10--16 X 5--6 mm, pendulous, papery, with appressed white trichomes, apex acuminate. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16, 32.

Grasslands on hillsides, river terraces and flood plains, gravel, roadsides, fields,dry slope, flooded lands, subalpine meadows; 1700--4600 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

In the description of O. avis in Fl. URSS the beak of keel is reported as 0.5--0.75 mm; leaflets 4--6-paired; peduncle to 15 cm, several X longer than leaves; racemes loose, few-flowered. Whether this is really conspecific with O. merkensis requires additional investigation.

97. Oxytropis tashkurensis S. H. Cheng ex X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 75: 289. 2000.

塔什库儿干棘豆 ta shi ku er gan ji dou

Herbs, 9--24 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, herbage with whitish trichomes. Stipules triangular, 3--4 X ca. 2 mm, leathery, with whitish trichomes, basal part adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--8 cm; leaflets 15--19(--23), opposite or seldom alternate; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, 2.5--14 X 1--4 mm, both surfaces with appressed whitish trichomes. Racemes lax to compact, 10--15 cm, many-flowered; peduncle 5--15 cm, much longer than leaves; bracts triangular, 1.5--4 X ca. 0.5 mm, with whitish trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 3--3.5 X ca. 2 mm, with blackish and whitish trichomes; tube 2--2.5 mm; lobes subulate, ca. 1 X 0.2 mm. Corolla purple but drying to yellowish white; standard 6--9.5 X 3--7 mm, lamina broadly obovate and basally narrowed, apex rounded; wings 5--9.5 mm; keel 6--7 mm, beak 1.5--2 mm. Legume narrowly ellipsoid, 8--10 X ca. 2 mm, with blackish and whitish trichomes. Fl. May--Sep, fr. Jun--Sep.

* Grasslands, south-facing slopes, alpine meadows; 1800--3600 m. Xinjiang.

98. Oxytropis saposhnikovii Krylov, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21: 4. 1903.

萨氏棘豆 sa shi ji dou

Herbs, acaulescent, from a prostrate or diffuse multi-headed caudex with many 1--3 cm branches. Stipules with a triangular distinct part, membranous, glabrous, adnate to petiole, basally connate, margin ciliate. Leaves (1.5--)3--5 cm, with (11 or)13 or 15 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3--6 X 1.5--2.5 mm, abaxially with appressed sparse short trichomes, adaxially subglabrous, margin reflexed, apex acute. Racemes 2--4-flowered; peduncle 1.5--5 cm, mostly longer than leaves, thin, with appressed short trichomes; bracts lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, with appressed sparse trichomes. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 4(--4.8) mm, with appressed black and sparse white trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 1(--2.3) mm. Corolla purple; standard (6.5--)8--10 mm, lamina orbicular-ovate, apex emarginate; wings (6--)7--8 mm; keel (5.7--)6--7 mm, beak ca. (0.4--)0.8 mm. Legume oblong-ovoid, ca. 13 X 5 mm, with appressed black short trichomes, beak falcate. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

* Gravel on alpine slopes, on frozen lands; elevation unknown. Xinjiang.

99. Oxytropis krylovii Shipczinsky, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 1(7): 1. 1920.

克氏棘豆 ke shi ji dou

Herbs, 1--4 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, matlike or cushionlike, appressed white pubescent. Stipules lanceolate to awl-shaped, adnate to petiole, basal half connate, margin ciliate. Leaves 2--5 cm, with 17--25(--29) leaflets; petiole and rachis sulcate, with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2--5 X 0.5--2 mm, both surfaces glabrous or adaxially with sparse trichomes, margin involute and abaxially with appressed trichome. Racemes lax, to ca. 5-flowered; peduncle 2--5 cm, somewhat to much longer than leaves, slender, with appressed trichomes, apically with appressed black trichomes mixed with white long trichomes; bracts linear to awl-shaped, 2.5--3 mm, with appressed black and white long trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 4--6 mm, with appressed black trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, ca. 1.5 mm, 1/3--1/2 as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 0.9--1.2 cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings 8--11 mm, apex broadly emarginate; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--3 mm; body cylindric-ovoid, ca. 10 X 4 mm, 1-locular, with appressed black and sparse white trichomes, apex acuminate. Fl. and fr. Jun--Jul.

Gravelly alpine areas, valleys; 3000--4700 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Russia (W Siberia)].

100. Oxytropis imbricata Komarov, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 232. 1914.

密花棘豆 mi hua ji dou

Herbs, 10--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a many-branched caudex, tuft forming. Stipules linear-lanceolate, with dense long trichomes, adnate to petiole. Leaves 3--10 cm, with 15--29 leaflets; petiole with appressed trichomes, adaxially sulcate; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, (3--)5--11 X (1.2--)3--5 mm, both surfaces gray or white and with appressed trichomes, base rounded, apex acute to retuse. Racemes dense to lax and becoming more lax in fruit, many-flowered; peduncle 10--18 cm, longer than leaves, thin, with appressed trichomes; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx campanulate, 3--5 mm, with black and white trichomes; lobes lanceolate-linear, as long or somewhat shorter than tube. Corolla purple; standard ca. 8 mm, lamina oblong, apex rounded; wings as long as standard, apex retuse; keel as long as wings, beak 1.7--2 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body broadly ovoid to subspherical, 5--6 mm, papery, with appressed short trichomes, beak hook-shaped and 5--9 mm. Fl. May--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Grassland on hillsides; 1800--3500 m. Gansu, Xinjiang, Xizang.

101. Oxytropis caerulea (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 68. 1802.

蓝花棘豆 lan hua ji dou

Astragalus caerulea Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 293. 1776; A. baicalensis Pallas; Oxytropis baicalensis (Pallas) Pallas ex Besser; O. caerulea f. albiflora (H. C. Fu) X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi; O. caerulea subsp. subfalcata (Hance) S. H Cheng ex H. C. Fu; O. chinensis Bunge; O. curviflora Turczaninow ex Besser; O. mandshurica Bunge; O. mandshurica f. albiflora H. C. Fu; O. subfalcata Hance; O. subfalcata var. albiflora C. W. Chang.

Herbs, to 30 cm tall or more, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, clothed with marcescent leaf bases and stipules. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 4 X 3 mm, membranous, with long stout trichomes, basally connate. Leaves 10--20 cm, with 15--41 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 6--19 X 1.5--8 mm, persistent, subglabrous. Racemes lax, 10--20-flowered, elongating 10--20 cm in fruit; peduncle 10--22 cm, much longer than leaves; bracts triangular, 3--5 X ca. 2 mm, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 3--5 X 1--1.5 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--2.5 X 0.5--1 mm, shorter than to equalling tube. Corolla purple, violet, blue, red, or white; standard (0.8--)0.9--1.3 cm, lamina orbicular, apex rounded; wings (0.7--)0.9--1.1 cm, lamina obliquely oblanceolate, apex obtuse; keel 7--9 mm, beak 2--3 mm. Legume subsessile; body ovoid to lanceolate-ovoid, 10--16 X 4--5 mm, inflated, leathery, with whitish and blackish trichomes. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 16.

Rocky areas, hillsides, forests, meadows, roadsides, prairies; 1000--3000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Mongolia, Russia].

