山蚂蝗族 shan ma huang zu
Huang Puhua (黄普华
Huang Pu-hwa);
Hiroyoshi Ohashi, Yu Iokawa, Tomoyuki Nemoto
Herbs, rarely twining, or shrublets, rarely trees. Leaves pinnately 3(–9)-foliolate or 1-foliolate; stipules mostly striate; stipels present. Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes or arranged into a panicle, rarely a umbel or a head enclosed in foliaceous bracts (Phyllodium). Calyx 4- or 5-toothed or 2-lipped. Wings equal to or exceeding keel and often adherent to it near base. Vexillary filament free or connate with remainder, sometimes forming a closed tube; anthers uniform. Pods transversely jointed, rarely of only 1 article, or 2-valved. Seeds with or without a strophiole.
Thirty genera and (524–)527(–530) species: distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions, but extending into the cool-temperate and sub-boreal regions of E Asia and North America; 18 genera and 141 species in China.
[We need to add Ohwia to the key! Note: Phylacium will be treated in the Phaseoleae, following Legumes of the World.]
1a. Stipels absent; pods 1-jointed, 1-seeded, not glochidiate.
2a. Lateral veins of leaflets strict; stipules large ............................................. 00. Kummerowia
2b. Lateral veins of leaflets arch-curved near margin; stipules small, subulate.
3a. Bracts caduceus, 1-flowered; pedicels articulate below calyx; keel falcate, acute 40. Campylotropis
3b. Bracts persistent, 2-flowered; pedicels not articulate;
keel strict, obtuse
............................................................................................................. 00.
Lespedeza
1b. Stipels present; pods usually glochidiate, 2–several-jointed, rarely 1-jointed, 1-seeded.
4a. Branch nodes with 3-fid and hard spines; leaves 1-foliolate .................... 00. Trifidacanthus
4b. Branch nodes without 3-fid and hard spines; leaves 3(–9)-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate.
5a. Calyx glume-like, lobes dry and hard, striate .......................................... 00. Alysicarpus
5b. Calyx not glume-like, lobes herbaceous, not striate.
6a. Umbels or short racemes axillary; flowers white or yellow; leaves 3-foliolate.
7a. Umbels not enclosed in 2 opposite leafy bracts ......................... 00. Dendrolobium
7b. Umbels enclosed in 2 opposite leafy bracts ................................... 00. Phyllodium
6b. Racemes or panicles terminal or axillary, rarely flowers fasciculate axillary; leaves (1)3–9-foliolate.
8a. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; stipules united, apex
3-lobed; pods 2-jointed
................................................................................................. 00.
Aphyllodium
8b. Leaves pinnately (1)3–9-foliolate; stipules free, apex entire; pods 2–several-jointed, rarely 1-jointed.
9a. Pods distinctly stipitate, ventral suture deeply incised, the isthmus less than 1/5 as broad as pod; stamens monadelphous ......................................................... 00. Hylodesmum
9b. Pods not stipitate or rarely shortly stipitate; constricted on both sutures or ventral suture straight; stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous.
10a. Joints of pod plicate-retrofracted.
11a. Calyx lobes short and broad, enlarged after flowering, net-veined
.......................................................................................... 00.
Christia
11b. Calyx lobes subulate or setaceous, not enlarged after flowering, net-veined.
12a. Joints connected along ventral suture ................................ 00. Uraria
12b. Joints connected at center of the joint .......................... 00. Urariopsis
10b. Joints of pod not plicate-retrofracted.
13a. Pedicels hooked-inflexed at apex and inverting flowers; leaves 1-foliolate 00. Mecopus
13b. Pedicel not hooked-inflexed at apex.
14a. Petioles winged; leaves 1-foliolate ................................. 00. Tadehagi
14b. Petioles not winged, if winged, then 3-foliolate.
15a. Pods turgid, continuous within, not jointed, valves transversely lined-venose ........................................................................... 00. Pycnospora
15b. Pods not turgid, jointed, valves not transversely line-venose.
16a. Joints of pod indehiscent .................................. 00. Desmodium
16b. Joints of pod dehiscing along dorsal suture, remaining attached to other suture .................................................................... 00. Codariocalyx
三叉刺属 san cha ci shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Shrubs, erect, spinose. Spines rigid, straight, sharp, trifid. Leaves 1-foliolate, entire; stipules scarious, striate; stipels minute. Racemes axillary, short; bracts broadly ovate, minute; bracteoles absent. Calyx membranous; tube short, 5-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate, lower lobes 3, upper 2 lobes connate. Corolla purple; standard broadly obovate, base cuneate, not or very shortly clawed; wings narrowly elliptic; keel slightly falcate, apex obtuse. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary linear, ca. 6-ovuled. Pod (3–)5–7-jointed; upper suture straight or slightly undulate, lower suture deeply undulate between articles.
Monotypic genus: China (Hainan), Indonesia, Philippines (Luzon), Vietnam.
三叉刺 san cha ci
Desmodium horridum Steenis; D. unifoliolatum (Merrill) Steenis.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall; spines 3–5 cm. Leaves alternate; petiole 2–4 mm, pubescent; blade elliptic or oblong-elliptic to linear-oblong, 1.5–6 × 0.7–1.5 cm, nearly leathery, distinctly reticulate veined, both surfaces glabrous, apex rounded, mucronate, sometimes emarginate. Racemes ca. 3 cm, sparsely pilose; bracts numerous around base of rachises, striate. Pedicels ca. 5 mm, often fascicled at node of rachis. Flowers ca. 1 cm. Calyx ca. 3 mm, sparsely pubescent; upper lobe triangular-ovate. Ovary slightly pubescent; style glabrous. Pod stalked, straight, flat and thin, (2–)3–4 cm, pubescent, reticulate veined; lower suture indented, upper suture straight or slightly undulate; articles 6–7 × ca. 4 mm, lateral surfaces reticulate veined. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.
Dry thickets of savannas, sparse forests of river banks; ca. 200 m. Hainan [Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Island), Philippines, Vietnam].
假木豆属 jia mu dou shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Desmodium subgen. Dendrolobium Wight & Arnott, Prodr. 1: 223. 1834; Desmodium sect. Dendrolobium (Wight & Arnott) Bentham.
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves 3-foliolate or rarely 1-foliolate, stipulate and stipellate; leaflets entire or shallowly undulate; terminal leaflets larger than lateral ones, lateral leaflets often oblique at base. Inflorescences axillary, subumbellate or umbellate to shortly racemose, densely flowered; bracts scarious, striate. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5-lobed; upper 2 lobes connate, appearing 4-lobed or minutely 2-toothed at apex; lower lobe longer than others. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard obovate, elliptic, or nearly orbicular, clawed, not auriculate; wings narrowly oblong, clawed, auriculate or not. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sessile, (1- or)2–8-ovuled. Pod ± moniliform, 1–8-jointed, indehiscent when mature. Seed distinctly rim-arillate. Cotyledons epigaeous.
Eighteen species: tropical and subtropical Asia and Australia; five species in China.
1a. Pod 1-jointed; terminal leaflets narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.9–1.9 cm 1. D. lanceolatum
1b. Pod 2–8-jointed; terminal leaflets usually elliptic-ovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, length: width ratio < 2.
2a. Pod usually 2-jointed; terminal leaflets shorter than 3 cm; lateral veins 5–9 per side of midvein and not reaching margin ..................................................................................... 2. D. dispermum
2b. Pod 3–5(–8)-jointed; terminal leaflets longer than 3 cm; lateral veins 7–17 per side of midvein and reaching margin.
3a. Lower calyx lobes ca. as long as other lobes; terminal leaflets acute or obtuse at apex 4. D. umbellatum
3b. Lower calyx lobes longer than other lobes; terminal leaflets acuminate, rounded, or sometimes acute at apex.
4a. Young shoots triangular; terminal leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic, apices acuminate to long acuminate; umbels 20–30-flowered ............................................... 3. D. triangulare
4b. Young shoots 4–6-sided; terminal leaflets rhombic, obovate, or broadly obovate, apices rounded or sometimes acute; umbels 10–20-flowered........................................... 5. D. rugosum
3b. Young shoots terete; terminal leaflets not above shape; umbel 10–20-flowered.
4a. Terminal leaflets elliptic to orbicular or ovate to broadly ovate, lateral leaflets ± oblique at base; keel distinctly broader than wings ......................................................... 4. D. umbellatum
4b. Terminal leaflets rhombic or obovate; lateral leaflets usually distinctly oblique at base; keel slightly broader than wings ........................................................................... 5. D. rugosum
单节假木豆 dan jie jia mu dou
Lespedeza lanceolata Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 488. 1903; Desmodium dunnii Merrill.
Shrubs, usually 1–3 m tall. Branches glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.5–2 cm; terminal leaflet blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2–5 × 0.9–1.9 cm, lateral leaflets smaller, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 4–7 per side of midvein, not reaching margin, both ends obtuse or acute. Inflorescences subumbellate, 1–1.5 cm, ca. 10-flowered. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, densely appressed pubescent. Calyx ca. 4 mm; upper lobe broader, other lobes narrower. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard elliptic, 6–9 × 5–6 mm, clawed; wings narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm; keel nearly falcate, 7–9 × ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens 7–8 mm. Pistil 7–8 mm; ovary pilose; style ca. 7 mm. Pod broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 8–10 × 6–7 mm, sessile, 1-jointed, glabrous, distinctly reticulate veined. Seed broadly elliptic, ca. 3 × 2 mm. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Sep–Nov.
Grassy river banks, thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 100–800 m. Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
1a. Pod broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 8–10 × 6–7 mm ........................... 1a. var. lanceolatum
1b. Pod nearly orbicular, 4–5.5 × 3–4 mm .................................................. 1b. var. microcarpum
单节假木豆 dan jie jia mu dou (yuan bian zhong)
Pod broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 8–10 × 6–7 mm.
Grassy river banks, thickets or sparse forests on mountain slopes; 100–800 m. Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
小果单节假木豆 xiao guo dan jie jia mu dou
Pod nearly orbicular, 4–5.5 × 3–4 mm.
Fujian [Thailand].
两节假木豆 liang jie jia mu dou
Desmodium dispermum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 69. 1913.
Shrubs or small trees, 2–3 m tall. Branches glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 5–12 mm; terminal leaflet blade obovate or elliptic, 1.3–2.5 × 1–1.5 cm, lateral leaflet nearly equal or slightly smaller, abaxially densely appressed sericeous especially on midvein, adaxially sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 5–9 per side of midvein, not reaching margin. Inflorescences shortly racemose, 1–2 cm, 5–7-flowered. Pedicel 2.5–5 mm. Calyx campanulate; lower lobes narrowly triangular; upper lobe broadly ovate, entire or minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla white; standard broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 8–11 × 7–9 mm; wings 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, clawed at base; keel 8–11 × ca. 3 mm, base shortly clawed. Stamens ca. 8 mm. Pistil ca. 1 cm; ovary densely sericeous; style ca. 7 mm, glabrous. Pod narrowly oblong, 1–2 × 0.5–0.6 cm, usually 2-jointed, extremely rarely 1-jointed, densely appressed sericeous, reticulate veined. Seed elliptic, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Fl. Oct, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Thicket margins near the sea, open places; sea level to 200 m. S Taiwan.
假木豆 jia mu dou
Hedysarum triangulare Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 40. 1783; Desmodium cephalotes (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott; D. triangulare (Retzius) Merrill; H. cephalotes Roxburgh.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young shoots sharply triangular, densely gray sericeous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2.5 cm; terminal leaflet blade narrowly obovate-elliptic, 7–15 × 3–6 cm, lateral leaflets slightly smaller, abaxially long sericeous especially on veins, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 10–17 per side of midvein, straight, reaching margin. Umbels 20–30-flowered. Pedicels not equal, densely appressed sericeous. Calyx 5–9 mm; tube 1.8–3 mm. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard broadly elliptic, shortly clawed; wings and keel oblong, base clawed. Stamens 0.8–1.2 cm. Pistil 0.7–1.4 cm; ovary densely pubescent; style 7–12 mm. Pod 2–2.5 cm, slightly arcuate, appressed sericeous, sessile, 3–6-jointed. Seed elliptic, 2.5–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 22@.
Grassy river banks, thickets on mountain slopes; 100–1400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa].
The roots are used medicinally to strengthen bones and build muscle.
伞花假木豆 sna hua jia mu dou
Hedysarum umbellatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 747. 1753; Desmodium umbellatum (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle.
Shrubs, dwarf, to shrubs or small trees, to 3 m tall. Young shoots terete, densely appressed sericeous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm; terminal leaflet blade elliptic or ovate to orbicular or broadly ovate, 5–14(–17) × 3–7(–8.5) cm, lateral leaflets slightly smaller, abaxially appressed long hairy, adaxially glabrescent, lateral veins 7–12 per side of midvein, reaching margin. Umbels often 10–20-flowered. Pedicel 3–7 mm at anthesis, 5–12 mm in fruit. Calyx 4–5 mm, upper lobe 2-toothed at apex. Corolla white; standard broadly obovate or elliptic, 1–1.3 cm × 6–10 mm, clawed; wings narrowly elliptic, 1.1–1.2 cm × 1–2 mm, clawed; keel broader than wings, 1.1–1.2 cm × 3–5 mm, clawed. Stamens ca. 1 cm. Pistil to 1.5 cm; ovary sericeous; style ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous. Pod narrowly oblong, 2–3.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, (3–)8-jointed, article broadly elliptic or oblong. Seed elliptic or broadly elliptic, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Nov–Mar.
Seashores. S Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, S Japan (Ryukyus), Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Pacific islands].
多皱假木豆 duo zhou jia mu dou
Desmodium rugosum Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 137. 1897.
Shrubs, to 2.5 m tall. Branches terete, glabrescent; young shoots 4–6-sided. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–7 cm; leaflet blade rhombic to broadly obovate, 5–15(–17) × (3–)4–13 cm, lateral leaflets 3.5–13 × 2–8 cm, densely appressed tomentose, glabrescent adaxially, densely tomentose with appressed hairs abaxially, lateral veins 9–15 per side of midvein and reaching margin. Umbels often 10–20-flowered; pedicel 2–3 mm at anthesis, afterward 3–7 mm. Calyx 5.5–6.5 mm, 4-lobed, upper lobes entire or minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla white; standard broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, 9–12.5 × 7.5–10.5 mm, shortly clawed; wings narrowly elliptic, 9.5–12.5 × 3–4.5 mm, base auriculate on both sides, claw 2.5–3 mm; keel ca. as long as or slightly broader than wings, 9.5–11.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, claw 2.5–3 mm. Stamens 10–11 mm. Pistil 11–13.5 mm; ovary densely puberulent; style 9–11.5 mm, puberulent in lower half. Pod narrowly oblong, 13–27 × 4–5.5 mm, 2–5-jointed, densely appressed sericeous, both sutures undulate; articles broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 5–8 × 3–5 mm. Seeds transversely elliptic, 2.5–2.7 × 3.7–4 mm.
Snow mountain range, streamsides; 800–2800 m. Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].
排钱树属 pai qian shu shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Desmodium sect. Phyllodium (Desvaux) Bentham; D. subgen. Phyllodium (Desvaux) Baker; Dicerma sect. Phyllodium (Desvaux) A. de Candolle.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipulate, stipellate. Inflorescences terminal, forming a racemose panicle, each umbellate, 4–15-flowered, subtended and enclosed by a pair of persistent leaflike bracts. Calyx campanulate, pubescent, 5-lobed; lower 3 lobes usually longer than upper ones; upper 2 lobes connate and entire or minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla white to pale yellow or rarely purple; standard obovate or broadly obovate, clawed or tapering to base; wings narrowly elliptic, clawed and auriculate at base; keel arcuate, base long clawed, auriculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Gynoecia longer than androecium. Pod sessile, indehiscent; lower suture more deeply incised, upper suture shallowly undulate, (1- or)2–7-jointed. Seed distinctly rim-arillate around hilum. Cotyledons epigaeous.
Eight species: tropical and subtropical Asia, N Australia; four species in China.
1a. Terminal leaflet lanceolate or oblong, 13–20 cm, often 4–5 × longer than lateral ones 1. P. longipes
1b. Terminal leaflet ovate, elliptic, or sometimes obovate, often 5–12 cm, ca. 2 × as long as lateral ones or nearly equal.
2a. Terminal leaflet slightly longer than lateral ones or nearly equal; leaflike bracts broadly elliptic or broadly ovate; pod slightly pubescent or glabrescent .............................................. 2. P. kurzianum
2b. Terminal leaflet ca. 2 × as long as lateral ones; leaflike bracts orbicular or broadly elliptic, if broadly elliptic, then pod densely silver-gray tomentose.
3a. Leaflets adaxially nearly glabrous; leaflike bracts orbicular, slightly pubescent and ciliate; pod usually 2-jointed, glabrous or slightly pubescent and ciliate ................................... 3. P. pulchellum
3b. Leaflets densely tomentose; leaflike bracts broadly elliptic, densely tomentose; pod often 3- or 4-jointed, densely silver-gray tomentose .................................................................. 4. P. elegans
长叶排钱树 chang ye pai qian shu
Desmodium longipes Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 20. 1910; D. tonkinense Schindler.
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets densely brown pubescent. Petiole ca. 3 mm; terminal leaflet blade lanceolate or oblong, 13–20 × 3.7–6 cm, lateral ones obliquely ovate, 3–4 × 1.5–2 cm, abaxially densely brown soft hairy, adaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, lateral veins 8–15 per side of midvein, distinctly reticulate veined. Flowers (5–)9–15, enclosed by pair of leaflike bracts; leaflike ones obliquely ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–2.7 cm. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Calyx 4–5 mm, white tomentose. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard obovate, 3–9 mm, clawed; wings 7–8 mm, base auriculate, clawed; keel arcuate, 8–8.5 mm. Ovary 3.5–4 mm, 7- or 8-ovuled. Pod narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.5 cm × ca. 3.5 mm, lower suture more deeply undulate, upper suture slightly undulate, both surfaces downy, 2–5-jointed; articles broadly oblong to nearly quadrangular. Seed broadly elliptic, ca. 3 × 2.3 mm. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov.
Thickets, dense forests; 900–1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
长柱排钱树 chang zhu pai qian shu
Meibomia kurziana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891; Desmodium grande Kurz; D. kurzii Craib; Phyllodium grande (Kurz) Schindler; P. kurzii (Craib) W. Y. Chun.
Shrubs, much branched, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets densely gray-yellow tomentose. Petiole 2–3 mm; terminal leaflet blade ovate or elliptic, 7–16 × 5–11 cm, lateral ones 7–11 × 5–6 cm, abaxially densely white tomentose, adaxially appressed white pubescent, lateral veins 8–10 per side of midvein, reaching margin, both surfaces distinctly reticulate veined. Flowers 5–11, enclosed by pair of leaflike bracts; bracts broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm. Pedicel 5–10 mm. Calyx 2–3.5 mm. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard ca. 10 × 5 mm, clawed; wings ca. 8 × 1.5 mm, clawed; keel ca. 9 mm, base long clawed, auriculate. Ovary 2.5–3 mm; style ca. 1 cm, slender. Pod 1–2 × 0.4–0.5 cm, slightly pubescent or glabrescent, 3- or 4-jointed; articles nearly quadrangular, reticulate veined. Seed orbicular, 2.3–2.7 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Oct–Nov.
Thickets on mountain slopes; below 1000 m. W Guangdong, S Guangxi, SW and W Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, N Thailand, Vietnam].
排钱树 pai qian shu
Hedysarum pulchellum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 747. 1753; Desmodium pulchellum (Linnaeus) Bentham; Dicerma pulchellum (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle.
Shrubs, 0.5–2 m tall. Branchlets white or gray pubescent. Petiole 5–7 mm; terminal leaflet blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 6–10 × 2.5–4.5. cm, ca. 2 × as long as lateral leaflets, abaxially densely pubescent on veins, adaxially sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 6–10 per side of midvein. Flowers 5 or 6, enclosed by pair of bracts; bracts leaflike, orbicular, 1–1.5 cm in diam., both surfaces slightly pubescent, ciliate. Pedicel 2–3 mm, pubescent. Calyx ca. 2 mm. Corolla white or pale yellow; standard 5–6 mm, base attenuate, shortly and broadly clawed; wings ca. 5 × 1 mm, auriculate, clawed; keel ca. 6 × 2 mm, clawed, not auriculate. Pistil 6–7 mm; style 4.5–5.5 mm. Pod ca. 6 × 2.5 mm, slightly constricted on both sutures, usually 2-jointed; articles glabrous or sparsely pubescent and ciliate. Seed broadly elliptic or nearly orbicular, 2.2–2.8 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 22.
Waste places on hills, roadsides, sparse forests on mountain slopes; 200–2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Jiangxi, Taiwan, S Yunnan [Throughout tropical Asia to Australia and New Guinea].
The roots and leaves are used medicinally for reducing fever, and as an antiphlogistic and diuretic.
毛排钱树 mao pai qian shu
Hedysarum elegans Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 450. 1790; Desmodium blandum van Meeuwen; D. elegans (Loureiro) Bentham; Dicerma elegans A. de Candolle.
Shrubs, 0.5–1.5 m tall. Branchlets and petioles densely yellow tomentose. Petiole ca. 5 mm; terminal leaflet blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, 7–10 × 3–5 cm, lateral one obliquely ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as terminal one, both surfaces densely tomentose especially abaxially, lateral veins 9 or 10 per side of midvein, both ends obtuse. Flowers 4–9, enclosed by a pair of bracts; bracts leaflike, broadly elliptic, 1.4–3.5 × 0.9–2.5 cm, densely yellow tomentose, base oblique, apex emarginate. Pedicel 2–4 mm. Calyx campanulate, 3–4 mm. Corolla white or pale green; standard 6–7 × 3–4 mm, base attenuate; wings 5–6 × ca. 1 mm, base auriculate, clawed; keel larger than wings, 7–8 × ca. 2 mm, clawed. Pistil 8–10 mm. Pod 1–2 × 0.3–0.4 cm, densely silver-gray tomentose, lower suture undulate, upper suture straight or shallowly undulate, usually 3- or 4-jointed. Seed elliptic, ca. 2.5 × 1.8–2 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Oct–Nov.
Plains, waste places on hills, grasslands, sparse forests, thickets on mountain slopes; sea level to 1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Cambodia, Indonesia (as var. javanicum Schindler), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].
The roots and leaves are used medicinally for reducing fever, and as an antiphlogistic and diuretic.
两节豆属 liang jie dou shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Dicerma sect. Aphyllodium A. de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 339. 1825; Desmodium sect. Dicerma (A. de Candolle) Bentham; Desmodium subgen. Dicerma (A. de Candolle) Baker; Dicerma A. de Candolle, nom. illeg.
Subshrubs or shrubs. Leaves digitate-trifoliolate; stipules united, amplexicaul, mostly 3-lobed at apex, stipels very minute. Inflorescences racemose, terminal and axillary; bracts narrowly triangular, bracteoles at base of calyx, 2–5 flowered at each node. Calyx campanulate or infundibular, with appressed long hairs and minute uncinate hairs, 5-lobed; lower lobes nearly equal to or longer than upper ones, upper lobes 2-connate, entire or minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla red; standard narrowly obovate to obovate, not auriculate; wings narrowly oblong; keel narrowly elliptic, shorter than wings, auriculate, clawed. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1). Gynoecia sessile. Pod mostly 2- or occasionally 1-jointed, both sutures deeply indented. Seeds distinctly rim-arillate around hilum.
Seven species: tropical Asia to N Australia.
两节豆 liang jie dou
Hedysarum biarticulatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 747. 1753; Aphyllodium australiense (Schindler) H. Ohashi; Desmodium biarticulatum (Linnaeus) F. Mueller; Dicerma biarticulatum (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle, nom. illegit.; Echinolobium biarticulatum (Linnaeus) Desvaux.
Subshrubs, 40–70 cm tall. Stem erect or creeping; young shoots with appressed soft hairs. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaflet blade narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, 1–1.8 cm × 3–8 mm, abaxially appressed pilose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse, mucronate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, simple, 5–15 cm. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Calyx ca. 3.5 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as tube. Standard 5–7 × 2.5–4 mm, not auriculate and clawed; wings 5–7.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, ± auriculate, claw 1.5–2.5 mm. Ovary puberulent, 2-ovuled; style glabrous. Pod erect, ca. 1 cm, both sutures deeply indented, articles transversely broadly elliptic to orbicular, with dense appressed or spreading hairs, reticulate. Seeds transversely broadly elliptic to transversely elliptic, ca. 1 × 1.2–1.5 mm. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22.
Waste places, grassy forest margins. Hainan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
小槐花属 XIAO HUAI HUA SHU
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Catenaria Benth. (1852), non Roussel (1806); Desmodium sect. Catenaria (Bentham) Bentham; Desmodium subgen. Catenaria (Bentham) Baker.
Shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules persistent; petiole winged. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, pseudoracemose or paniculate. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 4-lobed, upper lobe bifid at apex, lowest lobe longer than lateral ones. Corolla white to pale yellow; petals slightly callose, distinctly veined; standard elliptic, clawed; keel longer than wings. Androecium diadelphous; vexillary stamen free. Disk present around base of gynoecium. Pistil stipitate; style curved upward; stigma small. Loments linear; articles narrowly elliptic. Cotyledons epigaeous.
Two species: SE and E Asia.
1a. Apices of leaflets attenuate to caudate; flowers 6–6.5 mm; corolla greenish or yellowish white 1. O. caudata
1b. Apices of leaflets obtuse; flowers ca. 9 mm; corolla pale yellow ........................... 2. O. luteola
小槐花 xiao huai hua
Hedysarum caudatum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 675. 1784; Catenaria caudata (Thunberg) Schindler; C. laburnifolium (Poiret) Bentham; Desmodium caudatum (Thunberg) A. de Candolle; D. laburnifolium (Poiret) A. de Candolle; H. laburnifolium Poiret.
Shrubs or subshrubs, erect, 1–2 m tall, much branched. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, often very narrowly winged; terminal leaflet blade lanceolate or oblong, 5–9 × 1.5–2.5 cm, lateral ones smaller, abaxially apparently glaucous and more densely hairy on raised veins, adaxially lucid and glabrescent, base cuneate, apex acuminate or acute. Racemes terminal or axillary. 5–30 cm; rachis densely pubescent intermixed with minute uncinate and appressed or spreading longer hairs, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Calyx 3.5–4 mm, upper 2 lobes united for 3/4 length or more. Corolla green-white or yellow-white; standard elliptic, shortly clawed; wings narrowly oblong, clawed; keel oblong, clawed. Ovary densely appressed pilose on both sutures. Pod linear, flat, 5–7 cm, sessile, 4–8-jointed; articles narrowly ellipsoidal, 9–12 × ca. 3 mm, with dense, short, brown, uncinate hairs. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 22@.
Mountain slopes, roadsides, grasslands, streamsides, forest margins; 100–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam].
The roots and leaves are used medicinally as a diuretic, and as a pesticide.
淡黄小槐花 DAN HUANG XIAO HUAI HUA
Desmodium luteolum H. Ohashi & T. Nemoto, J. Jap. Bot. 73: 86. 1998, non Standley (1938); Desmodium sinoluteolum H. Ohashi & T. Nemoto.
Shrubs, ca. 50 cm tall. Stems glabrescent. Leaves alternate, stipulate, 3-foliolate, petiolate; leaflets stipellate, narrowly elliptic, principal lateral veins looped within margin, apex obtuse. Stipules persistent, narrowly triangular, 5–7 mm; petiole slightly winged; terminal leaflet stipellate, ± larger than lateral ones, 4–5 × 1.5–2 cm, abaxially appressed straight pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous; rachis 5–8 mm, slightly winged, sulcate adaxially; lateral leaflets pulvinate, sessile, stipellate adaxially; stipels filiform, 2–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, pseudoracemose, 5–7-flowered per node, appressed pubescent and with minute hooked hairs, ca. 19 cm when young (probably shortly paniculate at lower nodes when mature); primary bracts narrowly triangular, 3–4 mm. Flowers ca. 9 mm; pedicel 2–4 mm, pubescent; bracteoles 2 at base of calyx, ovate, ca. 0.5 mm. Calyx campanulate, symmetrical to base, 5-lobed but upper two united near to tip, outside densely appressed pubescent; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes ca. 2 mm, almost equal in length, lateral one narrowly triangular, lowest one slightly longer than others, inside appressed pubescent. Corolla pale yellow, distinctly veined; standard elliptic, ca. 8 × 5 mm, with a claw ca. 1 mm, slightly auriculate at base, apex slightly retuse; wings smaller than keel, ca. 7 mm, apex obtuse; lamina narrowly elliptic, ca. 5.5 × 2 mm, slightly auriculate at upper side of base, claw 1–1.5 mm; keel 8–8.5 mm, apex rounded, lamina ca. 7 × 3 mm, auriculate at upper side of base, claw 1.5–2 mm. Androecium diadelphous; vexillary stamen free from stamens of both sides and with small openings (fenestrae) at both sides at base; remaining 9 stamens connate for 4/5 or more of the length. Disk present at base of pistil, ca. 0.3 mm tall. Pistil slightly S-shaped, 7.5–8 mm, stipitate, stipe ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous; ovary 4–4.5 mm, 4-ovuled, densely appressed puberulent; style curved upward, pilose on both sutures; stigma small. Pod and seeds unknown. Fl. Sep.
* Riverside thickets; 400–500 m. NE Yunnan.
山蚂蝗属 shan ma huang shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate by reduction of lateral leaflets, stipulate, stipellate. Flowers usually smaller, in racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal, rarely solitary or binate in leaf axils. Bracts persistent or early deciduous; bracteoles present or absent. Calyx campanulate, 4- or 5-lobed, bilabiate; upper 2 lobes connate for all or most of length, entire or 2-toothed at apex, lower lobes free, longest. Corolla white, green-white, pink, purple, or violet; standard elliptic or obovate to nearly orbicular; wings ± adherent to keel, wholly clawed. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1), rarely monadelphous. Ovary usually sessile, with several to many ovules. Pod compressed, usually indehiscent, transversely segmented, upper (adaxial) suture slightly constricted or straight, lower (abaxial) one constricted; articles mostly ellipsoidal to quadrangular. Cotyledons epigeous.
About 275 species: mostly in subtropical and tropical regions; 30 species in China.
1a. Stamens monadelphous, axillary filament connate to other filaments above middle (only D. sequax to below middle).
2a. Stipules linear; keel equal to wings; pod moniliform, with dense rust-colored or brown minute hooked hairs .................................................................................................................. 32. D. sequax
2b. Stipules mostly narrowly ovate; keel shorter than wings; pod not moniliform, with hooked and straight hairs or glabrous.
3a. Bracteoles absent.
4a. Pod densely appressed sericeous; leaflets abaxially sericeous, midvein and lateral veins conspicuous .................................................................................................. 25. D. multiflorum
4b. Pod glabrous; leaflets abaxially velutinous, veins inconspicuous .. 26. D. amethystinum
3b. Bracteoles present.
5a. Terminal leaflets 5–17 cm wide.
6a. Young branchlets white pubescent; terminal leaflet ovate or broadly ovate, base oblique, abaxially densely sericeous ................................................................ 30. D. megaphyllum
6b. Young branchlets densely white- or gray tomentose; terminal leaflet orbicular, ovate, or obovate, base not oblique, abaxially densely gray or white tomentose ..... 31. D. yunnanense
5b. Terminal leaflets 1–5 cm wide.
