POLYPODIACEAE (part 2) [FIRST DRAFT]

水龙骨科shui long gu ke

Lu Shugang（陆树刚）

    Usually terrestrial or epiphytic, sometimes epilithic, usually small to medium-sized, sometimes large ferns with short to long-creeping rhizoma bearing basifixed, pseudopeltate or peltate, clathrate, opaque or hyaline scales that are marginally entire, toothed, ciliate, or lacerate, and provided with at least a terminal glandular cell. Stele dorsiventral, dictyostelic. Leaves close to remote, usually articulate to phyllopodia, mono- or sometimes dimorphic. Petiole variously developed, sometimes winged, variously scaly or glabrous, with several vascular bundles in a U-arrangement. Lamina simple, lobed to pinnatifid and costete, or simply pinnate, rarely bipinnate, pedate, or dichotomously compound. Pinnae costate, often articulate at base, terminal segment, if present, conform to pinnae or the lamina terminally with gradually reduced and confluent divisions. Laminal hairs glandular, usually 2- or 3-celled, sometimes otherwise. Scales often present, variously shaped. Veins free, simple or forked, or variously anastomosing with or without included free veins. Fertile leaves sometimes with contracted laminal parts. Sori usually rounded, sometimes elongate, linear, or sporangia acrostichoid.

POLYPODIACEAE SUBFAM. POLYPODIOIDEAE Nayar

Lu Shugang（陆树刚）

About 7 genera and 60 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, fewer species in temperate regions. 5 genera  and 20 species in China.

Lu Shugang. 2000. Polypodiaceae Subfam. Polypodioideae Nayar. In Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(2): 7-31.

1a. Lateral pinnae articulate to rachis ----------------------------------------------------1. Schellolepis

1b. Lateral pinnae without articulate at base.

   2a. Veins free, without areoles on either side of costa.

     3a. Veinlets pinnate; scales on the rhizome thick, not clathrate ----------------2. Polypodium

3b. Veinlets forked; scales on the rhizome thin, pellucid, clathrate -----------------------------

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Metapolypodium

2b. Veins anastomosing to form areoles on either side of costa or on either side of rachis.

4a. Lamina pinnatisect, lower portion of rachis without wings along both side ----------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Polypodiastrum

     4b. Lamina pinnatipartite, rachis with wings along either side ----------------5. Polypodiodes

1. SCHELLOLEPIS ( J. Sm. ) J. Sm., Ferns Brit. Foreign. 82. 1866.

棱脉蕨属len mai jue shu

  Epiphytic, medium-sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown to dark brown, broad at peltate base, narrowly acuminate at apex, clathrate. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome at phyllopodes, monomorphic. Stipes long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina imparipinnate, oblong. Lateral pinnae 20-40 pairs, far aparte, articulate to rachis, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent, rarely scaly, toothed or incised at margins. Veins anastomosing to form 2-3 row areoles on either side of costa,each areole with a simple included veinlets which start from basiscopic lateral vein, outer veinlets free. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, borne on simple included veinlets in costal areoles, more or less immersed on undersurface and raised on the upper surface. Paraphysis present only when young, peltate, clathrate, toothed at margin. Sporangia long-stalked, annulus with 12 indurated cells. Spores yellow, ellipsoidal, with obscure aperture, exospore with tuberculate surface, perispore pellucid . x=37.

  About 20 species: Mainly in Tropical Asia; Two species in China (Yunnan and Hainan ).

1a. Scales on the rhizome ovate-lanceolate, ciliate at margin; lateral pinnae cuneate at base, with 4-5                  

   mm long stalks ------------------------------------------------------------------------1. S. Persicifolia

1b. Scales on the rhizome linear-lanceolate, entire; lateral pinnae sessile, cordate or subcordate at

  base, with auriculate on both sides or on acroscopic side------------------------2. S. subauriculata

1. Schellolepis persicifolia (Desv. ) Pic. Ser. in Webbia 28(2): 470. l973.

棱脉蕨len mai jue

Polypodium persicifolium Desv. in Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. 5: 316. l811; Goniophlebium persicifolium (Desv. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 21. l876; Goniophlebium cuspidatum auct., non (Don) Presl: Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 79. pl. 79. 1865.

   Rhizome creeping, 5-7 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 x 1.5-2 mm, dark brown, broad at base, acuminate at apex, toothed at margins. Fronds remote, monomorphic. Stipes 30-40 cm long, 3-4 mm in diam., stramineous or brownish, densely covered with scales at base, minutely scaly or glabrescent further up. Lamina broad-lanceolate, imparipinnate, up to 150 x 40 cm. Lateral pinnae 10-30 pairs, ascending, 4-5 cm far apart, more or less falcate, linear-lanceolate, up to 20 x 2.5 cm , cuneate at base, with 5-7 mm long stalks, caudately acuminate at apex, toothed and cartilaginous at margin, pinnae gradually become small upwards, terminal pinna same as the lateral pinnae, up to 15 cm long. Veins anastomosing to form 2-3 rows of areoles at each side of costa, each areole with a free included veinlets. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceus, green, glabrous. Sori round, borne on simple included veinlets in costal areoles, in one row on each side of costa, medial or costular, distinctly immersed on undersurface and raised on the upper surface.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks at 700-1000 m. Hainan (Baotin, Jianfeng Ling, Diaoluo Shan). [SE. India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaya, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea and Isls. of Pacific].

2. Schellolepis subauriculata (Bl. ) J. Sm., Ferns Brit. et  For. 82. 1866.

穴果棱脉蕨xue guo len mai jue

Polypodium subauriculatum Bl., Enum. Pl. Jav. 133. 1828; Goniophlebium subauriculatum (Bl.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 186. 1836; Marginaria subauriculata (Bl.) Nakai ex Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 95. 1935; Goniophlebium molle Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 2: 206. pl. 206. 1868; Polypodium beddomei Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. (ed. 2) 344. 1883; Polypodiastrum molle (Bedd.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 28. 1978.

   Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 6-8mm diam., densely scaly at least at apex; scales narrowly lanceolate, dark brown, toothed at margin, 5 x 0.7 mm, clathrate. Fronds remote. Stipes 25-35 cm long, stramineous or brown, densely scaly at base, minutely scaly or glabrescent upwards. Lamina lanceolate, imparipinnate, ca. 80-100 x 30-40 cm; rachis pale brown, minutely scaly throughout. Lateral pinnae 30-40 pairs, linear, sessile, a few basal pairs usually a little shorter than the next above, deflexed or patent, middle pinnae largest, subopposite, subcordate or truncate at base, roundly auricled on both sides, gradually narrowing from base to long-attenuate apex, serrate at margin, patent or slightly ascending, straight or a little falcate, ca. 14-20 x 2cm, upper pinnae gradually becoming smaller, terminal pinna ca.5-10 cm long, irregularly lobed at basal portion. Veins anastomosing to form 2-3 rows of areoles at each side of costa, more or less visible. Texture herbaceous subcoriaceous, green, glabrous or pubescent when young. Sori rounded, borne on the apex of the simple included veinlets in costal areoles, in one row at each side of costa, distinctly immersed on lower surface and raised on the upper surface.

Epiphytic on tree-trunks at 500-1300 m. Yunnan (Jinhong, Mongla). [Vietnam, Thailand, Malaya, Indonesia, Philipines, New Guinea, NE  Australia

and Isls. of Pacifica].

2. POLYPODIUM L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1081. 1753; emend. Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 17. 1978.

多足蕨属duo zu jue shu

   Epiphytic or epilithic, small to medium-sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, covered with scales; scales lanceolate or norrowly lanceolate, brown, clathrate or centrally clathrate. Fronds usually remote, articulate at base, monomorphic. Lamina broad-lanceolate, simple, pinnatifid, truncate at base, pinnatilobed at apex. Lateral segments more than 5 pairs, lanceolate, more or less falcate, entire to incised at margins. Veins free, veinlets forked. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, borne on the acroscopic branch of a free forked veinlet; sporangia long-stalked, annulus with about 20 indurated cells. Spores yellow, ellipsoidal, surface  verrucate  low-verrucose. x=37.

   About 6 species: Throughout Northern Temperate Zone, ranging from Temperate Europe, Northern Asia to Northern America; Two species in China.

1a. Segments oblique; sori medial -----------------------------------------------------------1. P. vulgare

1b. Segments patent; sori much nearer to the margin than to the costa---------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. P. virginianum

1. Polypodium vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1085. 1753

欧亚水龙骨ou ya shui long gu

   Rhizome long -creeping, about 3-4 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate with ovate peltate base, 4-5 mm long, pale brown, toothed at margin, acuminate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes straminineous, 5-10 cm long, densely scaly at base, glabrescent upwards. Lamina oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or pinnatisect, 10-20 x 5-7 cm with short caudate apex. Segments 12-15 pairs, oblique, lanceolate, 3-4 cm x 5-8 mm., decurrent to the next lobes by very narrow wings of rachis at base, obtuse or acute at apex, toothed at margin. Veins free , veinlets forked, hardly visible. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, medial or slightly closer to the costa.

Epiphytic on rocks, 1910 m. Xinjiang. [Northern Asia, Europe and Northern America].

2. Polypodium virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 2: l085. l753

东北水龙骨dong bei shui long gu

   Rhizome wide-creeping, ca. 2-3 mm diam., densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate with remotely toothed at margin, brown, 3-4 mm long, acuminate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes stramineous, 5-8 cm long, glabrous. Laminae oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 x 3-5 cm, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatisect at base, acuminate or caudate at apex. Lateral lobes l2-l6 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, patent, 2-2.5 cm x 5-6 mm, usually decurrent to the next lobes by narrow wings at both sides of rachis, obtuse or acute at apex. Veins free, terminal of veinlets with hydathodes ending near to margin, hardly visible on upper surface and invisible on underside. Texture subcoriaceous, grayish-green at upper surface and yellowish green at beneath, both sides glabrous. Sori round, in a single row along each side of costa, near to margin.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks. Heilongjiang, Jili, Hebei and Nei Mongol. [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, U. S. S. R. and North America].

3. METAPOLYPODIUM Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 28. l978.

篦齿蕨属bi chi jue shu

   Epiphytic, medium-sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate, dark brown, base broad with rufo-brown ciliate, acuminate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes straminineous, articulate to rhizome. Lamina narrowly lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatisect at lower part. Lateral lobes more than 30 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, patent or slightly deflexed at lower pairs. Veins free, veinlets forked. Sori round, in a single row at each side of costa, paraphyses absent.

   Monotypic genus in Asia, from SW China to Indo-China.

1. Metapolypodium manmeiense (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 29. l978.

篦齿蕨bi chi jue

Polypodium manmeiense Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 870. l898; Goniophlebium manmeiense (Christ) Rodl-Lind. in Blumea 34(2): 394. l990; Polypodium scalare Christ in Bull. Soc. France 52. Mem. l: l4. l905; Polypodium pseudodimidiatum Christ in Bull. Soc. France 52. Mem. l: l4. l905; Polypodium simulans Bak. in Kew Bull. l3. l906; Metapolypodium kingpingense Ching et W. M. Chu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 29. l978.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 2-3 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate,  broadly at base, acuminate at apex, dark brown, remote ciliately at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes stramineous or brown at under surface, 8-l2 cm long, densely scaly at base, glabrous upward. Lamina narrowly lanceolate, 20-30 x 5-7 cm, deeply pinnatifid, usually decurrent to the next lobes by very narrow wings of rachis in the lower part, with rather suddenly narrowing acuminate apex. Lateral lobes 20-30 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, patent except base one pair deflexed and slightly shortened, acute to obtuse at apex, incised undulate at margins. Rachis and costa stramineous. Veins free, veinlets forked, terminal of veinlets ending in elliptic hydathodes inside the margin of lobes. Texture herbaceous, green, glabrous. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, medial, superficial or immersed in cavities on undersurface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, l000-2500 m.Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan. [Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Upper Burma, NE. India, Sikkim and Kampuchea].

4. POLYPODIASTRUM Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 27. l978.

拟水龙骨属ni shui long gu shu

    Medium-sized ferns, epiphytic. Rhizome long-creeping, densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown to dark-brown, clathrate. Fronds remote. Stipes articulate to rhizome at base. Lamina pinnate. Pinnae ca. 10 pairs, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, sessile, the upper pinnae usually decurrent at base. Veins anastomosing to form l-3 rows of areoles at each side of costa, each costal areole containing a included free veinlet. Texture herbaceous, glabrous or minutely scaly on underside. Sori round, terminal on included veinlets of costal areoles, in one row on each side of costa; sporangia long-stalked, annulus with about 12-20 indurated cells; receptacular scale-like,  clathrate, fugacious; spores ellipsoidal, surface coarsely verrcate. x=37.