102. Oxytropis fragiliphylla Q. Wang et al., J. Jap. Bot. 76: 219. 2001.

脱叶棘豆 tuo ye ji dou

Herbs, 8--15 cm tall, acaulescent, from a branching multi-headed ligneous caudex, tuft-forming, green. Stipules obtusely triangular, membranous, covered with dense whitish trichomes, adnate to petiole. Leaves 4--10 cm, fragile, deciduous, with 17--25 leaflets; petiole erect, often withered; petiolules extremely short; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate, 2--5 X 1--2 mm, caducous, both surfaces with sparse whitish trichomes. Racemes dense and 2--5 cm but becoming lax and elongating in fruit, 7--13-flowered or more; peduncle 6--12 cm, longer than leaves, with sparse trichomes; bracts linear to narrowly subulate, 0.7--1.5 mm, almost as long as pedicels. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 mm, with blackish and whitish trichomes; lobes subulate, ca. 1.2 X 0.4 mm. Corolla purple; standard 6--10 mm, apex rounded; wings 7.5--8.5 mm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel 7.5--8 mm, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--2.5 mm; body narrowly ovoid, 8--12 X 2.5--4.5 mm, appressed whitish pubescent. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul.

* Subalpine meadows; 1800--2800 m. Xinjiang.

14. Oxytropis sect. Janthina Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 20. 1874.

蓝花棘豆组 lan hua ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent or with a very short caulescent, matlike, moundlike, or cushionlike, with yellowish gray or glandular trichomes. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate; leaflet blades yellowish gray. Racemes 5- to many-flowered; peduncle 1.5--9 cm. Corolla purple, blue-purple, red, or yellow. Legume sessile, subsessile, or with a 3--4 mm stipe; body clindroid to ellipsoid, membranous.

About 38 species: Afghanistan, W Asia, China, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; seven species (three endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla red .......................................................................................................................................... 103. O. tukemansuensis

1b. Corolla yellow, purple, blue, or bluish purple.

2a. Corolla yellow.................................................................................................................................... 104. O. stracheyana

2b. Corolla purple, blue, bluish purple.

3a. Corolla standard ca. 1.3 cm, keel beak ca. 1 mm .................................................................. 106. O. vermicularis

3b. Corolla standard 0.5--1.3 cm, keel beak ca. 0.5 or ca. 2 mm.

4a. Beak of corolla keel ca. 2 mm ............................................................................................ 105. O. longialata

4b. Beak of corolla keel ca. 0.5 mm.

5a. Petiole 1.5--4 cm; leaves with 17--25 leaflets; peduncle 5--9 cm .................................. 109. O. valerii

5b. Petiole less than 1.5 cm; leaves with (9 or)11--19(or 21) leaflets; peduncle (1.5--)2--5(--8) cm.

6a. Corolla standard 5--8 mm, apex emarginate ............................................................. 107. O. densa

6b. Corolla standard 8--13 mm, apex subrotund ...................................................... 108. O. humifusa

103. Oxytropis tukemansuensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot.74: 66. 1999.

土克曼棘豆 tu ke man ji dou

Herbs, 3.5--4.5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, pulvinate-caespitose, yellowish brown pubescent. Stipules ovate, ca. 5 X 2 mm, scarious, basally connate. Leaves 1--2 cm, with 11--17 leaflets; leaflet blades linear to ovate, 3--4 X 1--1.5 mm, with yellowish brown or glandular trichomes. Racemes compact, 5--7-flowered; peduncle 3--4 cm, much longer than leaves; bracts triangular, with yellowish brown trichomes. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 X 2 mm; tube ca. 1.4 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, ca. 1.6 X 0.4 mm. Corolla red; standard 7--8 X ca. 3.6 mm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; wings ca. 7 mm, lamina obovate, ca. 4 X 1.2 mm, and auriculate; keel ca. 5.7 mm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile, fusiform, 9--10 X 2.5--3 mm, with whitish trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jun--Jul.

* About 4200 m. Xinjiang (Taxkorgan Xian).

104. Oxytropis stracheyana Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 62. 1874.

胀果棘豆 zhang guo ji dou

Herbs, 2--3 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, with many marcescent petioles and stipules. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 5 X 3 mm, thinly membranous to scarious, glabrous, basally connate. Leaves 1.5--4 cm, with 13--19 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, 3--7 X 1--2 mm, densely pubescent. Racemes compact, 3--6-flowered; peduncle 1.5--4 cm, subequal to slightly longer than leaves; bracts triangular, ca. 2 X 1 mm, with dense trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 10--14 X 2--3 mm, with whitish trichomes; lobes triangular, 2--3 X ca. 2 mm, much shorter than tube. Corolla yellow; standard 2.2--2.5 cm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings 1.6--1.8 cm, lamina obovate; keel 1.6--1.8 cm, beak ca. 2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, ca. 1.2 cm, inflated, densely villous. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 48.

Hillsides, meadows, Stipa grasslands, flood plains, roadsides; 2200--5000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

105. Oxytropis longialata P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 371. 1980.

长翼棘豆 chang yi ji dou

Herbs, 6--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from shortly branched multi-headed caudex. Stipules linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, with appressed white trichomes, adnate on basal ca. 1/3 to petiole otherwise distinct. Leaves 4--8 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading white long trichomes; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, 3.5--7 X 1--2.5 mm, both surfaces densely spreading white pilose, apex acute. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle 2--7 cm, shorter than leaves, with spreading sparse white trichomes. Calyx subcylindric, 6--8 mm, with appressed sparse black trichomes; lobes linear-subulate, as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 0.9--1.1 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1--1.2 cm, lamina ovate-oblong, apex emarginate; keel 8--10 mm, beak ca. 2 mm. Ovary stipitate. Legume unknown. Fl. May--Jun.

* Sandy and gravelly areas in valleys; 4000--4100 m. Xizang (Lhari Xian).

Grubov (Fl. Central Asia 8b: 21. 1999) treated Oxytropis longialata as a synonym of O. globiflora Bunge, but it has a standard apex 2-lobed, different from O. globiflora which is with standard rounded at apex.

106. Oxytropis vermicularis Freyn, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 1025. 1905.

维米苦拉棘豆 wei mi ku la ji dou

Herbs, 4--5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed branches and sometimes elongated and flexuous cadex, low-tufted. Stipules covered with appressed white trichomes, 1-veined, adnate to petiole. Leaves 0.5--1.5 cm, with 13--19 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, ca. 2.5 X 1.3--1.4 mm, pubescent. Racemes umbelliform, 2--5-flowered; peduncle 2--5 cm, ca. 2 X as long as leaves, with trichomes; bracts linear, 3--4 mm, densely covered with black and white trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 6--7 mm, black and white pubescent; lobes 3--4 mm, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla blue; standard ca. 1.3 cm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings as long as standard; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Ovary substipitate, glabrous or almost so. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun--Jul.

* Hilltops, grasslands, gravelly areas; 3500--4000 m. SW Xinjiang.

107. Oxytropis densa Bentham ex Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 24. 1874.

密丛棘豆 mi cong ji dou

Oxytropis stipulosa Komarov.

Herbs, 2--7 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multicipial caudex, cushionlike, with long trichomes. Stipules with a lanceolate free part, 5--7 mm, herbaceous, with spreading dense white long trichomes when young but glabrescent, basal half adnate to petiole. Leaves 1--3 cm, with (9 or)11--19 densely arranged leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading dense or sparse white long trichomes; leaflet blades ovate, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5--4 X 1--2 mm, densely to sparsely sericeous with white long trichomes, base rounded, apex retuse, rounded, or acute. Racemes 2--10-flowered; peduncle (1.5--)2--7 cm, longer to slightly shorter than leaves, with dense or sparse white long trichomes; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 3--4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4--6 mm, with dense white and black short trichomes; lobes linear, 1--2.1 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard 5--8 mm, claw very short, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings as long or shorter than standard, apex rounded to emarginate; keel 5--6 mm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong-cylindric, 9--12 X 2--3 mm, inflated, 1-locular, with speading dense white trichomes, septum less than ca. 1 mm wide, adaxial suture deeply grooved, apex acute. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

Alpine gravelly areas, flood plains, hillsides, grasslands, gravel terraces, Stipa-Carex moocroftii grasslands, and stony slope; 3500--5200 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kashmir, Pakistan].