7a. Terminal leaflets lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, more than 4 × as long as wide; pod glabrous ........................................................................................... 29. D. stenophyllum
7b. Terminal leaflets not as above, if lanceolate, then less than 2 × as long as wide; pod hairy or subglabrous.
8a. Apex of standard emarginate; keel not mucronate at apex; young branchlets pubescent 27. D. elegans
8b. Apex of standard orbicular, not emarginate; keel mucronate at apex; young branchlets subglabrous ...................................................................... 28. D. callianthum
1b. Stamens diadelphous, axillary filament free from other filaments.
9a. Pod linear, articles linear, oblong, or oblong-linear to narrowly obovoid, ca. 3 × as long as wide or more.
10a. Leaves 1-foliolate.
11a. Leaves 1-foliolate, leaflet blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 5–12 × 2–5 cm; pod 8–12 cm, 6–8-jointed, articles longer than 12 mm ...................................................... 4. D. zonatum
11b. Leaves often 1-foliolate, sometimes 3-foliolate near base of stem, leaflet blade broadly triangular or broadly ovate, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm; pod 2–3.5 cm, 3–5-jointed, articles 6–7 mm 5. D. gracillimum
10b. Leaves 3-foliolate.
12a. Terminal leaflet elliptic-oblong, 1–4 × 0.7–2.5 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5; stipules ca. 2 mm 6. D. scorpiurus
12b. Terminal leaflet basically ovate-elliptic, 4.5–10(–15 ) × 3–6(–8) cm, lateral veins 7–12; stipules 7–10 mm.
13a. Pod plicate when young; pedicels deflexed after flowering; flowers opening almost at same time; articles oblong; leaves always 3-foliolate ....................................... 3. D. hispidum
13b. Pod always straight; pedicels not deflexed after flowering; flowers opening one by one; articles linear to narrowly oblong; leaves 3- or 1–3-foliolate.
14a. Terminal leaflet ovate or ovate-elliptic, lateral veins 9–12; upper lobe of calyx entire or nearly so at apex ................................................................................. 1. D. laxiflorum
14b. Terminal leaflet rhombic-ovate or obovate, lateral veins 7–9; upper lobe of calyx 2-toothed at apex ....................................................................................... 2. D. diffusum
9b. Pod narrowly oblong, articles often orbicular, nearly oblong, or nearly quadrate, nearly as long as wide or slightly longer.
15a. Leaves 1-foliolate (D. styracifolium sometimes 3-foliolate).
16a. Leaflets orbicular to broadly obovate, reniform, or complanate-rhombic.
17a. Leaflets orbicular to broadly obovate, abaxially densely adpressed white sericeous, lateral veins 8–10 ....................................................................................... 20. D. styracifolium
17b. Leaflets reniform or compressed-rhombic, abaxially glabrous; lateral veins 3 or 4 21. D. renifolium
16b. Leaflets not as above, longer than wide.
18a. Leaflets 1–2.2 × 0.7–1.2 cm; pod glabrous ..................................... 19. D. rubrum
18b. Leaflets longer than 3 cm; pod hairy or nearly glabrous.
19a. Flowers crowded on peduncles; leaflets yellow-brown velutinous on both surfaces 14. D. velutinum
19b. Flowers lax, scattered on peduncles; leaflets adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent or villous.
20a. Flowering pedicel ca. 12 mm; pod subglabrous, glabrescent 13. D. oblongum
20b. Flowering pedicel 2–5 mm; pod with hooked hairs.
21a. Corolla green-white; petioles with dense straight and minute hooked hairs 11. D. gangeticum
21b. Corolla purple; petioles sparsely villous 12. D. flexuosum var. cordifoliolatum
15b. Leaves 3-foliolate (D. tortuosum, D. dichotomum, D. reticulatum, D. heterophyllum and D. microphyllum sometimes mixed 1-foliolate leaves near base of stem).
22a. Terminal leaflet shorter than 2.5 cm.
23a. Racemes 6-flowered to numerous.
24a. Leaflets obtriangular-ovate or obovate, 1–2.5 × 1–1.6 cm; branchlets spreading yellow-brown or rust-colored pubescent; seed without aril .......................... 15. D. griffithianum
24b. Larger leaflets narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 1–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 cm, smaller leaflets obovate or elliptic, 0.2–0.6 × 0.15–0.4 cm; branchlets nearly glabrous; seed arillate 22. D. microphyllum
23b. Flowers solitary, in pairs at axils, or 2 or 3 scattered on peduncle.
25a. Terminal leaflet broadly elliptic or broadly obovate; flowering pedicel 10–25 mm; articles of pod longer than 3.5–4 mm .................................................... 23. D. heterophyllum
25b. Terminal leaflet obcordate, obtriangular, or obovate; flowering pedicel 3–8 mm; articles of pod shorter than 2.5 mm ............................................................... 24. D. triflorum
22b. Terminal leaflet usually longer than 2.5 cm.
26a. Racemes shorter than 7 cm; flowers dense.
27a. Rachis densely yellowish spreading hooked-hairy; pod erect 16. D. heterocarpon
27b. Rachis densely gray-white adpressed villous; pod pendent 17. D. strigillosum var. pendenticarpum
26b. Racemes longer than 10 cm; flowers slightly sparse.
28a. Terminal leaflet narrowly ovate, or ovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, adaxially glabrous 18. D. reticulatum
28b. Terminal leaflet elliptic, broadly elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, or rhombic-ovate to obovate, adaxially sparsely hairy.
29a. Upper suture of pod straight or slightly undulate, lower suture constricted between articles.
30a. Shrubs with terete and glabrescent branches; terminal leaflet elliptic or obovate 9. D. concinnum
30b. Prostrate or climbing herbs with triangular stems; terminal leaflet broadly ovate to rhombic, rarely elliptic ................................................................. 10. D. intortum
29b. Both sutures of pod constricted between articles, moniliform.
31a. Flowering pedicel 8–17 mm, with minute hooked and glandular hairs; bracts caducous; leaflets sparsely hairy on both surfaces .......................... 7. D. tortuosum
31b. Flowering pedicel 2–5 mm, with minute hooked hairs and minute pubescence; bracts persistent; leaflets adaxially with adpressed and intermixed hooked hairs, abaxially densely adpressed hairy ......................................................... 8. D. dichotomum
大叶拿身草 da ye na shen cao
Desmodium macrophyllum Desvaux; D. recurvatum (Roxburgh) Graham ex Wight & Arnott.
Subshrubs or shrubs, erect, 30–120 cm tall. Young branchlets with adpressed and minute hooked hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm; terminal leaflet blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 9–19 × 3–8 cm, abaxially densely yellow sericeous, adaxially sparsely adpressed hairy, lateral veins 9–12, apex shortly acuminate. Racemes terminal and axillary, often 2 axillary, to 28 cm; rachis pubescent intermixed with minute hooked hairs, 2–7-flowered, fascicled. Pedicel 5–10 mm, densely hairy as rachis. Calyx densely villous; upper lobes entire or nearly so at apex. Corolla white to violet, 4–7 mm; standard broadly obovate or orbicular; wings auriculate and clawed; keel clawed. Pod linear, 2–6 cm, with dense, minute, hooked hairs, 4–12-jointed, articles oblong, both sutures nearly not constricted between articles. Fl. Aug–Oct, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 22.
Secondary forest margins, thickets, grassy slopes; 200–2400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
单序山蚂蝗 dan xu shan ma huang
Hedysarum diffusum (A. de Candolle) Roxburgh (1832), non Willdenow (1801); Desmodium laxiflorum var. formosense Ohwi; D. laxiflorum subsp. parvifolum H. Ohashi & T. T. Chen; D. unibotryosum C. Chen & X. J. Cui.
Subshrubs or shrubs, nearly erect, 30–100 cm tall. Branchlets with adpressed and minute hooked hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1-4 cm; terminal leaflet blade rhombic-ovate or obovate, shorter than 9 cm, abaxially densely yellow sericeous, adaxially sparsely adpressed hairy, lateral veins 7–9, apex acute. Racemes solitary, often terminal, to 25 cm; rachis pubescent intermixed with minute hooked hairs. Pedicel 3–5 mm, densely hairy as rachis. Calyx densely villous; upper lobes minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla white to violet, 4–7 mm; standard broadly obovate or orbicular. Pod linear, 2–6 cm, with dense, minute, hooked hairs, 4–12-jointed, articles oblong, both sutures distinctly constricted between articles. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov.
Thickets, forest margins, mountain slopes; 100–2500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species has been confused with Desmodium laxiflorum. However, it is well distinguished from it by the terminal leaflets rhombic-ovate or obovate, shorter than 9 cm, acute at apex, lateral veins often 7–9 pairs; racemes solitary; pedicel 3–5 mm; upper calyx lobe 2-toothed at the apex; both sutures of the pod distinctly constricted between the articles.
粗硬毛山蚂蝗 cu ying mao shan ma huang
Uraria henryi Schindler; U. hispida (Franchet) Schindler.
Shrubs or subshrubs, erect, 0.5–1 m tall. Stems striate; branches densely yellowish villous; old branches purple, glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; stipules ovate or narrowly triangular-ovate, 10–15 × 3–4 mm; petiole 1–2 cm, densely yellowish villous; petiolules 4–6 mm; leaflets papery; terminal leaflet ovate to elliptic, 5–17 × 3–8 cm, abaxially yellowish villous, adaxially densely hispid, glabrescent, lateral veins 8–11 per side of midvein, reaching margin, margin entire, midvein and lateral veins prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences densely yellowish villous, paniculate when terminal, fasciculate with (1 or)2–4 racemes or sometimes panicles at axils, 8–25 cm; primary bracts narrowly triangular-ovate, 4–5 × ca. 1 mm at base; secondary bracts 1.5–2.5 mm. Pedicel 4–5 mm, deflexed after flowering. Bracteoles absent. Flowers 2–8 per node, fasciculate, opening almost at same time. Calyx 3–4 mm, outside densely yellowish villous, 4-lobed; lobes lanceolate, subequal. Corolla white, pale yellow, or greenish white, 4–5 mm; standard elliptic to broadly elliptic, without auricles, claw ca. 1 mm; wings elliptic, claw ca. 1 mm; keel ca. 4 mm, auriculate, claw ca. 1 mm. Androecium diadelphous. Pod sessile, 1.2–1.8 cm, with dense hooked hairs, plicate when young, straight when mature, 4–7-jointed, both sutures undulate; articles elliptic, 2.5–3 × ca. 1.5 mm. Seeds elliptic. Fl. and fr. Sep–Dec.
700–2400 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [India, Myanmar].
单叶拿身草 dan ye na shen cao
Desmodium shimadai Hayata; Meibomia zonata (Miquel) Kuntze.
Subshrubs, erect, 30–80 cm tall. Young branches with dense, minute, hooked hairs, intermixed with sparse adpressed hairs. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–2.5 cm; leaflet blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 5–12 × 2–5 cm, abaxially densely yellow-brown pubescent, adaxially glabrous or with sparse minute, hooked hairs on veins. Racemes usually terminal, 10–25 cm, densely hooked-hairy and sparsely long, straight pubescent on rachis, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Calyx 2.5–3 mm; lobes longer than tube. Corolla white or pink, 6–7 mm; standard obovate, attenuate to base; wings narrowly obovate-elliptic, auriculate, shortly clawed; keel curved. Pod linear, 8–12 cm, both sutures shallowly undulate, 6–8-jointed; articles oblong-linear, longer than 12 mm, with dense, yellow, minute, hooked hairs. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep.
Dense forests, forest margins; 500–1300 m. SW Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].
细叶山蚂蝗 xi ye shan ma huang
Subshrubs, prostrate, 30–60 cm tall. Stems sparsely appressed pubescent and spreading minutely uncinate-hairy. Leaves 1-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate near base of stem; petiole 0.5–2 cm; blade broadly triangular or broadly ovate, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed sericeous, intermixed with sparse, minute, uncinate hairs, adaxially subspreading- and uncinate-hairy, base cordate, apex obtuse. Racemes terminal, 8–20 cm; rachis hairy, laxly flowered, often with 3-flowered fascicles. Pedicel 4–6 mm, densely uncinate-hairy. Calyx 2–2.3 mm; lobes nearly equal to tube. Corolla white-purple, 4–5 mm; standard obovate, shortly clawed; wings and keel wholly shortly clawed. Pod linear, 2–3.5 × ca. 0.2 cm; lower suture more deeply undulate, upper suture shallowly undulate, 3–5-jointed; articles narrowly elliptic, 6–7 × ca. 2 mm, with dense, spreading, minute, uncinate hairs. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Nov–Dec.
* Waste places; low elevations (200–300 m). S Taiwan.
蝎尾山蚂蝗 xie wei shan ma huang
Hedysarum scorpiurus Swartz, Prodr. 107. 1788; Desmodium akoense Hayata.
Herbs, perennial. Stems ascending or diffuse, hooked-hairy. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–3 cm, minutely hooked-hairy; terminal leaflet blade ovate or broadly elliptic to obovate, 1–4 × 0.7–2.5 cm, lateral ones slightly smaller, both surfaces adpressed hairy, lateral veins 4 or 5, base obtuse, apex obtuse-rounded or emarginate. Racemes terminal or axillary; rachis slender, minutely hooked-hairy, laxly flowered, 1- or 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 3–7 mm, with hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with straight hairs. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm; upper lobes slightly 2-toothed. Corolla pink, ca. 4 mm; standard obovate; wings oblong, clawed; keel obliquely obovate, long clawed. Ovary linear, ca. 3.5 mm; style curved. Pod linear, slender, 2–5 × ca. 0.25 cm, 3–8-jointed, constricted between articles; articles 4–6 mm, 3–4 × as long as wide, hooked-hairy. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 22@.
Open dry places; low and middle elevations (sea level to 500 m). Introduced and naturalized in S Taiwan [introduced in Australia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines; native of tropical America].
南美山蚂蝗 nan mei shan ma huang
Hedysarum tortuosum Swartz, Prodr. 107. 1788; Desmodium purpureum (P. Miller) Fawcette & Rendle; H. purpureum P. Miller.
Herbs, perennial, erect, 50–200 cm tall. Stems with hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with long hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1–8 cm, hairy as stems; terminal leaflet blade elliptic or ovate, 3–8(–14) × 1.5–3(–6) cm, both surfaces sparsely hairy, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Racemes or sometimes panicles, terminal or axillary, rachis with dense minute hooked and glandular hairs, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel filiform, to 1.5 cm at fruiting, hairy as rachis. Calyx 3–4 mm, 5-parted; lobes longer than tube. Corolla red, white, or yellow; standard obovate, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 2 mm, base attenuate, apex emarginate; wings oblong, base auriculate, shortly clawed; keel obliquely oblong, clawed. Pod narrowly oblong, 1.5–2 cm, both sutures constricted between articles, moniliform, densely gray-yellow hooked-hairy, (3–)5–7-jointed. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 22.
Waste places, plains; low elevations. Introduced and naturalized in Guangdong [naturalized in tropics of Old World; native to S U.S.A. to subtropical South America].
二歧山蚂蝗 er qi shan ma huang
Hedysarum dichotomum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3(2): 1180. 1802; Desmodium diffusum (Willdenow) A. de Candolle (Prodr. 2: 336. no. 106. Nov. 1825, nom. illegit., non no. 88 on p. 335), non D. diffusum A. de Candolle (Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 100. Jan. 1825); H. diffusum Willdenow.
Subshrubs or diffuse herbs, 20–80 cm tall. Stems adpressed long straight hairy and spreading hooked-hairy. Leaves 3-foliolate, sometimes 1-foliolate near base of stem; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm, hairy; leaflet blade elliptic or ovate to broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 1.5–7 × 1–6 cm, abaxially densely adpressed hairy, adaxially with sparse adpressed hairs, intermixed with sparse hooked hairs. Racemes terminal or axillary or usually panicles, 5–45 cm, hooked-hairy, laxly flowered, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–5 mm. Calyx 4-lobed, ca. as long as tube; upper lobes 2-toothed. Corolla purple to violet, ca. 3 mm; standard obovate or broadly obovate, base shortly clawed; wings and keel wholly shortly clawed at base. Ovary densely pubescent, 5- or 6-ovuled. Pod narrowly oblong, 1–1.8 cm × 2.5–3 mm, 5- or 6-jointed, densely hooked hairy, both sutures shallowly constricted between articles. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22.
Forests, thickets. S Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar].
凹叶山蚂蝗 qo ye shan ma huang
Desmodium barbigerum H. Léveillé.
Shrubs, 80–150 cm tall. Young branches adpressed pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.8–1.3 cm, densely gray hairy, terminal leaflet blade elliptic or obovate, 4–9 × 1.5–3 cm, both surfaces adpressed pubescent, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse-rounded, mucronate. Racemes terminal and axillary, 20–35 cm; rachis gray puberulent and hooked-hairy, 2–4-flowered at each node. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, hooked-hairy. Calyx 2–3.5 mm; lobes nearly equal. Corolla purple to violet; standard broadly obovate or orbicular, 5.5–7 × 5–6 mm, clawed; wings broadly obovate, 4.5–6 × ca. 3 mm, long clawed. Ovary hairy, 5- or 6-ovuled. Pod narrowly oblong, 4–6-jointed; lower suture deeply constricted near upper suture, upper suture thickened and nearly straight or slightly undulate, sparsely minute-hooked-hairy. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Oct.
Grasslands, mountain slopes, thickets; ca. 1300 m. Guangxi, S Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam].
扭曲山蚂蝗 niu qu shan ma huang
Hedysarum intortum Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Hedysarum no. 11, 1768; Desmodium nantouensis Y. C. Liu & F. Y. Lu.
Herbs, perennial, scandent, to 3 m long. Stems triangular, with white spongy pith, densely yellowish uncinate-hispid and pilose or sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; stipules ovate, 4–12 mm, acuminate or caudate, often persistent; petiole 3–9 cm, hairy as stems; terminal leaflet blade ovate or sometimes broadly elliptic, 5–13 × 2–7 cm, papery, both surfaces appressed pilose, base rounded to truncate, apex acute. Racemes terminal or axillary, to 30 cm, rachises with dense appressed to spreading hooked hairs, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel filiform, 6–10 mm. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, 5-parted; lowest lobe longest. Corolla purplish red to violet becoming bluish or greenish white, 9–11 mm. Pod shortly stipitate, narrowly oblong, 2–4.5 cm × 3–4 mm, densely brownish hooked-hairy, 5–10-jointed, abaxial suture deeply constricted, adaxial suture thickened, slightly sinuate; stipe ca. 2 mm; articles semicircular or rhombic, 4–5 mm. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 22, 24.
100–1400 m. Taiwan [introduced from Central and South America].
大叶山蚂蝗 da ye shan ma huang
Hedysarum gangeticum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 746. 1753; Desmodium cavalerieri H. Léveillé.
Shrubs, erect or nearly so, to 1 m tall, much branched, pilose. Leaves 1-foliolate, variable in shape and size; petiole 1–2 cm; blade narrowly elliptic-ovate, sometimes ovate or lanceolate, 3–13 × 2–7 cm, abaxially sparsely gray villous, adaxially glabrous except for hairy midvein, base rounded, apex acute. Racemes terminal and axillary or sometimes panicles, 10–30 cm, 2–6-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–5 mm, hairy. Calyx ca. 2 mm, 4-lobed; lobes slightly longer than tube. Corolla green-white, 3–4 mm; standard obovate; wings oblong, base auriculate, shortly clawed; keel narrowly obovate, not auriculate. Ovary hairy. Pod linear, slightly curved, 1.2–2 × ca. 0.25 cm; lower suture deeply undulate, upper suture slightly constricted between seeds, hooked-pubescent, 6–8-jointed. Fl. Apr–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 22.
Waste grasslands, secondary forests; 300–900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, SC Taiwan, S and SE Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Kashmir, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia, Pacific islands; naturalized in the West Indies].
心叶山蚂蝗 xin ye shan ma huang
Desmodium cordifoliolatum P. C. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 301. 1989.
Subshrubs. Branchlets sparsely villous. Leaves 1-foliolate; stipules 5–6 mm; petiole 7–8 mm, sparsely villous; blade ovate, 2–3.5 cm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous. Racemes 10–15 cm; rachis sparsely villous, densely hooked-pubescent, with 2–4 flowers, clustered. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard broadly obovate, 4.5–4.7 × ca. 3.5 mm, base shortly clawed; wings oblong, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, auriculate, clawed; keel falcate-oblong, longer than wings. Pod narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.8 cm × 2–2.5 mm, 3–7-jointed; articles broadly ovoid, hooked-pubescent, reticulate veined.
* Meadows. Sichuan.
Desmodium cordifoliolatum was described from a specimen from Dechang, Sichuan. It differs from D. flexuosum in having smaller stipules, leaflets, and petioles. One of us (Ohashi) regards D. cordifoliolatum as a synonym of D. gangeticum (Linnaeus) de Candolle (J. Jap. Bot. 70(2): 113. 1995).
The typical variety occurs in Myanmar and Thailand. It is a subshrub, 30–50 cm tall, with leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 3–6 cm; blade (3–)4.5–7.5 × (2.5–)4–7.2 cm; stipules 0.9–1.2 cm.
长圆叶山蚂蝗 chang yuan ye shan ma huang
Shrubs, erect, 70–150 cm tall, much branched, sparsely hooked-hairy. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–1.4 cm, with dense, minute, hooked and straight, adpressed hairs; blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7–12 × 2.5–4.5 cm, abaxially densely adpressed pubescent, veins sparsely minutely hooked hairy, adaxially glabrous except for hairy veins. Panicles terminal or axillary, 10–30 cm, laxly flowered, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel ca. 1.2 cm, elongated to 1.7 cm at fruiting. Calyx ca. 3 mm; lobes ca. as long as tube. Corolla purple or violet, 8–10 mm; standard nearly orbicular to broadly obovate, shortly clawed; wings obliquely oblong, auriculate, shortly clawed; keel clawed. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary adpressed pubescent, 6–9-ovuled. Pod narrowly oblong, 1.5–3 × ca. 0.3 cm; lower suture crenate, upper suture deeply constricted, subglabrous, glabrescent, 5–7-jointed. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov.
Broad-leaved forests or thickets; 1000–1900 m. Guangxi, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
绒毛山蚂蝗 rong mao shan ma huang
Shrubs or subshrubs, to 150 cm tall. Young branches densely yellow-brown velutinous and shortly hooked-hairy. Leaves 1-foliolate, rarely intermixed with 3-foliolate leaves; petiole 1.5–1.8 cm, densely yellow velutinous; blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, triangular-ovate, or broadly ovate, 4–17 × 2.5–11.5 cm, both surfaces yellow velutinous, indumentum denser and longer abaxially. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, racemose or paniculate, 4–10 cm, terminal ones often broadly paniculate, to 20 cm, 2–5-flowered at each node; bracts subulate or lanceolate, 2.5–12 × 0.3–0.7 mm. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm. Calyx 2–3 mm, 4-lobed. Corolla purple or pink, 3–5 mm; standard obovate-orbicular; wings narrowly elliptic, auriculate; keel narrow, not auriculate. Pod narrowly oblong, 1–2 cm × 2–3 mm, lower suture incised between seeds, upper suture nearly straight, with dense yellow straight hairs intermixed with short hooked hairs, 5–7-jointed. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 22.
Sunny grassy slopes, streamsides, thickets, mixed forests; 100–1400 m. Guangdong, SW Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Taiwan, S and SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, introduced in tropical Americas and Australia].
1a.. Bracts subulate, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm, sparsely hirsute; terminal inflorescences racemose or paniculate, 4–10 cm .................................................................................................... 14a. subsp. velutinum
1b.. Bracts lanceolate, 7–10 × ca. 0.7 mm, densely hirsute; terminal inflorescences paniculate, to 20 cm 14b. subsp. longibracteatum
绒毛山蚂蝗(原变种) romg mao shan ma huang (yuan bian zhong)
Hedysarum velutinum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3(2): 1174. 1802; Desmodium lasiocarpum (Beauvois) A. de Candolle; D. latifolium (Ker-Gauler) A. de Candolle; D. latifolium var. plukenetii Wight & Arnott; D. latifolium var. virgatum Miquel; D. plukenettii (Wight & Arnott) Merrill & Chun; D. velutinum var. plukenetii (Wight & Arnott) Schindler; D. virgatum Prain; H. lasiocarpum Beauvois; H. latifolium Roxburgh ex Ker-Gawler.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves 1-foliolate, rarely intermixed with 3-foliolate leaves; blade ovate-lanceolate, triangular-ovate, or broadly ovate, 4–11 × 2.5–8 cm. Terminal inflorescence racemose or paniculate, 4–10 cm; bracts subulate, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm, sparsely hirsute. Corolla ca. 3 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 22.
Sunny grassy slopes, streamsides, thickets; 100–900 m. Guangdong, SW Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Taiwan, S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, introduced in tropical Americas and Australia].
长苞绒毛山蚂蝗 chang bao rong mao shan ma huang
Desmodium longibracteatum Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 7. 1925; D. rufihirsutum Craib; D. velutinum var. longibracteatum (Schindler) van Meeuwen.
Shrubs. Leaves 1-foliolate; blade usually ovate, ca. 17 × 11.5 cm. Terminal inflorescence paniculate, to 20 cm; bracts lanceolate, 7–10 × ca. 0.7 mm, densely hirsute. Corolla ca. 5 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Thickets, mixed forests; 200–1400 m. Guizhou, S and SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
These subspecies were previously recognized at the rank of variety in the FRPS 41 (1995).
疏果山蚂蝗 shu guo shan ma huang
Desmodium griffithianum var. leiocarpum X. F. Gao & C. Chen; D. oxalidifolium H. Léveillé.
Subshrubs or herbs, prostrate or ascending, 30–60 cm tall. Branches spreading yellow-brown or rust-colored pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.6–2.6 cm, densely hairy as branches; leaflet blade obtriangular-ovate or obovate, 1–2.5 × 1–1.6 cm, abaxially adpressed puberulent, adaxially subglabrous, base cuneate, apex truncate. Racemes terminal, ca. 10 cm, rachis hairy as branches. Flowers dichotomous. Pedicel 3–5 mm, hairy as branches. Calyx 3–3.5 mm; tube 1–1.3 mm; lower lobes triangular, upper lobes distinctly 2-toothed at apex. Corolla purple-red, ca. 7 mm; standard nearly orbicular, clawed; wings oblong, shortly clawed; keel smaller than wings, clawed. Ovary strigose; style glabrous. Pod deflexed, nearly oblong, 1–1.5 cm × 2.5–3.5 mm, lower suture constricted, upper suture straight, 3- or 4-jointed; articles nearly quadrate, hooked and straight rigidly hairy. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 22.
Grassy slopes, roadsides, pine forests; 1500–2300 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
假地豆 jia di dou
Shrubs or subshrubs, erect or prostrate, 30–150 cm tall, much branched from base of stem. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm, slightly pubescent; terminal leaflet blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or broadly obovate, 2.5–6 × 1.3–3 cm, abaxially white adpressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex rounded or obtuse, emarginate, mucronate. Racemes terminal or axillary, 2.5–7 cm; rachis densely yellowish hooked-hairy or white adpressed strigose, densely flowered. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Calyx 1.5–2 mm, 4-lobed; upper lobes slightly 2-toothed at apex. Corolla purple, purple-red, or white, ca. 5 mm; standard obovate-oblong, shortly clawed; wings obovate, auriculate, clawed; keel extremely curved, apex obtuse. Infructescence crowded. Pod erect, narrowly oblong, 1.2–2 cm × 2.5–3 mm, upper suture shallowly undulate, both sutures hooked-hairy, 4–7-jointed; articles quadrate. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 22@.
Grasslands, grassy slopes, water sides, thickets, forests; 300–1800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, S Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Pacific islands].
We differ in our (Huang and Ohashi) circumscriptions of Desmodium heterocarpon. One of us (Ohashi) (J. Jap. Bot. 66: 14-25. 1991) recognized eight infraspecific taxa, including subsp. angustifolium H. Ohashi which corresponds to D. reticulatum Champion ex Bentham in this treatment, and subsp. heterocarpon comprising var. heterocarpon and var. strigosum.
1a.. Rachis with dense yellowish hooked hairs .............................................. 16a. var. heterocarpon
1b.. Rachis densely white adpressed strigose ...................................................... 16b. var. strigosum
假地豆(原变种) jia di dou (yuan bian zhong )
Hedysarum heterocarpon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 747. 1753; Desmodium buergeri Miquel; D. heterocarpon var. buergeri (Miquel) Hosokawa.
Rachis with white, spreading, hooked hairs. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Oct–Dec.
Grasslands, watersides, thickets, forests; 300–1800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia; Pacific islands].
The whole plant is used medicinally for reducing fever, and for treating contusions and strains.
糙毛假地豆 cao mao jia di dou
Desmodium nervosum Vogel; D. polycarpon (Poiret) de Candolle, [‘polycarpum”]; D. polycarpum f. hirsutum Pampanini; D. polycarpum var. trichocaulon Baker; D. siliquosum (Burm. f.) A. de Candolle; Hedysarum polycarpon Poiret; H. siliquosum Burm. f.
Rachis with dense yellowish or white, straight, appressed hairs. Fl. Jul–Oct, fr. Oct–Nov.
Sparse thickets, grassy slopes, streamsides; 400–900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Pacific islands].
垂果山蚂蝗 chui guo shan ma huang
Desmodium pendenticarpum C. Z. Gao & Q. R. Lai, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(4): 41. 1989.
Subshrubs, prostrate or ascending, to 1 m tall. Young branchlets white adpressed villous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.7–1.8 cm, villous; leaflet blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 1.7–4 × 1.1–2 cm, abaxially densely white villous, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex rounded or obtuse. Racemes terminal, 2.5–7.5 cm; rachis villous, densely flowered. Pedicel 2.5–3 mm. Calyx ca. 2 mm. Corolla purple, ca. 6 mm; standard broadly ovate-orbicular or orbicular; wings auriculate at base; keel nearly spatulate, curved. Pod pendent, 0.9–2 cm × ca. 2 mm, adpressed gray-white villous, conferted, lower suture undulate, upper suture straight, 3–8-jointed. Fl. Aug, fr. Oct.
* Mountain slopes; ca. 100 m. S Guangxi.
One of us (Huang) treats this taxon here as a variety of D. strigillosum based on the difference in indumentum of the branchlets, the pods, petioles, abaxial surface of the leaflets, as well as the difference in corolla color between both species. However, one of us (Ohashi. J. Jap. Bot. 70(2): 115. 1995) treats Desmodium pendenticarpum as a synonym of D. strigillosum.
The typical variety occurs in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam, and is introduced in Australia. It is an erect shrub or subshrub, to 60 cm tall, with branchlets, petioles, and leaflets abaxially densely appressed gray or silver silky-hairy; rachis of the inflorescence with dense appressed white or silver silky hairs, intermixed with hooked hairs; corolla blue; pod densely minutely hooked hairy and long straight white hairy.
显脉山绿豆 xian mai shan liu dou
Desmodium heterocarpon (Linnaeus) de Candolle subsp. angustifolium H. Ohashi.
