鱼鳔槐亚族 yu biao huai ya zu
SUN Hang, Kai Larsen
Shrubs or herbs. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely leaves reduced and squamiform; stipule connate. Racemes sometimes nodding. Calyx campanulate to shortly tubular; teeth subequal or upper 2 small; sepals of keel connate. Stamens diadelphous. Style barbate along inner or near upper part, rarely glabrous; many to few ovuled. Pod inflated or turgid, or terete, not trabeculate between seeds, often indehiscent, rarely dehiscent.
Nine genera: three genera in China.
1a. Style tip and stigma lower part inrolled or hook-curved; corolla yellow or brownish red, upper part of stalk of standard with bifold or callus .................................................................................... Colutea
1b. Style neither inrolled nor hook-curved; corolla red or purple, standard without appendage.
2a. Leaves pinnate; calyx smaller, teeth subequal or upper 2 connivent; pod inflated Sphaerophysa
2b. Leaves with 1(3) leaflets or simple and scalelike; calyx at least as 1/2 as long as keel, upper 2 wider than lower 3; pod compressed ........................................................................... Eremosparton
鱼鳔槐属 yu biao huai shu
Shrubs or small shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, rarely pinnate with 3 leaflets; stipules small; leaflets entire, opposite, estipellate. Racemes axillary, long pedunculate; bract and bractlets very small or absent. Calyx campanulate; teeth 5, subequal or upper 2 smaller, outside pubescent. Corolla yellow or brownish red; standard suborbicular, upper part of stalk with bifold or callus; wings narrowly falcate-oblong, with short stalk; keel broad, most inrolled, blunt at apex, with long connate stalk. Stamens diadelphous, upper 1 free, other 9 connate to tube; anthers homomorphic. Ovary funiculate; ovules numerous; style incurved, barbate along upper ventral suture; stigma inrolled or hook-curved. Pod inflated as utriform, acuate or tapering at apex, indehiscent or tip 2-valvate, with long stalk at base, segments membranous. Seeds numerous, reniform, without strophiole, funicle filiform.
About twenty-eight species: S Europe, E to NE Africa, and W to C Asia; two species in China plus two cultivated species.
DING Chensen. 1993. Colutea. In: Fu Kuntsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1): 26.
1a. Leaflets 1925, racemes 814(31)-flowered .................................................. 4. C. delavayi
1b. Leaflets 713; racemes 38-flowered.
2a. Annual branches (excluding young tips) glabrous to subglabrate; bark of branchlets thinly papery, longitudinally split; flowers to 2.4 cm; ovary densely white pubescent ......... 1. C. nepalensis
2b. Annual branches villosulous, bark of branchlets not split; flowers shorter than 1.8 cm; ovary sparsely pubescent.
3a. Flowers yellowish, wings with lower part wide, upper part gradually narrowed, without teeth; keel auriculate triangular-suborbicular, intersecting stalk at acute angle ...... 2. C. arborescens
3b. Flowers reddish brown to orange, wings with upper and lower parts subequal, with 1 or 2 teeth opposite to auriculate; keel auriculate oblong, parallel to stalk ..................................... 3. C. Χ media
尼泊尔鱼鳔槐 ni po er yu biao huai
Colutea arborescens Linnaeus var. nepalensis (Sims) Baker.
Shrubs, deciduous, 13 m tall. Old branches reddish brown to brunescent, glabrous, glossy; annual branches white to white-green. Leaves pinnate with leaflets 713, often clustered at new branch bases, 410 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent; stipules triangular; petiolule ca. 1 mm; leaflets often opposite, elliptic to obovate, 616 Χ 711 mm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent or adaxially glabrous, lateral veins inconspicuous, base rounded to nearly truncate, apex with inconspicuous mucro. Racemes subequal to leaves, 310-flowered; peduncle 810 cm, pubescent; bract ovate-lanceolate, both bractlets and bract pubescent. Flowers to 2.4 cm. Calyx outside with hairs, upper 2 broadly triangular, lower 3 linear, slightly curved. Corolla yellow; standard deflexed, 2022 Χ ca. 19 mm; callus oblong, rounded but margin free at apex, stalk 56 mm; wings ca. 15 mm, stalk ca. 6 mm, upper stalk auriculate, ca. 3 Χ 1.5 mm, irregular at apex; keel connate, nearly suborbicular, 1011 Χ 78 mm, apex beaked, stalk 910 mm. Ovary complanate, oblong-lanceolate, densely pubescent, funicle ca. 3.5 mm; style ca. 10 mm, curved, hook-curved at apex, ventrally with longitudinal cirrus; stigma terminal, small. Pod oblong, 45.5 Χ 22.5 cm, with groove along ventral suture, pubescent, with curved fruit stalk at base, acute to rounded at apex, segments thinly leathery. Seed smooth. Fl. and fr. JunJul.
Mountain slopes, riverside gravel, among shrubs. Qinghai (Haixi), Xizang (Ali) [Afghanistan, India, Pakistan].