About 8 species: Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Oceania; 3 species in China.

1a. Rhizome densely covered with scales; lateral pinnae deflexed or patent, adnate at base; costa

 stramineous, veinlets invisible ------------------------------------------------------- 1. P. dielseanum

1b. Rhizome covered with sparsely scales and whitish blooms; lateral pinnae ascending, rounde or

 cordate at base; costa brown, veinlets visible.

2a. Lateral pinnae rounded at base, not overlaping rachis ----------------------- 2. P. argutum

2b. Lateral pinnae cordate at base, overlaping rachis ----------------------- 3. P. mengtzeense

1. Polypodiastrum dielseanum (C. Chr. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 28. l978.

川拟水龙骨chuan ni shui long gu

Polypodium dielseanum C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 522. l906; Polypodium leuconeuron Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 203. l900 (non Christ, l900 ); Polypodium wilsonii Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. l906: l04. l906; Polypodium meyii Christ in Notul. Syst. Paris l: 33. l909; Goniophlebium dielseanum (C. Chr.) Rodl-Linder in Blumea 34(2): 39l. l990.

   Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown,  acuminate at base, minutely denticulate at margins. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-30 cm long, stramineous, densely scaly at base, upward glabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 40-60 x 15-25 cm, pinnate. Lateral pinnae 20-30 pairs, basal pinna deflexed, upper pinnae patent, linear-lanceolate, l0-l5 x 0.8-l.2 cm, acuminate or obtuse at apex, adnate and somewhat dilated above at base. crenate-serrate at margin. Veins in pinnae anastomosing to form one row of areoles on each side of costa with included veinlet. Texture herbaceous, green, rachis and lower part of costa pubescent on both surfaces, underside of pinnae covered with sparsely brown ovate-lanceolate scales. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on the terminal of included veinlets, medial.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, l500-2010 m. Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.[NE. India].

2. Polypodiastrum argutum (Wall. ex Hook. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 28. l978.

尖齿拟水龙骨jian chi ni shui long gu

Polypodium argutum Wall., Cat. No. 308. l828 (nom. nud. ); Wall ex Hook. in Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 32. l864; Goniophlebium argutum (Wall. ex Hook. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. l: 6. pl. 6. l866; Schellolepis arguta (Wall. ex Hook. ) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 93. l875.

2a. var. argutum

尖齿拟水龙骨jian chi ni shui long gu（原变种）

   Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm diam., covered with sparsely scales and whitish blooms; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown, peltate at broad base, acuminate at apex, sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes stramineous, 10-15 cm long, scaly at base, glabrous upwards. Lamina ovate lanceolate, pinnate with distinct terminal pinnae, 40-50 x 15-25 cm. Lateral pinnae 15-20 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 x 1.5-2.5 cm, sessile, rounded at base, acuminate at apex, serrate at margin, serrates toothed. Veins anastomosing to form 2-3 areoles in each side of costa, each costal areole containing a simple free included veinlet, the other free veinlet ending inside the margin of lobes, visible on both surfaces. Texture herbaceous, dark green on upper surface, yellowish green on undersurface, both surfaces glabrous except minutely scales underneath. Sori round, terminal on included veinlets of costal areoles, in one row on each side of costa, medial or slightly closer to costa, superficial.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2300-2700m. Yunnan, Xizang, Guizhou and Guangxi. [Upper Burma, Thailand, NE. India, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal].

2b. var. angustum Ching et S. K. Wu in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. l: 299. pl. 73. f. 3-4. l983.

狭羽拟水龙骨xia yu ni shui long gu（变种）

    This variety differs from var. argutuexm in having narrowly and fewer pinnae, denticulately at margin, sori closer to the costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2300-2400 m. Xizang.

3. Polypodiastrum mengtzeense (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 28. l978.

蒙自拟水龙骨meng zi ni shui long gu

Polypodium mengtzeense Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 869. l898; Goniophlebium mengtzeense (Christ) Rodl-Linder in Philip. Journ. Sci. ll6: l54. l987; Polypodium argutum Wall. ex Hook. var. mengtzeense (Christ) Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. l909: l77. l909; Polypodium argutum Wall. ex Hook. forma khasianum Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. London Bot. 24: 417. l888; Polypodium aspersum Bak. in Kew Bull. 231. l898 (nom. illeg. ); Polypodium taiwanianum Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 80. l909; Marginaria taiwaniana (Hayata) Nakai ex H.Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. ll: 95. l935; Polypodiastrum taiwanianum (Hayata) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 28. l978; Polypodium argutum auct. non Wall. ex Hook.: Wu in Sunyatsenia 3: 266. pl. 124. l932.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm diam., covered whitish blooms and sparsely scales; scales ovate-lanceolate, dark brown, peltate at broad base, acuminate at apex, irregularly toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes pale stramineous, 10-20 cm long, scaly at base, glabrous upwards. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, pinnate with distinct terminal pinna, 50-70 x 15-20 cm. Lateral pinnae l5-25 pairs, subopposite, lanceolate, 10-15 x 1.5-2 cm, acuminate at apex, serrate at margin, sessile, obliquely cordate at base, more or less with roundly auriculate, overlaping rachis. Veins anastomosing to form 1-2 rows of areoles at each side of costa, each costal areole containing a simple free veinlet, the other veinlets free, ending inside the margin of teeth. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green, glabrous on both surfaces except sparsely scales on underside of rachis and costa. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, terminal on  included veinlets, medial or slightly closer to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, l500-2500 m. Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Taiwan.[Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, NE. India and Nepal].

5. POLYPODIODES Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 26. l978.

水龙骨属shui long gu shu

    Medium sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, densly covered with scales or with blooms; scales lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, brown to dark brown, clathrate, peltate at broad base, acuminate or hair-shaped at apex, entire, denticulate or ciliate at margin, Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes stramineous or brown, scaly at base. Laminae deeply pinnatifid, oblong-lanceolate. Segments more than 10 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate at apex, toothed or serrate at margin, base continuous to each other by narrow wings of rachis. Veins anastomosing to form one narrowly areoles on either side of rachis and to form l-2 row of areoles on each side of costa, in the costal areoles, each one including a free veinlet, out the areoles, the veinlets free. Texture herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent, usually with minutely scales on underside. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on the terminal of included veilets, superficial or immersed, paraphyses fugacious; sporangia long-stalked, annulus with about l2-l9 indurated cells; spores ellipsoidal, surface coasely verrucate. x=37.