Subshrubs, erect, 30–60 cm tall. Leaves 3- or sometimes 1-foliolate near lower stem; petiole 1.5–3 cm, sparsely hairy; terminal leaflet blade narrowly ovate or ovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3–5 × 1–2 cm, lucid, abaxially adpressed pilose, adaxially glabrous, base slightly cordate, both ends obtuse or apex acute. Racemes terminal, 10–15 cm or longer; rachis densely hooked-hairy, remotely 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, glabrous. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes ca. as long as tube. Corolla pink or blue, ca. 6 mm; standard ovate-orbicular; wings obovate-oblong, wings and keel distinctly curved. Pod oblong, 1–2 cm × ca. 2.5 mm, subglabrous or hooked-pubescent, lower suture undulate, upper suture straight, 3–7-jointed. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Thickets, grassy slopes; 200–1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
This is a species similar to Desmodium heterocarpon, but it differs from the latter by the terminal leaflets usually narrowly elliptic, narrower, thicker, lucid adaxially; inflorescences longer and laxly flowered. Ohashi considers it as a subspecies of D. heterocarpon due to fundamental similarity in having erect or ascending loments comprising quadrate articles of 2.5–3 mm long.
赤山蚂蝗 chi shan ma huang
Orinithopus ruber Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 452. 1790; Desmodium carlesii Schindler.
Subshrubs, prostrate or erect, 30–50 cm tall, much branched. Leaves often 1-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 4–10 mm, densely adpressed pubescent; blade elliptic, sometimes narrowly elliptic to nearly orbicular, 1–2.2 cm × 7–12 mm, abaxially sparsely adpressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base narrowly cordate, both ends obtuse or apex slightly emarginate. Racemes terminal, 5–25 cm; rachis yellow hooked-hairy. Flowers extremely lax. Pedicel 2–3 mm, elongated to 7 mm at fruiting. Calyx often red; lobes nearly equal. Corolla blue or pink, 5–6 mm; standard obcordate, ca. as long as keel; wings obliquely ovate, shorter, auriculate, wholly clawed. Pod narrowly oblong, ca. 2 cm, slightly curved, glabrous, lower suture constricted, upper suture straight, 2–7-jointed; articles nearly quadrate, distinctly reticulately veined. Fl. and fr. Apr–Jun.
Waste places, sandy sites at seasides; sea level. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Cambodia, Vietnam].
Because of its long taproot system, this plant is used for protecting river banks.
广东金钱草 guang dong jin qian cao
Hedysarum styracifolium Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa 247. 1757; Desmodium capitatum (N. L. Burman) A. de Candolle; D. retroflexum (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle; D. rotundifolium Wallich (1831–1832), nom. nud., non de Candolle (1825); H. capitatum N. L. Burman; H. retroflexum Linnaeus; Nicolsonia styracifolia Desvaux; Pseudarthria capitata Hasskarl; Uraria retroflexa Drake.
Herbs, subshrublike, erect, 30–100 cm tall, much branched. Young branches with dense, white or yellowish hairs. Leaves often 1(or 3)-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm, densely sericeous; blade orbicular or nearly so to broadly obovate, 2–4.5 × 2–4.5 cm, abaxially densely adpressed white sericeous, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 8–10, base rounded or cordate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes short, 1–3 cm; rachis densely sericeous, densely flowered, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–3 mm, drooping at fruiting. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes nearly equal. Corolla purple-red, ca. 4 mm; standard obovate or nearly orbicular, clawed; wings obovate, shortly clawed; keel longer than wings, extremely curved, long clawed. Ovary linear, hairy. Pod 1–2 cm × ca. 2.5 mm, pubescent and minutely hooked-hairy, lower suture undulate, upper suture straight, 3–6-jointed, reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Mountain slopes, grasslands, thickets; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
The whole plant is used medicinally for curing nephritis-dropsy, urethra-inflammation, jaundice-hematosis, and irritation from nettles.
肾叶山蚂蝗 shen ye shan ma huang
Hedysarum renifolium Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 2: 1169. 1759; Desmodium reniforme (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle; H. reniforme Linnaeus, nom. illegit.
Subshrubs, 30–50 cm tall, much branched, often glabrous. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm; blade reniform or compressed-rhombic, often broader than long, 1.5–3.5 × 2.5–5 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4, both ends truncate or base broadly cuneate or apex emarginate. Panicles terminal or racemes axillary, 5–15 cm, laxly flowered, 2–5-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–8 mm, elongated to 1.3 cm at fruiting. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes triangular, ca. as long as tube. Corolla white to pale yellow or purple, ca. 5 mm; standard obovate, base broadly shortly clawed, apex slightly emarginate; wings narrowly oblong, long clawed; keel narrowly elliptic, long clawed. Stamens monadelphous, 3.2–4.2 mm. Ovary adpressed puberulent. Pod narrowly oblong, 2–3 × 0.25–0.4 cm, puberulent, becoming glabrescent, lower suture deeply or slightly constricted, upper suture straight or slightly constricted, 2–5-jointed. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov.
Sunny grasslands, thickets, forest margins, broad-leaved forests; 100–1000 m. Hainan, Taiwan, S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
小叶三点金 xiao ye san dian jin
Hedysarum microphyllum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 675. 1784; Codariocalyx microphyllus (Thunberg) H. Ohashi; Desmodium microphyllum var. longipilum Ohwi; D. parvifolium A. de Candolle; D. parvifolium f. yunnanense Pampanini.
Herbs, erect or prostrate, perennial, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3- or sometimes 1-foliolate; petiole 2–3 mm, when 1-foliolate 3–10 mm; leaflet blade narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic and 1–1.2 cm × 4–6 mm, or obovate to elliptic and 2–6 × 1.5–4 mm, both ends rounded. Racemes terminal or axillary, yellow-brown spreading pubescent, 6–10-flowered. Pedicel 5–8 mm. Calyx 5-parted; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3–4 × as long as tube. Corolla pink, nearly as long as calyx; standard obovate or obovate-orbicular, below middle attenuate, shortly clawed; wings obovate, auriculate and clawed; keel narrowly elliptic, longer than wings. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary pubescent. Pod ca. 12 × 3 mm, both surfaces shallowly dentiform, (2- or)3- or 4(or 5)-jointed; articles nearly orbicular, flat, minutely uncinate-hairy and ciliate or glabrescent, reticulate veined. Fl. May–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 22.
Waste places, grasslands, thickets; 100–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
The roots are used medicinally for reducing fever, relieving coughs, and dispelling phlegm.
Ohashi (J. Jap. Bot. 79: 126. 2004) considers this species as a member of Codariocalyx, C. microphyllus (Thunberg) H. Ohashi. This transfer is supported by molecular analysis, but here, we follow the treatment in the treatment in the FRPS for convenience.
异叶山蚂蝗 yi ye shan ma huang
Hedysarum heterophyllum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3(2): 1201. 1802.
Herbs, prostrate or ascending, 10–70 cm tall. Young parts spreading pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate, often intermixed with 1-foliolate leaves on lower part; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; terminal leaflet blade broadly elliptic or broadly elliptic-obovate, 1–3 × 0.8–1.5 cm, base obtuse, apex rounded or nearly truncate, often emarginate. Flowers solitary or binate in leaf axils or 2- or 3-flowered on rachis. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm. Calyx 5-parted; upper 2 lobes deeply incised near base, villous and minutely hooked-hairy. Corolla purple-red to white, ca. 5 mm; standard broadly obovate; wings obovate or narrowly elliptic, shortly auriculate; keel slightly curved, shortly clawed. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary adpressed pubescent. Pod narrowly oblong, straight or curved, 1.2–1.8 cm × ca. 3 mm, lower suture deeply undulate, upper suture straight, 3–5-jointed, flat; articles broadly oblong or quadrate, 3.5–4 mm, glabrescent, reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 22.
Riversides, roadsides, field margins, grasslands; 200–500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].
三点金 san dian jin
Hedysarum triflorum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 749. 1753; Desmodium triflorum var. adpressum Ohwi.
Herbs, perennial, prostrate, 10–50 cm tall, spreading pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole ca. 5 mm; terminal leaflet blade obcordate, obtriangular, or obovate, 2.5–10 × 2.5–10 mm, base cuneate, apex truncate, slightly emarginate. Flower solitary or 2- or 3-flowered in leaf axils. Pedicel 3–8 mm, elongated to 1.3 cm at fruiting. Calyx densely villous, 5-parted; lobes narrowly lanceolate, longer than tube. Corolla purple-red, nearly as long as calyx; standard obcordate, base attenuate, long clawed; wings elliptic, shortly clawed; keel slightly falcate, longer than wings, curved, long clawed. Stamens diadelphous. Pod narrowly oblong, slightly falcate, flat, 5–12 × ca. 2.5 mm, lower suture undulate, upper suture straight, 3–5-jointed; articles nearly quadrate, with short, hooked hairs, reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. 2n = 22.
Waste places, grasslands, roadsides, riversides, sandy soils; 200–600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropics of Africa, Americas, SW Asia, Australia, Pacific islands].
The whole plant used medicinally for inducing sweat and promoting digestion.
饿蚂蝗 e ma huang
Desmodium dubium Lindley; D. floribundum (D. Don) Sweet ex G. Don; D. mairei Pampanini; D. sambuense (D. Don) A. de Candolle; Hedysarum floribundum D. Don; H. sambuense D. Don.
Shrubs, erect, 1–2 m tall, yellow to white pubescent, becoming glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, densely tomentose; terminal leaflet blade elliptic or obovate, 5–10 × 3–6 cm, base cuneate or nearly rounded, apex obtuse or acute, mucronate. Inflorescences to 18 cm, terminal ones mostly panicled, axillary ones mostly racemiferous; peduncle with dense upward sericeous and minute hooked hairs, often 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel ca. 5 mm. Calyx ca. 4.5 mm, densely hooked-hairy; lobes ca. as long as tube. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 0.8–1.4 cm, clawed; claw obovate, 8–11 mm; wings narrowly elliptic, 0.8–1.4 cm, clawed; keel 7–10 mm, long clawed, not auriculate at base. Stamens monadelphous. Pod 1.5–2.4 cm, lower suture crenate, upper suture nearly straight or slightly undulate, 4–7-jointed; articles obovate, 3–4 × ca. 3 mm, densely adpressed brown sericeous. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes, grasslands, forest margins; 500–2800 m. Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The flowers and branches are used medicinally for reducing fever by inducing sweat.
紫水晶山蚂蝗 zi shui jing shan ma huang
Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Young branches angular, densely white or brown velutinous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–5 cm; leaflet blade ovate or elliptic, abaxially white or brown velutinous, adaxially velutinous then becoming sparsely so, base usually cuneately obtuse, margin entire, apex acute or mucronate, terminal leaflet 5–12 × 3.5–6.5 cm, lateral veins 8–10 per side of midvein, reaching margin. Inflorescences 15–25 cm; terminal ones paniculate, axillary ones racemose, 2(or 3)-flowered at each node. Calyx 2.5–3 mm, 4-lobed. Corolla amethyst; standard obovate, 8.5–10 mm, base cuneate, apex slightly emarginate; wings longer than keel petal, 10.5–11.5 mm, auriculate at lamina base; keel 8–10.5 mm, apex acute. Stamens 8.5–9 mm. Pod flat, linear, 18–28 × 4–7 mm, glabrous, upper suture nearly straight, lower suture indented, 6- or 7-jointed.
Mountain thickets; ca. 1800 m. Yunnan [Thailand].
圆锥山蚂蝗 yuan zhui shan ma huang
Shrubs, much branched, 1–2 m tall. Branches glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm; leaflet blade variable in shape and size, nearly ovate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate-elliptic, broadly ovate, rhombic, or orbicular-rhombic, 2–7 × 1.2–5 cm, base obliquely obtuse or cuneate, margin entire or shallowly undulate, apex usually acute to acuminate. Inflorescences 5–20 cm or longer; terminal ones mostly paniculate, axillary ones mostly racemiferous, often 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Calyx 3–4 mm, 4-lobed. Corolla purple or purple-red, 0.9–1.7 cm; standard broadly elliptic or obovate, base cuneate, apex slightly emarginate; wings and keel clawed, wings auriculate at base. Stamens 0.7–1.3 cm. Pod flat, linear, 3–5 × 0.4–0.5 cm, hairy, lower suture crenate, upper suture nearly straight, 4–6-jointed. 2n = 22.
Forest margins, forests, thickets, mountain slopes, rocky places, roadsides, ditches; 1000–4000 m. Gansu, NW Guizhou, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, NE and SW India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].
1a.. Leaflets densely spreading white tomentose and sericeous abaxially; pod densely hairy as leaflet abaxially .................................................................................................................... 27c. var. handelii
1b.. Leaflets densely or sparsely pubescent to glabrous abaxially; pod sparsely adpressed pubescent or puberulent.
2a.. Terminal leaflet blade ovate-elliptic, broadly ovate, rhombic, or orbicular-rhombic; pedicel 4–10 mm; lower calyx lobes shorter than tube .......................................................... 27a. var. elegans
2b.. Terminal leaflet blade narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate; pedicel 13–22 mm; lower calyx lobes longer than tube .......................................................................................... 27b. var. wolohoense
圆锥山蚂蝗(原变种) yuan hui shan ma huang (yuan bian zhong)
Desmodium cinerascens Franchet; D. cinerascens var. longipes Pampanini; D. cinerascens var. microphylla Franchet; D. elegans f. albiflorum (P. C. Li) H. Ohashi; D. elegans var. albiforum P. C. Li; D. esquirolii H. Léveillé; D. forrestii Schindler; D. franchetii Rehder; D. glaucophyllum Pampanini; D. rhabdocladum Franchet; D. spicatum Rehder; D. tiliifolium (D. Don) Wallich; D. tiliifolium var. potaninii Schindler; D. tiliifolium f. rhabdocladum (Franchet) Schindler; D. tiliifolium var. subtomentosum Peter-Stibal; Hedysarum tiliifolium D. Don.
Terminal leaflet blade ovate-elliptic, broadly ovate, rhombic, or orbicular, 2–7 × 1.5–5 cm, abaxially densely or sparsely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Lower calyx lobes shorter than tube. Pod sparsely adpressed pubescent. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct. 2n = 22.
Margins of pine-oak forests, mountain slopes, roadsides, ditches; 1000–3700 m. Gansu, NW Guizhou, SW Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, NE and SW India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan].
A white-flowered form has been recorded as f. albiflorum (P. C. Li) H. Ohashi (=D. elegans var. albiflorum P. C. Li, Fl. Xizang. 2: 892. 1985).
川南山蚂蝗 chuan nan shan ma huang
Desmodium wolohoense Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 1. 1925; D. elegans subsp. wolohoense (Schindler) H. Ohashi.
Terminal leaflet blade narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1.2–2 cm, abaxially densely or sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Pedicel 1.3–2.2 cm at anthesis, nearly glabrous. Lower calyx lobes longer than tube. Pod sparsely puberulent, glabrous at maturity.
* Forest margins, thickets; 2900-4000 m. Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
One of us (Ohashi) recognizes this form as a geographical subspecies.
盐源山蚂蝗 yan yuan shan ma huang
Desmodium handelii Schindler, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.-Nat. 62: 234. 1925.
Terminal leaflet blade ovate-elliptic, broadly ovate, or rhombic, 2–7 × 1.5–5 cm, abaxially densely spreading white tomentose and sericeous. Pedicel 4–10 mm. Lower calyx lobes longer than tube. Pod densely hairy as leaflet abaxially, ciliate.
* Mountain slopes, rocky places, forests; 1700–3100 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
美花山蚂蝗 mei hua shan mz huang
Desmodium elegans A. de Candolle subsp. callianthum (Franchet) H. Ohashi; D. elegans var. callianthum (Franchet) P. C. Li.
Shrubs, to 2 m tall, much branched, glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–3 cm, sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaflet blade ovate-rhombic or ovate, 1.3–4 × 1–3 cm, base broadly cuneate, slightly oblique, apex obtuse-acute, mucronate. Racemes terminal or branched in panicles, 15–22 cm, 2–4-flowered at each node, internodes ca. 1 cm. Pedicel filiform, glabrous or nearly so. Calyx ca. 3 mm, 4-lobed; lobes triangular. Corolla purple or pink to white, 8–10 mm; standard elliptic, base clawed, apex rounded; wings auriculate, clawed; keel with base auriculate and clawed, apex mucronate. Stamens 7–8 mm. Pistil 8–9 mm. Pod 3–5 × ca. 0.5 cm, flat, slightly curved, nearly glabrous or puberulent, lower suture constricted and crenate, upper suture slightly constricted between articles, 5- or 6-jointed, reticulate veined. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
* Mountain slopes, roadsides, thickets, forests, ditches, rocky places in river valleys; 1700–3300 m. SW and W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.
Of of us (Ohashi, 1971, 1995) recognizes this species as a subspecies of Desmodium elegans due to continuous ranges of variation in morphology including the shape of the floral petals.
狭叶山蚂蝗 xia ye shan ma huang
Desmodium elegans A. de Candolle subsp. stenophyllum (Pampanini) H. Ohashi; D. tiliifolium var. stenophyllum (Pampanini) Schindler.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall, glabrous except for hairy petiolules. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm; leaflet blade lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, 6–13 × 1.2–3 cm, base broadly cuneate or nearly rounded, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or at lower parts 2- or 3-branched in terminal panicles, ca. 20 cm, 1–3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 1–1.2 cm, filiform. Calyx ca. 4 mm, 4-lobed; upper lobes connate, longer than lower ones. Corolla purple or purple-red, 1.2–1.3 cm; standard elliptic or broadly elliptic, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate; wings oblong-falcate, equal to keel, auriculate and clawed. Stamens ca. 1.2 cm. Pistil ca. 1.2 cm. Pod flat, slightly curved, slightly falcate, 4.5–6.5 × ca. 0.5 cm, glabrous, lower suture constricted and crenate between articles, upper suture slightly straight, 6- or 7-jointed; articles ca. 1 cm, slightly reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, riversides; 2300–2700 m. Yunnan.
One of us (Ohashi, 1995) recognizes this as a rheophyte found along streams and supposedly evolved from Desmodium elegans.
滇南山蚂蝗 dian nan shan ma huang
Shrubs, 1–4 m tall. Young branches white pubescent, glabrescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–7 cm; terminal leaflet blade ovate or broadly ovate, occasionally rhombic or nearly orbicular, 8–15 × 6–9 cm, abaxially densely sericeous or sparsely pubescent, adaxially puberulent, base oblique, margin entire to shallowly crenate. Inflorescences 10–40 cm, terminal ones mostly paniculate, axillary ones racemiferous or paniculate; peduncle, pedicel, and calyx hairy or nearly glabrous, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla purple, 1–1.3 cm; standard elliptic or broadly elliptic, clawed; wings and keel long clawed; keel often hooked-hairy at apex. Stamens ca. 1 cm. Ovary adpressed pubescent. Pod flat, both sutures shallowly constricted, 6–8-jointed; articles 6–7 × 5–7 mm or larger, with minute hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with straight hairs or glabrous.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, forests; 700–1900 m. S and SE Yunnan [India (Assam), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
1a.. Leaflet densely sericeous abaxially; peduncle and pedicel with spreading pubescence and intermixed hooked hairs, calyx sericeous; articles 6–7 × 5–7 mm, with minute hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with straight hairs ........................................................................................ 30a. var. megaphyllum
1b.. Leaflet sparsely pubescent abaxially; peduncle, pedicel, and calyx sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous; articles 8–10 × 7–8 mm, glabrescent or glabrous .................................................. 30b. var. glabrescens
滇南山蚂蝗(原变种) dian nan shan ma huang (yuan bian zhong)
Desmodium karensium Kurz; D. prainii Schindler, nom. illegit. (includes type of D. megaphyllum).
Shrubs. Leaflets densely sericeous abaxially. Peduncle with spreading pubescence and intermixed hooked hairs. Pedicel 4–10 mm, hairy. Calyx adpressed sericeous. Articles 6–7 × 5–7 mm, with minute hooked hairs, sometimes intermixed with straight hairs, nearly glabrous at maturity. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, forests; 700–1900 m. S and SE Yunnan [India (Assam), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
无毛滇南山蚂蝗 wu mao dian nan shan ma huang
Desmodium prainii var. glabrescens (Prain) Schindler.
Shrubs. Leaflets sparsely pubescent abaxially. Peduncle, pedicel, and calyx sparsely hairy or nearly glabrous. Pedicel 0.9–1.1 cm. Articles 8–10 × 7–8 mm, glabrescent or glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
Dense forests; ca. 1900 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar].
云南山蚂蝗 yun nan shan ma huang
Desmodium praestans Forrest; D. rockii Schindler; D. yunnanense subsp. praestans (Forrest) H. Ohashi; D. yunnanense var. rockii (Schindler) Yang & Huang.
Shrubs, 1.2–3 m tall, much branched. Young branches densely white or gray-white tomentose, becoming glabrous. Leaves 3- or 1-foliolate; petiole 1–4 cm, hairy as young branches; terminal leaflet blade nearly orbicular, ovate, or obovate, 5–22 × 5–17 cm, abaxially densely gray or white tomentose, adaxially sparsely pubescent, margin entire or undulate. Panicles terminal, large, 16–27 cm; rachis shortly tomentose, 2–6-flowered at each node. Pedicel 0.6–1 cm, tomentose. Calyx 3–4.5 mm, 4-lobed; lobes ca. as long as tube or shorter. Corolla pink or purple, 1–1.3 cm; standard nearly orbicular or broadly elliptic, base shortly clawed, apex concave or emarginate; wings auriculate and clawed; keel shorter, clawed. Ovary pubescent. Pod compressed, 4–6 × ca. 0.5 cm, hairy when young, becoming glabrous, lower suture undulate, upper suture nearly straight, 4–7-jointed, articles 7–9 mm, reticulate veined. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22@.
* Gravelly places, wastelands, grassy slopes, thickets, margins of pine-oak forests; 1000–2200 m. SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan.
长波叶山蚂蝗 chang bo ye shan ma huang
Desmodium dasylobum Miquel; D. hamulatum Franchet; D. sequax var. sinuatum (Miquel) Hosokawa; D. sinuatum (Miquel) Blume ex Baker; D. strangulatum var. sinuatum Miquel; Meibomia sinuatum (Miquel) Kuntze.
Shrubs, erect, 1–2 m tall, much branched. Young branches rust-colored pubescent, sometimes intermixed with minute, hooked hairs. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–3.5 cm, hairy as young branches; terminal leaflet blade ovate-elliptic or orbicular-rhombic, 4–10 × 4–6 cm, abaxially adpressed pubescent and intermixed with minute hooked hairs, adaxially densely puberulent or glabrescent, base cuneate to obtuse, margin undulate above middle, apex acute. Racemes terminal and axillary or usually terminal panicles, to 12 cm; rachis densely spreading or upward hirsute or minutely tomentose, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 3–5 mm, slightly elongated at fruiting. Calyx ca. 3 mm; lobes ca. as long as tube. Corolla purple, ca. 8 mm; standard elliptic to broadly elliptic; wings narrowly elliptic, auriculate, clawed; keel long clawed. Stamens monadelphous. Pod moniliform, 3–4.5 × ca. 0.3 cm, with dense, rust-colored or brown, minute, hooked hairs, both sutures constricted, 6–10-jointed, articles nearly quadrate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 22.
Grassy slopes, forest margins; 1000–2800 m. NW Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
长柄山蚂蝗属 chang bing shan ma huang shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Desmodium sect. Heteroloma subsect. Podocarpia Bentham; D. sect. Podocarpium Bentham; D. subgen. Podocarpium (Bentham) H. Ohashi; Podocarpium (Bentham) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg., non A. Braun ex E. Stizenberger 1851, nec Unger 1864.
Perennial herbs or herbaceous subshrubs. Leaves pinnately compound, 3- or 7-foliolate; leaflets entire or slightly undulate; stipules and stipels present. Racemes terminal, or axillary and terminal, rarely lax panicles, usually 2- or 3-flowered at each node; bracts present; bracteoles often absent. Calyx broadly campanulate, 5- or 4-lobed (upper lobes fully connate in 4-lobed or minutely 2-toothed at apex in 5-lobed). Standard shortly clawed at base; wings and keel clawed. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary long funiculate or slightly shortly funiculate. Pod 2–5-jointed, lower suture very deeply incised nearly to upper one between articles, upper suture straight or shallowly undulate; articles obliquely triangular or slightly broadly subobovate; seed without rim-aril. Cotyledons hypogeous.
Fourteen species: mostly in East Asia, three in North Americas; nine species in China.
1a. Calyx lobes ca. as long as tube or longer; bracts ovate to broadly ovate.
2a. Terminal leaflet entire along margin, base rounded .................................... 10. H. williamsii
2b. Terminal leaflet slightly undulate or irregularly undulate along margin, base cuneate.
3a. Leaflets caudate or caudate-acuminate at apex, irregularly undulate along margin; distinctly tuberous ............................................................................................................. 8. H. longipes
3b. Leaflets shortly acuminate at apex, slightly undulate along margin; not tuberous 9. H. repandum
1b. Calyx lobes shorter than tube; bracts narrowly ovate or narrowly triangular.
4a. Leaves 5–7-foliolate................................................................................... 1. H. oldhamii
4b. Leaves entirely 3-foliolate
5a. Stems and leaves densely white strigose ................................................... 6. H. densum
5b. Stems and leaves pubescent or glabrous.
6a. Stems and leaves glabrous ............................................................ 3. H. menglaense
6b. Stems and leaves pubescent or subglabrous.
7a. Wings and keel petals not clawed at base; stipules linear-lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, broadest at base ............................................................................................. 7. H. podocarpum
7b. Wings and keel petals distinctly clawed at base; stipules triangular-lanceolate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2–4 mm, broadest at base.
8a. Articles of pod obliquely triangular, 12–14 × 4–6 mm; stipe 10–12 mm; fruiting pedicel 11–13 mm ......................................................................................... 2. H. leptopus
8b. Articles of pod slightly broadly subobovate, (6–)9–10 × ca. 4 mm; stipe 4–10 mm; fruiting pedicel 4–10 mm.
9a. Leaves often clustered at top of stem, terminal leaflet broadly ovate or ovate, 5–5.5 cm wide; pod articles 9–10 mm, stipe ca. 10 mm ..................................... 4. H. laxum
9b. Leaves often scattered on stem, terminal leaflet lanceolate, 1.1–3 cm wide; pod articles 6–7 mm, stipe 4–6 mm ................................................................ 5. H. laterale
羽叶长柄山蚂蝗 yu ye chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium oldhami Oliver, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 165. 1867 [1864]; Podocarpium oldhami (Oliver) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, perennial, 50–150 cm tall. Stems glabrescent. Leaves 5–7-foliolate; petiole ca. 6 cm, pubescent; leaflet blade lanceolate, oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 6–15 × 3–5 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent, base cuneate or obtuse, apex acuminate. Racemes simple or shortly branched at lowermost part, to 40 cm, uncinate pubescent and yellow pubescent, laxly flowered. Pedicel 4–6 mm, elongated to 6–11 mm at fruiting. Calyx 2.5–3 mm; upper lobes distinctly 2-toothed at apex. Corolla purplish red, ca. 7 mm; standard broadly elliptic; wings and keel narrowly elliptic, base shortly clawed. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary linear, funiculate. Pod flat, uncinate pubescent, mostly 2-, rarely 1- or 3-jointed; articles obliquely triangular, 1–1.5 cm × 5–7 mm. Seeds ca. 9 × 5 mm. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22.
Forests on mountain slopes, streamsides, thickets, rocky places; 100–1700 m. Anhui, Fujian, ?Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
The whole plant is used medicinally for diuresis, and also is used as a pesticide.
细长柄山蚂蝗 xi chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium leptopus A. Gray ex Bentham in Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 2: 226. 1852; D. gardneri Bentham; D. laxum subsp. leptopus (A. Gray ex Bentham) H. Ohashi; D. tashiroi Matsumura; Podocarpium leptopus (A. Gray ex Bentham) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Subshrubs, 30–70 cm tall. Young stems pubescent. Leaves caespitose or scattered, 3-foliolate; petiole 5–10 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaflet blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10–15 × 3.5–6 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous except with minute hooked hairs on midvein, base cuneate, orbicular, or oblique, apex long acuminate. Racemes terminal or laxly branched panicles, laxly flowered. Pedicel 3–4 mm, elongated to 1.1–1.3 cm at fruiting, densely hooked pubescent. Calyx 2–3 mm. Corolla pink, ca. 5 mm; standard broadly elliptic, shortly clawed; wings and keel clawed. Ovary long funiculate. Pod flat, slightly curved, minutely hooked pubescent, 2- or 3-jointed; articles obliquely triangular, 1.2–1.4 cm × 4–6 mm; stipe 1–1.2 cm; fruiting pedicel 1.1–1.3 cm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
Dense valley forests, shaded places along streams; 700–1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, ?Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
At first glance, this species is very similar to Hylodesmum laxum (A. de Candolle) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill but upon detailed examination, they differ in glaucous abaxial surface of leaflets, the shape and size of the articles and the length of the fruiting pedicel and stipe.
勐蜡长柄山蚂蝗 meng la chang bing shan ma huang
Podocarpium menglaense C. Chen & X. J. Cui, nom. illeg.; Desmodium menglaense (C. Chen & X. J. Cui) H. Ohashi.
Herbs, erect, 50–100 cm tall. Stems simple, glabrous, somewhat woody near base. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 6–11 cm, glabrous; terminal leaflet base broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, 13–19 × 7–10 cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially white spotted, base rounded or nearly cuneate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate; lateral leaflets slightly smaller, narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, base oblique. Racemes terminal and axillary. Pedicel 5–7 mm. Ovary long funiculate, funicle 0.9–1.5 cm, glabrous. Pod 4- or 5-jointed, densely hooked pubescent; articles narrowly ovoid or narrowly ellipsoid, 3.2–5.4 cm × 3.5–4 mm. Fr. Nov.
* Forest margins, streamsides; ca. 600 m. S Yunnan.
疏花长柄山蚂蝗 shu hua chang bing shan ma huang
Herbs, erect, 30–100 cm tall. Stem woody at base. Leaves 3-foliolate, clustered at apex or scattered along stem; petiole 3–9 cm, pubescent; terminal leaflet blade broadly ovate, ovate, or lanceolate, 5–12 × 1.1–5.5 cm, both surfaces subglabrous or abaxially slightly pubescent, base orbicular, margin entire, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or terminal and axillary, often branched, to 30 cm, laxly flowered, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 3–4 mm, elongated to 4–10 mm at fruiting. Calyx ca. 2 mm; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla pink, 4–6 mm; standard elliptic, clawed; wings narrowly elliptic, auriculate and shortly clawed at base; keel obtuse, clawed, not auriculate. Pod often 2–4-jointed; articles slightly broadly subobovate, (6–)9–10 × ca. 4 mm or smaller, hooked pubescent; stipe 4–10 mm; fruiting pedicel 4–10 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Broad-leaved forests on mountain slopes, grassy riversides, streamsides in forests; 700–1400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Yang and Huang (1979, 1995) recognized two varieties within this species, i.e., var. laxum and var. leptopus, but Ohashi and Mill (2000) considered both to be distinct species as Hylodesmum laxum (A. de Candolle) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill and H. leptopus (A. Gray ex Bentham) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill.