鱼鳔槐 yu biao huai
Shrubs, deciduous, 14 m tall. Young branches with fine white hairs. Leaves pinnate with leaflets 713, 615 cm, with groove on rachis; stipules triangular or lanceolate-triangular to lanceolate-falcate, 23 mm. Leaflets abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, oblong to obovate, 13 cm Χ 615 mm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely shortly hairy, adaxially glabrous, venation clear and free, apex retuse or obtuse, mucronate. Racemes to 56 cm, 68-flowered; bract ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, blackish brown or mixed white scattered shortly sericeous, apex obtuse. Pedicel ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 5 mm; teeth triangular, 1/41/3 as long as calyx tube, outside sparsely blackish brown and white sericeous, apex argute; tube inside upper densely pallid to brown hairy. Corolla yellow; standard slightly wider than long, 1517 mm, base rounded, apex retuse, stalk 24 mm; callus crescent-shaped, slightly convex; wings 1114 mm, widest near base, to 4 mm wide, upper often attenuate, auriculate curved at one lateral base, equal to stalk, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse; keel suborbicular to triangular-suborbicular, ca. 5 mm wide at base, stalk 89 mm, auriculate, nearly triangular-suborbicular, to 11 mm wide at apex, ± concave. Ovary densely pubescent; style curved, at slight right angle with ovary, inrolled at apex, adaxially longitudinally white barbate. Pod greenish or slightly red at base, narrowly ovate, 68 Χ 23 cm, glabrous to subglabrate, both ends acute; seeds complanate, blackish to green-brown. Fl. MayJul, fr. JulOct.
Cultivated ornamentally in Beijing, Jiangsu (Nanjing), Liaoning (Dalian), Shaanxi (Wugong), Shandong (Qingdao) [C and S Europe].
杂种鱼鳔槐 za zhong yu biao huai
Shrubs, deciduous, ca. 1.8 m tall. Old branches gray, glabrous; young ones gray-yellow, with white hairs. Leaves pinnate with 913 leaflets, 710 cm; stipules on lower branches often triangular, ca. 1 mm, on upper branches lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; petiolule 0.51 mm, densely pubescent; leaflets opposite or subopposite, adaxially bluish green, obovate, 1.31.9(2.5) Χ 0.91.2 cm, abaxially appressed white pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex truncate to retuse, shortly mucronate. Racemes 66.5 cm, 35-flowered; peduncle to 34 cm, pubescent; bract lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, hairy; pedicel 710 mm; bractlets fine, pubescent. Calyx ca. 5 Χ 5 mm, outside with hairs, longitudinal ribs 5; teeth triangular, subequal, ca. 1 mm, inside with only calyx teeth densely manicate, glabrous below. Corolla orange-yellow to reddish brown; standard reflexed, ca. 15 Χ 1920 mm, base rounded, sinus at apex, callus lunate, stalk ca. 2 mm; wings conspicuous, smaller than standard and keel, upper and lower subequal, ca. 1 cm, rounded at apex, auriculate at one lateral upper base, often conduplicate and curved at apex, intersecting with stalk to form annular, lower part with 1 or 2 teeth, stalk ca. 4 mm; keel ca. 1.6 cm, connate, triangular-suborbicular, ca. 1.2 Χ 1.2 cm, auriculate oblong and ca. 4 mm at base, stalk ca. 9 mm. Ovary flattened, linear-lanceolate, ca. 6 mm, pubescent; style curved to nearly right angle, inrolled at apex, glabrous except barbate adaxially; funicle ca. 4 mm. Pod ca. 7.5 cm. Fl. and fr. MayOct.
Cultivated ornamentally in Shandong.
Colutea media Willdenow is a hybrid between C. arborescens and C. orientalis Miller which originates from the Caucasus region. Also Colutea orientalis is often cultivated in the Mediterranean region.
膀胱豆 pang guang dou
Shrubs, deciduous, 14 m tall, to 4 cm in diam. Stems with gray-green bark, and many fibers, throughout with dense to sparse, pallid and brownish appressed hairs. Leaves pinnate with 1925 leaflets, ca. 15 cm; stipules linear-lanceolate, 34 mm, both surfaces densely pubescent, tapering at apex; leaflets adaxially bottle-green, elliptic or ovate-elliptic or narrowly obovate, 1020 Χ 610 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially with scattered appressed hairs or subglabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex rounded or retuse, mucronate. Racemes longer or equal to leaves, 1517 cm, 814(31)-flowered; pedicel 35 mm. Calyx tube ca. 3 mm; teeth triangular, 11.5 mm, outer and inner margin densely pubescent. Corolla yellowish; standard reflexed, 11.3 cm wide, base cordate, apex retuse, stalk 23 mm; callus suborbicular, ca. 1 mm wide; wings ca. 8 mm, auriculate and stipitate at base; keel suborbicular, 6.58 mm, auricle broadly triangular, stalk ca. 7 mm. Ovary flattened, 45 mm, outside densely puberulent; style at right angle with ovary, inrolled at apex, adaxially longitudinally barbate; stigma fine; funicle ca. 3 mm. Pod ovoid-fusiform, 3.54 Χ 1.82 cm, argute at apex, attenuate at base, stalk 1218 mm; segments greenish white to yellow-green, outside sparsely appressed blackish brown hairy to glabrous. Seeds brown, not glossy, ca. 4.5 Χ 3.5 mm; funicle ca. 2 mm. Fl. AugOct, fr. OctDec.