    About l7 species, mostly confined to the Tropical and Subtropical Asia. 12 species in China.

1a. Rhizome covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales or scales only present on very young                                           

  part; segments entire at margin.

2a. Lamine pubescent on uppersurface, glabrous on lowersurface; scales on the rhizome fugacious, rhizome subglabrous.

  3a. Rhizome usually without scales; upper surface only pubescent along rachis and costae----

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- l. P. formosana

3b. Rhizome scales black, linear-subulate and with a broad brown base; upper surface of

lamina pubescent-------------------------------------------------------------- 2. P. raishanensis

2b. Lamine pubescent on both surfaces; rhizome covered with sparsely scales or scales only

  present on young parts.

4a. Rhizome covered with sparsely scales throughtout; rachis with narrowly wings-----------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. P. niponica

  4b. Rhizome covered with whitish bloom, scales only present on young part; rachis with

   broadly wings ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. P. wattii

1b. Rhizome densely covered with scales, without whitish bloom; segments incised to serrate

at margin.                    

5a. Scales on the rhizome light brown, linear-lanceolate, 8-9 mm long----------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. P. bourretii

5b. Scales on the rhizome brown, dark brown black, 2-5 mm long.

6a. Veinlets on either side of rachis free; upper stipes and rachis castaneous-------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. P. microrhizoma

6b. Veinlets on either side of rachis anastomosing to form one row narrowly areoles; stipes

   and rachis mostly stramineous.

7a. Lamina linear-lanceolate; lateral segments up to 4o-6o pairs.

8a. Scales black and subulate at upper part, brown at broad base with ciliate at margin;

fronds subglabrous -------------------------------------------------------- 7. P. lachnopus

8b. Scales brown, lanceolate with irregularly denticulate at margin; fronds pubescent

on both sides ----------------------------------------------------- 8. P. pseudolachnopus

7b. Lamina ovate-lanceolate; lateral segments usually l0-20 pairs.

9a. Segments with densely duplicato-serrate at margin.

  10a. Scales on the rhizome ovate-lanceolate, brown, entire at margin----------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. P. subamoena

  10b. Scales on the rhizome narrowly lanceolate, black, hair-like at apex, dendiculate at

     margin --------------------------------------------------------------- 10. P. hendersonii

9b. Segments with incised or incised-serrate at margin.

  l1a. Scales on the rhizome black; segments narrowly (4-8 mm); sori close to costa ---

     --------------------------------------------------------------------------- l1. P. chinensis

  l1b. Scales on the rhizome brown, segments broadly (l5-l8 mm); sori medial ----------

     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------12. P. amoena

1. Polypodiodes formosana (Bak. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 27. l978.

台湾水龙骨tai wan shui long gu

Polypodium formosanum Bak. in Journ. Bot. 23: l05. l885; Marginaria formosana (Bak. ) Nakai ex H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. ll: 94. l935; Goniophlebium formosanum (Bak. ) Rodl-Linder in Blumea 34(2): 406. l990; Polypodium liukiu-ense Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1: 1014. 1901.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom, scales fugacious, only present on very young parts; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes l5-20 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae oblong, 30-50 x 10-15 cm, pinnatipartite, cordate at base, acuminate or caudate at apex. Segments 20-30 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, 5-8 x 0.8-1 cm, acuminate at apex, entire at margin, lowest segments usually deflexed. Veins anastomosing to form 1-2 rows areoles on each side of costa with included veinlets. Texture herbaceous, green, undersurface glabrous or subglabrous, uppersurface pubescent, hairs on rachis and costa more densely. Sori round, borne on terminal of included veinlets, in one row on each side of costa, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 200-1200 m. Taiwan and Fujian. [Japan].

2. Polypodiodes raishanensis (Rosenst.) S. G. Lu in Taiwania 50(2): 140. 2005.

大叶水龙骨da ye shui long gu

Polypodium raishanense Rosenst. in Hedwigia 56: 346. 1915; Marginaria raishanensis (Rosenst.) Nakai ex H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. ll: 95. l935; Marginaria pseudoformosana Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 94. l934.

Rhizome long-creeping, 3 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom, scales sparse, black, linear-subulate and with a broad brown base. Fronds remote. Stipe and rachis glossy, turning brown when mature. Laminae oblong, 30-55 x 10-15 cm, pinnatipartite. Segments 4.5-8 cm long, patent, adnate to rachis by a narrow wing, margin entire, pubescent on margin and on upper side, lower surface glabrous, lower segments shortened and deflexed. Veins anastomosing to form 1-2 rows areoles on each side of costa with included veinlets. Texture herbaceous. Sori round, small, closely spaced, borne near costa in the costal areolae at the end of free veinlets.

Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 200-1200 m. Endemic to Taiwan.

3. Polypodiodes niponica (Mett. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978

日本水龙骨ri ben shui long gu

Polypodium niponicum Mett. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Batav. 2: 222. l866; Marginaria niponica (Mett.) Nakai ex H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: l935; Goniophlebium niponicum (Mett.) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 90. l892; Polypodium transpianense Yamamoto in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agric. Form. 3: 236. l931; Marginaria transpianensis (Yamamoto) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 1935; Polypodiodes transpianensis (Yamamoto) Saiki in Journ. Phytogeogr. Tax. 35: 80. l987; Polypodium bodinieri Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 203. 1902; Polypodium silvestrii Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1909: l77. l909; Polypodium longkyense Rosenst. in Feddes Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 134. 1914.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam., gray-green, sparsely covered with whitish blooms and scales; scales narrowly lanceolate, fusco-brown, ovate at base, acuminate at apex, denticulate atmargin. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous, pubescent. Laminae oblong-lanceolate, 30-40 x 10-13cm, pinnatipartite, cordate at base, pinnatilobate-acuminate at apex. Segments 15-25 pairs, 3-5 x 0.5-1cm, linear-oblong, acute or obtuse at apex, entire at margin, the lowest ones often subfree, slightly shorten and deflexed. Veins anastomosing to form one row of areoles in each side of rachis and each side of costa, veinlets invisible. Texture herbaceous, gray-green, pubescent on both surfaces or more densely on beneath with short, whitish, 2-3 celled, soft hairs. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on terminal of included veinlets in costal areoles, nearer to the costa than to the margin.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 300-1600m. Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Gansu and Shanxi. [Japan, Veitnam, NE India].