1a.. Leaves evergreen, adaxially lustrous, usually sparse on stem or approximate on lower parts of stem ....................................................................................................................... 4a. subsp. laxum
1b.. Leaves probably deciduous, adaxially not lustrous, approximate at apex or upper part of stem.
2a.. Leaves approximate at apex of stem; terminal leaflets broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 4–5 × 2.7–3.2 cm ...................................................................................................... 4b. subsp. falfolium
2b.. Leaves approximate on upper part of stem; terminal leaflets narrowly elliptic, ca. 4.5 × 1.5 cm 4c. subsp. lateraxum
疏花长柄山蚂蝗(原变种) shu hua chang bing shan ma huang (yuan bian zhong)
Desmodium laxum A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 102. 1825; D. podocarpum var. laxum (A. de Candolle) Baker; Podocarpium laxum (A. de Candolle) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Leaves sparse on or clustered at lower part of stem; terminal leaflets elliptic or ovate, 5–12 × 5–5.5 cm. Pod stipe ca. 1 cm. 2n = 22.
Broad-leaved forests on mountain slopes; 700–1100 m. Fujian, ?Guangdong, ?Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangxi, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
湘西长柄山蚂蝗 xiang xi chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium laxum subsp. falfolium H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 70: 146. 1995.
Leaves approximate at apex of stem; terminal leaflet broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 4–5 × 2.7–3.2 cm. Pod stipe 1.2–1.4 cm.
* Mountain forests. W Hunan.
Only one individual was found.
黔长柄山蚂蝗 qian chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium laxum subsp. lateraxum H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 70: 147. 1995.
Leaves approximate on upper part of stem; terminal leaflet narrowly elliptic, ca. 4.5 × 1.5 cm. Pod stipe 1.2–1.8 cm.
* Guizhou.
Only one individual was found.
侧序长柄山蚂蝗 ce xu chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium laterale Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 258. 1926; D. hainanense Isely; D. laxum subsp. laterale (Schindler) H. Ohashi; Podocarpium laxum var. laterale (Schindler) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, erect, 30–70 cm tall. Stem woody at base. Leaves 3-foliolate, scattered along stem; stipules lanceolate, 5–7 mm; petiole 3–5 cm, pubescent; terminal leaflet blade ovate or lanceolate, 5–13 × 2–4 cm, both surfaces subglabrous or pubescent, base suborbicular, margin entire, apex acuminate or acute. Racemes terminal, or terminal and axillary, to 30 cm, sometimes branched, laxly flowered, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 3–5 mm, elongated to 4–10 mm at fruiting. Calyx ca. 1 mm, glabrous or slightly pubescent; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla pink, 4–6 mm; standard elliptic, clawed; wings narrowly elliptic, auriculate and shortly clawed at base; keel obtuse, clawed, not auriculate. Pod 2- or 3-jointed; articles slightly broadly subobovate, 6–7 × ca. 4 mm or smaller, with hooked hairs. Pod articles 6–7 mm; stipe 4–10 mm; fruiting pedicel 4–10 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Broad-leaved forests; below 1400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, ?Jiangxi, Taiwan [S Japan].
密毛长柄山蚂蝗 bi mao chang bing shan ma huang
Podocarpium fallax (Schindler) C. Chen & X. J. Cui var. densum C. Chen & X. J. Cui, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9: 306. 1987; Desmodium densum (C. Chen & X. J. Cui) H. Ohashi; P. densum (D. Chen & X. J. Cui) P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, erect, 50–70 cm tall. Stem simple or with a lateral branch at base, densely white strigose. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 12–14 cm; terminal leaflet blade broadly ovate, 5–7 × 3.2–5 cm, both surfaces densely white strigose, base broadly cuneate-rounded, apex acuminate; lateral blade narrowly ovate, slightly smaller, base oblique. Fruiting inflorescences racemose, terminal. Pod 2-jointed; articles obliquely narrowly triangular, 8–10 × 3–4 mm, minutely hooked pubescent, base obliquely cuneate, apex concave; stipe 5–6 mm; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm. Fl. unknown, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Forests; 600–800 m. SW Guangxi, SE Yunnan.
This species is characterized by the oblique narrowly triangular articles and branches at the base of the stem approaching Hylodesmum leptopus, but easily distinguished by the feature of indumentum, shape of terminal leaflet, shorter funicle of ovary, and shorter fruiting pedicel. The indumentum is quite distinct.
长柄山蚂蝗 chang bing shan ma huang
Herbs, erect, 50–100 cm tall. Stem and petiole sparsely spreading pubescent or glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–12 cm; terminal leaflet blade variable in shape and size, broadly ovate, ovate, or rhombic to narrowly lanceolate. Racemes or panicles, terminal or terminal and axillary, 20–30 cm, elongated to 40 cm at fruiting, often 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–4 mm, elongated to 5–6 mm at fruiting. Calyx ca. 2 mm; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla purplish red, ca. 4 mm; standard broadly obovate; wings narrowly elliptic; keel similar to wings, not clawed. Ovary funiculate. Pod ca. 1.6 cm, often 2-jointed; articles slightly broadly subobovate, 5–10 × 3–4 mm, with hooked and minute straight hairs; stipe 3–5 mm; fruiting pedicel ca. 6 mm. 2n = 22@.
Roadsides, grassy slopes, grasslands on high mountains, mountain slopes, forests, thickets, forest margins, ditches; 100–2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hebei, E Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Russia (Far East), Vietnam].
The whole plant including the root bark is used medicinally for reducing fever and curing malaria.
The Hylodesmum podocarpum complex is extremely variable in shape of the terminal leaflets, although they resemble each other in having lax-flowered inflorescences, small flowers, non-clawed wings and keel petals, broadly subobovate small articles and areas of distribution. The taxonomic ranks for these infraspecific taxa are somewhat confusing. Huang considers the complex to consist of one species Podocarpium podocarpum including four varieties, while Ohashi and Mill (2000) consider one species Hylodesmum podocarpum including three subspecies of which one contains a variety.
1a. Terminal leaflet broadly obovate, broadest above middle, apex abruptly acute 7a. subsp. podocarpum
1b. Terminal leaflet not as above, broadest below middle.
2a. Terminal leaflet broadly ovate or ovate, apex acuminate; leaves approximate below middle 7b. subsp. fallax
2b. Terminal leaflet ovate, rhombic-ovate, elliptic-rhombic, lanceolate-rhombic, or lanceolate, apex acute; leaves scattered or partly approximate at middle.
3a. Terminal leaflet lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 4–6 × as long as wide 7d. subsp. szechuenense
3b. Terminal leaflet neither lanceolate nor narrowly lanceolate, 1–3 × as long as wide 7c. subsp. oxyphyllum
长柄山蚂蝗(原变种) chang bing shan ma huang (yuan bian zhong)
Desmodium podocarpum A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 102. 1825; D. bodinieri H. Léveillé; Hedysarum podocarpum (A. de Candolle) Sprengel; Podocarpium podocarpum (A. de Candolle) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, 50–110 cm tall. Stem sparsely pubescent. Terminal leaflet broadly obovate, 4–7 × 3.5–6 cm, both surfaces sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, apex abruptly acute; lateral blade obliquely ovate, small, base oblique. Fl. Aug–Sep. 2n = 22.
Roadsides, grassy slopes, grasslands on high mountains, secondary forests; 100–2100 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, may occur in N Vietnam].
宽卵叶长柄山蚂蝗 kuan luan ye chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium fallax Schindler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 55. 1916; D. podocarpum subsp. fallax (Schindler) H. Ohashi; Podocarpium fallax (Schindler) C. Chen & X. J. Cui, nom. illeg.; Podocarpium podocarpum var. fallax (Schindler) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, 70–100 cm tall. Stem pubescent. Terminal leaflet broadly ovate or ovate, 3.5–12 × 2.5–8 cm, both surfaces adpressed pubescent, base broadly cuneate or suborbicular, apex acuminate or caudate-acute. Fl. Aug–Nov. 2n = 22.
Roadsides on mountain slopes, thickets, sparse forests, forest margins; 300–1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The whole plant is used medicinally for treating dysentery and rheumatism, and as forage for livestock.
尖叶长柄山蚂蝗 jian ye chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium oxyphyllum A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 102. 1825; D. fallax var. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) Nakai; D. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) Schindler; D. oxyphyllum var. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) H. Ohashi; D. podocarpum var. japonicum Matsumura; D. podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum (A. de Candolle) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang; D. podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum var. mandschuricum Maximowicz; D. racemosum (Thunberg) A. de Candolle, nom. illegit.; D. racemosum var. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) Ohwi; D. racemosum var. pubescens Metcalf; Hylodesmum podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum (De Candolle) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill; Podocarpium mandschuricum (Maximowicz) S. K. Czerepanov, nom. illeg.; P. podocarpum var. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.; P. podocarpum var. japonicum (Matsumura) P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.; P. podocarpum var. oxyphyllum (de Candolle) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illegit.
Herbs, to 100 cm tall. Stem glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves scattered or approximate at middle; terminal leaflet elliptic-rhombic to lanceolate-rhombic or ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4–10 × 2–5 cm, both surfaces glabrous or subglabrous, or abaxially pubescent on veins, base cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes, slope forests, thickets, roadsides, ditches, forest margins, broad-leaved forests; 400–2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, E Heilongjiang, Henan, ?Hubei, ?Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, ?Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia (Far East), Vietnam].
Plants with scattered leaves have been named Hylodesmum podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum var. japonicum (Matsumura) H. Ohashi. Plants with leaves at least partly approximate at middle have been named H. podocarpum subsp. oxyphyllum var. mandschuricum (Maximowicz) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill.
四川长柄山蚂蝗 si chuan chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium podocarpum var. szechuenense Craib in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 104. 1914; D. laxum subsp. lateraxum H. Ohashi; D. oxyphyllum var. szechuenense (Craib) H. Ohashi; D. podocarpum subsp. szechuenense (Craib) H. Ohashi; D. szechuenense (Craib) Schindler; Podocarpium podocarpum var. szechuenense (Craib) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, to 100 cm tall. Stem pubescent. Terminal leaflet lanceolate or narrowly narrowly lanceolate, 4.2–6.8 × 1–1.3 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrescent, base cuneate, apex acute. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Nov.
* Ditches, roadsides, thickets, sparse forests; 300–2000 m. Gansu, N Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
云南长柄山蚂蝗 yun nan chang bing shan ma huang
Shuteria longipes Franch., Pl. Delavay. 179. 1889; Desmodium duclouxii Pampanini; D. duclouxii var. henryi (Schindler) H. Ohashi; D. henryi Schindler; Podocarpium duclouxii (Pampanini) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, perennial, erect, 20–100 cm tall. Rootstocks woody; tubers often 2, fusiform, ca. 4 cm. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 5–8 cm, pilose; leaflet blade rhombic-orbicular or broadly ovate, 4–6 × 4–5 cm, both surfaces sparsely adpressed villous, base broadly cuneate or oblique, margin irregularly undulate, apex caudate-acute. Racemes terminal, 20–30 cm; peduncle pubescent, intermixed with hooked hairs, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm. Calyx ca. 7 mm; lobes longer than tube, lower lobes triangular, upper lobes fully connate. Corolla yellow or pink, ca. 1.5 cm; standard elliptic, shortly clawed; wings oblong; keel subequal to wings. Pod flat, 2- or 3-jointed; articles slightly broadly subobovate, 1.1–1.6 cm × 6–7 mm, with hooked hairy stipe 4–7 mm; fruiting pedicel 1.5–2 cm or more. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 22@.
* Waste slopes, mixed forests; 1900–2100 m. Yunnan.
The roots are used medicinally for moistening the lungs and relieving coughs. The fruits are used medicinally to stop bleeding and as an antiphlogistic.
浅波叶长柄山蚂蝗 qian bo ye chang bing shan ma huang
Hedysarum repandum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 82. 1791; Desmodium repandum (Vahl) A. de Candolle; D. scalpe A. de Candolle; Podocarpium repandum (Vahl) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illegit.
Subshrubs, erect, 50–150 cm tall. Stem and petiole spreading pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–9 cm; leaflet blade rhombic to ovate, 5–8 × 3.5–6 cm, both surfaces sparsely to densely adpressed hairy, more densely especially on veins abaxially, base cuneate, margin repand, apex acute to shortly acute. Racemes or sometimes panicles, terminal or often terminal and axillary, 15–30 cm. Pedicel 1.5–3 cm, with spreading straight or uncinate hairs. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm; lobes longer than or equal to tube. Corolla red or orangish red; standard broadly elliptic, 8–10 × 7–8 mm, shortly clawed; wings narrowly elliptic, ca. 7 × 2 mm, clawed; keel ca. 10 × 3 mm, clawed. Pod often 3- or 4-jointed; articles slightly broadly subobovate, 6–3 × ca. 3 mm, densely uncinate pubescent; stipe ca. 5 mm; fruiting pedicel 2–4 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov. 2n = 22.
Ditches, mixed forests; 1300–2000 m. ?Sichuan, S Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa].
大苞长柄山蚂蝗 da bao chang bing shan ma huang
Desmodium williamsii H. Ohashi, Ginkgoana 1: 163. 1973; D. williamsii subsp. magnibracteatum H. Ohashi; D. williamsii var. magnibracteatum (H. Ohashi) P. C. Li; Podocarpium williamsii (H. Ohashi) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, nom. illeg.
Herbs, perennial, 20–70 cm tall. Stem simple or branched, white pubescent, becoming glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole ca. 11 cm; leaflet blade broadly ovate or rhombic, 3–9 × 2.5–6 cm, both surfaces adpressed pubescent, base obtuse-rounded or often cordate, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Racemes terminal, 10–40 cm; peduncle densely uncinate pubescent, laxly flowered, 2–4-flowered at each node. Pedicel 1–2 cm. Calyx 3–3.5 mm; lobes longer than tube. Corolla roseate or roseate-purple; standard elliptic or obovate, 1.2–1.6 cm × 7–8 mm, slightly clawed; wings and keel narrowly elliptic, 1.2–1.5 cm × 3–4 mm, shortly clawed, auriculate. Ovary funiculate. Pod 1- or 2-jointed, uncinate pubescent; fruiting pedicel 1–2 cm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 22@.
Ditches, grasslands, evergreen forests, limestone soils, thickets; 1400–2700 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
舞草属 wu cao shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Desmodium sect. Pleurolobium A. de Candolle; Desmodium subgen. Pleurolobium (A. de Candolle) Baker.
Shrubs, erect. Leaves 3-foliolate, often 1-foliolate by reduction of lateral leaflets; terminal leaflet petiolulate, much larger than lateral ones; stipules early deciduous; stipels scarious. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, paniculate or racemose; bracts deciduous; bracteole absent. Calyx membranous, broadly campanulate, 5-lobed; upper lobe distinctly 2-toothed at apex. Corolla much longer than calyx; standard often oblique, nearly orbicular, base minutely clawed, not auriculate; wings nearly half-deltoid, base auriculate, clawed; keel falcate, not auriculate. Stamens diadelphous. Gynoecium linear, 6–13-ovuled. Pod 5–9-jointed, dehiscent along lower suture, lower suture undulate, upper suture not indented, lateral surfaces not reticulate veined, with dense minute uncinate and straight hairs. Seeds obliquely transversely elliptic, arillate. Cotyledons epigeous.
Two species: SE Asia; both in China.
1a. Terminal leaflet narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 5.5–10 × 1–2.5 cm; pod with sparse, short, hooked hairs 1. C. motorius
1b. Terminal leaflet obovate or elliptic, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 cm; pod long pilose intermixed with dense, short, hooked hairs 2. C. gyroides
舞草 wu cao
Hedysarum motorius Houttuyn, Nat. Hist. 2, 10: 246. 1779; Codariocalyx gyrans (Linnaeus f.) Hasskarl; Desmodium gyrans (Linnaeus f.) de Candolle; D. motorium (Houttuyn) Merrill; H. gyrans Linnaeus f.
Shrubs, to 1.5 m tall. Stem simple or branched, glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate, often 1-foliolate by reduction of lateral leaflets; petiole 1.1–2 cm; terminal leaflet blade narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 5.5–10 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous; lateral ones when present narrowly elliptic or linear, very small. Panicles or racemes; rachis with reflexed uncinate and straight rigid hairs. Pedicel 1–4 mm at anthesis, 3–7 mm in fruit. Calyx 2–2.5 mm; tube 1–1.5 mm; lower lobe dentate, upper lobe deeply 2-toothed at apex. Corolla purplish red; standard 7.5–10 × 7.5–10 mm; wings 6.5–9.5 × 4–5 mm; keel 9–10 × ca. 3 mm, long clawed. Stamens 8–11 mm. Gynoecium 1–1.2 cm; ovary puberulent. Pod falcate or straight, with sparse, short, hooked hairs, dehiscent along lower suture when mature. Seed 4–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes, thickets; 200–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
The whole plant is used medicinally for dispelling stasis.
圆叶舞草 yuan ye wu cao
Hedysarum gyroides Roxburgh ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 247. 1822; Desmodium gyroides (Roxburgh ex Link) A. de Candolle; D. oxalidifolium H. Léveillé.
Shrubs, 1–3 m tall. Stem pubescent when young. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–2.5 cm; terminal leaflet blade obovate or elliptic, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 cm, lateral leaflets 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 cm, both surfaces appressed white pubescent, base rounded or cordate, apex obtuse to rounded or emarginate. Inflorescences 6–15 cm. Pedicel 4–9 mm, densely yellow pubescent. Calyx broadly campanulate, 2–2.5 mm; tube 1.2–1.7 mm; lower lobe broadly triangular, ca. 0.8 mm; upper lobe 2-toothed at apex, ca. 1 mm. Corolla purple; standard broadly obovate, 0.9–1.1 cm × 8.5–10.5 mm; wings 7–9 × 4–6 mm, auriculate, shortly clawed; keel 0.9–1.2 cm, long clawed. Stamens 0.9–1.1 cm. Gynoecium 1.2–1.4 cm; ovary linear, sericeous. Pod falcate, 2.5–5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, long pilose intermixed with dense short hooked hairs, dehiscent along lower suture when mature. Seeds ca. 4 × 2.5 mm. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Oct–Nov.
Plains, grassy river banks, sparse forests on mountain slopes; 100–1500 m. ?Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, ?Taiwan, S Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
密子豆属 mi zi dou shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or sometimes only 1-foliolate, stipulate and stipellate. Inflorescences terminal, racemose; bracts scarious, deciduous. Flowers small. Calyx campanulate; lobes long, upper 2 nearly connate. Corolla pale violet, obviously exserted; petals nearly equal; standard nearly orbicular, base attenuate; wings connate; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1); anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many ovuled; style filiform, incurved; stigma capitate, small. Pod oblong, turgid, not jointed, transversely veined, dehiscent, not transversely septate, 8–10-seeded.
Only one species: tropical Africa, Asia to E Australia.
密子豆 mi zi dou
Hedysarum lutescens Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 417. 1804; Desmodium lutescens A. de Candolle; D. viride Vogel; Pycnospora nervosa Wight & Arnott; P. hedysaroides R. Brown ex Wight & Arnott.
Plants, 15–60 cm tall. Stem erect or procumbent, branched from base of stem. Branchlets gray pubescent. Petiole ca. 1 cm, gray pubescent; terminal leaflet blade obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.2–3.5 × 1–2.5 cm, lateral veins 4–7 on each side of midvein, distinctly reticulate veined, both surfaces densely appressed pubescent, base cuneate or slightly cordate, apex rounded or emarginate; lateral leaflets often smaller or sometimes absent. Racemes 3–6 cm, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–4 mm, gray pubescent. Calyx ca. 2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, pubescent. Corolla ca. 4 mm. Ovary pubescent. Pod black when mature, 6–10 mm, turgid, transversely veined, slightly hairy, lower suture distinctly prominent, along upper suture dehiscent. Seeds reniform-elliptic, ca. 2 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
Grassy slopes on mountains, plains; sea level to 1300 m. ?Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan, S Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; E Australia].
This species is planted for soil conservation and green manure.
葫芦茶属 hu lu cha shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Desmodium sect. Pteroloma Bentham; D. subgen. Pteroloma (Bentham) Baker; Pteroloma Desvaux ex Bentham (1852), non Hochstetter et Steudel (1841).
Shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves only 1-foliolate; petiole winged. Inflorescences racemose, terminal or axillary, usually 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; upper lobes 2, connate, entire or sometimes minutely 2-toothed at apex. Petals veined; standard orbicular, broadly elliptic or obovate; wings elliptic or oblong, longer than keel, apex rounded, conspicuously auriculate and clawed; keel acute or obtuse at apex. Stamens 10, axillary ones free or slightly connate at base to others. Gynoecia sessile, distinct discs present around base of ovary. Ovary pubescent, 5–8-ovuled; style glabrous; stigma capitate. Pod usually 5–8-jointed, lower suture shallowly to deeply constricted, upper suture nearly straight or slightly undulate. Seed transversely broad to transversely elliptic, rim-arillate, concave at hilum. Cotyledons epigeous.
About six species: tropical Asia, the Pacific islands, and N Australia; two species in China.
1a. Stem erect; pod densely yellowish or whitish strigose, not reticulate veined; mature leaflets 5.8–13 × 1.1–3.5 cm, usually more than 3 × as long as wide ..................................................... 1. T. triquetrum
1b. Stem ascending; pod densely white pubescent on both sutures, entirely glabrous and reticulate veined on lateral surfaces; mature leaflets 3–10 × 1.3–5.2 cm, usually less than 3 × as long as wide 2. T. pseudotriquetrum
葫芦茶 hu lu cha
Hedysarum triquetrum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 746. 1753; Desmodium acrocarpum Hance; D. triquetrum (Linnaeus) A. de Candolle; Pteroloma triquetrum (Linnaeus) Desvaux ex Bentham.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Stem erect, 1–2 m tall. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 1–3 cm, wing 4–8 mm wide; blade narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5.8–13 × 1.1–3.5 cm, usually more than 3 × as long as wide, abaxially pubescent on midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences 15–30 cm, 2- or 3-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–6 mm, with spreading, minute, hooked and silky hairs. Calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 3 mm. Corolla pink to bluish or reddish purple, 5–6 mm; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate at apex; wings obovate, auriculate, clawed; keel arcuate, auriculate, clawed. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary densely puberulent except at upper part of style. Pod 5–8-jointed; articles not reticulate veined, densely yellowish or whitish strigose. Seed transversely broadly elliptic or elliptic, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 22.
Waste places, forest margins, roadsides; below 1400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyus), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; ?N Australia, Pacific islands].
The whole plant is used medicinally as an antipyretic, diuretic, for invigorating the spleen, and promoting digestion.
蔓茎葫芦茶 mam jing hu lu cha
Desmodium pseudotriquetrum A. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 100 1825; D. triquetrum subsp. pseudotriquetrum (A. de Candolle) Prain; Pteroloma pseudotriquetrum (A. de Candolle) Schindler; P. triquetrum subsp. pseudotriquetrum (A. de Candolle) H. Ohashi; Tadehagi triquetrum subsp. pseudotriquetrum (A. de Candolle) H. Ohashi.
Subshrubs. Stem ascending, 30–60 cm tall. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 0.7–3.2 cm, conspicuously winged; wing 3–7 mm wide; blade ovate, sometimes ovate-orbicular, 3–10 × 1.3–5.2 cm, usually less than 3 × as long as wide, lateral veins ca. 8 pairs, not reaching margin but arching and joining together, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, base cordate, apex acute. Inflorescences to 25 cm, 2- or 3-flowered fascicles at each node. Pedicel ca. 5 mm, with minute hooked and silky hairs. Calyx ca. 5 mm; lobes lanceolate, slightly longer than tube. Corolla purplish red, ca. 7 mm; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate at apex; wings obovate, base auriculate; keel falcate, not auriculate, clawed. Ovary puberulent; style glabrous. Pod 5–8-jointed, densely white pubescent on both sutures, lateral surfaces reticulate veined, entirely glabrous. Fl. Aug, fr. Oct–Nov.
Sparse forests on mountains; 500–2000 m. ?Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [?Bhutan, India, Nepal, Philippines].
长柄荚属 chang bing jia shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Herbs, annual. Leaves 1-foliolate; stipulate and stipellate. Racemes dense, terminal; bracts subuliform, persistent. Flowers small. Pedicel unciform at apex. Calyx campanulate, membranous; lobes lanceolate, upper 2 lobes connate. Standard broad, obovate, base attenuate; wings falcate; keel incurved, apex obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1); anthers uniform. Ovary 2-ovuled; style incurved; stigma capitate, small. Pod elliptic, stipitate, compressed, 1-seeded, both surfaces slightly swollen, 1- or 2-jointed, reticulate veined; fruiting pedicel long, twisted at apex, becoming looped.
One species: tropical Asia.
长柄荚 chang bing jia
Herbs, erect, 30–40 cm tall or more. Stem and branches glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaflet blade broadly obovate-reniform, 0.9–2 × 1–2.5 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded or nearly cordate, apex truncate or emarginate. Racemes 2.5–3 cm, 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel 1–1.5 cm, longer than bracts, grayish yellow pubescent. Calyx ca. 1 mm, 5-lobed. Corolla white; standard obovate, base attenuate; wings falcate; keel incurved, apex obtuse. Filaments ca. 1.5 mm. Ovary funiculate. Pod 2–2.5 cm, pubescent, base stipitate, apex rostrate. Fruiting pedicel long, twisted at apex, becoming looped. Seed reniform, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
Grasslands, thickets on sunny slopes; 100–1000 m. Hainan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].
狸尾豆属 li wei dou shu, 算珠豆属 shuan zhu dou shu
Urariopsis Schindler.
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi, Y. Iokawa
Subshrubs, shrubs, or perennial herbs. Leaves 1-foliolate or imparipinnately 3- or 5–9-foliolate; stipulate and stipellate. Racemes or panicles, terminal or axillary. Flowers numerous, dense, small. Bracts deciduous or persistent, imbricate, 2-flowered at each bract; bracteole absent. Pedicel elongated after anthesis, apically hooked, rarely not curved. Calyx 5-lobed, lower 3 lobes usually longer, upper 2 lobes partly connate. Standard orbicular or broadly obovate, clawed, auriculate; wings adherent to keel, shortly clawed, auriculate; keel obtuse, slightly incurved, auriculate. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1), vexillary one free; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 2–10-ovuled; style incurved, linear; stigma capitate. Pod small, jointed; articles 2–8, plicate or peltate, folded laterally or longitudinally, not dehiscent, with 1 seed per article.
About 20 species: [mostly] in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia; nine species in China.
1a. Articles peltate, i.e., connected centrally on facing flat sides; leaves 1-foliolate.
2a. Apices of leaflets obtuse, not mucronate; inflorescences terminal, 13–20 cm, densely flowered; fruiting pedicel not curved apically ....................................................................... 1. U. cordifolia
2b. Apices of leaflets acute, mucronate; inflorescences terminal or axillary, shorter than 10 cm, laxly flowered; fruiting pedicel apically distinctly curved .......................................... 2. U. cochinchinensis
1b. Articles plicate, i.e., connected at both ends in a zig-zag arrangement; leaves imparipinnate, more than 3-foliolate but sometimes mixed with 1-foliolate leaves or rarely only 1-foliolate.
3a. Leaves 5–7(–9)-foliolate, sometimes mixed with (1–)3-foliolate leaves.
4a. Leaflets linear to narrowly oblong, adaxially usually variegated on midvein, lateral veins looped with margin; pedicel 4–9 mm; lateral and lowest calyx lobes not elongate after anthesis, 2–3 mm; leaves (1–)3-foliolate on lower part of stem ............................................................. 3. U. picta
4b. Leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or oblong, without variegated area, lateral veins extending to margin; pedicel 6–12 mm in flower, 12–15 mm in fruit; lateral and lowest calyx lobes elongating to 5–6 mm after anthesis; leaves sometimes (1–)3-foliolate on upper part of stem 4. U. crinita
3b. Leaves 3-foliolate, often 1-foliolate on upper part of stem.
5a. Inflorescences usually terminal panicles, with dense glandular hairs 1–2 mm on inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and calyx; pod shortly pubescent ........................................... 7. U. lacei
5b. Inflorescences usually simple, sometimes with elongate branches but not paniculate; glandular hairs present or absent on inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and calyx; pod glabrous or pubescent.
6a. Lateral and lowest calyx lobes more than 2 × as long as upper lobes; inflorescences usually 3–6 cm, densely flowered; bracts persistent, spreading at apex; leaflets usually orbicular to broadly ovate ............................................................................. 5. U. lagopodioides
6b. Lateral and lowest calyx lobes less than 2 × as long as upper lobes; inflorescences usually longer than 6 cm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts deciduous or persistent, erect along inflorescence when persistent; leaflets oblong to ovate, rarely (in U. sinensis) broadly obovate or obcordate, apices truncate or emarginate.
7a. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and calyx with dense, spreading glandular hairs 1–2 mm; pod glabrous; inflorescences densely flowered; bracts 9–18 mm ... 6. U. neglecta
7b. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, and calyx without or with sparse glandular hairs 1–2 mm; pod shortly hairy; inflorescences ± loosely flowered; bracts usually shorter than 13 mm.
8a. Apex of keel obtuse; pedicel 5–6 mm, recurved after anthesis; calyx lobes narrowly triangular, acuminate; pod minutely hairy; leaflets obtuse to acute or rarely rounded at apex ............................................................................. 8. U. rufescens
8b. Apex of keel apiculate; pedicel 7–8 mm, not recurved after anthesis; calyx lobes triangular to broadly ovate, acute; pod with long glandular hairs; leaflets obtuse to truncate or emarginate at apex .......................................................... 9. U. sinensis
算珠豆 shuan zhu dou
Urariopsis cordifolia (Wallich) Schindler.
Subshrubs, erect, 0.4–1 m tall. Branches stout, densely yellow tomentose. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 4–5 cm, yellow tomentose; blade ovate or broadly ovate, 4–12 × 6–10 cm, both surfaces shortly tomentose, base shallowly cordate, apex acute to obtuse, not mucronate. Racemes terminal, 13–30 cm, simple or once branched at base, densely yellow shortly tomentose. Pedicel 1–1.2 cm at fruiting, with gray-yellow spreading hairs. Calyx 4–5 mm; upper 2 lobes connate above middle. Corolla pale red or white, 5–6 mm; standard obovate; wings ca. 5 × 1–2 mm, base auriculate; keel obtuse, clawed. Ovary 2–4-ovuled; style enlarged from apex to middle, ca. 8 mm. Pod brown, shortly hairy, 2–4-jointed. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Sunny slopes, roadsides, weedy places; below 1000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
短序算珠豆 duan xu suan zhu dou
Urariopsis brevissima Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang.
Subshrubs, erect, 0.6–1 m tall. Stems and branches densely yellow tomentose and sparsely spreading white pubescent. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole hairy as stem; blade cordate, 5.5–10 × 5–8 cm, both surfaces spreading pubescent, base cordate, apex acute, mucronate. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple or a few branched at base, short, 4–15 cm, densely yellow tomentose and spreading straight pubescent. Pedicel 1.2–1.3 cm, spreading yellow villous. Calyx lobes lanceolate; upper 2 lobes connate, villous; tube short, ca. 1.5 mm. Standard obovate, 7.5–8 mm; wings falcate-oblong, ca. 6 mm; keel falcate-oblong. Ovary ca. 3 mm, 3- or 4-ovuled; style ca. 6 mm. Pod 3- or 4-jointed; articles ca. 3 mm in diam., rugate, adpressed pubescent. Fruiting pedicel distinctly curved apically. Fl. and fr. Oct–Dec.