108. Oxytropis humifusa Karelin & Kirilov, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 535. 1842.

铺地棘豆 pu di ji dou

Oxytropis albana Steven; O. humifusa var. grandiflora Bunge; O. lapponica (Wahlenberg) Gay var. humifusa (Karelin & Kirilov) Baker; O. lapponica var. jacquemontiana Bentham ex Baker; O. melanotricha Bunge.

Herbs, 2--5(--8) cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed shortly branched caudex, low tuft-forming. Stipules lanceolate with a lanceolate-subulate free part ca. 5 mm, 1--1.2 cm, membranous to leathery, persistent, sericeous with dense long trichomes or glabrous, adnate to petiole. Leaves 2--7 cm, with 13--17(--21) leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3--8 X 2--3 mm, appressed sericeous with long trichomes, apex acute. Racemes rather compact, 6--10-flowered; peduncle 2--5(--8) cm, to 2 X as long as leaves, thin, erect to diffuse, with sparse white short trichomes; bracts linear-subulate, 4--5 mm, with white and black trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 mm, with dense black short and white long trichomes; lobes linear-subulate, ca. 2 mm. Corolla purple; standard 0.8--1.3 cm, lamina obcordate, apex emarginate; wings 7--10 mm, apex 2-lobed; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 3--4 mm; body cylindric-ovoid, 1.3--2.5 X 0.4--0.6 cm, pendulous, membranous, 1-locular, with appressed white and black trichomes. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep.

Sunny south-facing slopes, flood plains, and gravelly areas in valleys; 4000--4400 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan].

109. Oxytropis valerii I. T. Vassilcz., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 24: 133. 1987.

维力棘豆 wei li ji dou

Herbs, 5--10 cm tall or taller, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules adnate to petiole. Leaves 5--8 cm, with 17--25 densely arranged leaflets; petiole 1.5--4 cm, with trichomes; leaflet blades lanceolate-ovate to ovate, both surfaces villous, base rounded, apex obtuse. Racemes compact, many-flowered; peduncle 5--9 cm, longer to somewhat shorter than leaves. Calyx campanulate, ca. 4 mm, lanate; lobes longer than tube. Corolla purple; standard ca. 7.5 mm, apex subrounded; wings almost as long as standard; keel beak ca. 0.5 mm. Ovary with appressed dense trichomes. Legume unknown. Fl. Jun.

* Hill tops, gravelly areas; 3500--4000 m. Xinjiang.

15. Oxytropis sect. Oxytropis

棘豆组 ji dou zu

Oxytropis sect. Protoxytropis Bunge.

Plants acaulescent (but shortly caulescent in O. mollis), from a simple or branching caudex, with yellowish gray trichomes. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflet blades yellowish gray. Racemes 5--13-flowered or more; peduncle 2--38 cm, somewhat shorter to much longer than leaves. Flowers 0.6--3.5 cm. Legume sessile, subsessile, or with a 2--3 mm stipe; body cylindric to oboid, 0.8--3 cm.

28 species: China, Europe, India, Kazakhstan, Kashmir, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; nine species (six endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla standard 0.6--0.8 cm; calyx 5--6 mm ....................................................................................... 113. O. qilianshanica

1b. Corolla standard (0.9--)1--3 cm; calyx 6.3--14 mm.

2a. Corolla standard (1.4--)2--3 cm.

3a. Peduncle stiffly erect, arising from castaneous to dark-brown caudex ............................. 112. O. grandiflora

3b. Peduncle typically curved-ascending, arising from a pale brown caudex.

4a. Leaves with (13 or)15--23 leaflets; corolla standard 2.1--2.9 cm and apex rounded, keel beak 1--1.5 mm ......................................................................................................................................... 110. O. latibracteata

4b. Leaves with 19--35 leaflets; corolla standard 1.4--2 cm and apex emarginate, keel beak 1--2.5 mm 111. O. barkolensis

2b. Corolla standard (0.9--)1--2.1 cm.

5a. Calyx 6--7 mm; corolla standard ca. 1 cm, keel beak 0.5--1 mm ..................................... 118. O. nangqianensis

5b. Calyx (6--)8--12 mm; corolla standard (0.9--)1--2.1 cm, keel beak (0.8--)1--4 mm.

6a. Beak of corolla keel 3--4 mm .................................................................................... 114. O. pseudocoerulea

6b. Beak of corolla keel 0.8--1.5 mm.

7a. Leaves 3--4 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets ......................................................................... 117. O. reniformis

7b. Leaves 10--35 cm, with 21--41 leaflets.

8a. Leaflet blades oblong-ovate to lanceolate; peduncle erect; legume erect-ascending; corolla standard apex emarginate ................................................................................. 115. O. songarica

8b. Leaflet blades oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, obovate, or oblong-lanceolate; peduncle erect-ascending; legume declining; corolla standard apex rounded .......................... 116. O. mollis

110. Oxytropis latibracteata Jurtzev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Acad. Nauk SSSR 19: 269. 1959.

宽苞棘豆 kuan bao ji dou

Herbs, 10--25 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or branched caudex, clothed with marcescent leaf basesand sipules. Stipules ovate to broadly lanceolate, ca. 1.1 cm, membranous, with spreading long trichomes, apex acute. Leaves (3--)10--25 cm; leaflets (13 or)15--23, opposite or sometimes alternate; leaflet blades elliptic, narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, 6--29 X 3--5 mm, sericeous. Racemes rather dense, 5--13-flowered or more, with dense black short trichomes; peduncle (4--)6--25 cm, longer to as long as leaves, sulcate, with dense short trichomes; bracts elliptic, 8--18 X 2--6 mm, papery, sericeous mixed with appressed black short trichomes, base rounded, apex acuminate. Calyx cylindric, (9--)11--13 X ca. 3 mm, with dense black and white short trichomes; lobes awl-shaped to triangular, 1.3--3.5 mm. Corolla bluish purple to pale purple; standard 2.1--2.7 cm, lamina narrowly elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.7--1.9 cm, lamina obliquely obtriangular, apex rounded or obliquely emarginate; keel 1.6--1.7 cm, beak 1--1.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 X 0.6 cm, leathery, pubescent. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

* Sunny hill sides, Betula forests, alpine steppes, grasslands, flood plains, and among shrubs; 1700--3800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.

1a. Leaflet blades 0.6--1.7 cm; bracts 8--11 X ca. 2 mm, shorter than calyx; corolla standard ca. 2.1 cm ............ 110a. var. latibracteata

1b. Leaflet blades to 2.9 cm; bracts 14--18 X ca. 6 mm, longer than calyx; corolla standard to 2.7 cm ............... 110b. var. longibracteata

110a. Oxytropis latibracteata var. latibracteata

宽苞棘豆(原变种) kuan bao ji dou (yuan bian zhong)

Oxytropis uralensis Ulbrich (1831), not (Linnaeus) de Candolle (1802).

Leaflet blades 0.6--1.7 cm. Bracts 8--11 X ca. 2 mm, shorter than calyx. Corolla standard ca. 2.1 cm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16.

* Sunny slopes, Betula forests, hillsides, alpine steppes, grasslands, flood plains; 1700--3800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.

110b. Oxytropis latibracteata var. longibracteata Y. Huan Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 352. 1997.

长宽苞棘豆 chang kuan bao ji dou

Leaflet blades to 2.9 cm. Bracts 14--18 X ca. 6 mm, longer than calyx. Calyx lobes to ca. 5 mm. Corolla standard to 2.7 cm. Fr. Aug, fr. Aug.

* Shrubs; 3500--3700 m. Qinghai (Gonghe Xian).

111. Oxytropis barkolensis X. Y. Zhu et al., J. Jap. Bot. 74: 65. 1999.

八里坤棘豆 ba li kun ji dou

Oxytropis flavovirens H. Ohba et al.