4. Polypodiodes wattii (Bedd. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. l978

光茎水龙骨guang jing shui long gu

Polypodium niponicum Mett. var. wattii Bedd. in Journ. Bot. 26: 235. 1888; Goniophlebium niponicum (Mett. ) Bedd. var. wattii (Bedd. ) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 90. 1892; Polypodium wattii (Bedd. ) Tagawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 22: 163. 1949; Polypodium niponicum Mett. var. laevipes Franch. ex Christ in Bull. Soc. France 52. Mem. 1: 13. 1905; Polypodiodes niponica (Mett. ) Ching var. wattii (Bedd. )W. M. Chu et S. G. Lu in Acta Bot. Yunnan 1992, Suppl. 5: 58. 1992.

    Rhizome fleshy, long-creeping, 5-7 mm in diam., covered with whitish blooms, scales only present on the growing tip or at the base of stipes; scales lanceolate, fusco-brown, acuminate at apex, minutely serrate at margin. Stipes 5-15 cm long, dark stramineous, pubescent. Laminae oblong, 20-30 x  8-10 cm, pinnatipartite, wings of rachis ca. 5 mm in each side, truncate to cordate at base, caudate at apex. Segments 15-20 pairs, 4-5 x 1.2-1.4 cm, obtuse at apex, entire at margin, the lowest ones subpatent to slightly deflexed. Veins anastomosing to form 2-3 rows of areoles on each side of costa and to form one row of areoles on each side of the rachis, the costal areoles included free veinlets. Texture herbaceous, yellowish green or gray-green, pubescent with whitish short hairy on both surfaces or more densely on underside. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on the terminal of included veinlets, slightly close to midrib.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1300-3000m. Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang. [Veitnam, Upper Burma, NE. India and Sikkim].

5. Polypodiodes bourretii (C. Chr. et Tard. ) W. M. Chu apud P. S. Wang in Guizhou Sci. 2: 12. 1985.

滇越水龙骨dian yue shui long gu

Polypodium bourretii C. Chr. et Tard. in Not. Syst. 8: 183. 1939; Polypodium wangii Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. ser. 2. 1: 307. 1949.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 4 mm diam., densely covered with scales; scales linear-subulate, light brown , clathrate, ca. 10 mm long, upper part acuminate with entire margin, hairy-like at apex, broad at base with minutely serrate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-15 cm long, slender, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae oblong-lanceolate, 20-40 x 8-14 cm, pinnatipartite, pinnatifid-acuminate at apex, cordate and slightly narrowed at base. Segments 20-30 pairs, linear-lanceolate, 4-7 cm x 6-8 mm, acute at apex, remotely incised at margin, base broad and connected by narrow wings along the midrib, the basal pair subdeflexed and slightly shorter than upper next pairs. Veins anastomosing to form one row areoles on each side of costa and of rachis. Texture herbaceous, grayish green, under side densely pubescent with shorted hairs, upper side sparsely clothed in long, appressed, septate, whitish hairs. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, close to the costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 600-1500m. SE. Yunnan and S. Guizhou. [Vietnam].

6. Polypodiodes microrhizoma (Clarke ex Bak. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978.

栗柄水龙骨li bing shui long gu

Polypodium microrhizoma Clarke ex Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 511. 1874; Goniophlebium microrhizoma (Clarke ex Bak. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 21. pl. 384. 1876; Polypodium taliense Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France Mem. 1: 13. 1905; Polypodium deorsipinnatum Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 38: 152. 1929; Polypodium fieldingianum Kunze ex Mett., Farngatt. Polypod. 75. 1857; Goniophlebium fieldingianum (Kunze ex Mett. ) Moore, Ind. Fil. 389. 1862; Polypodium atkinsonii auct. non C. Chr.: DeVol et Kuo in H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 1: 202. 1975; Polypodium microrhizoma Clarke ex Bak. var. xerophyticum Mehra in Panjab. Univ. Bot. Publ. 7: 22. 1939.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales ovate-lanceolate, fusco-brown, broad at base, peltate, acuminate at apex, denticulate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 8-12 cm long, slender, glabrous, stramineous at base, shining castaneous on the lower side and so is the rachis. Laminae lanceolate, 20-30 x 5-8 cm, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatisect at lower portion, base slightly shortened, apex pinnatilobate-acuminate. Segments/pinnae 15-30 pairs, patent, lanceolate, 4-5 cm x 6-8 mm, acute or obtuse at apex, distantly inciso-serrate at margin, base connected by a narrowly wing along the rachis, basal ones not or very slightly deflexed, a little shorter than the next above. Veins visible, anastomosing to form one row areoles at each side of costa , each containing a simple included veinlet, areoleless at both sides of rachis. Texture thinly papyraceous or membranaceous, green, glabrous on both surfaces, rachis stramineous and grooved on upper surface, castaneous beneath, glabrous, nearly wingless in the lowest portion. Sori round or oblong, borne on terminal of the included veinlets, in one row on each side of costa, medial, more or less immersed.

    Terrestrial under forest or epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2300-3300m.Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang and Taiwan. [Northern Thailand, Upper Burma, N. India , Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Kashmir].

7. Polypodiodes lachnopus (Wall. ex Hook. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. l6(4): 27. l978.

濑水龙骨lai shui long gu

Polypodium lachnopum Wall.ex Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 952. 1854; Goniophlebium lachnopum (Wall. ex Hook. ) J. Sm. in Hook., Gen. Fil. ad. t. 51. 1840; Schellolepis lachnopa (Wall. ex Hook. ) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 93. 1875; Polypodium yunnanense Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 869. 1898 (non Franchet, 1885); Polypodium lachnopum Wall. ex Hook. var. xerophyticum Mehra in Panjab. Univ. Bot. Publ. 7: 22. 1939.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6mm in diam, densely covered scales; scales broad and brown at base, with ciliate at margin, upper part black, subulate, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-8 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae linear-lanceolate, 40-60 x 5-7 cm, pinnatipartite, cordate at base, acuminate at apex. Segments 40-50 pairs, laceolate, 2-3 cm x 5-7 mm, acute or obtuse at apex, toothed at margin, tha basal one or two pairs slightly shortened and deflexed. Veins reticulate to form one row narrowly areoles along each side of rachis and to form one row largely areoles along each side of costa, each areole containing a simple included veinlet, the other veins free. Texture papyraceous or herbaceous, green, glabrous or subglabrous except rachis covered with hairs, sparsely scaly on undersurface. Sori round, borne on the terminal of the included veinlets, in one row on each side of costa, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1700-2000 m. Xizang, Yunnan, Sichuan. [NE. India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Kashmir].