* Dry grasslands, mountain slopes; 100–500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam].
美花狸尾豆 mei hua li wei dou
Hedysarum pictum Jacquin, Collectanea 2: 262. 1788; Doodia picta (Jacquin) Roxburgh; Uraria leucantha Zippelius ex Span; U. linearis Hasskarl.
Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect, 1–2 m tall, gray strigose. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5–7, rarely 9; petiole 4–7 cm; leaflet blade linear-oblong or narrowly lanceolate, terminal one 4.5–13 × 1–2 cm, abaxially densely hairy on veins, adaxially pubescent along midvein and base margin, base rounded, apex narrowly acute. Racemes terminal, 10–30 cm. Pedicel 5–6 mm, elongated to 8 mm after anthesis, apically hooked. Calyx 5-parted, long hairy and ciliate, lower lobes slightly longer than upper. Corolla pink or pale blue, 5–6 mm; standard obovate, long clawed; wings auriculate, 4–7 mm, base shortly auriculate; keel ca. as long as wings, upper parts curved. Ovary glabrous, 3–5-ovuled. Pod lead-colored, lucid, glabrous, 3–5-jointed; articles ca. 3 × 2 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Oct. 2n = 16, 22.
Grassy slopes; 400–1500 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Japan (S Ryukyus), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia].
The roots are used medicinally for invigorating the liver and spleen, and as a sedative.
猫尾草 mao wei cao
Hedysarum crinitum Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 102. 1767; Doodia crinita Roxburgh; Hedysarum comosum Vahl; Uraria comosa (Vahl) de Candolle; U. cornosa Spanoghe; U. crinita var. macrostachya Wallich; U. macrostachya (Wallich) Prain.
Subshrubs, 1–1.5 m tall. Stems erect, gray pubescent. Leaves imparipinnate; petiole 5.5–15 cm, gray-white pubescent; leaflets usually 3 on lower stem, 5, rarely 7 above; leaflet blade oblong, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, terminal one 6–15 × 3–8 cm, abaxially pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous or slightly gray pubescent on midvein, base orbicular to slightly cordate, apex slightly acute, obtuse, or orbicular. Racemes terminal, 15–30 cm or longer, stout, densely gray-white hirsute. Pedicel 6–11 mm in flower, elongated to 1–1.5 cm after anthesis, hooked, with short uncinate and long white hairs. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, long white hirsute; lower lobes ca. 3.5 mm, upper lobes ca. 3 mm. Corolla purple, 6–9 mm. Pod slightly pubescent; articles (2–)5 or 6, elliptic, reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep.
Dry waste slopes, roadsides, thickets; below 900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (S Ryukyus), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
The whole plant is used medicinally for stopping bleeding, reducing fever, and relieving coughs.
狸尾豆 li wei dou
Hedysarum lagopodioides Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1198. 1753; Doodia lagopodioides (Linnaeus) Roxburgh; H. lagopoides N. L. Burman, nom. superfl.; Lespedeza lagopodioides Persoon, [‘lagopoides’]; Uraria lagopoides A. P. de Candolle.
Herbs, prostrate or spreading, to 60 cm tall. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm; terminal leaflet blade nearly orbicular or elliptic to ovate, 2–6 × 1.5–3 cm, abaxially gray-yellow pubescent, base orbicular or cordate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes terminal, 3–6 cm, densely flowered. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, sparsely white villous. Calyx 5-parted; lower lobes ca. 2 × as long as upper ones, white villous. Corolla pale purple, ca. 6 mm; standard obovate, base attenuate. Ovary glabrous, 1- or 2-ovuled. Pod enclosed by calyx, black-brown at maturity, small; articles 1 or 2, elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, swollen, glabrous, slightly lucid. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 22.
Open waste slopes, thickets; below 1000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].
The whole plant is used medicinally for relieving swelling, and as a pesticide.
福建狸尾豆 fu jian li we dou, 长苞狸尾豆 chang bao li wei dou
Uraria aequilobata Hosokawa; U. fujianensis Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang; U. hamosa (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Wight & Arnott var. formosana Matsumura; U. lagopus de Candolle var. neglecta (Prain) H. Ohashi; U. longibracteata Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang.
Herbs, erect or subshrubs. Stems densely gray-yellow tomentose and spreading pubescent. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, sometimes 1-foliolate; petiole (1–)3–7 mm, densely hairy as stem; leaflet blade ovate, orbicular, or oblong, terminal one 1.8–6 × 1.9–4.5 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially pilose, lateral veins 11–14 per side of midvein, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or slightly cordate, apex orbicular or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes terminal, or sometimes terminal and axillary, sometimes with a few branches at base, 6–40 cm, densely hairy with gray-yellow spreading glandular hairs, internode 2–4 mm. Pedicel 7–12 mm, densely villous, apically hooked. Calyx ca. 5 mm; lobes 5, narrowly triangular, subequal. Corolla purple, ca. 5 mm; standard obovate, ca. 5 × 3 mm, base cuneate, apex orbicular; wings and keel auricular-oblong, ca. 4 × 1.5 mm. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; style ca. 4 mm, curved. Pod 5–7-jointed, slightly compressed, glabrous. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov.
* Mountain slopes, roadsides, field margins; below 500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Nepal].
滇南狸尾豆 dian nan li wei dou
Uraria clarkei Gagnepain; U. guangxiensis W. L. Sha.
Shrubs or herbs, erect, to 2 m tall. Stems stout, with brown spreading long hairs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; petiole 3.5–6 cm, densely yellow-brown spreading hirsute; leaflet blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, terminal one (4.5–)5.5–10(–15) × 2–5.5(–6.5) cm, abaxially densely pilose, adaxially pilose, lateral veins 11–13 per side of midvein, both ends rounded or obtuse, apex mucronate. Panicles terminal, 13–40 cm, densely brown spreading hairy. Pedicel 3–4 mm, elongated to 1 cm at fruiting, yellow-brown pubescent. Calyx 4–5 mm, densely hairy as pedicel; lower lobes ca. 2 × as long as upper ones or more. Corolla purple or purple-brown, 8–9 mm. Ovary hairy, 6–8-ovuled. Pod brown, shortly hairy, 6–8-jointed; articles ca. 2 × 1.8 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct.
Open grassy slopes, secondary seasonal rain forests; ca. 700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
钩柄狸尾豆 gou bing li wei dou
Desmodium rufescens A. P. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 4: 101. 1825; Doodia hamosa Roxburgh; Uraria hamosa Sweet ex Arnott.
Subshrubs. Stems erect, 40–100 cm tall, gray-white pilose and brown hooked-hairy. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2.5 cm, hairy; leaflet blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3–8 × 2–4 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, lateral veins 11–13 per side of midvein, base orbicular or slightly cordate, apex rounded or sometimes emarginate. Inflorescences terminal, 10–20 cm, densely hooked hairy and pubescent. Flowers sparse. Pedicel short, initially ca. 3 mm, hairy, elongated to 5–6 mm at fruiting, apically hooked. Calyx ca. 3 mm, pubescent, 5-parted; lower lobes longer than tube, upper lobes slightly shorter. Corolla purple, 2–3 × as long as calyx. Pod 4–7-jointed; articles gray-brown, compressed, slightly reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 22.
Roadsides, mountain slopes; below 900 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
中华狸尾豆 zhong hua li wei dou
Uraria hamosa Wallich var. sinensis Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 177. 1886; Desmodium bonatianum Pampanini.
Subshrubs, ca. 1 m tall. Stems erect, gray-yellow hispidulous. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; petiole 2–4 cm, gray-yellow pubescent; leaflet blade oblong, obovate-oblong, or broadly ovate, terminal one 3–7 × 2–4 cm, abaxially gray-yellow villous, adaxially pilose on veins, lateral veins 6–8 per side of midvein. Panicles terminal, 20–40 cm, gray-yellow hairy, sparsely flowered, 1- or 2-flowered at each node. Pedicel filiform, 8–10 mm, elongated to 1.3 cm at fruiting. Calyx ca. 3 mm; lower lobes ca. as long as tube or shorter. Corolla purple, ca. 4 × as long as calyx. Ovary pilose. Pod ca. as long as pedicel, 4- or 5-jointed, subglabrous, reticulate veined. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct.
* Dry river valleys, mountain slopes, sparse forests, thickets, alpine grasslands; 500–2300 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India].
算珠豆属 shuan zhu dou shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Shrubs or subshrubs, erect. Leaves 1-foliolate; stipulate and stipellate. Racemes terminal or axillary, rarely slightly branched panicles; bracts large, early deciduous, 2-flowered at each bract; bracteole absent. Calyx campanulate; lobes 5, upper 2 connate to apex or above middle. Standard obovate; wings auriculate at base of lamina, nearly not clawed; keel obtuse, clawed, not auriculate. Stamens diadelphous, (9 + 1). Ovary shortly funiculate, 2- or 3-ovuled; style curved; stigma capitate; disc cylindric. Pod usually 3- or 4-jointed, articles compressed from front to back, beadlike, easily deciduous at maturity.
Two species and one variety: Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; two species in China.
1a. Leaflet blade ovate or broadly ovate, apex obtuse not mucronate; inflorescences terminal, 13–20 cm; fruiting pedicel not curved apically ............................................................................ 1. U. cordifolia
1b. Leaflet blade cordate, apex acute, mucronate; inflorescences terminal or axillary, only 4–5 cm at fruiting; fruiting pedicel distinctly curved apically ....................................................... 2. U. brevissima
算珠豆 shuan zhu dou
Uraria cordifolia Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1. 33. 1830.
Shrubs, erect, 0.4–1 m tall. Branches stout, densely yellow tomentose. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 4–5 cm, yellow tomentose; blade ovate or broadly ovate, 4–12 × 6–10 cm, both surfaces shortly tomentose, base shallowly cordate, apex obtuse, not mucronate. Racemes terminal, 13–20 cm, simple or once branched at base, densely shortly yellow tomentose. Pedicel 1–1.2 cm at fruiting, with grayish yellow spreading hairs. Calyx 4–5 mm; upper 2 lobes connate above middle. Corolla pale red or white, 5–6 mm; standard obovate; wings ca. 5 × 1–2 mm, base auriculate, keel obtuse, clawed. Ovary 2- or 3-ovuled; style enlarged from apex to middle, 8–10 × as long as ovary. Pod brown, with short hairs, 2- or 3-jointed. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.
Sunny slopes, roadsides, weedy places; below 1000 m. Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Two of us (Ohashi and Iokawa) treats this taxon within the genus Uraria.
短序算珠豆 duan xu suan zhu dou
Subshrubs, erect, ca. 1 m tall. Stems and branches densely yellow tomentose and sparsely spreading white pubescent. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole hairy as stem; blade cordate, 5.5–10 × 5–8 cm, both surfaces spreading pubescent, base cordate, apex acute, mucronate. Racemes short, axillary or terminal, simple or 1-branched at base, 4–5 cm, densely yellow tomentose and spreading straight pubescent. Pedicel 1.2–1.3 cm, spreading yellow villous. Calyx lobes lanceolate; upper 2 lobes connate, villous; tube short, ca. 1.5 mm. Standard obovate, 7.5–8 mm; wings falcate-oblong, ca. 6 mm; keel falcate-oblong. Ovary ca. 3 mm, 3- or 4-ovuled; style ca. 6 mm. Pod 3- or 4-jointed; articles ca. 3 mm in diam., rugate, adpressed pubescent. Fruiting pedicel distinctly curved apically. Fl. and fr. Oct–Dec.
* Dry grasslands, mountain slopes; 100–500 m. Guangxi, S Yunnan.
Two of us (Ohashi and Iokawa) treats this as Uraria cochinchinensis.
蝙蝠草属 bian fu cao shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Herbs or subshrubs, erect or diffuse. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or only 1-foliolate, stipellate. Flower small, 3–6 mm. Panicles or racemes terminal, rarely axillary. Calyx membranous, campanulate, accrescent, 5-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. as long as tube and slightly broader. Corolla ca. as long as calyx or more; standard broad, base attenuate, clawed; wings adherent to keel; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1); anthers uniform. Ovary many ovuled; style linear, incurved; stigma capitate. Pod many jointed, articles folded, reticulate veined, enclosed by calyx.
About 13 species: tropical Asia and Australia; five species in China.
1a. Terminal leaflet much longer than broad, lateral veins 10–15 on each side of midvein; upper 2 lobes of calyx connate; articles 2–4, pubescent ............................................................... 1. C. campanulata
1b. Terminal leaflet much broader than long, lateral veins 2–5 on each side of midvein; upper 2 lobes of calyx free or slightly connate; articles 4 or 5, glabrous (only C. hainanensis with 2 or 3 articles, extremely shortly uncinate pubescent).
2a. Upper 2 lobes of calyx free, tube 3–4 × as long as lobes, calyx not half-hyaline, with dense uncinate hairs, small verruca, and obscure reticulate veins; terminal leaflets obovate-rhombic, sometimes nearly square; subshrub ................................................................................................. 2. C. constricta
2b. Upper 2 lobes of calyx slightly connate, lower lobes ca. as long as tube, calyx dry-membranous, half-hyaline, obviously reticulate veined; herb.
3a. Terminal leaflets mostly rhombic or narrowly rhombic, 4–6 × broader than long 3. C. vespertilionis
3b. Terminal leaflets mostly reniform, orbicular-triangular, obovate, or nearly obtriangular, less than 3 × broader than long.
4a. Terminal leaflets mostly reniform, orbicular-triangular, or obovate, 5–15 × 10–20 mm; articles 4 or 5, glabrous ........................................................................................ 4. C. obcordata
4b. Terminal leaflets nearly obtriangular, 20–30 × 15–25 mm; articles 2 or 3, shortly uncinate pubescent ................................................................................................... 5. C. hainanensis
台湾蝙蝠草 tai wan bian fu cao
Lourea campanulata Bentham, Pl. Jungh. 2: 215. 1852; Desmodium formosanum Hayata; Uraria formosana (Hayata) Hayata; U. hamosa var. formosana Matsumura; U. latisepala Hayata.
Shrubs or subshrubs. Stem erect, simple, densely hirtose or villous. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 1.5–3 cm, with dense brown uncinate hairs; terminal leaflet blade oblong or elliptic, 5–8 × 3–5 cm, lateral ones 4–6 × 2–2.5 cm, lateral veins 10–15 on each side of midvein, abaxially densely appressed gray pubescent, adaxially appressed gray pubescent, base cuneate or slightly oblique, apex obtuse, mucronate. Inflorescences 15–20 cm, with rust-colored uncinate hairs, 1- or 2-flowered at each node of rachis. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, densely hairy as inflorescences. Calyx grayish yellow pubescent and ciliate outside; upper lobes connate. Corolla 4–6 mm; standard broadly orbicular or obovate; wings oblong; keel cymbiform. Pod 2–4-jointed; articles ellipsoidal, ca. 3 × 2 mm, slightly reticulate veined, pilose, wholly enclosed by calyx. Fl. and fr. Sep–Dec.
Waste grassy slopes, roadsides; 400–1100 m. Fujian, ?Guangdong, SW Guangxi, SW Guizhou, S Taiwan, S Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
The species resembles plants in the genus Uraria, but the calyx is accrescent and envelops the folded pod characteristic of Christia. Ohashi et al. (1981) in Advances in Legume Systematics (part 1, p. 299) considered this as belonging to Uraria.
长管蝙蝠草 chang guan bian fu cao
Lourea constricta Schindler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 64. 1916.
Subshrubs, prostrate, ca. 1 m or longer, base branched. Young parts densely grayish yellow tomentose and pubescent. Leaves 1-foliolate or 3-foliolate; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, densely hairy as young branchlets; terminal leaflet obovate-rhombic, sometimes nearly square, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, lateral veins 4–6 on each side of midvein, both surfaces pilose, lateral ones narrowly elliptic or square and 1–1.2 × 0.9–1.1 cm, base slightly cordate, apex truncate. Inflorescences ca. 20 cm, spreading pubescent. Pedicel extremely short at anthesis, to 3–4 mm after anthesis. Calyx initially ca. 4 mm, to 8–10 mm at fruiting; lobes 5, upper 2 free, 1/4–1/3 as long as tube. Pod 4- or 5-jointed, reticulate veined, glabrous. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Nov.
Seasides, dry, sandy soils. Guangdong, Hainan [Vietnam].
蝙蝠草 bian fu cao
Hedysarum vespertilionis Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 331. 1781 [1782]; Lourea vespertilionis (Linnaeus f. ) Desvaux.
Herbs, perennial, erect, 60–120 cm tall. Leaves usually 10-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 2–2.5 cm, pilose; terminal leaflet blade rhombic or narrowly rhombic, 0.8–1.5 × 5–9 cm, base slightly cordate, apex broad and truncate or slightly emarginate; lateral ones obcordate or obtriangular, usually inaequilateral, 0.8–1.5 × 1.5–2 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or nearly orbicular, apex truncate. Inflorescences 5–15 cm, pubescent. Pedicel 2–4 mm, gray pubescent. Calyx half-hyaline, accrescent, 0.8–1.2 cm, reticulate veined, pubescent; lobes triangular, ca. as long as tube, upper 2 slightly connate. Corolla yellowish white, not exserted, ca. 6 mm. Pod 4- or 5-jointed; articles blackish brown at maturity, ca. 3 × 2 mm, reticulate veined, glabrous, wholly enclosed by calyx. Fl. Mar–May, fl. Oct–Dec.
Open grasslands, thickets, roadsides, seasides. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [widespread in all tropical regions].
The whole plant is used medicinally for treating tuberculosis and snake bites. The leaves are used as a topical treatment for healing bone fractures. [Illustrated in Curtis Bot Mag. 13: 19-21 as Plant Portraits 286 by J. Barham (1996)]
铺地蝙蝠草 pu di bian fu cao
Hedysarum obcordatum Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 425. 1804; Lourea obcordata (Poiret) Desvaux.
Herbs, perennial, prostrate, 15–60 cm. Leaves often 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; petiole 8–10 mm, filiform, gray pilose; terminal leaflet blade mostly reniform, orbicular-triangular, or obovate, 0.5–1.5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex truncate and slightly emarginate; lateral ones obovate, cordate, or nearly orbicular, 6–7 × ca. 5 mm, lateral veins 3–5 per side of midvein. Racemes mostly terminal, 3–18 cm, 1-flowered at each node. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Calyx half-hyaline, initially ca. 2 mm, to 6–8 mm at fruiting, distinctly reticulate veined; lobes ca. as long as tube. Corolla bluish purple or roseate, 3–5 mm, slightly longer than calyx. Pod 4- or 5-jointed, wholly enclosed by calyx; articles orbicular, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Open grasslands, waste slopes, thickets; below 500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
海南蝙蝠草 hai nan bian fu cao
Herbs, perennial. Stems erect, to 100 cm tall. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.5–2 cm, grayish yellow uncinate and sparsely white pubescent; terminal leaflet blade nearly obtriangular, 2–3 × 1.5–2.4 cm, base broadly cuneate or nearly orbicular, apex truncate or emarginate; lateral ones obovate, 1.5–2.4 × 0.9–1.4 cm, lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of midvein, abaxially gray appressed pubescent, adaxially gray pubescent, base cuneate, apex truncate. Panicles terminal or axillary, 6–12 cm, 1- or 2-flowered at each node of rachis; internodes 5–8 mm. Pedicel 5–6 mm, densely grayish yellow uncinate pubescent. Calyx ca. 6 mm, upper 2 lobes connate. Pod 2- or 3-jointed, wholly enclosed by calyx; articles ellipsoidal, 2.5–3 × ca. 2 mm, reticulate veined, extremely shortly uncinate pubescent. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov.
* Sparse forests; ca. 100 m. Hainan.
链荚豆属 lian jia dou shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi
Herbs, perennial. Stems erect or diffuse, branched. Leaves 1-foliolate, rarely pinnately 3-foliolate, stipulate and stipellate; stipules scarious or nearly leathery, free or connate. Racemes axillary or terminal; flowers small, mostly ca. 5 mm, usually binate at each node of rachis; bracts scarious, early deciduous. Calyx 4-lobed; lobes dry, rigid, nearly equal, upper lobe 2-toothed at apex. Corolla not or slightly longer than calyx; standard broad, obovate or nearly orbicular; keel obtuse, adherent to wings. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1); anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, many ovuled; style linear, incurved; stigma capitate. Pod cylindric, swollen, many jointed, 1-seed per article, indehiscent.
About 30 species: tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and tropical America; four species in China.
1a. Corolla pale yellow or yellow with green or white; calyx longer than first article of pod; pod glabrous.
2a. Lobes of calyx not ciliate; corolla pale yellow or yellow with green; leaflets linear to linear-lanceolate ......................................................................................................... 4. A. bupleurifolius
2b. Lobes of calyx densely yellow ciliate; corolla white; leaflets oblong, rarely orbicular or linear-lanceolate ................................................................................................................... 5. A. rugosus
1b. Corolla purplish blue or pinkish purple; calyx shorter than first article of pod or slightly longer; pod pubescent.
3a. Whole leaflets oblong or nearly orbicular; pod cylindric-moniliform, constricted between articles, without raised linear ridges ............................................................................... 3. A. yunnanensis
3b. Upper leaflets usually ovate-oblong or lanceolate, lower ones nearly orbicular to ovate; pod compressed-cylindric, not constricted between articles, with raised linear ridges
4a. Leaflets usually uniform but variable in size, ovate, oblong, or oblong-elliptic, reticulate veinlets prominent on both surfaces; inflorescences laxly flowered; loments with septa inside and with furrows at joint; prostrate or spreading perennial herb ....................................................... 1. A. vaginalis
4b. Leaflets distinctly dimorphic; lower ones orbicular to broadly oblong, upper ones lanceolate, reticulate veinlets obscure on both surfaces; inflorescences densely flowered; loments without septa inside and with ridges at joint; erect or spreading annual herb ........................................ 2. A. ovalifolius
链荚豆 lian jia dou
Herbs, perennial. Stem erect or procumbent, 30–90 cm tall, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 5–14 mm, glabrous; blade often ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, to 6.5 × 1–2 cm on upper stem, cordate, nearly orbicular, or ovate, 1–3 × ca. 1 cm on lower stem, abaxially slightly pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes axillary or terminal, 1.5–7 cm, 6–12-flowered, binate at each node, internodes 2–5 mm. Pedicel 3–4 mm. Calyx 5–6 mm, slightly longer than first article of pod. Corolla red, reddish purple, purplish blue, slightly longer than calyx, ca. 5 mm; standard obovate. Ovary pubescent, 4–7-ovuled. Pod compressed, cylindric, 1.5–2.5 cm × 2–2.5 mm, pubescent, 4–7-jointed, not constricted between articles, with raised linear ridges. Seed ellipsoidal, slightly compressed. Fl. Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 14, 16.
Open grassy slopes, roadsides, sandy seasides; 100–700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [throughout the Old World tropics, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E and W Africa, introduced in the Neotropics].
It is grown for green manure and used as a forage. The whole plant is used medicinally for treating sword wounds and bone fractures.
1a.. Flowers red, reddish purple, or purplish blue ................................................... 1a. var. vaginalis
1b.. Flowers yellow ......................................................................................... 1b. var. taiwanensis
链荚豆（原变种） lian jia dou (yuan bian zhong)
Hedysarum vaginale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 746. 1753; Alysicarpus nummularifolius A. de Candolle; A. vaginalis var. diversifolius Chun.
Flowers orange, keel oblong, 0.5–0.6 cm.
Open grassy slopes, roadsides, sandy seasides; 100–700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E and W Africa (tropics of the Old World), introduced to South America].
台湾链荚豆 tai wan lian jia dou
Flowers yellow, keel oblong, 1.5–2 cm.
* Grasslands in parks, possibly naturalized. NE Taiwan.
卵叶链荚豆 luan ye lian jia dou
Hedysarum ovalifolium Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 359. 1827.
Herbs, annual. Stem erect or spreading, sometimes woody at base, 10–60 cm tall, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves usually dimorphic, elliptic or oblong in lower part and lanceolate in upper part, 1–10 × 0.6–3 cm. Inflorescences terminal or leaf-opposed, laxly flowered; pedicel 1–2 mm, with spreading hooked hairs; bracteoles absent. Calyx glumaceous, scarious, persistent, 4-lobed, with minute spreading hooked hairs and sparsely ciliate straight hairs; lobes not imbricate, subequal, narrowly triangular-ovate, 3–4 mm, ciliate, apex acuminate. Petals pink or reddish purple, subequal with calyx at anthesis. Pod (1–)4–6(–8)-jointed, (0.5–)1.5–2.2 cm × 1.8–2.3 mm, indehiscent, with dense minute hooked hairs, mostly without septa inside and with ridges at joint. Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Sep–Dec.
Open places, sunny grasslands along roads, river banks, seasides; sea level to 500 m. Taiwan (introduced) [Afghanistan, India, Japan (Ryukyus - introduced); tropical Africa including Madagascar, SW Asia].
云南链荚豆 yun nan lian jia dou
Herbs, perennial, caespitose. Stem diffuse, ca. 22 cm tall, uncinate pubescent and spreading hirsute. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 3–5 mm, glabrous; blade oblong or nearly orbicular, 4–13 × 3–9 mm, both surfaces puberulent, abaxially sparsely setose on veins, both ends rounded or base slightly cordate. Racemes axillary or terminal, 1.5–3 cm, 4–10-flowered, binate at each node; internodes 3–7 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx ca. 4 mm, nearly as long as first article of pod. Corolla pinkish purple, ca. 5 mm; standard obovate. Ovary 2.5–3 mm (style 3–5.5 mm), uncinate pubescent, (3–)5–7-ovuled. Pod cylindrical-moniliform, 1–2 × ca. 0.2 cm, (3–)5–7-jointed, constricted between articles, without raised linear ridges, not reticulate veined, uncinate pubescent. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.
* Rocky river banks; ca. 1300 m. NW Yunnan.
柴胡链荚豆 chai hu jian jia dou
Hedysarum bupleurifolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 745. 1753.
Herbs, perennial. Stem erect or diffuse, much branched, 25–120 cm tall, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole ca. 2 mm or leaves subsessile; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 4–7 × 0.4–0.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on midvein, adaxially glabrous, base rounded or cuneate, apex acute. Racemes terminal, 3–18 cm , 20–40-flowered, binate at each node; internodes 8–10 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm or subsessile. Calyx 6–8 mm; lobes lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, calyx longer than first article of pod. Corolla pale yellow or yellowish green, ca. 5 mm. Pod brown at maturity, 0.6–1.5 cm × ca. 1.8 mm, higher than calyx, 3–6-jointed, constricted between articles, glabrous. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 16.
Waste places, grasslands, field margins, sunny places in valleys; 100–1000 m. Guangdong, SW Guangxi, S Taiwan, S Yunnan [India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Mauritius, Pacific islands, South America (Bolivia)].
皱缩链荚豆 zhou suo lian jia dou
Hedysarum rugosum Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3(2): 1172. 1802.
Herbs, perennial. Stem erect, to 1.5 m tall, glabrous or pilose. Leaves 1-foliolate; petiole 3–9 mm, glabrous or pilose; blade oblong, rarely orbicular or linear-lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.2–1 cm, abaxially pilose and villous on veins, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, margin entire, ciliate, apex acute. Racemes terminal and axillary, 2–5 cm, 10–24-flowered, binate at each node. Pedicel 2–3 mm, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, 4–10 mm, longer than first article of pod. Corolla white, ca. 4 mm; standard obovate. Ovary glabrous, 3–5-ovuled. Pod moniliform, swollen, glabrous, 3–5-jointed; article broader than long, prominently transversely ridged, articles enclosed in calyx or slightly exserted. Fl. Sep, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 16@.
Moist places in dense valley forests; ca. 600 m. ?Taiwan, S Yunnan [Throughout the Old World tropics, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia].
杭子梢属 hang zi shao shu
HUANG Puhua; H. Ohashi, Y. Iokawa
Lespedeza sect. Campylotropis (Bunge) Bentham; L. subgen. Campylotropis (Bunge) Maximowicz; L. subgen. Oxyramphis (Wallich ex Meisner) Baker; Oxyramphis Wallich ex Meisner; Phlebosprium Jungh.
Shrubs or shrublets. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules narrowly triangular or rarely triangular to deltoid-ovate, persistent; stipels nearly always absent, or rarely always present, linear; leaflets entire. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, rarely umbellate or spicate, sometimes terminal panicle composed of several upper racemes with reduced subtending leaves; bracts persistent or caducous, 1-flowered per bract; pedicels articulate; bracteoles 2, usually caducous before anthesis. Calyx campanulate, 4-lobed; lower lobe narrower and longer than upper and lateral ones, upper lobe minutely 2-toothed at apex. Corolla violet to pinkish white or rarely yellow; standard shortly clawed at base; wings auriculate and clawed at base; keel incurved at ca. a right angle, acute at apex, auriculate, clawed at base. Stamens monadelphous, vexillary stamen connate to staminal tube ca. 2/3–4/5 of their length, rarely almost diadelphous. Pistil minutely stipitate; ovary 1-ovuled, superior; style filiform, incurved; stigma terminal, small, ciliate with minute hairs. Pods compressed, lenticular, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds reniform, rim arillate with ring-like margin around hilum.
Thirty-seven species: mostly in temperate zone of Asia; 32 species in China, mostly in the southwest (??# endemic).
Because most species tolerate arid soils, they are important for soil conservation. The branchlets can be used for knitting needles. The young shoots and leaves are used as forage for livestock and for green manure. The roots and leaves of some species are used medicinally.
1a. Leaves dimorphic; lower leaves petiolate with obovate leaflets and distinct rachis; upper leaves sometimes subsessile.
2a. Upper leaflets deltoid ........................................................................... 10. C. diversifolia
2b. Upper leaflets elliptic, orbicular, or transversely elliptic ................................. 13. C. harmsii
1b. Leaves not dimorphic.
3a. Leaflets consistently stipellate [There is a problem in separating two widely grown species; 22. C. polyantha and 19. C. macrocarpa. The leads highlighted in red indicate part of this problem, particularly when it is noted here (and seen in the herbarium) that stipels do also occur in C. macrocarpa. In addition, there are no mutually exclusive characters in the descriptions of these two species to aid identification. Can the distinction between these two species be enhanced in the key and also clarified in a sentence in the descriptions of these two species?].
4a. Glandular hairs present on pedicel, calyx, and inflorescence rachis ........ 22. C. polyantha
4b. Glandular hairs absent .................................................................... 32. C. yunnanensis
3b. Leaflets estipellate, rarely including a few leaves with rudimentary stipels.
5a. Glandular hairs present on pedicel, calyx, and inflorescence rachis.
6a. Calyx lobes more than 2 × as long as tube, more than 3 mm.
7a. Bracts narrowly ovate, usually shorter than 3 mm; leaflet adaxially glabrous 9. C. delavayi
7b. Bracts linear, usually more than 3.5 mm; leaflet adaxially densely puberulous 21. C. pinetorum
6b. Calyx lobes usually as long as tube or, if longer, less than 2 × as long as tube.