Herbs, to 35 cm tall, caulescent or essentially acaulescent, from a shortly branched multi-headed caudex, tufted perennial. Stipules narrowly triangular with a subulate free part, 1.8--2.5 cm X ca. 3 mm, villous, basally connate. Leaves subglabrous, 10--30 cm, with 19--35 leaflets; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 5--12 X 3--5 mm, both surfaces white villous, abaxially more densely villous than adaxially. Racemes 1.5--7 cm but elongating in fruit, compact to lax, 5--12-flowered; peduncle (5.6--)8.5--26(--35) cm, much longer than leaves; bracts triangular, 6--7 X ca. 3 mm, shorter than calyx tube, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 8--10 X ca. 4 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate, 4--5 X ca. 0.5 mm, as long as tube. Corolla purple (when dry) or rarely white; standard 1.4--2 cm, lamina ovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.3--1.7 cm, apex emarginate; keel 1.2--1.3 cm, beak 1--2.5 mm. Legume sessile, subcylindric, to 2.5 cm including a slender beak to 5 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul.

* Alpine meadows, hillsides, Juniperus centrasiatica forest margins, exposed grasslands, dry slopes, and riversides; 2000--3400 m. Xinjiang.

112. Oxytropis grandiflora (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 71. 1802.

大花棘豆 da hua ji dou

Astragalus grandiflorus Pallas, Sp. Astragal. 57. 1800, not Linnaeus (1753); Oxytropis collina Turczaninow.

Herbs, 20--40 cm tall, acaulescent, from a branching caudex, clothed with marcescent leaf bases and stipules, with appressed white but fading yellow trichomes. Stipules broadly ovate, with dense white trichomes. Leaves 5--25 cm, with 15--29 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to rarely orbicular-ovate, 1--2.5 X 0.5--0.7 cm, both surfaces white sericeous, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes compact, many-flowered; peduncle 10--30 cm, longer than leaves; bracts lanceolate to oblong-obovate, 0.7--1.3 cm, with appressed trichomes, apex acuminate. Calyx slightly purple, tubular, 1--1.4 cm; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1--3 mm. Corolla purple to bluish purple; standard 2.3--3 cm, lamina broadly ovate, apex rounded; wings ca. 2 cm, lamina obliquely obtriangular, apex rounded or emarginate; keel ca. 1.7 cm, beak 2--3 mm. Legume sessile, cylindric to lanceolate-cylindric, 2--3 X 0.4--0.8 cm, leathery, 2-locular, with appressed white trichomes mixed with black trichomes, septum wide, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak long. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 32.

Prairie on south facing hillsides, hillsides, gravelly areas, forest margins, grasslands; 800--1700 m. Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].

113. Oxytropis qilianshanica C. W. Chang & C. L. Zhang ex X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi, Cathaya 11--12: 154. 2000.

祁连山棘豆 qi lian shan ji dou

Herbs, (4.5--)9--22 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex. Stipules triangular, 5--13 mm, membranous to herbaceous, basal ca. 1/3 adnate to petiole, distinct, apex acuminate, with spreading sparse white long trichomes. Leaves (4--)6--15 cm, with 19--29 leaflets; leaflet blades narrowly ovate, 5--10 X 3--5 mm, with appressed dense pale yellow and white trichomes, base rounded, margin ciliate, apex acute. Racemes compact, 5--14-flowered, elongating after anthesis; peduncle (2.5--)11--19(--30) cm, mainly longer than leaves, erect, sulcate, with white long trichomes apically intermixed with black ones; bracts narrowly lanceolate, ca. 4 X 1 mm, herbaceous, pubescent, apex acuminate. Calyx campanulate, 5--6 X ca. 2 mm, with white and black long trichomes intermixed; lobes subulate, 3--4 mm. Corolla blue; standard 6--8 mm, apex emarginate; wings 6--8 mm, lamina elliptic; keel 5--6 mm, beak 0.3--0.5 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; stipe ca. 1 mm; body brown, cylindric, ca. 13 X 4 mm, pendulous, leathery, 1-locular. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Forests, riverbanks, dry hillsides and grasslands, along roadsides; 2300--5100 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang.

114. Oxytropis pseudocoerulea P. C. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 300. 1989.

密花棘豆 mi hua ji dou

Herbs, acaulescent, 15--25 cm tall, from a multi-headed caudex, laxely caespitose. Caudex branches covered with marcescent stipules. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, herbaceous, densely appressed whitish villous, basal part adnate to petiole. Leaves 10--14 cm; leaflets 17--29, alternate or opposite; leaflet blades oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 8--12 X 4--5 mm, abaxially densely white villous, adaxially laxly white villous, base rounded, apex acuminate. Racemes oblong, many-flowered; peduncle much longer than leaves, densely villous; bracts lanceolate-elliptic, 4--5 mm, densely pilose. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 9--10 mm, densely pilose; lobes linear-subulate, shorter to rarely as long as tube. Corolla bluish purple; standard 1.3--1.4 X 0.7--0.8 cm, lamina broadly oblong, apex rounded; wings 12--13 X 4--5 mm, apex emarginate; keel ca. 1 cm, beak 3--4 mm. Ovary 2.5--3 mm, glabrous. Legume shortly stipitate; body oblong, 1.5--1.8 X ca. 0.5 cm, subcoriaceous, 1-locular, densely pubescent, apex contracted into a long beak. Fl. and fr. May--Jul.

* Grasslands, shrubby slopes; 2000--3800 m. Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang.

115. Oxytropis songarica (Pallas) Candolle, Astragalogia 73. 1802.

准格尔棘豆 zhun ge er ji dou

Astragalus songaricus Pallas, Sp. Astragal. 63. 1800.

Herbs, 20--40 cm tall, acaulescent, from a thickened short branching multi-headed caudex, tuft-forming, sericeous-villous. Stipules broadly ovate, 1--1.2 cm, scarious, coarsely white pilose, 1- or 2-veined, basally adnate to petiole, connate and amplexicaul. Leaves 10--35 cm, with 21--39(or 41) leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades oblong-ovate to lanceolate, 1--2 X 0.3--0.8 cm, both surfaces white sericeous with appressed dense trichomes. Racemes rather lax, several- to many-flowered, elongating 8--10 cm in fruit; peduncle 7--38 cm, longer than leaves, erect, round, grooveless, covered with white soft trichomes; bracts lanceolate, 7--9 mm, with white trichomes, apex obtuse. Calyx cylindric, 0.9--1.2 cm, covered with spreading white and black long trichomes; lobes lanceolate, 1--2.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard 1.7--2.1 cm, lamina ovate, apex slightly emarginate; wings 1.5--2 cm, apically broadening; keel 1.8--2 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume sessile or substipitate; stipe to 0.5 mm; body ovoid to lanceolate-ovoid, 1.2--2 X 0.6--0.8 cm, erect-ascending, inflated, pilosulose, beaked. Fl. and fr. Jul--Aug.

* Grasslands and gravelly dry slopes, alpine and subalpine meadows; 1300--2800 m. Xinjiang.

116. Oxytropis mollis Royle ex Bentham in Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 198. 1835.

软毛棘豆 ruan mao ji dou

Oxytropis iridum Dickoré & M. Kriechbaum.