8. Polypodiodes pseudolachnopus S. G. Lu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(3): 294. l999.

假毛柄水龙骨jia mao bing shui long gu

Polypodium lachnopum auct. non Wall. ex Hook.: Ching, Ic. Fil. Sin. 2: ad pl. 95. 1934; Shing in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mt. 1: 161. 1993.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate, brown, acuminate at apex, peltate at base, irregularly denticulate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-15 cm long, sparsely pubescent, stramineous. Laminae linear-lanceolate, 40-50(-70) x 6-8 cm, pinnatipartite, cordate at base, acuminate at apex. Segments 40-60 pairs, lanceolate, 4-5 cm x 5-10 mm, acute or obtuse at apex, toothed at margin. Veins anastomosing to form one row narrowly areoles along each side of rachis and to form one row largely areoles along each side of costa, in each costal areole containing a simple included veinlet. Texture papyraceous, green, pubescent on both surfaces and scaly beneath, rachis stramineous, hairy more densely. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, slightly close to the costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1800-3000 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang. [Endemic to China].

9. Polypodiodes subamoena (Clarke) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978.

假友水龙骨jia you shui long gu

Polypodium subamoenum Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2. 1: 550. pl. 82. f. 2. 1880; Goniophlebium subamoenum (Clarke) Bedd., Handb. 317. 1883.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely covered scales; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown or dark-brown, broad at base, peltate, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineus, glabrous. Laminae ovate-lanceolate, 15-20 x 5-8 cm, pinnatipartite, cordate at base, caudate at apex. Segments 10-15(-20) pairs, linear, 3-4 cm x 8-10 mm, obtuse or acute at apex, duplicato-serrate at margin, the lowest pairs shortened and deflexed. Veins visible, anastomosing to form one row areols along rachis and to form 1-2 rows of areoles on each side of costa, the costal areoles containing a simple included veinlet. Texture herbaceous, green, glabrous on upper surface, scaly on underside. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on the terminal of the included veinlets, close to the costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2400-3300 m. Yunnan and Xizang. [Nepal and Sikkim].

10. Polypodiodes hendersonii (Bedd. ) S. G. Lu in Acta Bot. Yunn. 21(1): 24. 1999.

喜马拉雅水龙骨xi ma la ya shui long gu

Goniophlebium hendersonii Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 21. pl. 383. 1876; Polypodium hendersonii Atkinson ex Bak. in Hook. et Bak., Syn. Fil. 511. 1874(non Lowe, 1858); Polypodium atkinsonii C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 511. 1906; Polypodiodes atkinsonii (C.Chr.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978 (nom. illeg., ICBN art. 72).

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales linear-lanceolate, black, broad at base, peltate, toothed at margin, hairy-like at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes 8-12 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae lanceolate, 20-25 x 5-8 cm, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect at lower portion, cordate at base, acuminate at apex. Segments 20-25 pairs, lanceolate, 3-4 x 1 cm, acuminate at apex, serrate at margin, patent or oblique at upper portion, the lowest pair deflexed. Veins visible, anastomosing to form one row areoles along rachis and costa, the costal areoles containing a simple included veinlet. Texture papyraceous, green, glabrous on upper surface, scaly on lower surface. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, borne on the terminal of the included veinlets, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2000-3300 m. Xizang. [Nepal and Sikkim].

11. Polypodiodes chinensis (Christ) S. G. Lu in Acta Bot. Yunn. 21(1): 24. 1999.

中华水龙骨zhong hua shui long gu

Polypodium subamoenum Clarke var. chinense Christ in Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. 4: 99. 1897; Polypodium amoenum Wall. ex Mett. var. chinense (Christ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 45. 1933; Polypodium subamoenum Chist in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1901: 293. 1901; Polypodium pseudo-amoenum Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 45. 1933 (nom.illeg.); Polypodiodes pseudo-amoena (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978 (nom. illeg.); Polypodium pseudoamoenum Ching var. pilosum Ching in Fl. Tsinling 2: 177. 231. 1974.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales ovate-lanceolate, black, acuminate at apex, sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-20 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae ovate-lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, 15-25 x 7-10 cm, pinnatipartite  or pinnatisect at lower portion, cordate at base, caudate at apex. Segments 15-25 pairs, linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm x 5-7 mm, acuminate at apex, serrate at margin, the basal pairs slightly shortened and deflexed. Veins reticulate, costa visible, stramineous, veinlets invisible. Texture herbaceous, subglabrous on both surfaces, scaly beneath. Sori small, round, borne on the terminal of the included veinlets, close to the costa.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks, 900-2800 m. Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Taiwan. [Endemic to China].

12. Polypodiodes amoena (Wall. ex Mett. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 27. 1978.

友水龙骨you shui long gu

Polypodium amoenum Wall.ex Mett., Farngatt. Polypod. 80. 131. 1857; Goniophlebium amoenum (Wall. ex Mett. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 1: ad pl. 5. 1866; Polypodium arisanense Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 243. f. 170. 1914; Polypodium valdealatum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 4. 1899; Polypodium amoenum Wall. ex Mett. var. latedetoideum Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1907: 1421. 1907; Polypodium aureum Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. 3. 1825 (non Linn., 1753); Polypodium bonatianum Brause in Hedwigia 54: 207. pl. 3. f. 1. 1914; Polypodium yunnanense Francht in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 29. 1885; Goniophlebium yunnanense (Franch.) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 88. 1892.