8a. Leaflet adaxially ± densely puberulous with spreading, very short hairs, rarely glabrescent; branches velutinous.
9a. Leaves and stems with white hairs; leaflets broadly elliptic to ovate, often more than 8 cm ............................................................................................... 17. C. latifolia
9b. Leaves and stems with tawny to pale brown hairs; leaflets narrowly ovate to elliptic, usually less than 7 cm.
10a. Racemes extended, often more than 10 cm; bracts narrowly ovate, 2–2.5 mm; bracteoles ca. 1 mm ..................................................................................... 11. C. fulva
10b. Racemes usually less than 9 cm; bracts narrowly ovate, 3–5 mm; bracteoles ca. 2 mm ........................................................................................... 25. C. sulcata
8b. Leaflet adaxially glabrous or ± densely pubescent; branches not velutinous.
11a. Flowers small; standard usually less than 9 mm.
12a. Pods more than 10 mm; leaflet abaxially densely white pubescent 18. C. luhitensis
12b. Pods less than 8 mm.
13a. Leaflet abaxially with sparse appressed short hairs; pod apex obtuse 7. C. cytisoides
13b. Leaflet abaxially with dense white silky hairs; pod apex rounded 28. C. thomsonii
11b. Flowers larger; standard usually more than 10 mm.
14a. Leaflets usually less than 1 cm, obdeltoid .............................. 31. C. wilsonii
14b. Leaflets usually more than 2 cm, not obdeltoid.
15a. Bracts usually caducous before flowering ................. 19. C. macrocarpa
15b. Bracts mostly persistent until fruiting.
16a. Inflorescence usually a panicle; bracts mostly more than 2 mm; petioles not dorsally angled.
17a. Leaflets deltoid to ovate; lateral veins thick, prominent abaxially 15. C. hirtella
17b. Leaflets obovate to oblong; lateral veins not prominent 2. C. alopochroa
16b. Inflorescence not a panicle; bracts mostly less than 2 mm.
18a. Petioles sulcate, neither dorsally angled nor winged .... 8. C. decora
18b. Petioles dorsally angled, often slightly convex above, bisulcate and narrowly winged along both sides ....................................................... 14. C. henryi
5b. Glandular hairs absent from pedicel and calyx.
19a. Petioles dorsally angled, often narrowly winged along the both sides; young branches distinctly angled.
20a. Young branches quadrangular; corolla purple ................................ 12. C. grandifolia
20b. Young branches triquetrous; corolla yellow or purple .................. 29. C. trigonoclada
19b. Petioles neither dorsally angled nor winged.
21a. Calyx lobes ca. 3 × as long as tube; flowers subsessile, clustered at top of peduncle as an umbel; leaflet adaxially white pubescent .............................................................. 1. C. alba
21b. Calyx lobes usually nearly equal to tube or, if longer, less than 2 × as long as tube; inflorescences not umbelliform.
22a. Leaflet adaxially densely puberulous.
23a. Calyx, inflorescence, young branches, and leaflets abaxially densely appressed sericeous; leaflets elliptic to oblong ...................................................................... 3. C. argentea
23b. Calyx, inflorescence, young branches, and leaflets abaxially densely white villous; leaflets obdeltoid to broadly obovate .................................................... 5. C. brevifolia
22b. Leaflet adaxially glabrous, sparsely pubescent, or sericeous.
24a. Pedicels usually less than 5 mm.
25a. Flowers clustered at upper part of racemes.
26a. Flowers larger; standard ca. 10 mm; pedicels more than 1.5 mm; racemes not terete ...................................................................................... 16. C. howellii
26b. Flowers small; standard ca. 7 mm; pedicels less than 1.5 mm; racemes terete, very densely flowered, spike-like .................................. 27. C. teretiracemosa
25b. Flowers distributed equally in racemes.
27a. Pods ovoid to elliptic, pubescent; inflorescences racemose 24. C. speciosa
27b. Pods narrowly ovoid to narrowly elliptic, lateral surface glabrous; inflorescences paniculate ................................................................................ 30. C. wenshanica
24b. Pedicels usually more than 5 mm.
28a. Flowers 10 or more per raceme.
29a. Leaflets obdeltoid to obcordate; lateral veins dense, straight, parallel 4. C. bonii
29b. Leaflets elliptic to obovate; lateral veins arcuate with net venation.
30a. Pedicels slender, 6–14 mm; leaflets papery ................. 6. C. capillipes
30b. Pedicels stout, 5–6 mm; leaflets subleathery .......... 23. C. sargentiana
28b. Flowers less than 8 per raceme.
31a. Pedicels more than 15 mm; vexillary stamen connate to tube at base for ca. 1/6 of its length ........................................................................ 20. C. pauciflora
31b. Pedicels less than 8 mm; vexillary stamen connate to tube at base for ca. 1/3 of its length ................................................................................. 26. C. tenuiramea
白花杭子梢 bai hua hang zi shao
Shrubs. Young branches densely white soft hairy. Petiole ca. 1.5 mm, white tomentose; leaflets broadly obovate, terminal one ca. 1 × 0.8 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely covered with ascending soft hairs, base obtuse, apex rounded to retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Inflorescences umbel-like racemose with reduced axes; peduncles ca. 1.5 cm, densely ascending sericeous; pedicels short, ca. 1.5 mm, ascending sericeous. Calyx deeply 4-lobed, densely ascending sericeous; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 6–7 mm. Standard broadly obovate, ca. 9.5 mm, apex rounded; wings ca. 9.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 14.5 mm, clawed at base. Gynoecium ca. 11.5 mm; ovary ca. 2.5 mm; style incurved, ca. 9 mm.
* SW China (probably Guizhou, Sichuan, or Yunnan).
西藏杭子梢 xi zhang hang zi shao
Shrublets, 0.5–1 m tall. Branches densely ferruginous pubescent. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, with dense ascending hairs; leaflets obovate to elliptic, terminal one 2–2.5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely covered with ascending short hairs, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes usually large paniculate, 6–8 cm; rachis and pedicels with dense ferruginous spreading hairs and sparse glandular hairs; pedicels 4–5 mm. Calyx deeply 4-lobed, densely ascending sericeous with glandular hairs; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2.5–3 mm. Corolla red-purple; standard obovate or narrowly elliptic, ca. 12 mm, apex obtuse; wings 10–11 mm, shortly clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 14 mm, clawed at base. Gynoecium ca. 13 mm; ovary ca. 2 mm; style incurved, 10.5–11 mm.
* Xizang.
银叶杭子梢 yin ye hang zi shao
Lespedeza argentea (Schindler) H. Léveillé.
Shrubs or shrublets, 0.5–1 m tall. Branches densely appressed sericeous. Petiole 1.5–4 cm, densely appressed hairy; leaflets elliptic to oblong, terminal one 1.2–3 × 0.7–2 cm, abaxially whitish or silvery with dense appressed silky hairs, adaxially puberulent, base rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels rarely present, linear, ca. 2 mm. Racemes 5–15 cm, often paniculate; rachis and pedicels with dense ascending short hairs; pedicels 1.5–4 mm. Calyx deeply 4-lobed, with appressed short hairs; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 9–10 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 10 mm, clawed at base; keel inflexed at an obtuse angle, ca. 11.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm, appressed puberulent near suture and apex; style incurved, ca. 7 mm. Pod obliquely oblong, 7–9 × 3.5–5 mm, with subappressed short hairs, apex rounded. Seeds dark reddish brown, reniform, 2–2.2 × 3.5–4 mm.
* Sunny places, mountain slopes; 1300–1500 m. Yunnan.
密脉杭子梢 mi mai hang zi shao
Shrubs, to 4 m tall. Branches shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.5–3 cm, densely appressed hairy; leaflets obdeltoid to obcordate, terminal one 1.5–4 × 0.8–3 cm, abaxially appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex retuse and mucronulate; lateral veins dense, straight, parallel; stipels linear. Racemes densely flowered, 2–7 cm, often paniculate; pedicels 4–8 mm, with appressed short hairs. Calyx with appressed short hairs; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm. Corolla pale pink or pale red-purple; standard obovate to elliptic, 8–9 mm, narrowed to a claw, obtuse at apex; wings ca. 9 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 8.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary puberulent. Pod obliquely oblong, 13–16 × 5–8 mm, with subappressed short hairs, apex rounded. Seeds reniform, ca. 3 × 6 mm.
* Forests, thickets, grasslands; 300–2900 m. Guangxi.
The typical variety occurs in N Thailand and N Vietnam.
短序杭子梢 duan xu hang zi shao
Campylotropis yajiangensis P. Y. Fu var. deronica P. Y. Fu.
Shrubs or shrublets, usually 0.8–2 m tall. Branches glabrescent, young parts densely white villous. Petiole 0.5–1 cm, densely white villous; leaflets obdeltoid to broadly obovate, terminal one 0.6–1.6 × 0.5–1.2 cm, abaxially densely white villous, adaxially densely puberulent, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 1–2 cm, few flowered; rachis and pedicels with dense ascending soft hairs, pedicels 1.5–2 mm. Calyx with dense ascending soft hairs; tube 1.5–1.8 mm; lobes triangular, nearly same length as tube. Corolla reddish purple; standard obovate, ca. 10 mm, base obtuse, apex rounded; wings ca. 9.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 13.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm; style incurved, ca. 8 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, with ascending short hairs. Fl. Sep–Oct.
* Sunny grasslands, rocky mountain slopes, dry grassy slopes, thickets; 1600–3500 m. W Sichuan, E Xizang.
细花梗杭子梢 xi hua geng hang zi shao
Shrubs, usually 1–2 m tall. Young branches shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.3–4 cm, densely shortly appressed hairy; leaflets obovate to oblong, terminal one 1–3 × 0.7–2 cm, both surfaces sparsely shortly appressed hairy or adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes ± densely flowered, 1.5–3(–8) cm; pedicels slender, subfiliform, 6–20 mm, with appressed short hairs. Calyx with appressed short hairs; tube 1.8–2.7 mm; lobes triangular to narrowly triangular. Corolla purple to reddish purple; standard elliptic, 10–14 mm, apex obtuse; wings 10–14 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 12–16 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 3.5 mm, puberulent or glabrous; style incurved, ca. 10 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, 8–16 × 4.5–7 mm, shortly appressed hairy or glabrous, apex obtuse. Seeds reddish brown, reniform, ca. 2 × 3 mm. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Nov–Dec.
Forests, thickets, forest margins, valleys, mountain slopes, stream sides; 1000–3000 m. W Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].
1a.. Leaflets adaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy; racemes short, 1.5–3 cm; calyx lobes almost as long as tube, more than 1.5 mm ............................................................................ 6a. subsp. capillipes
1b.. Leaflets adaxially glabrous; racemes 2–8 cm; calyx lobes distinctly shorter than tube, 1–1.5 mm 6b. subsp. prainii
细花梗杭子梢 (原亚种) xi hua geng hang zi shao (yuan ya zhong)
Lespedeza capillipes Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 165. 1890.
Leaflets adaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Racemes short, 1.5–3 cm. Calyx lobes almost as long as tube, more than 1.5 mm.
* Forests, thickets; 1000–3000 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
草山杭子梢 cao shan hang zi shao
Lespedeza prainii Collett & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1890; Campylotropis prainii (Collett & Hemsley) Schindler.
Leaflets adaxially glabrous. Racemes 2–8 cm. Calyx lobes distinctly shorter than tube, 1–1.5 mm. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Nov–Apr of following year.
Forest margins, forests, valleys, mountain slopes, thickets, stream sides; 1000–3000 m. W Guangxi, Yunnan [Myanmar, Thailand].
小花杭子梢 xiao hua hang zi shao
Shrubs, 1.5–3 m tall. Young branches shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 1.5–5.5 cm, with dense appressed short hairs; leaflets narrowly ovate to elliptic, terminal one 2.3–6.5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially with sparse appressed short hairs, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 4–15 cm; rachis and pedicels shortly ascending hairy mixed with sparse glandular hairs; pedicels 2–5 mm. Calyx densely shortly ascending hairy mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.2–1.4 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.7–2.1 mm. Corolla pinkish white; standard elliptic, ca. 8 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 7.7 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 10 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2 mm; style incurved, ca. 5 mm, shortly appressed hairy at basal half. Pod obliquely obovoid, 6.5–8 × 3.8–4.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds reddish brown, reniform, 2–2.2 × 3.3–3.8 mm. Fl. and fr. (Nov–)Dec–Apr of following year.
Sparse or dense forests; 400–1500 m. S Yunnan [N Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
The plants in China are the form parviflora (Kurz) Iokawa & H. Ohashi (J. Jap. Bot. 77: 212. 2002). The typical variety occurs in Indonesia.
华美杭子梢 hua mei hang zi shao
Lespedeza decora Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 231. 1873; Campylotropis henryi Thuân (1987), not Schindler (1912); C. sericophylla (Collett & Hemsley) Schindler; C. sessilifolia Schindler; L. henryi Gagnepain (1920), not Schindler (1912); L. sericophylla Collett & Hemsley.
Shrubs, 1–1.5 m tall. Young branches densely ascending or spreading hairy. Petiole 0.5–3.5 cm, densely ascending hairy; leaflets obovate to elliptic, terminal one 2–5 × 1–3.5 cm, abaxially densely appressed or ascending hairy, adaxially glabrous or pubescent, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 2–9 cm; rachis and pedicels with ascending or spreading short hairs and dense glandular hairs; pedicels 4–10 mm. Calyx with appressed or ascending short hairs mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.5–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, ca. 4 mm. Corolla blue; standard elliptic, ca. 10 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 9 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 14 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2 mm; style incurved, ca. 9.5 mm. Pod obliquely ovoid or obovoid, 6–7 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds purplish brown, reniform, ca. 2 × 3.5 mm.
S Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].
西南杭子梢 xi nan hang zi shao
Lespedeza delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 165. 1890; L. atrokermesina Forrest.
Shrubs, 1–3 m tall. Young branches densely appressed whitish sericeous. Petiole 1–3 cm, densely appressed whitish sericeous; leaflets obovate to oblong, terminal one 1.5–7 × 1.3–5.7 cm, leathery, abaxially with dense appressed whitish sericeous hairs, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes ± densely flowered, 2–11 cm, often paniculate; rachis and pedicels with dense spreading whitish short hairs and glandular hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm. Calyx with dense appressed whitish sericeous hairs and sparse glandular hairs; tube 1.6–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 4.3–5.5 mm. Corolla dark purple; standard elliptic, 10–13 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 12.5 mm, clawed at base; keel ca. 14.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary 2.2–2.5 mm; style incurved, 10–10.5 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, 6–7 × 4–5 mm, shortly appressed hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds purplish brown, reniform, ca. 1.7 × 2.7 mm. Fl. Oct–Dec, fr. Nov–Dec.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, sunny grasslands; 400–2200 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
The roots are used medicinally for reducing fevers.
异叶杭子梢 yi ye hang zi shao
Lespedeza diversifolia Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. t. 2625. 1899.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Leaves dimorphic; lower leaves petiolate, with obovate leaflets and distinct rachis, rachis 4–8 mm; upper leaves subsessile, with deltoid leaflets and a minute rachis, rachis 0.5–4 mm; petioles of lower leaves 0.5–1.2 cm, sparsely appressed short hairy; terminal leaflets 2–3.5 × 1.2–2.8 cm on lower leaves, 1.5–3 × 1.8–3 cm on upper leaves, abaxially with sparse appressed short hairs, adaxially glabrous or sparsely shortly hairy, obtuse at base and obtuse and mucronulate at apex on lower leaves, cordate or truncate at base and acuminate at apex on upper leaves; stipels absent. Racemes 2–5 cm, often paniculate; pedicels 5–9 mm, shortly appressed hairy and also with sparse glandular hairs. Calyx with dense appressed short hairs, rarely also with glandular hairs; tube 2–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 12–14 mm, apex obtuse; wings 12–13 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 16–18 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 3 mm; style incurved, ca. 11.5 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, 9–10 × ca. 5 mm, shortly appressed hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds brown, reniform, ca. 2.5 × 3.6 mm. Fl. Nov–Dec, fr. Jan–May.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, sparse forests, hot arid valleys; 800–1700 m. Yunnan.
暗黄杭子梢 an huang hang zi shao
Lespedeza fulva (Schindler) H. Léveillé.
Shrublets or shrubs. Young branches densely yellowish velutinous. Petiole 0.4–2 cm, densely yellowish velutinous; leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate or narrowly oblong to oblong, terminal one 2.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially densely ascending hairy, adaxially with dense very minute spreading hairs (puberulous), base obtuse or rounded, apex obtuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 6–12 cm, often panicle composed of several upper racemes with reduced subtending leaves; rachis with spreading short hairs and glandular hairs; pedicels ca. 3 mm, densely shortly ascending hairy mixed with glandular hairs. Calyx with dense appressed short hairs and sparse glandular hairs; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, ca. 2.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 9–9.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 8 mm, clawed at base; keel ca. 13.2 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 1.5 mm; style incurved, ca. 9.2 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, shortly appressed hairy.
This species is known only from the type specimen collected from Mengzi in southeast Yunnan.
弥勒杭子梢 mi le hang zi shao
Shrubs, ca. 1.5 m tall. Young branches distinctly quadrangular, sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole abaxially angled, often narrowly winged along both sides, 2–4 cm, with dense appressed short hairs; leaflets ovate to elliptic, terminal one 3–8 × 1.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely appressed or ascending hairy, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or rounded, apex obtuse or retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes ± densely flowered, 3–5 cm, often paniculate; rachis with ± dense appressed short hairs; pedicels 6–8 mm, with ± dense appressed or ascending short hairs. Calyx with dense appressed short hairs; tube ca. 2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 3–4 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 13–14 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 12 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 16–17 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm; style incurved, 11–11.5 mm. Pod ovoid, 6–9 × 3–5 mm, appressed shortly hairy, apex obtuse.
This species is known only from the type specimen collected at Mile in southeast Yunnan.
Although winged petioles and distinctly angled young branches are also observed in Campylotropis trigonoclada and C. henryi, this species is easily recognized by the quadrangular branches and lack of glandular hairs in the inflorescences.
思茅杭子梢 si mao hang zi shao
Lespedeza harmsii (Schindler) H. Léveillé.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches ± densely ascending hairy. Leaves dimorphic; lower leaves petiolate, leaflets obovate; upper leaves sometimes subsessile; leaflets orbicular or transverse elliptic; petioles of lower leaves 1–2 cm, ± densely shortly ascending hairy; terminal leaflets 1.5–3.5 × 1.3–3 cm, abaxially appressed hairy, adaxially with sparse appressed minute hairs, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronulate or acuminate; stipels absent. Racemes 2–3 cm, often paniculate at apex; panicle zigzag, bent at nodes; rachis and pedicels ± densely ascending hairy, rarely also with glandular hairs; pedicels 10–14 mm. Calyx with dense ascending short hairs, rarely with glandular hairs; tube 2–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 12.5–13 mm, apex obtuse; wings 12–13 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 15–16 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 3 mm; style incurved at base, ca. 10 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, 12–15 × 5–6 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex acute. Seeds purplish black, reniform, ca. 3 × 6 mm.
Dense forests; 100–1300 m. S Yunnan [Thailand].
元江杭子梢 yuan jiang hang zi shao
Lespedeza henryi Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 517. 1911; Campylotropis esquirolii Schindler.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches often distinctly quadrangular, sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole adaxially angled, often slightly convex above, bisulcate and narrowly winged along both sides, 1–5 cm, shortly appressed hairy; leaflets oblong to ovate, terminal one 3–10 × 1.5–5 cm, abaxially appressed hairy particularly on veins and margin, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex obtuse to rounded and retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 3–15 cm; rachis and pedicels with ± dense appressed to ascending short hairs and sparse glandular hairs; pedicels 6–8.5 mm. Calyx with densely appressed short hairs and glandular hairs; tube 2–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 3–4.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 10–13 mm, apex obtuse; wings 10–12.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 12.5–15 mm, clawed at base. Ovary 2.5–3 mm, shortly appressed hairy; style incurved, ca. 10 mm. Pod ovoid, 6–9 × 4–5.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds purplish black, reniform, ca. 2 × 4 mm. Fl. and fr. Oct–Dec.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, forests; 600–1600 m. Guizhou, Yunnan.
The wings of this species are sometimes not so prominent, especially on the petioles of upper small leaves. In such a form, this species somewhat resembles Campylotropis polyantha, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by the lack of stipels and longer calyx lobes (3–4.5 mm in C. henryi vs. 1.3–2.5 mm in C. polyantha). Campylotropis henryi had been recorded from Thailand (Gagnepain (1920), as L. henryi (Schindler) Gagnepain) and Laos (Thuân 1987), but these are C. decora.
毛杭子梢 mao hang zi shao
Lespedeza hirtella Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 167. 1890; L. mairei Pampanini.
Shrublets, 0.5–1 m tall. Young branches ± densely ferruginous spreading hairy. Aerial stems annual and coming from axillary or adventitious buds at basal perennial parts of stems, usually with several withered shoots from previous year persistent at base of the annual shoots. Petiole 0.1–2 cm, very short on upper leaves, densely ascending or appressed hairy; leaflets deltoid to ovate, terminal one 1–6 × 1–4 cm, abaxially ± densely ascending hairy, adaxially sparsely or ± densely ascending hairy, base cordate, truncate, or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 4–17 cm, usually paniculate; rachis and pedicels with dense spreading short hairs and glandular hairs; pedicels 1.5–7 mm. Calyx with ± dense ascending short hairs and glandular hairs; tube 2–2.8 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2.5–3.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 13–15 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 13 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 15.5–17 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2 mm, shortly appressed hairy; style incurved, ca. 13 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds purplish brown, reniform, ca. 3.7 × 2 mm. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Oct–Nov.
Thickets, forest margins, stream sides, sparse forests, mountain slopes, sunny grasslands; 900–4100 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [India].
腾冲杭子梢 teng chong hang zi shao
Shrubs or shrublets, ca. 1 m tall. Young branches sparsely appressed or ascending shortly hairy. Petiole 0.3–2.5 cm, densely appressed or ascending hairy; leaflets obovate to oblong, terminal one 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes axillary or terminal, 2.5–11 cm, densely flowered on long peduncle; rachis and pedicels densely shortly ascending hairy; pedicels 1.5–3 mm. Calyx with ± dense appressed short hairs; tube 2–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2.5–3.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 10–10.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 10.5 mm, clawed at base; keel shallowly incurved, 12.5–13 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2 mm, shortly appressed hairy; style incurved, ca. 7.2 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, ca. 5.5 × 3 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex obtuse. Seeds purplish brown, reniform.
* Sparse forests on mountain slopes; 1900–2300 m. Yunnan.
阔叶杭子梢 kuo ye hang zi shao
Lespedeza latifolia Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 488. 1903.
Shrubs, usually 1–2 m tall. Young branches densely whitish velutinous. Petiole 1.5–5 cm, densely ascending whitish velutinous; leaflets ovate to broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, terminal one 4–10 × 2–6 cm, leathery, abaxially ± densely whitish pubescent, adaxially ± densely puberulous, rarely glabrescent, base rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 6–13 cm; rachis and pedicels ± densely pubescent and with glandular hairs; pedicels 2.5–5 mm. Calyx with ± dense ascending short hairs and glandular hairs; tube 1.5–1.8 mm; lobes triangular, 1.2–1.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, ca. 12 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 11.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 14.5–15.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy; style incurved, ca. 11.5 mm. Pod obliquely oblong, 8–11 × ca. 3.5 mm, shortly spreading hairy, apex acute.
* Mountain slopes, sunny places; 1200–1400 m. Yunnan.
藏东杭子梢 zang dong hang zi shao
Shrubs. Young branches densely whitish hairy. Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaflets elliptic, terminal one 1–3.5 × 0.6–1.8 cm, abaxially densely whitish appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes usually paniculate, each raceme 2–4 cm; rachis densely spreading pubescent mixed with glandular hairs; pedicels 5–8 mm, densely spreading pubescent mixed with glandular hairs. Calyx ± densely shortly ascending hairy; tube 1.5–2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–2.4 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 8–9.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings 7.8–9.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, ca. 11 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, shortly appressed hairy; style incurved, 6.5–7.5 mm. Pod obliquely ovoid, 11–14 × ca. 4 mm, densely short hairy. Seeds reniform, ca. 4 × 2.5 mm.
E Xizang [Myanmar].
杭子梢 hang zi shao
Shrubs, usually 1–2 m tall. Young branches appressed or ascending hairy. Petiole 1–5 cm, appressed or ascending pubescent; leaflets oblong or ovate, rarely obovate, terminal one 1.2–6.5 × 0.7–3.7 cm, abaxially sparsely to densely ascending pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent, rarely rudimentarily present and linear on base of petiolule of lateral leaflet. Racemes 2.5–15 cm, sometimes paniculate; rachis and pedicels appressed or ascending pubescent mixed with glandular hairs; pedicels 2–11 mm. Calyx ± densely appressed or ascending short hairy mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.2–2 mm; lobes triangular, 0.8–3 mm. Corolla purple to pinkish white; standard elliptic, 11–12 mm, apex obtuse; wings 10–12 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 11.5–14.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary 2.5–3 mm; style incurved, 8.5–9 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid to oblong, 9–15 × 3.5–6 mm, lateral surface glabrous or pubescent, apex acute. Seeds reddish brown, reniform, 2.7–5 × 1.5–3 mm.
Mountain slopes, valleys, thickets, forest margins, stream sides, forests, open places; 100–2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Korea].
Two varieties occur in China.
1a.. Lateral surface of pods glabrous; calyx lobes shorter than tube, 0.8–1.2 mm 19a. var. macrocarpa
1b.. Lateral surface of pods pubescent; calyx lobes almost as long as tube, 2.2–3 mm 19b. var. hupehensis
杭子梢 (原变种) hang zi shoa (yuan bian zhong)
Lespedeza macrocarpa Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 18. 1833; Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 192. 1835; Campylotropis chinensis Bunge, nom. illeg.: type of Lespedeza macrocarpa; C. gracilis Ricker; C. hersii Ricker; C. huberi Ricker; C. ichangensis (Schindler) Cheng f. et al.; C. macrocarpa subsp. hengduanshanensis C. J. Chen; C. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa f. lanceolata P. Y. Fu; C. mortolana Ricker; C. smithii Ricker; L. ciliata Bentham; L. distincta L. H. Bailey; L. ichangensis Schindler; L. muehleana Schindler; L. rosthornii Schindler.
Calyx lobes shorter than tube, 0.8–1.2 mm. Lateral surface of pods glabrous. Fl. and fr. (May–)Jun–Oct.
Mountain slopes, thickets, valleys, forest margins, stream sides, forests; 100–1900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Korea].
This variety includes two forms: f. macrocarpa with purple to pinkish white flowers and f. alba (S. Y. Wang) Iokawa & H. Ohashi with pure white flowers.
太白山杭子梢 tai bai shan hang zi shao
Lespedeza macrocarpa Bunge var. hupehensis Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 399. 1910; Campylotropis bodinieri Schindler; C. giraldii Schindler; C. glauca (Schindler) Schindler; C. longepedunculata Ricker; C. macrocarpa var. giraldii (Schindler) K. T. Fu ex P. Y. Fu; C. macrocarpa (Bunge) Rehder var. giraldii f. giraldii (Schindler) P. Y. Fu; C. macrocarpa var. giraldii f. hupehensis (Pampanini) P. Y. Fu; C. macrocarpa var. giraldii f. longepedunculata (Ricker) P. Y. Fu; C. macrocarpa var. giraldii f. microphylla K. T. Fu ex P. Y. Fu; L. bodinieri (Schindler) H. Léveillé; L. giraldii Schindler; L. glauca Schindler; L. macrocarpa Franchet (1894), not Bunge (1833); L. pseudomacrocarpa Hayata.
Calyx lobes almost as long as tube, 2.2–3 mm. Lateral surface of pods pubescent. Fl. and fr. Jun–Oct(–Nov).
* Mountain slopes, thickets, open places, forest margins, forests, valleys; 200–2000 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan.
少花杭子梢 shao hua hang zi shao
Shrubs, ca. 1 m tall. Young branches ± densely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.8–1.6 cm, ascending or spreading pubescent; leaflets obovate, terminal one 1.3–2.4 × 0.9–1.5 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes few flowered, 0.6–1.4 cm; rachis and pedicels sparsely shortly appressed hairy; pedicels 20–22 mm, capillaceous. Calyx ± densely shortly appressed hairy; tube 2–2.3 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–2.3 mm. Corolla blue; standard elliptic, 11–12.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings 11–12.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 15–17 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 mm, shortly appressed hairy; style incurved, ca. 10 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, shortly appressed hairy, apex acute. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
* Mixed forests; ca. 2300 m. W Yunnan.
松林杭子梢 song lin hang zi shao
Lespedeza pinetorum Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 230. 1873; L. velutina Gagnepain, not Dunn (1901).
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branches tawny velutinous. Petiole 1–5 cm, densely velutinous; leaflets ovate or elliptic, terminal one 2–13 × 1–6 cm, adaxially tawny velutinous, base obtuse or rounded, apex acute; stipels absent. Racemes 2–10 cm, densely flowered; rachis tawny velutinous mixed with dense glandular hairs; pedicels 1.5–4 mm, densely pubescent mixed with glandular hairs. Calyx ± densely shortly ascending hairy mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.7–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 3–4.5 mm, upper lobe distinctly 2-toothed. Corolla pinkish white; standard elliptic, 9–10.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings 7.5–9 mm, clawed at base; keel shallowly inflexed, 10.5–12 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.3 mm, shortly hairy; style incurved, ca. 7.7 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic to narrowly obovoid, 6–6.5 × 3–4 mm, shortly ascending hairy sometimes mixed with glandular hairs, apex acute. Seeds purplish brown, obliquely oblong, 3.2–4 × 1.5–2 mm.
Mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins, sparse forests, open grassy slopes, stream sides; 700–2800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
The typical subspecies occurs in Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Two other subspecies occur in China.
1a.. Branches, inflorescences rachis, calyces and both surfaces of leaflets densely white pubescent; leaflets ovate to elliptic, acute at apex ......................................................... 21a. subsp. albopubescens
1b.. Branches, inflorescences rachis, calyces and abaxial surface of leaflets tawny velutinous; leaflets oblong to narrowly ovate, rounded or obtuse at apex .................................................. 21b. subsp. velutina
白柔毛杭子梢 bai rou mao hang zi shao
Campylotropis pinetorum var. albopubescens Iokawa & H. Ohashi, J. Jap. Bot. 72: 141. 1997.
Branches, inflorescence rachis, calyces, and both surfaces of leaflets densely white pubescent. Leaflets ovate to elliptic, apex acute.
* Yunnan.
绒毛叶杭子梢 rong mao hang zi shao
Lespedeza velutina Dunn, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. ser. 4, 7: t. 2700. 1901; Campylotropis velutina (Dunn) Schindler; L. pinetorum Gagnepain (??year), not Kurz (??year); Millettia cavaleriei H. Léveillé.
Branches, inflorescences rachis, calyces and abaxial surface of leaflets tawny velutinous. Leaflets oblong to narrowly ovate, apex rounded or obtuse. Fl. and fr. Dec–Apr of following year.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins, sparse forests, open grassy slopes, stream sides; 700–2800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
The root is used medicinally as an astringent and pain reliever.