Herbs, 15--30 cm tall, shortly caulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex, with 1--2 or more apparent internodes, tuft-forming. Stipules lanceolate, 1.4--1.7 cm, papery, with spreading dense trichomes, basally adnate to petiole. Leaves 10--22 cm, with 23--31 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading dense white long and black short trichomes; leaflet blades oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, obovate, or oblong-lanceolate, 0.7--2.5 X 0.2--0.8 cm, both surfaces with spreading dense white long trichomes, apex acute to subtruncate. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle 7--27 cm, shorter to longer than leaves, erect-ascending, with dense white and black trichomes; bracts linear, 4--6 mm. Calyx 6.3--10 mm, with dense black and white long trichomes; lobes 1.5--4 mm. Corolla purple, rarely white or fading cream; standard 0.9--1.7 cm, lamina suborbicular to broadly ovate, apex rounded; wings 0.8--1.5 cm, apex rounded; keel 0.7--1.4 cm, beak 0.8--1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 3 mm; body cylindric, ca. 1.5 X 0.5 cm, declining, 1-locular, with dense black short trichomes, septum ca. 0.5 mm wide, adaxial suture grooved, beak ca. 3 mm. Fl. and fr. May--Sep.

Flood plains near fields; 2700--3400 m. Xizang [India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].

117. Oxytropis reniformis P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 370. 1980.

肾瓣棘豆 shen ban ji dou

Herbs, 3--7 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Caudex branches clothed with marcescent stipules and leaf bases, with sparse white long trichomes. Stipules with an ovate-lanceolate distinct part, free from petiole, connate to middle. Leaves 3--4 cm, with 9 or 11 leaflets; petiole and rachis with spreading white long trichomes; leaflet blades oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 4--7 X 1.5--2 mm, abaxially almost glabrous but midvein and margin with sparse long trichomes, adaxially densely appressed pubescent, apex acute. Racemes 5--7-flowered; peduncle as long as leaves, with spreading dense white long trichomes basally with dense black and white long trichomes. Calyx cylindrical, 8--10 mm, with appressed white and black long trichomes; lobes subulate, shorter than tube. Corolla blue; standard 1.1--1.3 cm, lamina orbicular-reniform, apex emarginate; wings 0.9--1.1 cm, lamina obovate-oblong, apex emarginate; keel slightly shorter than wings, beak subulate and ca. 1.5 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 2 mm; body cylindric, 10--12 X ca. 4 mm, with sparsely white and black short trichomes. Fl. and fr. Jun--Aug.

* Grasslands on mountain slopes; 4300--4600 m. Xizang.

118. Oxytropis nangqianensis X. Y. Zhu, Cathaya 11--12: 154. 2000.

囊谦棘豆 nang qian ji dou

Based on Oxytropis qinghaiensis Y. Huan Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19: 36. 1997, not O. qinghaiensis Y. Huan Wu (1996).

Herbs, 10--16 cm tall, acaulescent. Stipules with a triangular-lanceolate distinct part, 0.6--1.3 cm, adnate to petiole in basal ca. 1/3, connate. Leaves 3--10 cm, with 15--23 leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed to spreading sparse white trichomes; petiole 1--5 cm; leaflet blades ovate, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 3--13 X 2.5--5 mm, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes dense, many-flowered; peduncle 10--14 cm, slightly longer than or subequal to leaves, with spreading long trichomes basally mixed with dense short trichomes; bracts linear, 4--6 mm, white pilose. Calyx subcylindric, 6--7 mm, with intermixed dense black short and white long trichomes; lobes subulate, shorter to almost as long as tube. Corolla bluish purple; standard ca. 1 cm, lamina ovate, 7--8 mm wide, apex emarginate; wings ca. 1 cm, lamina obliquely narrowly obovate and 3--4 mm wide, apex emarginate; keel ca. 8 mm, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume sessile, pale brown, cylindric, 8--10 X 3--4 mm, leathery, sparsely pubescent, beak ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun--Sep.

* Near alpine forests 3900--4100 m. Qinghai.

See discussion under Oxytropis qinghaiensis entry.

16. Oxytropis sect. Sericeopetala C. W. Chang, Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 9: 40. 1989.

毛瓣棘豆组 bao ban ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent (but shortly caulescent in O. parasericeopetala). Leaves odd-pinnate; petioles and rachises densely white sericous-villous; leaflets not verticillate; leaflet blades whitish gray villous. Racemes subcapitate, many-flowered. Corolla purple or white; standard and keel sericeous on outside surfaces. Legume narrowly ellipsoid, ellipoid-ovoid, or ovoid, 1-locular, densely sericeous-villous.

Three species: endemic to China.

1a. Corolla white; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic; calyx lobes 3--4 mm .................................................... 119. O. lhasaensis

1b. Corolla purple, bluish purple, violet, blue, or rarely white; leaflet blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate; calyx lobes 4.5--9 mm.

2a. Plants 10--35 cm tall; calyx lobes 4.5--5 X ca. 1.2 mm ................................................................. 120. O. sericopetala

2b. Plants 7--9 cm tall; calyx lobes 7--9 X ca. 3 mm ................................................................ 121. O. parasericeopetala

119. Oxytropis lhasaensis X. Y. Zhu, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 495. 2004.

拉萨棘豆 la sa ji dou

Herbs, 10--11 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules triangular, 7.5--10 X 3.5--4.5 mm, herbaceous, with appressed white long trichomes, basally adnate to petiole, apical ca. 2/3 free. Leaves 4--7 cm, with 9--17 leaflets; leaflet blade appressed silvery or buff-colored tomentose; young leaflet blades sessile, narrowly elliptic to linear, 7--15.5 X 1--2 mm, usually conduplicate; mature leaflet blades, with a 2--3 mm petiolule, narrowly elliptic, 11.5--21 X 1.7--2.5 mm, sometimes with glands. Racemes elongate, lax, many-flowered; peduncle 7--12 cm; bracts subulate, 3--4 X ca. 0.2 mm, with appressed white trichomes. Calyx campanulate, 6--8 X ca. 3 mm, with white trichomes; tube 3--4 mm; lobes subulate, 3--4 X 0.2--0.3 mm. Corolla white; standard 10--11 X 6--7 mm, lamina suborbicular, 6--7 X 6--7 mm, and outside densely sericeous, apex slightly emarginate; wings 9--10 mm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel 6.5--7.5 mm, sericeous outside near tip, beak 0.2--0.5 mm. Legume unknown. Fl. Aug.

* Sandy riverbanks; ca. 3700 m. Xizang (Lhasa Shi).

120. Oxytropis sericopetala Prain ex C. E. C. Fischer, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 95. 1937.

毛瓣棘豆 mao ban ji dou

Herbs, 10--35 cm tall, acaulescent, from a branching caudex, tufted, sometimes with persistent petioles and peduncle of previous seasons, ± grayish. Stipules narrowly elliptic, 8--15 X 2.5--3 mm, silvery or buff-colored villous, apex acuminate. Leaves 7--20 cm; leaflets 13--31, sessile or subsessile; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 0.6--2.5 X 0.2--0.7 cm, both surfaces silvery or buff-colored tomentose, apex acute. Racemes many-flowered; peduncle 18--25 cm, usually longer than leaves, silvery or buff-colored villous-tomentose; bracts linear, 2.5--3 X 1--1.5 mm, villous, apex acuminate. Calyx cylindric, 8--10 X 2--4 mm, silvery villous; tube ca. 3.5 X 1--2 mm; lobes linear, 4.5--5 X ca. 1.2 mm. Corolla purple, bluish purple, violet, blue, or rarely white; standard 0.9--1.2 cm, lamina obcordate, 8--10 X 6--7 mm, and outside sericeous-villous; wings 1--1.2 cm, apex rounded; keel 8--10 mm, beak ca. 0.3 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body ellipsoid-ovoid, 6--7 X 4--5 mm, slightly inflated, densely whitish villous. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 16.

* Sandy sites and sand dunes, hills, grasslands, and gravelly flooded places; 2600--4600 m. Xizang.