12a. var. amoena

友水龙骨you shui long gu（原变种）

Rhizome long-creeping, 5-7 mm diam., densely covered with scales; scales lanceolate, dark-brown, broad at base, peltate, acuminate at apex, denticulate at margin. Fronds Stipes 30-40 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae ovate-lanceolate, 40-50 x 20-25 cm, pinnatipartite, slightly shortened at base, acuminate at apex. Segments 20-25 pairs, lanceolate, 10-13 x 1.5-2 cm, acuminate at apex, serrate at margin, basal 1-2 pairs deflexed. Veins visible, anastomosing to form one row narrowly areoles along rachis and to form 1-2 rows areoles along each side of costa, each costal areoles containing a simple veinlets. Texture thick papyraceous, green, glabrous on both surfaces, scaly beneath. Sori round, one row at each side of costa, borne on the terminal of the included veinlets, medial.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks, 1000-2500 m.Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanxi and Taiwan. [Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Burma, India, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan].

12b. var. duclouxi (Christ) Ching in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 25. 2000.

红秆水龙骨hong gan shui long gu（变种）

Polypodium duclouxi Christ apud Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1: 34. 1909; Polypodium amoenum Wall. ex Mett. var. duclouxi (Christ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 46. 1933.

    Differ from var. amoena in having castaneous stipes and usualy beneath the costa, laminae narrowly lanceolate, basal segments patent, veinlets slender invisible.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks, 2000-2500 m. Yunnan and Sichuan. [Endemic to China].

12c. var. pilosa (Clarke) Ching in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 294. 1983

柔毛水龙骨rou mao shui long gu（变种）

Polypodium amoenum Wall. ex Mett. var. pilosum Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. 24: 417. 1888; Polypodium amoenum Wall. ex Mett. var. pilosum Rosenst. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 134. 1914.

Differ from var. amoena in having hairy on both surfaces or at lest pubescent on rachis and costa.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks, 1500-2500 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang, Guizhou, Hubei and Zhejiang. [NE. India, Nepal and Sikkim].

POLYPODIACEAE SUBFAM. CRYPSINOIDEAE Nayar

Lu Shugang（陆树刚）

About 7 genera and 110 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, fewer species in temperate regions. 5 genera and 70 species in China.

Lu Shugang. 2000. Polypodiaceae Subfam.Crypsinoideae Nayar. In Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(2): 7-31.

1a. Sori round or elongate.

2a. Fronds pinnate with pinnae jointed to rachis-------------------------------------1. Arthromeris

2b. Fronds simple without pinnae jointed to rachis.

3a. Rhizome fleshy; scales distinctly clathrate, brown, dark brown or nearly black------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Phymatosorus

3b. Rhizome woody; scales not clathrate throughout, brown, dark brown, glaucous or whitish

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Phymatopteris

1b. Sori lines or scattered on the under surface of lamina (sporangia with acrostichoid disposition).

4a. Fronds simple, monomorphic or slightly dimorphic; sori lines--------------------4. Selliguea

4b. Fronds trilobate or pinnatifid, dimorphic; sori covering the whole lower surface of fertile

 fronds-----------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Christiopteris

1. ARTHROMERIS (Moore) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 110. 1875

节肢蕨属jie zhi jue shu

    Epiphytic or terrestrial, medium-sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, densely scaly or covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales peltate, lanceolate-attenuate, entire to shallowly toothed or ciliate at margin, whitish, brown or black. Fronds remote, monomorphic, articulate to rhizome on short scaly phyllopodes. Stipes stramineous or brown, glabrous or pubescent. Laminae imparipinnate or simple. Lateral pinnae articulate to rachis, usually oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, entire and cartilaginous at margin. Veins reticulate to form irregularly areoles, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, areoles with simple or forked included veinlets. Texture herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous  or pubescent, rare scaly on underside. Sori round, in one regularly row on each side of costa or scattered on the lower surface of pinnae, naked, superficial, without paraphyses. Sporangia with long  stalks, annulus with 14-16 indurate celled. Spores brown, ellipsoidal, surfaces verrucate with often constricted, acuminate or echinate elements. x=12, n=36.

    About 20 species, distributed in tropic and subtropic Asia. 15 species, 2 varieties and 2 forms in China.

1a. Sori large, solitary between adjacent lateral veins, thus arranging in one row on either side of

costa.

  2a. Lateral pinnae with distinct stalks ----------------------------------------------- 1. A. tenuicauda

  2b. Lateral pinnae sessile, adnate at base.

    3a.Scales brown, lanceolate,acuminate at apex.

      4a. Sori rounded, solitary ------------------------------------------------------- 2. A. wallichiana

      4b. Sori elliptic or two adnate together -----------------------------------------3. A. intermedia

    3b. Scales brown, dark brown or black, broad at base, subulate at apex.

      5a. Rhizome densely scaly throughout; scales brown, narrowly subulate with long tails;

         terrestrial ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. A. tatsienensis

      5b. Rhizome covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales dark brown to black,

         rounded at peltate base, subulate at upper part; epiphytic -----------------------------------

         ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. A. nigropaleacea

1b. Sori smalle, more than two between adjacent lateral veins, thus scattered on either side of costa.

  6a. Rhizome 3-6 mm in diam.; fronds glabrous or pubescent .

    7a. Pinnae ovate with broadly cartilaginous membrane at margin.

      8a. Rhizome covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales brown.

        9a. Lamina pubescent on both surfaces ------------ 6a. A. himalayensis var. himalayensis

        9b. Lamina tomentose on lower surfce and glabrous on upper surface ---------------------

           ----------------------------------------------------6b. A. himalayensis var. niphoboloides

      8b. Rhizome densely covered with scales; scales whitish; fronds tomentose on lower surface

and glabrous on upper surface ------------------------------------------------ 7. A. tomentosa

    7b. Pinnae lanceolate with narrowly cartilaginous membrane at margin.

      10a. Pinnae caudate at apex.

       11a. Lamina glabrous on both surfaces--------------------------8a. A. elegans form. elegans

       11b. Lamina densely pubescent on lower surface and glabrous on upper surface------------

          ------------------------------------------------------------8b. A. elegans form. pianmaensis

      10b. Pinnae acuminate at apex.

       12a. Lamina glabrous on both surfaces; terrestrial ------------------------------- 9. A. mairei

       12b. Lamina more or less pubescent; epiphytic.