小雀花 xiao que hua
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches appressed or ascending hairy. Petiole 0.5–4 cm, appressed or ascending pubescent; leaflets oblong, obovate, or ovate to narrowly ovate, terminal one 1–4 × 0.5–2.5 cm, abaxially ± densely appressed or ascending pubescent, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels present at top of petioles, linear, 1–2 mm, sometimes also present at top of rachis. Racemes 2–13 cm; rachis and pedicels appressed or ascending pubescent mixed with glandular hairs; pedicels 3–9 mm. Calyx ± densely shortly ascending hairy mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.5–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.3–2.5 mm. Corolla purple to pinkish white; standard elliptic, 10–14 mm, obtuse at apex; wings 10–13 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 11.3–16.2 mm, clawed at base. Ovary 2.5–4 mm; style incurved, 7.5–9 mm. Pod obliquely ovoid to elliptic or obovoid, 6–11 × 3–5 mm, apex acute. Seeds pale brown, reniform, 2.5–3.6 × 1.6–2 mm.
* Mountain slopes, sunny thickets, rocky mountains, roadsides, grasslands, waste grasslands, valleys, forest margins, forests; 400–3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, E. Xizang, Yunnan.
1a.. Bracts 1–3.5 mm, caducous before flowering; pedicels 3–8 mm ................... 22a. var. polyantha
1b.. Bracts 3–5 mm, persistent until fruiting; pedicels 7–9 mm; lateral surface of pods pubescent 22b. var. neglecta
小雀花 (原变种) xiao que hua (yuan bian zhong)
Lespedeza eriocarpa de Candolle var. polyantha Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 168. 1890; Campylotropis muehleana (Schindler) Schindler; C. polyantha f. macrophylla P. Y. Fu; C. polyantha f. souliei (Schindler) P. Y. Fu; C. polyantha var. tomentosa P. Y. Fu; C. reticulata S. S. Chien; C. reticulata Ricker (1946), not S. S. Chien (1932); C. reticulinervis C. Y. Wu; C. smithii Ricker; C. souliei Schindler; C. tomentosipetiolata P. Y. Fu; C. wangii Ricker; L. blinii H. Léveillé; L. dichromoxylon H. Léveillé; L. eriocarpa var. chinensis Pampanini; L. eriocarpa var. chinensis subvar. polyantha (Franchet) Pampanini; L. muehleana Schindler; L. polyantha (Franchet) Schindler; L. sargentiana (Schindler) H. Léveillé.
Bracts 1–3.5 mm, caducous before flowering. Pedicels 3–8 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar–Nov(–Dec).
* Mountain slopes, sunny thickets, rocky mountains, roadsides, grasslands, stream sides; 400–3200 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan.
The root is used medicinally for reducing fever, promoting diuresis, expelling phlegm, and as a pain reliever.
This variety includes two forms: f. polyantha with pubescent pods and f. leiocarpa (Pampanini) Iokawa & H. Ohashi with glabrous lateral surfaces of pods.
蒙自杭子梢 meng zi hang zi shao
Campylotropis neglecta Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 340. 1912; Lespedeza neglecta (Schindler) H. Léveillé.
Bracts 3–5 mm, persistent until fruiting. Pedicels 7–9 mm. Lateral surface of pods pubescent.
* Yunnan.
四川杭子梢 si chuan hang zi shao
Lespedeza sargentiana (Schindl.) H. Léveillé.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches appressed hairy. Petiole 0.7–2.4 cm, with dense appressed short hairs; leaflets oblong to elliptic, terminal one 1.2–3 × 0.6–1.5 cm, abaxially sericeous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels sometimes present, linear, 0.5–1 mm. Racemes 2–11 cm, sometimes paniculate; rachis densely appressed or ascending shortly hairy; pedicels 4–6 mm, densely appressed or ascending shortly hairy. Calyx densely shortly appressed hairy; tube 1.8–2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–2.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 10–11 mm, apex obtuse; wings 9.5–10.5 mm, clawed at base; keel shallowly inflexed, 12–16 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, shortly hairy; style ca. 7.5 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, ca. 7 mm, shortly ascending hairy, acute at apex. Seeds reniform, ca. 2.7 × 2 mm.
* Sichuan.
绵毛果杭子梢 mian mao guo hang zi shao
Campylotropis eriocarpa Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni. Veg. 11: 347. 1912; C. macrostyla (D. Don) Schindler var. eriocarpa (Maximowicz) H. Ohashi; Lespedeza eriocarpa Maximowicz (1873), not de Candolle (1825).
Shrubs, usually 1 m tall. Young branches ± densely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.5–4.5 cm, with ± dense appressed short hairs; leaflets obovate to oblong, terminal one 1.2–4.8 × 0.8–2.8 cm, abaxially densely sericeous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely shortly hairy, base obtuse or cuneate, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 2.5–20 cm; rachis and pedicels densely appressed or ascending shortly hairy; pedicels slender, 3–7 mm. Calyx ± densely appressed short hairy; tube 1.5–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–3.5 mm. Corolla purple; standard obovate, 10.5–12 mm, apex obtuse; wings 9.8–11.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 12–15 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, shortly hairy; style ca. 8.3 mm. Pods obliquely obovoid, 6.5–7.5 × 3.3–4.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy. Seeds dark brown, reniform, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm.
Xizang [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
The typical subspecies occurs in India and Nepal.
槽茎杭子梢 cao jing hang zi shao
Campylotropis purpurascens Ricker; C. rockii Schindler.
Shrubs, 1–3 m tall. Young branches multi-angular, often sulcate, with dense appressed tawny hairs. Petiole 0.5–2.5 cm, densely ascending pubescent. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, terminal one 2.5–9 × 1–3 cm, abaxially densely tawny sericeous, adaxially densely puberulous, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent or rarely present. Racemes 4–9 cm, sometimes paniculate; rachis densely ascending pubescent mixed with glandular hairs; pedicels 2–4 mm, densely ascending pubescent mixed with glandular hairs. Calyx densely ascending pubescent; tube 1.5–2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.5–1.6 mm. Corolla purple to rose; standard obovate, 9–10 mm, apex obtuse; wings 8.5–9 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 11–12 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 1.8 mm, shortly hairy; style 7.5–8 mm. Pod obliquely elliptic, 4.5–7 × 3.5–4 mm, shortly ascending hairy. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Mountain slopes, thickets, forests; 1200–2100 m. Yunnan [Thailand].
细枝杭子梢 xi zhi hang zi shao
Shrubs, usually ca. 2 m tall. Young branches densely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.1–1.8 cm, with dense ascending short hairs; leaflets obovate to elliptic, terminal one 0.8–3 × 0.6–2 cm, abaxially ± densely ascending sericeous, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 2–3 cm, several flowered at top of peduncles; rachis densely shortly appressed hairy; pedicels 5–8 mm, densely shortly appressed hairy. Calyx densely shortly appressed hairy; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 11.5–12 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 10.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 13.5–15 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2.6 mm, shortly hairy; style ca. 9.6 mm.
* Dry slopes; ca. 1800 m. Yunnan.
柱序杭子梢 zhu xu hang zi shao
Shrubs. Young branches densely appressed or ascending yellowish pubescent. Petiole 0.2–0.8 cm, with dense appressed yellowish hairs; leaflets oblong to elliptic, terminal one 1.3–4.5 × 0.7–1.5 cm, abaxially densely yellowish ascending pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 5–10 cm, spike-like with many very small flowers on a distinct peduncle; rachis densely yellowish ascending pubescent; pedicels very short, ca. 1 mm, densely yellowish ascending pubescent. Calyx densely yellowish pubescent; tube ca. 1.5 mm; lobes triangular, 1.3–1.7 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, ca. 7 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 6 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 9–9.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 1 mm; style incurved, ca. 6 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, 6.5–7.5 × 3.3–4.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy. Seeds brown, oblong to ovoid, 2.2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm.
* Mountain slopes; 2400–2500 m. Sichuan.
汤姆逊杭子梢 thomson hang zi shao
Lespedeza thomsoni Bentham ex Baker in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 144. 1876; Campylotropis kingdonii H. Ohashi; C. rogersii Schindler.
Shrubs. Young branches ± densely shortly appressed silky-hairy. Petiole 1–3.5 cm, with dense appressed or ascending silky hairs; leaflets oblong to elliptic, terminal one 3–7 × 1.2–2.5 cm, abaxially densely appressed silky hairy, adaxially glabrous or ± densely pubescent, base rounded or obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 5–10 cm, sometimes paniculate; rachis and pedicels with dense ascending silky hairs; pedicels 3–10 mm. Calyx with dense appressed or ascending silky hairs; tube 1.5–2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.5–2.2 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 6.5–8.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings 6–8 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 9.5–11 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 2 mm, shortly hairy; style incurved, ca. 6.5 mm. Pod obliquely obovoid, 7–8 × 3.5–4 mm, shortly appressed hairy, apex rounded. Seeds blackish purple, oblong, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm.
Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Vietnam].
三棱枝杭子梢 san leng zhi hang zhi shao
Shrubs, usually 1–3 m tall. Young branches triquetrous, with sparse appressed short hairs or glabrous; older parts terete, glabrescent. Petiole bisulcate or convex above, often winged along both sides, ridged beneath, 0.5–6 cm, sparsely shortly appressed hairy or glabrous; leaflets obovate, oblong, or ovate to narrowly ovate or elliptic, rarely linear, terminal one 1.2–5 × 0.8–3 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy or glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or cuneate, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels rarely present, linear, 1–2 mm. Racemes 3–26 cm, sometimes paniculate; rachis and pedicels with sparse appressed or ascending short hairs or glabrescent; pedicels 3–10 mm. Calyx with ± dense appressed short hairs; tube 2–2.5 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, lower lobe 3–4.5 mm, longer than others, upper lobe 2–2.5 mm, lateral lobes 2–2.5 mm. Corolla yellow or purple; standard elliptic, 9–11 mm, apex obtuse; wings 9–10.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 12–15 mm, clawed at base. Ovary narrowly ovoid, 2.2–2.5 mm, shortly hairy; style 8–8.5 mm. Pods obliquely obovoid, 6–8 × 4–4.5 mm, shortly ascending hairy, apex rounded. Seeds purplish brown, oblong, 3–3.7 × ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jul–Nov, fr. Oct–Dec.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins, forests, grasslands, roadsides; 1000–3000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
The whole plant is used medicinally for reducing fever and relieving coughs. The roots are used for treating mastitis and strokes.
1a.. Flowers yellow; plants glabrescent ......................................................... 29a. var. trigonoclada
1b.. Flowers purple; young branches, abaxial surface of leaflets and inflorescence rachis pubescent 29b. var. bonatiana
三棱枝杭子梢 (原变种) san leng zhi hang zhi shao (yuan bian zhong)
Lespedeza trigonoclada Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 167. 1890; Campylotropis alata Schindler; C. balfouriana (Diels ex Schindler) Schindler; L. alata (Schindler) H. Léveillé; L. angulicaulis Harms ex Schindler; L. balfouriana Diels ex Schindler; L. trigonoclada var. angustifolia Pampanini; L. trigonoclada f. intermedia Pampanini.
Plants glabrescent. Flowers yellow.
* Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
马尿藤 ma niao teng
Lespedeza bonatiana Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 19. 1910; Campylotropis bonatiana (Pampanini) Schindler; C. franchetiana Lingelsheim & Borza.
Young branches, abaxial surface of leaflets, and inflorescence rachis pubescent. Flowers purple. Fl. and fr. Aug–Dec.
* Mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins, forests, roadsides, grasslands; 1200–3000 m. Yunnan.
The whole plant is used medicinally for treating strokes, influenza, nephritis, and skin diseases.
秋杭子梢 qiu hang zi shao
Shrubs, ca. 2 m tall. Young branches sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 2–7 cm, sparsely shortly appressed hairy; leaflets broadly obovate to elliptic, terminal one 2–5 × 1.7–4 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes 1.5–9 cm, usually paniculate; pedicels 3–7 mm, shortly ascending hairy. Calyx with sparse appressed short hairs; tube 2–2.2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–2.4 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, ca. 10 mm, apex obtuse; wings ca. 9.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 13–14.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm; style incurved, ca. 7 mm. Pod obliquely narrowly obovoid, 9–11 × 3.5–4 mm, glabrous, apex rounded.
* Yunnan.
小叶杭子梢 xiao ye hang zi shao
Campylotropis yajiangensis P. Y. Fu.
Shrublets, 0.3–1 m tall. Young branches sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 0.1–1.4 cm, with sparse appressed short hairs; leaflets obdeltoid to obcordate or obovate, terminal one 0.4–0.9 × 0.3–0.8 cm, abaxially sparsely or ± densely shortly appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base obtuse or cuneate, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels absent. Racemes axillary or terminal, 1–12 cm; rachis and pedicels with sparse ascending short hairs, rarely mixed with glandular hairs; pedicels 0.8–3 mm. Calyx ± densely shortly ascending hairy, rarely mixed with glandular hairs; tube 1.5–2 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.6–2 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 11–12 mm, apex obtuse; wings 10–11 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 11–13 mm, clawed at base. Ovary ca. 3.5 mm, puberulent; style incurved, ca. 6.6 mm. Pod obliquely narrowly ovoid, 8–12 × 3.5–5 mm, with ascending short hairs, apex obtuse. Seeds obliquely oblong. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
* Mountain slopes, rocky places; 1500–2200 m. Sichuan.
滇杭子梢 dian hang zi shao
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Young branches sparsely shortly appressed hairy. Petiole 1.6–5.1 cm, glabrous or sparsely shortly appressed hairy; leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate or narrowly oblong to oblong, terminal one 1.8–9 × 0.3–3 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely shortly appressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base obtuse or rounded, apex retuse and mucronulate; stipels present at top of petioles, linear, 1–3 mm, sometimes also present at top of rachis. Racemes 1.5–15 cm, sometimes paniculate at apex; rachis hairy; pedicels 2.5–14 mm, hairy. Calyx ± densely appressed or ascending shortly hairy; tube 1.5–2.7 mm; lobes narrowly triangular, 1.2–2 mm. Corolla purple; standard elliptic, 9.5–10.5 mm, apex obtuse; wings 8.5–10.5 mm, clawed at base; keel incurved, 12.5–15.5 mm, clawed at base. Ovary 2.5–3 mm; style incurved, 7.5–9 mm. Pod obliquely oblong, 8–12 × 4–5 mm, lateral surface glabrous, apex obtuse. Seeds reddish brown, obliquely oblong, 3.5–4.5 × 2–2.7 mm.
* Mountain slopes, valleys, thickets, forest margins; 1400–2800 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
1a.. Inflorescence rachis and pedicels ascending or spreading shortly hairy; pedicels 2.5–5(–7) mm 30a. subsp. yunnanensis
1b.. Inflorescence rachis and pedicels sparsely shortly appressed hairy; pedicels 5–14 mm 30b. subsp. filipes
滇杭子梢 (原变种) dian hang zi shao (yuan bian zhong)
Lespedeza yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 166. 1890; Campylotropis yunnanensis var. zhongdianensis P. Y. Fu.
Inflorescence rachis and pedicels ascending or spreading shortly hairy; pedicels 2.5–5(–7) mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Dec.
* Mountain slopes, valleys, thickets, forest margins; 1400–2800 m. Yunnan.
丝梗杭子梢 si geng hang zi shao
Campylotropis filipes Ricker, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 37. 1946; C. yunnanensis var. filipes (Ricker) P. Y. Fu.
Inflorescence rachis and pedicels sparsely shortly appressed hairy; pedicels 5–14 mm.
* Mountain slopes, forest margins, thickets; 1900–2800 m. Sichuan.
胡枝子属 hu zhi zi shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi, T. Nemoto
Subshrubs, shrubs, or perennial herbs. Leaves pinnately compound, 3-foliolate; stipule small, subulate or linear, persistent or caducous; stipels absent; leaflets entire. Racemes axillary or flowers fasciculate; bracts persistent, 2-flowered at each bract; bracteoles 2, often persistent; flowers often dimorphic: corollate or not (cleistogamous plants). Calyx campanulate; tube short; lobes 5, upper 2 often connate at base. Corolla exserted; standard oblong or obovate; wings oblong, straight, clawed, auriculate, connivent with keel; keel obtuse and incurved. Stamens 10, diadelphous, (9 + 1), equal. Ovary superior, 1-ovuled; style incurved; stigma terminal. Pod ovoid, obovoid, or ellipsoidal, rarely slightly globose, lenticular, indehiscent, reticulate veined, 1-seeded.
About 60 species: E Asia to India and North America, introduced to Malesia to NE Australia; 25 species throughout China except for Xinjiang.
Because most species can tolerate arid soils, they are good for soil conservation and sand stabilization. They are also used as honey plants and for nitrogen fixation. The young shoots and leaves are used as forage for livestock and as green manure.
1a. Flowers all chasmogamous, usually longer than 10 mm, in compound racemes; standard usually pink to rose-purple, rarely yellowish or white; loments shortly stipitate; shrubs to subshrubs [subg. Macrolespedeza].
2a. Peduncles almost sessile, inflorescences not longer than subtending leaves; lateral and lowermost calyx lobes acuminate to caudate.
3a. Leaflets ovate, elliptic, or obovate to broadly obovate; bracteoles nearly 1/2 as long as calyx tube; wings longer than keels; pods globose, less than 7 mm long ........................... 1. L. cyrtobotrya
3b. Leaflets ovate-oblong; bracteoles ca. as long as calyx tube; wings equal to keels; pods oblong, 13--15 mm long; pods ellipsoid ...................................................................................... 2. L. fordii
2b. Peduncles distinct, inflorescences longer than subtending leaves; lateral and lowermost calyx lobes obtuse or acute to acuminate.
4a. Winter buds depressed, scales distichously arranged; leaflets sharply acute, rarely obtuse; branches woody.
5a. Corolla pale yellow; calyx lobes acute and not spine-pointed at apex ..... 3. L. buergeri
5b. Corolla red-purple; calyx lobes acuminate to caudate and spine-tipped at apex.
6a. Leaflets acute and sharply pointed at apex; standard longer than keel 5. L. maximowiczii
6b. Leaflets obtuse to rounded or retuse at apex; standard shorter than keel 7. L. dunnii
4b. Winter buds thickened, scales spirally arranged; branches herbaceous to herbaceous-woody; leaflets rounded, obtuse, or acute.
7a. Lateral calyx lobes ovate or triangular to narrowly ovate, apically acute to shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, less than 2.5 mm; keel claw nearly as long as keel lamina; pods orbicular 8. L. bicolor
7b. Lateral calyx lobes narrowly ovate to narrowly triangular, apically acuminate, longer than 4 mm; keel claw nearly ½ as long as keel lamina; pods globose-ellipsoid to ellipsoid.
8a. Stems distinctly angled, densely spreading tomentose; leaflets thickly papery, broadly ovate-elliptic; calyx lobes long acuminate; pods ovoid ............................................. 6. L. davidii
8b. Stems terete or striate, appressed sericeous; leaflets papery, usually ovate-elliptic; calyx lobes acute to acuminate; pods ellipsoid ......................................................... 4. L. thunbergii
1b. Flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous (except L. forrestii), usually less than 10 mm long (except L. gerardiana), in ± elongated racemes of chasmogamous flowers with basal fascicles of cleistogamous flowers, or composed only of fasciculate racemes of cleistogamous flowers; standard white to yellowish or purplish; loments sessile or subsessile; herbs to subshrubs [subg. Lespedeza].
9a. Stems procumbent to weakly ascending, spreading pilose, rarely appressed sericeous.
10a. Leaflets narrowly obovate; stem short, usually less than 20 cm; corolla pink to purplish red; cleistogamous flowers and pods unknown .................................................................... 11. L. forrestii
10b. Leaflets broadly obovate or broadly elliptic to orbicular; stem elongated, more than 30 cm; both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers and pods known.
11a. Leaflet apex rounded, with visible reticulate venation adaxially, lateral veins arcuate along margin; corolla yellow-white or white; plants densely spreading pilose ................... 9. L. pilosa
11b. Leaflet apex emarginate, without visible reticulate venation adaxially, lateral veins reaching margin; corolla reddish purple; plants spreading pilose, rarely appressed sericeous 10. L. fasciculiflora
9b. Stems erect or strongly ascending, mostly appressed sericeous.
12a. Stems densely tomentose, distinctly striate; leaflets usually thickly chartaceous; racemes with chasmogamous flowers long exserted from subtending leaf, with numerous cleistogamous flowers at base; corolla white to cream .................................................. 14. L. tomentosa
12b. Stems appressed sericeous; leaflets papery to chartaceous, with or without visible reticulate veins abaxially; corolla white, yellowish, or pink to reddish purple.
13a. Leaflets elliptic (ratio length: width 3:2), narrowly elliptic-obovate (ratio length: width 3:1-6:1) with visible (with lens) reticulate venation or a thin central vein between principle lateral veins; peduncle usually more than 2 mm.
14a. Leaflets narrowly elliptic-obovate (ratio length: width 3:1-6:1); calyx lobes ca. 2 × as long as tube.
15a. Leaflets narrowly elliptic (ratio length: width ca. 3:1), large ones more than 5 mm wide; pedicel ca. 1 mm; lateral calyx lobes narrowly ovate-acuminate, distinctly veined in flower .................................................................................. 22. L. inschanica
15b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (ratio length: width ca. 6:1), large ones less than 5 mm wide; pedicel 3–4 mm; lateral calyx lobes narrowly triangular, inconspicuously veined in flower ............................................................... 21. L. juncea
14b. Leaflets elliptic (ratio length: width ca. 3:2) to narrowly elliptic (ratio length: width 3:1); calyx lobes more than 3 × as long as tube.
16a. Leaflet with a thin central vein between principle lateral veins; inflorescence usually densely several- to ca. 10-flowered.
17a. Flowers white; calyx lobes linear to narrowly triangular (ratio length: width 12:1 to 6:1); bracteoles longer than calyx tube; cleistogamous pods with caudate apex 18. L. chinensis
17b. Flowers reddish purple; calyx lobes narrowly ovate (ratio length: width 6:1); bracteoles shorter than calyx tube; cleistogamous pods with rounded apex 12. L. floribunda
16b. Leaflet with reticulate venation between principle lateral veins; inflorescence laxly few flowered or densely flowered.
18a. Leaflets elliptic (ratio length: width ca. 3:2); inflorescence laxly few flowered; peduncles filiform, glabrous; pedicel sessile to less than 1 mm; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube ................................................................... 13. L. virgata
18b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic to elliptic (ratio length: width 3:1 to 2:1); inflorescence densely flowered; peduncles pubescent; pedicel 1–3 mm; bracteoles longer than calyx tube .................................................................................. 15. L. daurica
13b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (ratio length: width 3:1) to linear (ratio length: width 12:1), without visible reticulate venation between principle lateral veins; inflorescence sessile or pedunculate; peduncle 2 mm or less (except C. caraganae).
19a. Leaflets narrowly obovate (ratio length: width 6:1) above middle; flowers more than 10 mm long; calyx with lobes 5–6 mm, bracteoles distinct, 4–5 mm 23. L. gerardiana
19b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic (ratio length: width 3:1) to linear (ratio length: width 12:1); flowers less than 10 mm long; calyx with lobes less than 3 mm, bracteoles minute, less than 3 mm.
20a. Leaflets narrowly elliptic (ratio length: width 6:1) to linear; principle lateral veins reaching margin and then running upward along margin: lateral calyx lobes sharply narrowly triangular (more than 3 × as long as tube); peduncle 2 mm or more 19. L. caraganae
20b. Leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (ratio length: width 6:1 to 3:1); principle lateral veins not reaching margin but running upward within margin; lateral calyx lobes narrowly triangular or slightly narrowly ovate (less than 3 × as long as tube); peduncle sessile or less than 2 mm.
21a. Flowers reddish purple; corolla almost or more than 2 × as long as calyx; lateral calyx lobes narrowly ovate; abaxial surface of leaflets densely sericeous with rather thick hairs ..................................................................... 24. L. lichiyuniae
21b. Flowers white; corolla 1.3–1.5 × as long as calyx; lateral calyx lobes narrowly triangular.
22a. Abaxial surface of leaflets densely appressed or ascending pubescent; bracteoles more than 1.5 mm, longer than calyx tube; calyx densely pubescent, lobes with 3–5 conspicuous veins in flower; corolla 1.3–1.5 × as long as calyx 25. L. hispida
22b. Abaxial surface of leaflets sparsely appressed pubescent; bracteoles less than 1.5 mm, almost equal or shorter than calyx tube; calyx sparsely appressed pubescent; corolla more than 1.5 × as long as calyx .................. 20. L. cuneata
短梗胡枝子 duan geng hu zhi zi
Shrubs, erect, 1–3 m tall, much branched. Branchlets adpressed pilose. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2.5 cm; leaflets broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic, or obovate, terminal one 1.5–4.5 × 1–3 cm, abaxially adpressed pilose, adaxially glabrous, apex rounded or emarginate, apiculate. Racemes axillary, shorter than subtending leaves, rarely subequal to leaves. Peduncle short or subsessile. Pedicel short, white hairy. Calyx 2–2.5 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate. Corolla reddish purple, ca. 1.1 cm; standard obovate, base clawed; wings oblong, ca. 1/3 shorter than standard and keel, base distinctly auriculate, clawed; keel subequal to standard, base auriculate, clawed. Pod obliquely ovoid, slightly flat, 6–7 × ca. 5 mm, densely hairy, reticulate veined. Fl Jul–Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes, thickets, forests; below 1500 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia].
The branchlets are used for making baskets, and the leaves as forage for livestock.
广东胡枝子 guang dong hu zhi zi
Lespedeza anhweiensis Ricker; L. paradoxa Ricker.
Shrubs, erect, ca. 40 cm tall. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole ca. 1 cm, glabrous; leaflets ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblong, terminal one 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, abaxially adpressed pubescent or subglabrous, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex rounded or emarginate, apiculate. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaves. Pedicel ca. 3.5 mm. Calyx 4–5 mm, 5-lobed to below middle, upper 2 lobes connate to middle. Corolla purplish red, 7–8 mm; standard broadly obovate, base auriculate, shortly clawed; wings narrowly oblong, shorter than standard and keel, base auriculate, clawed; keel slightly obliquely obovate, slightly longer than standard, narrowly clawed. Ovary hairy. Pod oblong-ellipsoidal, flat, ca. 1.5 cm, adpressed hairy, apiculate. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
* Mountain slopes, roadsides, valleys; below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
绿叶胡枝子 lu ye hu zhi zi
Lespedeza bracteolata Ricker; L. buergeri f. angustifolia Makino.
Shrubs, erect, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets sparsely hairy. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–5 cm; leaflets ovate-elliptic, terminal one 3–7 × 1.3–2.5 cm, abaxially adpressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base slightly acute or obtuse-rounded, apex acute. Racemes axillary or in panicles at upper part of branchlets. Calyx ca. 4 mm, 5-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate or ovate, densely villous. Corolla pale yellowish green, ca. 1 cm; standard nearly orbicular, base auriculate, shortly clawed; wings elliptic-oblong, base auriculate, clawed, sometimes apex slightly purple; keel obovate-oblong, slightly longer than standard, base distinctly auriculate, long clawed. Ovary hairy. Pod oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm, villous, reticulate veined. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Mountain slopes, forests, roadsides, ditches; below 1500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan].
日本胡枝子 ri ben hu zhi zi
Shrubs or perennial herbs, erect, 1–3 m tall, much branched, pilose. [Stem indumentum and shape??] Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–5 cm, pubescent; leaflets elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or ovate, rarely obovate, terminal one 2.5–6 × 1–3 cm, abaxially adpressed pubescent, adaxially puberulent or glabrescent, rarely glabrous, both ends slightly acute or obtuse. Racemes simple, axillary, longer than leaves, or branched in panicles, terminal; peduncle to 10 cm, pubescent. Pedicel short, hairy. Calyx 4–7 mm, 5-lobed; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 1–4 × as long as tube. Corolla reddish purple or more rarely white, 1–1.5 cm; standard nearly orbicular or slightly long, auriculate, clawed; wings obovate-oblong, 7–8 mm, auriculate, clawed; keel longer than or equal to standard, distinctly longer than wings, auriculate, clawed. Pod obovoid or obovoid-oblong, ca. 8 × 4 mm, pilose, reticulate veined. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 40@.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, roadsides, thickets; below 2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea].
1a.. Flower 3–4 × as long as calyx; lateral calyx lobe nearly equal to or slightly shorter than the calyx tube 4b. subsp. formosa
1b.. Flower 2–3 × as long as the calyx; lateral calyx lobe longer than or equal to the calyx tube.
2a.. Lateral calyx lobes usually 1–1.5 × as long as calyx tube ..................... 4a. subsp. thunbergii
2b.. Lateral calyx lobes usually 1.5–3 × as long as calyx tube ......................... 4c. subsp. elliptica
日本胡枝子 （原亚种） RI BEN HU ZHI ZI (YUAN YA ZHONG)
Desmodium thunbergii A. de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 337. 1825; Lespedeza formosa (Vogel) Koehne f. albiflora (Ricker) L. H. Lou, nom. invalid; L. formosa var. albiflora Schindler, not C. K. Schneider; L. formosa subsp. velutina (Nakai) S. Akiyama & H. Ohba; L. japonica L. H. Bailey var. albiflora (Miquel) Nakai; L. japonica var. angustifolia (Nakai) Nakai; L. liukiuensis Hatusima; L. penduliflora (Oudem.) Nakai; L. sieboldii Miquel.
Shrubs or perennial herbs. Lateral calyx lobes usually 1–1.5 × as long as calyx tube.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, roadsides, thickets; below 2800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea].
美丽胡枝子 mei li hu zhi zi
Desmodium formosum Vogel, Nova. Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19. (Suppl. 1): 29. 1843; Lespedeza albiflora Ricker; L. bicolor Turczaninow subsp. formosa (Vogel) P. S. Hsu, X. Y. Li & D. X. Gu; L. chekiangensis Ricker; L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne; L. formosa var. pubescens (Hayata) S. S. Ying; L. patens auct. non Nakai: Li & Chen in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 41: 140 (1995); L. penduliflora (Oudem.) Nakai subsp. cathayana P. S. Hsu; L. pubescens Hayata; L. viatorum Champion ex Bentham; L. wilfordii Ricker.[An important name in Hort. referring also to Chinese material is L. japonica L.H. Bailey var. albiflora Nakai which appears closest to this taxon. Since I. japonica var. angustifolia is noted above, it would be useful to also fix this synonym.]
Subshrubs. Adaxial surface of leaflets puberulent or rarely glabrescent. Flower 3–4 × as long as calyx; lateral calyx lobe nearly equal to or slightly shorter than the calyx tube.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, roadsides, thickets; below 2800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
椭圆叶胡枝子 TUO YUAN YE HU ZHI ZI
Lespedeza bicolor Turczaninow subsp. elliptica (Bentham ex Maximowicz) P. S. Hsu, X. Y. Li & D. X. Gu; L. elliptica Bentham ex Maximowicz; L. formosa subsp. elliptica (Bentham ex Maximowicz) S. Akiyama & H. Ohba.
Subshrubs. Lateral calyx lobes usually 1.5–3 × as long as calyx tube.
Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [E. India].
宽叶胡枝子 kuan ye hu zhi zi
Lespedeza buergeri Miquel var. praecox Nakai; L. friebeana Schindler.