121. Oxytropis parasericeopetala P. C. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 369. 1980.

长萼棘豆 chang e ji dou

Herbs, 7--9 cm tall, shortly caulescent, from a multi-headed caudex. Stipules membranous, densely white tomentose, free from petiole, basal half connate, apex acute. Leaves 3--5 cm, with 7--15 leaflets; petiole and rachis densely white tomentose; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 8--12 X 4--6 mm, both surfaces densely white tomentose. Racemes subcompact, many-flowered; peduncle shorter to as long as long as leaves, densely white tomentose; bracts linear, almost as long as calyx. Calyx 1--1.2 cm, with dense white and black long trichomes; lobes linear, 7--9 X ca. 3 mm, ca. 2 X as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard 1.8--2 cm, lamina subelliptic and outside white or pale yellow sericeous; wings slightly shorter than keel, outside sericeous or glabrous; keel slighly longer than wings, outside densely sericeous. Legume stipitate; body ovoid, 7--9 X 4--6 mm, with dense white and black short trichomes. Fl. and fr. Aug--Sep.

* Valley grasslands; 4500--5000 m. Xizang (Lhasa Shi).

17. Oxytropis sect. Orobia Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 73. 1874.

大花棘豆组 da hua ji dou zu

Hebs, 3--25 cm tall, acaulescent. Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets not verticillate; leaflet blades pubescent on both surfaces but often adaxially sparingly so. Racemes 2--11-flowered or more; peduncle 2--15(--18) cm. Corolla various colors, 0.5--2 cm. Legume subsessile or with a stipe to 5 mm; body cylindric, ovoid, or oblong -ovoid, 0.5--4 cm, erect, exserted from calyx, semi 2-locular to nearly 2-locular, with developed abaxial and adaxial (or only adaxial) septa.

About 70 species: Asia, Europe, North America; eight species (two endemic) in China.

1a. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes purplish violet, standard 1.7--2 cm; leaves 19--25 cm .............. 122. O. argentata

1b. Corolla purple, pale pink, blue, bluish purple, violet, or white, standard 0.5--1.3(--2) cm; leaves 1.5--12 cm.

2a. Calyx ca. 3 mm; peduncle shorter than leaves; legume sessile .................................................. 123. O. malloryana

2b. Calyx 3--12 mm; peduncle longer than leaves; legume with a stipe ca. 5 mm or less.

3a. Corolla standard 1.5--2 cm; legume stipe ca. 5 mm .................................................................. 127. O. rupifraga

3b. Corolla standard 0.5--1.3 cm; legume stipe 3 mm or less.

4a. Corolla standard 5--6 mm, wings apically rounded ............................................................. 128. O. immersa

4b. Corolla standard (5--)6--10 mm, wings apically emarginate.

5a. Peduncle 4--15 cm, 3--4 X as long as leaves; legume 10--15 mm; corolla standard apex rounded 124. O. lehmannii

5b. . Peduncle 1.8--15 cm, not more than 2 X as long as leaves; legume 5--8 mm; corolla standard apex emarginate or emarginate to rounded.

6a. Peduncle 1.8--3.5 cm, less than 2 X as long as leaves; leaves 1.5--3 cm .. 125. O. savellanica

6b. Peduncle 4--15 cm, to 2 X as long as leaves; leaves 2--12 cm ................... 126. O. proboscidea

122. Oxytropis argentata (Pallas) Persoon, Syn. 2: 331. 1807.

斋桑棘豆 zai sang ji dou

Astragalus argentatus Pallas, Sp. Astragal. 60. 1800; Oxytropis argyraea Candolle; O. argyrophylla Ledebour; O. recognita Bunge.

Herbs, 10--15(--20) cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed long-branched caudex. Caudex clothed with persistent petioles and sericeous trichomes. Stipules ovate, membranous, with sparse white trichomes, basal half adnate to petiole and connate. Leaves 3--12(--15) cm, with (9--)19--25(--31) leaflets; petiole and rachis with appressed trichomes; leaflet blades oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 5--10(--15) X 2--5 mm, with appressed white trichomes. Racemes lax, many-flowered; peduncle longer to as long as leaves, erect, with appressed to spreading white trichomes; bracts lanceolate, almost as long as calyx tube, with white and black trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 8--10(--12) mm, with appressed black and spreading white trichomes; lobes lanceolate to awl-shaped, 1/3--1/2 as long as tube. Corolla white or yellow, sometimes purplish violet; standard 1.7--2 cm, lamina obovate, apex emarginate; wings 1.3--1.6 cm; keel shorter than wings, beak 1--1.5 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid-oblong, 1.7--2.5 X 0.4--0.7 cm, adaxial suture deeply grooved, beak 5--7 mm. Fl. May--Jul, fr. May--Aug.

Shrub, gravelly slopes; elevation unknown. Xinjiang [Russia (Siberia)].

123. Oxytropis malloryana Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 250. 1927.

马老亚纳棘豆 ma lao ya na ji dou

Herbs, 3--5 cm tall, acaulescent, with sparse white trichomes. Stipules ovate to lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, adnate to petiole base, margin membranous and ciliate, apex obtuse. Leaves 3--5 cm, with 21--25 leaflets; petiole 1--2 cm; leaflet blade oblong-ovate, ca. 3 mm, margin slightly involute, apex obtuse. Racemes compact, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncle shorter than leaves; bracts lanceolate, shorter than calyx. Calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Corolla purple to violet; standard ca. 6 mm, lamina ovate; wings as long as standard; keel shorter than wings, apex acutely rostrate. Legume sessile, linear, 1--4 cm, 1-locular, adaxial suture intruded. Fl. and fr. Apr--Jun.

* Stoney south-flacing slopes; 3800--4600 m. Xizang.

124. Oxytropis lehmannii Bunge, Arbeiten Naturf. Vereins Riga 1: 225. 1847.

等瓣棘豆 deng ban ji dou

Oxytropis aequipetala Bunge.

Herbs, 5--20 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, pubescence short. Stipules with a lanceolate-subulate distinct part, 5--6 mm, subleathery, densely sericeous and sometimes also with sparse black trichomes, adnate to petiole, basal half connate. Leaves 2--6 cm, with 9--31 closely arranged leaflets; petiole and rachis densely sericeous; leaflet blades lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 1.5--12 X 0.3--4 mm, both surfaces appressed sericeous, apex acute. Racemes 8--11-flowered; peduncle 4--15 cm, 3--4 X as long as leaves, erect to diffuse, with appressed sparse white and black trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 3.5--6(--8) mm, with appressed white and black short trichomes; lobes awl-shaped, 0.8--1.2 mm, ca. 1/2 to as long as tube. Corolla purple and pale pink; standard 6--11 mm, lamina orbicular, apex rounded; wings as long as standard, lamina oblong, apex emarginate; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 3 mm; body cylindric to ovoid, 10--15 X 3--3.5 mm, slightly flattened, 1-locular, with appressed dense white short trichomes sometimes mixed with black ones, septum absent, abaxial suture round, adaxial suture concave, beak ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 16.

Gravel in alpine meadows, grassland on hillsides; 2000--4800 m. Xizang [Tajikistan, Uzbekistan].

125. Oxytropis savellanica Bunge ex Boissier, Fl. Orient. 2: 503. 1872.

伊朗棘豆 yi lang ji dou

Oxytropis carduchorum Hedge.

Herbs, 3--5 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, matlike or cushionlike, with appressed white trichomes. Stipules triangular-ovate, 3--4 mm, herbaceous, glabrous, subglabrous, or with sparse trichomes, adnate to petiole, basally connate, margin ciliate. Leaves 0.5--3 cm, with (7--)11--23 leaflets; leaflet blades oblong to elliptic, 1.5--5 X 0.3--2 mm, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, apex retuse to acute. Racemes capitate, (1 or)2--8-flowered; peduncle 0.8--3.5 cm, mostly longer than leaves, with appressed black and white trichomes; bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1--1.5 mm, with sparse trichomes. Calyx broadly cylindric, 3--5 mm, with appressed white and black trichomes; lobes subulate, 0.8--1.8 mm. Corolla purple; standard 6--10 mm, lamina suborbicular, apex emarginate; wings 5.5--6.3 mm, oblong, slightly shorter than standard, apex emarginate; keel 5.2--6 mm, beak 0.5--1 mm. Legume shortly stipitate; body broadly cylindric, 7--8 X 2--3 mm, slightly inflated, with appressed trichomes, beak ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul--Aug, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 16.