Mountain slopes, riversides, among shrubs; 18003000 m. SW Sichuan (Jiulong, Muli), NW Yunnan.
苦马豆属 ku ma dou shu
Shrubs, small, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with pallid appressed hairs. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules small; leaflets 3 to numerous, entire, estipellate. Racemes axillary. Calyx teeth subequal or upper 2 connivent. Corolla red; standard orbicular, reflexed at margins; wings falcate-oblong; keel inrolled and blunt at apex. Stamens diadelphous; anthers homomorphic. Ovary long funiculate; ovules numerous; style incurved, adaxially longitudinally barbate; stigma terminal, capitate or oblique. Pod inflated, subglabrous, nearly indehiscent, with long stalk at base, ventral suture slightly sunken, segments membranous or leathery. Seeds numerous, reniform; funicle filiform. X = 8.
Two species: mainly in W, C, and E Asia and Siberia; one species in China.
DING Chensen. 1993. Sphaerophysa. In: Fu Kuntsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1): 69.
苦马豆 ku ma dou
Phaca salsula Pallas, Itin. 3: 216, 245, Append. 747. 1776; Swainsona salsula (Pallas) Taub.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs. Stems erect or lower part stoloniferous, 0.30.6 m tall, rarely to 1.3 m. Branch unfolded, with longitudinal rib, with sparse to dense pallid adpressed hairs; stipules linear-lanceolate or triangular to subulate. Rachis 58.5 cm, adaxially grooved; petiolule short, puberulent; leaflets 1121, obovate to obovate-oblong, 515(25) Χ 36(10) mm, abaxially with appressed white fine hairs, adaxially with scattered hairs or glabrous, lateral veins inconspicuous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex retuse to rounded, mucronate. Racemes often longer than leaves, 6.513(17) cm, 616-flowered; bract ovate-lanceolate; pedicel 45 mm, densely white pilose, bractlets linear to subulate. Calyx campanulate; teeth triangular, upper 2 shorter and wider, others longer and narrower, outside white pilose. Corolla red, purple later; standard suborbicular, reflexed outward, 1213 Χ 1216 mm, base shortly stipitate, apex retuse; wings shorter than keel, ca. 12 mm (including stalk), apex rounded, base with slightly curved stalk ca. 3 mm, and auriculate lobes ca. 2 mm, lobes rounded at apex; keel ca. 13 Χ 45 mm, blunt at apex, stalk ca. 4.5 mm. Ovary nearly linear, densely white pilose; style curved, only inner sparsely longitudinally barbate; stigma spheroidal. Pod elliptic to oval, turgid, 1.73.5 Χ 1.71.8 cm, apex rounded, stalk ca. 10 mm, segments membranous, outside sparsely white pilose, densely so on suture. Seeds brown, reniform to nearly semicircular, ca. 2.5 mm, funicle 13 mm, hilum rounded and sunken. Fl. MayAug, fr. JunSep.
Mountain slopes, plains, wasteland, sands, oases, ditchsides, around salt ponds; 10003200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].
无叶豆属 wu ye dou shu
Shrubs, short. Leaves squamiform. Flowers numerous; racemes slender, sparsely flowered. Calyx campanulate; teeth 5, ca. 1/2 as long as keel, upper 2 wider than lower 3. Standard orbicular or orbicular-reniform, sinus at apex, stalk short; keel shorter than wings. Stamens diadelphous; anthers homomorphic. Ovary sessile; style inrolled, upper dorsal longitudinally barbate; stigma terminal. Pod orbicular or oval, flattened and slightly turgid, 2-valvate, indehiscent; seeds 1 or 2(or 3), segments membranous. Seed reniform, without strophiole.
About three species: Central Asia; one species in China.
LIOU Yingxen. 1993. Eremosparton. In: Fu Kuntsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 42(1): 910.
准葛尔无叶豆 zhun ge er wu ye dou
Eremosparton aphyllum (Pallas) Fischer & Meyer var. songoricum Litvinov, Tr. Bot. Mus. 11: 74. 1913; [??Sphaerophysa songoricum author??].
Shrubs, 5080 cm tall. Stems much branched at base; old branches fulvous, with peeling bark; young branches green, sparsely pubescent, slender, slightly angulate. Leaves squamiform, lanceolate, 12.5 mm. Flowers solitary, axillary, forming long racemes (1015 cm) on branches; pedicel 11.5 mm. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; teeth triangular, appressed pubescent. Flowers purple. Standard broadly reniform, ca. 4 Χ 7 mm, concave at apex, stalk short; wings oblong, stalk ca. 1/2 as long as claw; keel shorter than wings, argute at apex, stalk slightly shorter than claw. Pod slightly turgid, ovate or oval, 613 Χ 58 mm, appressed pubescent, with acute beak, segments membranous; 1(3)-seeded; seeds reniform. Fl. MayJun, fr. JunJul.
Migratory or subfixed dunes. Xinjiang (Zhun-ge-er Basin) [Kazakhstan].