Shrubs, erect, much branched, white pilose. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–4.5 cm, pilose; leaflets abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, terminal one 3–6(–9) × 2–4 cm, abaxially adpressed pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent, base rounded or rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate to acute, mucronate. Racemes axillary or in terminal panicles, overtopping leaves; peduncle 3–5 cm. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, pubescent. Calyx 4–5 mm, middle 4-lobed; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex. Corolla purplish red; standard obovate, 9–10 mm, base clawed, apex emarginate; wings oblong, 6–8 mm, auriculate, slender clawed; keel slightly falcate, 8–9 mm, auriculate, slender clawed. Ovary hairy. Pod ovoid-elliptic, ca. 9 × 10 mm, pubescent, reticulate veined. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 20.
Mountain slopes, forests; below 1000 m. Anhui, Henan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
大叶胡枝子 da ye hu zhi zi
Lespedeza davidii var. exalata L. H. Lou; L. hupehensis Ricker; L. merrillii Ricker.
Shrubs, erect, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets distinctly angular, densely villous. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–4 cm, densely hispidulous; leaflets broadly ovate or broadly obovate, terminal one 3.5–7(–13) × 2.5–5(–8) cm, both surfaces densely yellowish white sericeous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate. Racemes axillary or in panicles at apex of branchlets, longer than leaves; peduncle 4–7 cm, densely villous. Calyx ca. 6 mm, 5-lobed, villous; lobes lanceolate, more than 2 × as long as tube, acuminate. Corolla reddish purple; standard obovate-oblong, 1–1.1 cm × ca. 5 mm, auriculate, shortly clawed; wings narrowly oblong, shorter than standard and keel, auriculate, slender clawed; keel petals slightly falcate, subequal to standard, distinctly auriculate and clawed. Ovary densely hairy. Pod ovoid, 8–10 mm, somewhat densely sericeous, reticulate veined. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22@.
Arid mountain slopes, roadsides, thickets; ca. 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, ?Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, naturalized].
Because this species tolerates arid soils, it is used for soil conservation.
Lespedeza merrillii Ricker was described from Zhejiang (Lingnan Sci. J. 20: 202. 1942). Its description is based on a single specimen (C. Y. Chiao 14377). Ricker said that this species is nearest to Lespedeza davidii Franchet, but at once distinguished from it by the sparsely appressed, instead of velvety, pubescence of the stems and longer calyx teeth. One of us (Huang) follows Li and Chen (1995) retaining L. merrillii here due to the lack of specimens. Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) regard this species as merely a glabrous form of L. davidii.
春花胡枝子 chun hua hu zhi zi
Lespedeza metcalfii Ricker; L. stottsae L. H. Bailey.
Shrubs, erect, much branched, puberulent or tomentose. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 7–10 mm, yellow or white pubescent; leaflets narrowly obovate or ovate-elliptic, terminal one 3–5.5 × ca. 2 cm, abaxially villous or sericeous, adaxially pilose, base rounded, apex rounded or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, 4–5 cm, longer than leaves, densely shortly and spreading tomentose. Pedicel 1–5 mm, densely hairy. Calyx 5–9 mm, 5-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla purplish red, ca. 1 cm; standard obovate, base shortly clawed, apex emarginate; wings oblong, slightly shorter than standard and keel, auriculate, clawed; keel obliquely obovate, subequal to standard, clawed. Ovary densely hairy. Pod oblong-elliptic, ca. 8 mm, densely hairy, both ends acute, apex long rostrate. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
* Coniferous forests, mountain slopes, roadsides; ca. 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, ?Zhejiang.
胡枝子 hu zhi zi
Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica Nakai; L. bicolor f. pendula S. L. Tung & Z. Lu; L. ionocalyx Nakai; L. veitchii Ricker.
Shrubs, erect, 1–3 m tall, much branched. Branchlets sparsely pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–7(–9) cm; leaflets abaxially pale green, adaxially green, ovate, obovate, or ovate-oblong, terminal one 1.5–6 × 1–3.5 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse-rounded or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, longer than leaves, often branched in large lax panicles; peduncle 4–10 cm. Pedicel ca. 2 mm, densely hairy. Calyx ca. 5 mm, 5-lobed; lobes shorter than tube. Corolla reddish purple, ca. 1 cm; standard obovate, apex emarginate; wings suboblong, short, base auriculate, clawed; keel subequal to standard, base long clawed, apex obtuse. Ovary hairy. Pod obliquely obovoid, slightly flat, ca. 10 × 5 mm, densely pubescent, reticulate veined. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 22@.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, roadsides, thickets, forests; 100–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ?Mongolia, Russia].
The seed oil is used as a lubricant, the leaves as a tea substitute, and the branchlets for making baskets. Because this species tolerates arid soils, it is grown as a windbreak, and for sand stabilization, and soil conservation.
铁马鞭 tie ma bian
Hedysarum pilosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 288. 1784; Desmodium pilosum (Thunberg) A. de Candolle; Lespedeza nantcianensis Pampanini.
Herbs, perennial, densely villous throughout. Stems procumbent, 60–100 cm, slender. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.6–1.5 cm; leaflets broadly obovate or obovate, terminal one 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm, base rounded or subrounded, apex rounded, subrounded, or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, shorter than leaves; peduncle short. Calyx 5-parted; lobes lanceolate, upper 2 connate at base. Corolla yellowish white or white; standard elliptic, 7–8 mm, clawed; wings shorter than standard and keel. Cleistogamous flowers often 1–3, crowded in leaf axils on upper stem, sessile or subsessile, fruit-bearing. Pod broadly ovoid, 3–4 mm, convex, both surfaces densely villous, apex acute-rostrate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 20.
Waste slopes, grasslands; below 1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The whole plant is used medicinally for invigorating the stomach and as a sedative.
束花铁马鞭 shu hau tie ma bian
Lespedeza monnoyeri H. Léveillé.
Herbs, perennial, 60–80 cm tall. Stems much branched at base, procumbent or ascending, densely white hirtose or adpressed strigulose. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets obcordate or obtriangular, terminal one 4–9 × 2–7 mm, abaxially densely villous or hoary, adaxially sparsely hairy, subglabrous, or sparsely strigulose, base cuneate, apex emarginate or subtruncate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, distinctly overtopping leaves; peduncle densely hirtose. Calyx ca. 7 mm, 5-parted; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla pink, pale purplish red, white, or yellowish, slightly overtopping calyx; standard obovate, ca. 1.3 × 0.6 cm, claw with auriculate appendage at upper part; wings oblong, ca. 5 × 1 mm (claw ca. 2.5 mm); keel subequal to standard. Cleistogamous flowers in leaf axils, sessile, fruit-bearing. Pod narrowly ovoid, subequal to persistent calyx, densely hirtose, apex long rostrate.
* Sandy grasslands on high mountains, thickets in dry river valleys; 1600–3000 m. ?Guizhou, W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
1a.. Stems and branchlets densely white hirtose; leaflets obcordate, 4–9 × 4–7 mm, abaxially densely villous 10a. var. fasciculiflora
1b.. Stems and branchlets adpressed strigulose; leaflets obtriangular, 4–7 × 2–4 mm, abaxially densely hoary 10b. var. hengduanshanensis
束花铁马鞭 (原变种) shu hua tie ma bian (yuan bian zhong)
Lespedeza floribunda Bunge var. fasciculiflora (Franchet) Schindler; L. monnoyeri H. Léveillé.
Stems and branchlets densely white hirtose. Leaflets obcordate, terminal one 4–9 × 4–7 mm, abaxially densely villous, adaxially sparsely hairy or subglabrous. Corolla pink or pale purplish red. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Feb.
* Sandy grasslands on high mountains; 1600–3000 m. W Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan.
横断山铁马鞭 heng duan shan tie ma bian
Stems and branchlets adpressed strigulose. Leaflets obtriangular, terminal one 4–7 × 2–4 mm, abaxially densely hoary, adaxially sparsely strigulose. Corolla white or yellowish. Fl. Aug–Sep.
* Thickets of dry river valleys; 1800–2600 m. Sichuan, Xizang.
Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) believe that L. fasciculiflora var. hengduanshanensis C. J. Chen is included within a range of morphological variation of var. fasciculiflora.
矮生胡枝子 ai sheng hu zhi zi
Lespedeza pampaninii H. Léveillé; L. variegata Cambessedes var. cinerascens Franchet.
Subshrubs, to 20 cm tall; densely spreading white villous throughout. Rhizome creeping; stems numerous, simple, procumbent or ascending. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets oblong-linear, terminal one 1–2.5 × 0.3–0.6 cm, base cuneate, apex emarginate or obtuse, mucronate. Flowers 1–3, axillary. Calyx 7–8 mm, 5-parted; upper 2 lobes connate at base, free at apex. Corolla pink, with purple spots, ca. 2 × as long as calyx; standard broadly elliptic, ca. 10 × 5 mm, claw with incurved appendage at upper part; wings oblong, ca. 10 × 2.5 mm, base auriculate and long clawed, apex obtuse; keel ca. 9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary pilose, funiculate. Fruit not seen. Fl. Jun–Sep.
* Mountain slopes, thickets; 2200–2800 m. Sichuan, Yunnan.
多花胡枝子 duo hua hu zhi zi
Lespedeza dielsiana Schindler; L. floribunda var. alopecuroides Franchet; L. stottasae Bailey.
Subshrubs, small, 30–60(–100) cm tall. Branchlets grayish white tomentose. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets obovate, broadly obovate, or oblong, terminal one 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.9 cm, abaxially densely white adpressed pubescent, adaxially sparsely adpressed hairy, base cuneate, apex emarginate, obtuse-rounded, or subtruncate, mucronate. Racemes axillary; peduncle slender, distinctly overtopping leaves. Flowers numerous. Calyx 4–5 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, upper 2 lobes connate at lower part, free above. Corolla purple, purplish red, or bluish purple; standard elliptic, ca. 8 mm, base clawed, apex rounded; wings slightly short; keel longer than standard, apex obtuse. Pod broadly ovoid, ca. 7 mm, overtopping persistent calyx, densely pubescent, reticulate veined. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
Rocky mountain slopes; below 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, SW Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, ?Zhejiang [India and Pakistan, naturalized in Japan].
Following Li and Chen (1995), one of us (Huang) retains Lespedeza stollasae Bailey (Gentes Herb. 1: 32. 1920) described from Jigongshan, Henan, and L. dielsiana Schindler described from Sichuan (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 404. 1912) here in synonymy due to the lack of authentic specimens. Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) also regard these species as conspecific with L. floribunda.
细梗胡枝子 xi geng hu zhi zi
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, small, 20–50 cm tall, sometimes to 1 m. Stems branched at base; branchlets purple, thin, adpressed white pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm, adpressed white hairy; leaflets elliptic, oblong, or ovate-oblong, terminal one (0.6–)1–3.5 × 0.4–1.5 cm, abaxially densely adpressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded, apex rounded or obtuse-rounded, sometimes emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, laxly flowered, often 3-flowered; peduncle thin, filiform or stouter, distinctly overtopping leaves, adpressed white or spreading hairy. Pedicel short. Calyx 4–7 mm. Standard white, ca. 6 mm, with purple spots at base; wings shorter; keel longer than standard or subequal. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils, sessile, fruit-bearing. Pod nearly orbicular, often not overtopping calyx.
Rocky mountain slopes, mountain forests, roadsides, thickets; below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
1a.. Flowering peduncles thin, filiform, adpressed white pubescent; calyx 4–6 mm; leaflets thinner, often elliptic-oblong ........................................................................................................... 13a. var. virgata
1b.. Flowering peduncles stouter, spreading hairy; calyx ca. 7 mm; leaflets thicker, ovate-oblong 13b. var. macrovirgata
细梗胡枝子 (原变种) xi geng hu zhi zi (yuan bian zhong)
Hedysarum virgatum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 288. 1784; L. swinhoei Hance.
Leaflets often elliptic or oblong, terminal one (0.6–)1–2(–3) × 0.4–1(–1.5) cm, abaxially densely adpressed pubescent. Flowering peduncle thin, filiform, adpressed white pubescent. Calyx 4–6 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
Rocky mountain slopes, foot of mountains, roadsides, thickets; below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
大细梗胡枝子 da xi geng hu zhi zi
Lespedeza macrovirgata Kitagawa, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 100. 1934.
Leaflets often ovate-oblong, terminal one 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially spreading hairy. Flowering peduncle relatively stout, not filiform, spreading hairy. Calyx ca. 7 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* S Liaoning.
Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) regard var. macrovirgata as a hybrid between Lespedeza tomentosa and L. virgata, i.e., L. X macrovirgata.
绒毛胡枝子 rong mao hu zhi zi
Hedysarum tomentosum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 286. 1784; Desmodium tomentosum (Thunberg) A. de Candolle; H. coriaceum Poiret; H. villosa Willdenow; Lespedeza hirta Miquel (??year), non Linnaeus (??year); L. macrophylla Bunge; L. villosa Persoon [L. tomentosa var. globiracemosa S. L. Tung & Z. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(4): 101. 1988??].
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, to 1 m tall, densely yellowish brown tomentose throughout. Stems simple or branched above. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 2–3 cm; leaflets elliptic or ovate-oblong, terminal one 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm, margin slightly involute, apex obtuse or emarginate. Racemes terminal or axillary at upper part of stem; peduncle 4–8(–12) cm, stout. Pedicel short. Calyx ca. 6 mm, 5-parted; lobes narrowly lanceolate, ca. 4 mm. Corolla yellow or yellowish white; standard elliptic, ca. 1 cm; wings shorter, oblong; keel subequal to standard. Cleistogamous flowers in leaf axils of upper stems. Pod obovoid, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, apex shortly acute. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct.
Arid mountain slopes, grasslands, thickets; below 1000 m except in Xinjiang and Xizang. Widely distributed throughout China [India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia].
兴安胡枝子 xing an hu zhi zi
Trifolium dauricum Laxmann, Novi. Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 15: 560. 1771; Hedysarum trichocarpum Stephan ex Willdenow; Lespedeza daurica subsp. huangheensis C. J. Chen; L. daurica var. genuina Vassiliev, nom. invalid??; L. daurica var. sessilis Vassiliev; L. fauriei H. Léveillé; L. daurica var. shimadae (Masamune) Masamune & Hosokawa; L. feddeana Schindler; L. medicaginoides Bunge; L. shimadae Masamune; L. trichocarpa (Stephan) Persoon.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, 30–100 cm tall. Stems often ascending, simple or branched at base. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1–2 cm; leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, terminal one 0.8–3 × 0.4–1.6 cm, abaxially adpressed or erect pubescent, adaxially sparsely pubescent or glabrous, base rounded, apex rounded or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, shorter than or ca. as long as leaves; peduncle densely pubescent. Calyx 3–6 mm, 5-parted; lobes lanceolate. Corolla white or yellowish white; standard oblong, ca. 1 cm, mixed with purple at middle, base clawed; wings oblong, short; keel longer than wings. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils, fruit-bearing. Pod obovoid or narrowly obovoid, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, lenticular, pubescent, apex rostrate, enclosed in persistent calyx.
Dry mountain slopes, grasslands, roadsides, sandy soils. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, ?Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
This is a good plant for livestock forage and is used as green manure.
短叶胡枝子 duan ye hu zhizi
Subshrubs, ca. 60 cm tall. Stems erect, tomentose at upper part, downward gradually more sparsely so. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 5–6 mm; leaflets obovate or obcordate, terminal one 1–2 × 1–1.3 cm, abaxially densely hirtose, more densely so on midvein, adaxially sparsely adpressed hairy, base broadly cuneate, apex truncate or emarginate. Racemes axillary, few flowered. Calyx ca. 4 mm, 5-parted; lobes narrowly lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apex aristate. Corolla yellow or white; standard ca. 6 mm, shortly clawed; wings oblong, ca. 7 mm, clawed; keel ca. 7 mm. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils of lower stems, fruit-bearing. Pod ovoid to broadly ovoid, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, slightly overtopping persistent calyx, apex mucronate. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Arid sandy places. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) regard this species as conspecific with Lespedeza chinensis G. Don.
牛枝子 niu zhi zi
Lespedeza daurica Schindler var. prostrata Wang & Fu; L. daurica f. prostrata (Wang & Fu) Kitagawa [L. daurica var. potaninii (V. N. Vass.) Y. X. Liou, Fl. Desert. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 443. 1987??; L. potaninii f. breviracemi S. L. Tung & Z. Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(4): 101. 1988??; L. daurica subsp. potaninii (V. N. Vassil.) C. J. Chen, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 989. 1993??].
Subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall. Stems procumbent or ascending, hispid, much branched at base. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets narrowly oblong, rarely elliptic to broadly elliptic, terminal one 0.8–1.5(–2.2) cm × 3–5(–7) mm, abaxially grayish white hispid, adaxially glabrous, base slightly oblique, apex obtuse-rounded or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary; peduncle long, distinctly overtopping leaves, laxly flowered. Calyx densely villous, 5-parted; lobes lanceolate, 5–8 mm, apex long acuminate, aristate. Corolla yellowish white, slightly overtopping calyx lobes; standard mixed with purple at middle; wings short; keel mixed with purple at apex. Cleistogamous flowers axillary, sessile or subsessile. Pod obovoid, 3–4 mm, lenticular, densely hispid, enclosed in persistent calyx. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct.
* Desert steppes, sandy soils of steppe zone, rocky soils, hills, rocky slopes, foot of mountains. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
This is a good plant for livestock forage. Because it can tolerate arid soils, it is grown for sand stabilization and soil conservation.
Two of us (Ohashi and Nemoto) regard Lespedeza potaninii as conspecific with L. daurica (Laxm.) Schindl.
中华胡枝子 zhong hua hu zhi zi
Lespedeza canescens Ricker; L. chinensis var. nokoensis Ohwi; L. formosensis Hosokawa.
Subshrubs, small, to 1 m tall, adpressed white hairy throughout. Stems erect or diffuse. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole ca. 1 cm; leaflets obovate-oblong, oblong, or ovate-obovate, terminal one 1.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm, margin slightly involute, apex truncate, subtruncate, emarginate, or obtuse, mucronate. Racemes axillary, not overtopping leaves, few flowered; peduncle short. Pedicel 1–2 mm. Calyx 5-parted; lobes narrowly lanceolate. Corolla white or yellow; standard elliptic, ca. 7 × 3 mm, clawed and with 2 auriculate appendages at base; wings narrowly oblong, ca. 6 mm, long clawed; keel ca. 8 mm. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils of lower stems. Pod ovoid, ca. 4 × 2.5–3 mm, reticulate veined, densely adpressed white hairy, base slightly oblique, apex rostrate. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov.
* Thickets, forest margins, roadsides, mountain slopes, grasslands, forests; below 2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
长叶胡枝子 chang ye hu zhi zi
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, ca. 50 cm tall. Stems erect, much angulate, adpressed shortly hairy. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–5 mm, adpressed shortly hairy; leaflets oblong-linear, terminal one 2–4 × 0.2–0.4 cm, abaxially adpressed hairy, adaxially subglabrous, base narrowly cuneate, margin slightly involute, apex obtuse or emarginate, mucronate. Racemes axillary; peduncle 0.5–1 cm, densely adpressed white hairy, 3–5-flowered. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-parted. Corolla white or yellow, distinctly overtopping calyx; standard broadly elliptic, ca. 8 × 5 mm; wings oblong, ca. 7 × 1 mm; keel ca. 8.5 mm, base long clawed, apex obtuse. Pod oblong-ovoid, 4.5–5 × ca. 2 mm, sparsely adpressed white hairy, apex rostrate. Pod of cleistogamous flower obovoid-orbicular, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm, apex shortly rostrate. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Oct.
* Mountain slopes; below 1400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong.
截叶铁扫帚 jie ye tie sao zhou
Anthyllis cuneata Dumon de Courset, Bot. Cult. 6: 100. 1811; Aspalanthus cuneata D. Don; Hedysarum sericeum Thunberg; Lespedeza argyraea Siebold & Zuccarini; L. juncea (Linnaeus f.) Persoon var. sericea (Thunberg) Forbes & Hemsley; L. sericea (Thunberg) Miquel; L. sericea var. latifolia Maximowicz.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, to 1 m tall. Stems erect or ascending, hairy. Leaves crowded, 3-foliolate; petiole short; leaflets cuneate or linear-cuneate, terminal one 1–3 cm × 2–7 mm, abaxially densely adpressed hairy, adaxially subglabrous, base cuneate, apex truncate or subtruncate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, 2–4-flowered; peduncle short. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate. Corolla yellowish or white; standard with purple spots at base; wings subequal to standard; keel slightly long, sometimes mixed with purple at apex. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils. Pod broadly ovoid or subglobose, 2.5–3.5 × ca. 2.5 mm, adpressed hairy. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 20@.
Mountain slopes, roadsides; below 2500 m. ?Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, ?Guizhou, ?Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, ?Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Naturalized in North America and Australia].
尖叶铁扫帚 jian ye tie sao zhou
Hedysarum junceum Linnaeus f., Decas Prima Pl. Hort. Upsal. 1: 7, t. 4 (1762); Hedysarum junceum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1053. 1763; Lespedeza cystoides Nakai; L. hedysaroides (Pallas) Kitagawa; L. hedysaroides var. subsericea (Komarov) Kitagawa; L. hedysaroides var. umbrosa (Komarov) Kitagawa; L. juncea f. umbrosa Komarov; L. juncea var. subsericea Komarov; Trifolium cytisoides Pallas; T. hedysaroides Pallas.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, small, to 1 m tall, adpressed hairy throughout. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.5–1 cm; leaflets oblanceolate, linear-oblong, or narrowly oblong, terminal one 1.5–3.5 cm × 2–7 mm, base attenuate, margin slightly involute, apex acute or obtuse-rounded, mucronate. Racemes axillary, slightly overtopping leaves, 3–7-flowered. Calyx narrowly campanulate, 5-parted; lobes lanceolate, distinctly 3-veined after fruiting. Corolla white or yellowish; standard with purple spots at base, not or rarely reflexed at fruiting; keel mixed with purple at apex; standard and wings subequal to keel, sometimes standard short. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils, subsessile. Pod broadly ovoid, slightly overtopping persistent calyx, both surfaces adpressed white hairy. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 20.
Mountain slopes, thickets; below 1500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
阴山胡枝子 yin shan hu zhi zi
Lespedeza juncea (Linnaeus f.) Persoon var. inschanica Maximowicz, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 371. 1873, [‘inschanicam’]; L. cytisoides Nakai var. inschanica Nakai; L. hedysaroidea (Pallas) Kitagawa var. inschanica (Maximowicz) Kitagawa L. inschanica var. flava S. L. Tung & Z. Lu.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, to 80 cm tall. Stems erect or ascending, pubescent above. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 3–10 mm; leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong, terminal one 1–2.5 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially densely adpressed hairy, adaxially subglabrous, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse-rounded or emarginate. Racemes axillary, subequal to leaves, 2–6-flowered. Calyx 5–6 mm, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate, distinctly 3-veined and ciliate, upper 2 lobes connate above middle. Corolla white; standard suborbicular, ca. 7 × 5.4 mm, base with large purple spots, apex emarginate, reflexed at anthesis; wings oblong, 5–6 × 1–1.5 mm; keel ca. 6.5 mm, often mixed with purple at apex. Pod obovoid, ca. 4 × 2 mm, shorter than persistent calyx, densely adpressed hairy.
Arid mountain slopes, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].
西藏胡枝子 xi zang hu zhi zi
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, 20–30 cm tall. Stem erect or ascending, densely appressed or ascending pubescent. Stipules linear-triangular, 4.8–5.5 × 0.7–1.1 mm, 3- or 4-veined. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 1.6–2.2 mm; leaflets narrowly obovate, terminal one 10–14 × 2.5–4.4 mm, abaxially sericeous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex mucronate. Racemes axillary, slightly longer than subtending leaves, almost sessile, 6-flowered. Pedicel 2.5–3.2 mm, densely appressed or ascending pubescent; bracteoles narrowly ovate, 4–4.8 × ca. 0.9 mm, distinctly longer than calyx tube. Calyx 7.3–9 mm, 5-parted; lobes narrowly triangular, densely appressed or ascending pubescent. Corolla pale yellow, 1.4–1.5 × longer than calyx; standard elliptic, 10.5–12.5 × 5–6 mm, clawed and with 2 auriculate appendages at base; wings obliquely narrowly elliptic, 9.5–11 × 1.5–2 mm, obtuse, slightly auriculate at base, claw ca. 3 mm; keel obliquely elliptic, 10.5–12.5 × 2.8–3.3 mm, apex obtuse. Cleistogamous flowers axillary, sessile, 6-flowered. Pods and seeds unknown (in China). Fl. Sep.
In grass on mountain slopes, at foot of mountains. Xizang [Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan].
紅花截叶铁扫帚 hong hua jie ye tie sao zhou
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, 50–120 cm tall. Stems erect or ascending, ascending or appressed pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole (1.5–)2–15 mm; leaflets narrowly obovate, terminal one 0.7–2.8 × 0.2–0.8 cm, abaxially densely adpressed hairy, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, apex obtuse or truncate, mucronate. Racemes axillary, peduncle short, (1- or)2–4-flowered. Calyx 3–4 mm, 5-parted; lobes appressed or ascending, lanceolate. Corolla pink or pale purple; standard broadly elliptic to circular, 7–7.5 × 5–5.5 mm, base with dark purple spots; wings pale purplish white, narrowly obovate to obovate, 6.7–7.3 × 2–2.3 mm; keel 7.2–7.6 × 2.2–2.7 mm, pale purplish white with dark purple tip. Cleistogamous flowers clustered in leaf axils, sessile. Pods ellipsoid, ca. 2.4 × 1.7–2 mm, slightly longer than persistent calyx, densely adpressed hairy. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. (Sep–)Oct–Nov.
Mountain valleys, sunny mountain slopes; mostly 500–1700 m, sometimes at 250 m or above 2000 or 3000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Naturalized in Japan].
粗硬毛胡枝子 cu ying mao hu zhi zi
Lespedeza juncea Linnaeus f. var. hispida Franchet., Pl. Delavay. 170. 1889; L. sericea f. hispida (Franchet) Schindler.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, to 80 cm tall. Stem erect or ascending, densely spreading or ascending pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 mm, densely spreading or ascending pubescent (or sericeous); leaflets narrowly obtriangular or narrowly obovate, terminal one 7–21.3 × 2.2–6.5 mm, abaxially densely appressed or ascending pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base narrowly cuneate, apex truncate, emarginate or obtuse, mucronate. Racemes axillary, peduncle short, ca. 1 mm, 2–4-flowered. Pedicel 0.7–0.8 mm, pubescent; bracteoles (1.5–)1.7–2.5 mm, longer than calyx tube. Calyx 3.5–5 mm, 5-lobed, densely appressed or ascending pubescent. Corolla white, 1.3–1.5 × as long as calyx; standard elliptic, 5–5.7 × ca. 2.6 mm, inflexed–auriculate at base; wings narrowly or linearly elliptic, ca. 4.7 × 0.8 mm, obviously shorter than other petals; keel obliquely obovate, ca. 6 × 1.8 mm, claw ca. 1.5 mm. Cleistogamous flowers in leaf axils. Pods ovoid, 3.6–4 × 2.3–2.5 mm, shorter than or almost equal to calyx, densely pubescent, base truncate, apex acuminate. Cleistogamous pods 2.7–3 × ca. 2 mm, slightly longer than calyx. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Oct–Nov.
Grassy slopes, sunny roadsides; 1500–2500 m. Xizang, Yunnan [India, Nepal, Pakistan].
鸡眼草属 ji yan cao shu
Huang Puhua; H. Ohashi, T. Nemoto
Herbs, annual, usually much branched. Leaves 3-foliolate; stipules membranous, large and persistent, usually longer than petiole, ciliate. Flowers 1 or 2, usually fascicled in axils of leaf, rarely 3 or more. Bracteoles 4, attached to lower part of calyx. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla pink or purple; standard nearly equal to wings, often shorter than keel. Corolla and staminal column of perfect flowers deciduous at fruiting, corolla and staminal column of cleistogamous flowers clinging to pod and remaining until fruit matures, deciduous. Stamens diadelphous (9 + 1). Ovary 1-ovuled. Pod compressed, 1-jointed, indehiscent, 1-seeded.
Two species: China, Japan, Korea, and Russia.
1a. Branchlets with downward pointing hairs; leaflets with apex usually rounded; stipules long ciliate; pedicel glabrous; pod ca. 2 × as long as calyx or slightly longer ........................................ 1. K. striata
1b. Branchlets with upward pointing hairs; leaflets with apex emarginate; stipules shortly ciliate; pedicel pubescent; pod 2.5–3 × as long as calyx ......................................................................... 2. K. stipulacea
鸡眼草 ji yan cao
Hedysarum striatum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 289. 1784; Lespedeza striata Hooker & Arnott; Microlespedeza striata (Thunberg) Makino.
Herbs, diffuse or prostrate. Stem and branchlets with downward-pointing white hairs. Stipules ovate-oblong, 3–4 mm, longer than petiole, striate, long ciliate. Petiole 1–2 mm; leaflets obovate, narrowly obovate, or oblong, terminal one 0.6–2.2 cm × 3–8 mm, lateral veins dense, base nearly rounded or broadly cuneate, apex rounded, rarely emarginate. Flowers 1–3 in upper axils of leaves. Pedicel ca. 1 cm, glabrous; bracteoles 4, attached to lower part of calyx, one very small one placed at article of pedicel, others larger. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5–6 mm; standard elliptic, base attenuate, clawed, auriculate; keel slightly longer than standard or nearly equal; wings slightly shorter than keel; intermixed with apetalous flowers. Pod orbicular or obovoid, slightly compressed, 3.5–5 mm, ca. 2 × as long as calyx or slightly longer, pubescent, apex mucronate. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 22@.
Sandy soils, streamsides, roadsides, grasslands; below 500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, ?Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, E Russia, Vietnam, naturalized in SE USA].
The whole plant is used medicinally as a diuretic, for reducing fever, and treating diarrhea. It is also used for forage and green manure.
长萼鸡眼草 chang e ji yan cao
Lespedeza stipulacea Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 85. 1859; L. striata Hooker & Arnott var. stipulacea (Maximowicz) Debeaux; Microlespedeza stipulacea (Maximowicz) Makino.
Herbs, prostrate, ascending, or erect. Stem and branches with sparse upward-pointing white hairs. Stipules ovate, 3–8 mm, longer than petiole or sometimes nearly equal, shortly ciliate. Petiole short; leaflets obovate or broadly obovate, terminal one 0.5–1.8 cm × 3–12 mm, base cuneate, apex emarginate or nearly truncate. Flowers 1 or 2, axillary. Pedicel hairy. Calyx broadly campanulate; standard elliptic, shorter than keel, base attenuate, clawed, apex emarginate; wings narrowly lanceolate, nearly equal to standard; keel obtuse, with dark purple spots adaxially, intermixed with apetalous flowers. Pod ovoid or elliptic, ca. 3 mm, usually 2.5–3 × as long as calyx, slightly compressed. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 20, 22@.
Roadsides, grasslands, mountain slopes, stable or semi-stable sand dunes; 100–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia, naturalized in SE USA].
This plant’s uses are the same as those of Kummerowia striata.