Rocky northern slopes, in Carex moocroftii grasslands, gravelly areas; 3500--5100 m.Qinghai, Xizang [Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].

126. Oxytropis proboscidea Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 17. 1874.

冰川棘豆 bing chuan ji dou

Oxytropis glacialis Bentham ex Bunge; O. nivalis Franchet.

Herbs, 3--17 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, densely cinereous-pubescent. Stipules ovate, membranous, densely sericeous with long trichomes, free from petiole, basally connate. Leaves 2--12 cm, with 9--19 leaflets; rachis with small glands; leaflet blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3--10 X 1.5--3 mm, sericeous with spreading long trichomes. Racemes compact, 6--10-flowered; peduncle 4--15 cm, equalling to much longer than leaves, with dense white and black incurved trichomes; bracts linear, slightly shorter than calyx tube, with sparse white and black trichomes. Calyx 4--6 mm, with dense black or white trichomes mixed with black long trichomes; lobes lanceolate, shorter than tube. Corolla purple, bluish purple, or seldom white; standard 5--9 X ca. 5 mm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate to rounded; wings ca. 7 mm, lamina obovate to oblong, apex emarginate; keel ca. 6 mm, beak subtriangular, very short. Legume shortly stipitate; body ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 5--7 X 4--6 mm, inflated, membranous, 1-locular, with spreading dense white long and black short trichomes, septum absent, adaxial suture emarginate, beak erect. Fl. and fr. Jun--Sep.

* Desert grasslands, gravelly areas, lake shores, sunny dry slopes, flood plains, cold meadows, sand dunes; 4100--5300 m. Gansu, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.

127. Oxytropis rupifraga Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 24. 1866.

悬岩棘豆 xuan yan ji dou

Herbs, 4--9 cm tall, acaulescent, from a branching multi-headed caudex, appressed white villous-sericeous. Stipules ovate-oblong, membranous, villous-sericeous, adnate to petiole, basally connate. Leaves 2--6 cm, with 15--21 densely arranged leafets; petiole and rachis densely villous-sericeous; leaflet blades ovate to oblong, 2--5 X 1--2 mm, both surfaces densely white villous-sericeous. Racemes dense, 5--7-flowered; peduncle 4--6 cm, longer to as long as leaves, with white and black trichomes intermixed; bracts lanceolate, 3--8 mm, with black and white trichomes intermixed on apical part. Calyx broadly cylindric, 0.8--1.2 cm, with trichomes like those on bracts; lobes lanceolate, 4--5 mm. Corolla blue to bluish purple; standard 1.5--2 cm, lamina almost orbicular, apex emarginate to 2-lobed; wings 1.1--1.6 cm, lamina apex emarginate; keel 1--1.3 cm, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe ca. 5 mm; body oblong, oblong-ovoid, or ovoid, 1.5--3 X 0.5--0.7 cm, 1-locular, with appressed white trichomes, beak erect. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Jul--Aug.

Gravel on hilltops; ca. 1700 m. Xinjiang [Kyrgyzstan].

128. Oxytropis immersa (Baker ex Aitchison) Bunge ex B. Fedtsch., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 21: 212. 1907.

和硕棘豆 he shuo ji dou

Astragalus immersus Baker ex Aitchison, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 45. 1880; Oxytropis incanescens Freyn; O. pamirica Danguy.

Herbs, 4--11 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, cushion- or mat-forming, with whitish trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, 5--6 X ca. 3 mm, membranous, basally connate. Leaves (0.8--)2--8 cm, with 15--21 leaflets; leaflet blades ovate, 1--5 X 1--2 mm, both surfaces with appressed trichomes. Racemes compact, few- to ca. 10-flowered; peduncle 4--10 cm, as long or somewhat longer than leaves, with appressed trichomes; bracts triangular, 2--3 X ca. 1 mm, scarious, pubescent. Calyx broadly cylindric, 3--7 X ca. 1 mm, with whitish and blackish trichomes; lobes subulate, 1--3 X ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 1/2 as long as tube. Corolla violet to purple; standard 0.9--1.3 cm, lamina orbicular, apex emarginate; wings ca. 9.5 mm, lamina obovate, apex rounded; keel as long as wings, beak ca. 1 mm. Legume stipitate; stipe 2--3 mm; body cylindric, 10--18 X 4--7 mm, with appressed blackish and whitish trichomes, beak 1--2 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug.

Sunny gravelly hill slopes, alpine meadows; 3600--4200 m. Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia].

18. Oxytropis sect. Neimonggolia X. Y. Zhu & H. Ohashi, Cathaya 11--12: 161. 2000.

内蒙棘豆组 nei mong ji dou zu

Herbs, acaulescent, from a simple or branched caudex, compactly caespitose. Leaves 1-foliolate; leaflet borne on a short to elongate petiole. Racemes 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle obsolete or shorter than leaves. Legume sessile, spherical-ovoid (unknown in O. monophylla).

Two species: China, Mongolia; two species (one endemic) in China.

1a. Petiole 2--5 cm; corolla light yellow, yellow, yellowish green, red, whitish green, or white; ovary pubescent 129. O. neimonggolica

1b. Petiole 0.5--1 cm; corolla purple; ovary glabrous ............................................................................... 130. O. monophylla

129. Oxytropis neimonggolica C. W. Chang & Y. Z. Zhao, Acta Phytax. Sin. 99: 523. 1981.

内蒙古棘豆 nei meng gu ji dou

Herbs, 3--9 cm tall, acaulescent, from a simple or multi-headed caudex, with a thatch of marcescent leaf bases. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 4 X 2--3 mm, membranous, whitish villous, basally connate. Leaves 3--6.5 cm, with 1 leaflet; petiole 2--5 cm; leaflet blade lanceolate to elliptic, ca. 3.2 X 0.6--0.8 cm, densely whitish sericeous. Racemes 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle 1--2 cm, shorter than leaves, whitish villous with long trichomes; bracts triangular, ca. 3 X 1 mm, whitish villous with long trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 10--15 X ca. 4 mm, with appressed long whitish trichomes and sometimes also with blackish short trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--3 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla light yellow, yellow, yellowish green, red, whitish green, or white; standard 1.9--2.1 cm, lamina spatulate and ca. 1.4 X 0.7 cm, apex entire or 2-lobed; wings ca. 1.6 cm, lamina obovate; keel ca. 1.4 cm, beak ca. 0.5 mm. Ovary pubescent. Legume sessile, spherical-ovoid, 1.5--2 X 0.8--1 cm, inflated, densely whitish villous, apex abruptly beaked. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Sunny slopes, grasslands, north-facing slopes, Stipa community on dry desertic prairie; 1000--2200 m. Nei Mongol.

130. Oxytropis monophylla Grubov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 63: 364. 1978.

单叶棘豆 dan ye ji dou

Herbs, 3--8 cm tall, acaulescent, from a multi-headed caudex, cushion- or tuft-forming. Stipules obovate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, with white long trichomes, free, basally connate, apex obtuse. Leaves with 1 leaflet; petiole 5--10 mm; leaflet blade lanceolate-elliptic, ca. 3.5 cm X 3--8 mm, erect, margin entire, base obtuse, apex acute. Flowers solitary, sessile. Calyx cylindric, 0.9--1.4 cm, densely appressed white villous and with white and black trichomes on apical part; lobes triangular-subulate, 2--3 mm. Corolla purple; standard 1.8--2 cm, lamina oblong-obovate; wings ca. 1.5 cm, lamina oblong; keel ca. 1.4 cm, beak short. Ovary glabrous. Legume unknown. Fl. May--Oct.

Deserts; ca. 3700 m. Nei Mongol, Ningxia [Mongolia].

3. OXYTROPIS subgen. TRAGANTHOXYTROPIS Vassilcz. in Komarov, Fl. URSS 13: 221. 1948.

猫刺棘豆亚属 mao ci ji dou ya shu

Shrublets, usually pulvinate, strongly branching, spiny, tragacanthoid. Racemes 1--5-flowered. Corolla purple or pink. Legume ovoid to subspherical, inflated.

Two sections and seven species: China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia; three species (none endemic) in China.

1a. Leaves lacking terminal leaflet, rachis apex spinescent; legume nut-form in shape, thickly leathery (species no. 131) .............................................................................................................................................................. 19. O. sect. Lycotriche

1b. Leaves with a terminal leaflet, rachis ultimately persistent as a thorn; legume vesicular, membranous (species nos. 132--133) ............................................................................................................................................................ 20. O. sect. Hystrix

19. Oxytropis sect. Lycotriche Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 134. 1874.

猫头刺组 mao tou ci zu

Shrublets, strongly branched, non-glandular, with appressed silky trichomes often forming pulvinate tufts. Stipules adnate to petiole, connate. Leaves appearing even-pinnate by apical leaflet reduced to a spine; petiole and rachis hardened after falling of leaflets and becoming a slender spines. Racemes axillary, few-flowered; peduncle short. Calyx inflating in fruit, not ruptured by legume. Legume ± ovoid, thickly leathery, ± 2-locular.

One species: China, Mongolia, Russia; one species (not endemic) in China.

131. Oxytropis aciphylla Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 3: 279. 1831.

猫头刺 mao tou ci

Oxytropis aciphylla f. albiflora Z. Y. Chang et al.; O. aciphylla var. gracilis Krylov; O. aciphylla var. utriculata H. C. Fu; O. kossinskyi B Fedtschenko & Basilevskaja; O. lycotriche Bunge.

Shrublets, 4--20 cm tall, from a woody base, forming hemispherical cushions. Branchlets bearing persistent leaves modified as thorns. Stipules narrowly triangular, 2--6 X ca. 3 mm, scarious, connate nearly to apex, margin ciliate. Leaves 2--6 cm, with 4--12 opposite leaflets not including apical spine; pedicel and rachis persistent; leaflet blades linear to narrowly elliptic, 5--18 X 1--2 mm, apex acuminate and spinescent. Racemes 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle obsolete or to 5 cm; bracts subulate, 3--5 X 1--2 mm, scarious, pubescent. Calyx cylindric, 8--14 X 3--4 mm, slightly inflated after anthesis, pilose with whitish and blackish long trichomes or with only whitish long trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--5 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla pink, purple, red, or white; standard 2--2.2 cm, lamina ovate to elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.8--1.9 cm, lamina obliquely lanceolate, apex rounded; keel 1.4--1.6 cm, beak 1--1.5 mm. Legume ellipsoid, 1--2.2 X 0.4--0.5 cm, inflated, thickly leathery, ± 2-locular, with appressed whitish trichomes and sometimes with long whitish trichomes. Fl. May--Aug, fr. Jun--Aug. 2n = 16.

Sandy areas, stony slope on hills, gravelly areas on high plains, rocky deserts, north facing sandy lake shores, dry hilsides in desert steppes, flood plains in valleys, gravelly and stony areas with Caragana; 500--3200 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].

20. Oxytropis sect. Hystrix Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 22(1): 131. 1874.

猬刺棘豆组 wei ci ji dou zu

Shrublets, often forming pulvinate tufts, non-glandular, with appressed to spreading trichomes. Leaves odd-pinnate; petioles and rachis hardened after leaflets fall and becoming a slender spines. Racemes axillary, (1 or)2--5-flowered; peduncle shorter to longer than leaves. Calyx not inflating in fruit, ruptured by legume. Legume ovoid to subspherical, membranous.

Five species: Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China; two species (neither endemic) in China.

1a. Leaves with 7--11(or 13) leaflets; racemes 2--5-flowered; calyx 1--1.4 cm, lobes 2--4 mm .................................................

................................................................................................................................................................... 132. O. tragacanthoides

1b. Leaves with 19--31 leaflets; racemes 1- or 2-flowered; calyx 0.9--1.1 cm, lobes 1.2--2 mm ..................... 133. O. hystrix

132. Oxytropis tragacanthoides Fischer ex Candolle, Prodr. 2: 280. 1825.

胶黄耆状棘豆 jiao huang qi zhuang ji dou

Oxytropis paratragacanthoides Vassilczenko.

Shrublets, 25--30 cm in diam, forming hemispherical cushions, branching from a ligneous caudex. Branches 6--10 cm, stout. Stipules narrowly triangular, 3--5 X ca. 3 mm, scarious, basally connate, margin ciliate. Leaves 1--7 cm, with 7--11(or 13) opposite leaflets; rachis persistent, with whitish trichomes, apically spine-bearing; leaflet blades ovate, linear, or oblong, 2--15 X 1--2 mm, appressed sericeous, apex acuminate and spinescent. Racemes 2--5-flowered; peduncle 2--5 cm, with dense white trichomes; bracts subulate, 3--5 X ca. 3 mm, scarious, with whitish and blackish trichomes. Calyx cylindric, 10--14 X 3--4 mm, pilose with whitish or sometimes whitish and blackish intermixed long trichomes; lobes subulate, 2--4 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla purple, blue, violet blue, reddish purple, or white; standard 1.8--2.4 cm, lamina obovate to elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.7--2.3 cm, lamina obliquely obovate, apex rounded; keel 1.9--2.2 cm, beak 1--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid to subspherical, 1.7--2.5 X 1--1.2 cm, inflated, ± 2-locular, with dense blackish and whitish pilose, septum 1.5--2 mm. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. Jul--Aug. 2n = 16, 32.

Flood plains, gravelly hillsides, dry rocky places, dry meadows; 2000--4100 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia].

133. Oxytropis hystrix Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-P ersbourg 10: 254. 1842.

猬刺棘豆 wei ci ji dou

Oxytropis spinifer Vassilczenko.

Shrublets, 10--16 cm tall, from a thickened multi-headed caudex, forming a hemispherical cushion shape. Branches thick and tough. Stipules oblong, scarious, adnate to petiole, basally connate, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Leaves 2--4 cm, with 19--31 opposite leaflets; petiole and rachis persistent, spinescent, with whitish trichomes; leaflets opposite; leaflet blades linear to oblong, 7--8 X 1--1.5 mm, caducous, both surfaces with appressed white trichomes, apex acuminate. Racemes 1- or 2-flowered; peduncle shorter than leaves, with dense whitish trichomes; bracts lanceolate, thinly scarious, with appressed trichomes, apex acute. Calyx tubular, 0.9--1.1 cm, thinly scarious; lobes subulate, 1.2--2 X ca. 0.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard 1.7--2 cm, lamina ovate to elliptic, apex rounded; wings 1.5--1.8 cm, lamina obovate; keel 1.8--1.9 cm, beak 1--2 mm. Legume sessile, ovoid, ca. 2 X 1--1.2 cm, subglabrous with sparse trichomes on abaxial and adaxial lines, septum ca. 2.5 mm wide, apex acuminate. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Aug.

South facing gravelly slopes in valleys; 2000--4300 m. Xinjiang [Kazakhstan].

^{^[1]} Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, Peoples Republic of China.

^{^[2]} Monte L. Bean Museum of Life Science, Brigham Young University, 645 East 1430 North Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 U.S.A.

^{^[3]} Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.