         13a. Scales broad at base, subulate at apex; lamina sparsely pubescent or subglabrous

           -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A. lehmanni

         13b. Scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex; lamina densely pubescent on both

surfaces---------------------------------------------------------------11. A. lungtauensis

  6b. Rhizome 10-12 mm in diam.; fronds usually covered with whitish bloom on lower surface .

    14a. Lateral pinnae adnate at bases ------------------------------------------------ 12. A. wardii

    14b. Lateral pinnae with stalks.

      15a. Lateral pinnae opposite ------------------------------------------------ 13. A. medogensis

      15b. Lateral pinnae alternate.

         16a. Lamina with glandular hairs on underside ----------------------------14. A. caudata

         16b. Lamina without glandular hairs ------------------------------------ 15. A. salicifolia

1. Arthromeris tenuicauda (Hook. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 91. 1933.

狭羽节肢蕨xia yu jie zhi jue

Polypodium tenuicauda Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 90. 1863; Polypodium wallichianum Spreng. var. tenuicaudum (Hook. ) Hook., Syn. Fil. 368. 1867; Pleopeltis juglandifolia (Don) Moore var. tenuicauda (Hook.) Bedd., Handb. 370. 1883; Arthromeris notabilis Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11(2): 72. 1941.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 6-8 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, brown, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 15-25 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 35-45 x 15-25 cm. Lateral pinnae 8-12 pairs, subopposite, oblique, ovate-lanceolate, 15-25 x 2-4 cm, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate and stalked at base, entire at margin. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on  both surfaces. Lamina usually fertile at upper part, fertile pinnae usually a little contracted. Sori round, in a single row at each side of costa, medial or a little near to costa, superficial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1200-2800 m. Yunnan and Xizang. [Upper Burma and NE. India].

2. Arthromeris wallichiana (Spreng. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 92. 1933.

单行节肢蕨dan hang jie zhi jue

Polypodium wallichianum Spreng. in Linn. Syst. Veget. 16 ed. 4: 53. 1827; Polypodium juglandifolium Don, Fl. Nepal. 3. 1825; Pleopeltis juglandifolia (Don) Moore, Ind. Fil. 77. 1857; Polypodium capitellatum Wall. ex Mett., Polyp. 229. 1857; Pleopeltis capitellata (Wall. ex Mett. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 12. pl. 12. 1865; Arthromeris juglandifolia (Don) J. Sm., Hist. 3. 1875.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 1-1.5 cm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, brown, 1-1.5 cm x 2-3mm, acuminate at apex, sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 15-30 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong, 40-70 x 30-40 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 5-10 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 10-20 x 2-4 cm, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, sessile, adnate to rachis, entire or undulate at margin. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori large, round, in one row on each side of costa, medial or a little near to costa. Spores with verrucate on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1500-2500 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan and Guizhou. [N. Vietnam, Upper Burma, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and N. India].

3. Arthromeris intermedia Ching in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 331. 1983.

中间节肢蕨zhong jian jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 1 cm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown, 1cm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes ca. 20 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong or broad-lanceolate, 30-40 x 20-25 cm. Lateral pinnae 6-8 pairs, subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, 15-20 x 5-4 cm, fertile pinnae a little contracted, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire at margin. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets, lateral veinlets slender, obscure. Texture herbaceous, green on upper surface, pale or glaucous beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round or elliptic, in one row at each side of costa, medial, but usually two adnate together.

   Epiphytic on rocks, 2000 m. Xizang. [Endemic].

4. Arthromeris tatsienensis (Franch. et Bureau. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 93. 1933.

康定节肢蕨kang din jie zhi jue

Polypodium tatsienense Franch. et Bureau. apud Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1: 19. 1905.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-7 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales brown, narrowly subulate with long tails, 6 x 1.2 mm, irregularly toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-30 cm long, stramineous to castaneous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong, 30-40 x 20-25 cm or simple, ovate-lanceolate. Lateral pinnae usually 3-8 pairs, rare 1-2 pairs, subopposite, oblique, ovate-lanceolate, 15-18 x 3-4 cm, caudately acute at apex, broadly cuneate to round or rarely subcordate at base, sessile, entire at margin with cartilaginous membranes, terminal pinna larger, usually narrowing from base to apex. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, green on upper surface, pale green or glaucous beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row at each side of costa, medial or a little near to costa, superficial.

    Terrestrial on dry slopes or on rocks, 1000-1600 m.Yunnan and Sichuan. [Nepal and N. Thailand].

5. Arthromeris nigropaleacea S. G. Lu in Indian Fern Journ. 14: 144. 1997.

黑鳞节肢蕨hei lin jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 8 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales  stiff, broad at base, subulate upwards, straight, nearly black or black, ca. 10 mm long, irregularly toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-25 cm long, dark stramineous or brown, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong, 50-60 x 25-30 cm. Lateral pinnae 5-6 pairs, broad-lanceolate, 15-20   x 3-4 cm, round or subcordate at base, sessile, caudately acute at apex, entire with cartilaginous membranes at margin, terminal pinna stalked. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, ca.30 pairs, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous or herbaceous,  green on upper surface, glaucous beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori large, round, in one row at each side of costa, medial or a little close to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks in evergreen broad-leaf forest, 1800 m. Xizang. [Endemic].

6. Arthromeris himalayensis (Hook. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 99. 1933.

琉璃节肢蕨liu li jie zhi jue

Polypodium himalayense Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 91. 1864; Pleopeltis himalayensis (Hook. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 318. pl. 318. 1869; Polypodium venustum Wall. ex Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: Bot. 1: 565. 1880 (non Desv. 1811).

6a. Arthromeris himalayensis var. himalayensis

琉璃节肢蕨liu li jie zhi jue（原变种）

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales ca.4 mm long, brown, broad at base, ciliate at margin, subulate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-20 cm long, stramineous or dark stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 20-40 x 10-20 cm, or simple, ovate-lanceolate. Lateral pinnae 1-4 pairs, sessile, articulated to rachis, opposite, far apart, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 x 3-4 cm, caudate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, margin entire with broad cartilaginous membranes. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Sori large, round, scattered on either side of costa on underside of pinnae.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1700-2800m. Yunnan, Xizang and Sichuan. [Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, NE. India and Upper Burma].

6b. Arthromeris himalayensis var. niphoboloides (C. B. Clarke) S. G. Lu in Acta Bot. Yunn. 20(4): 405. 1998.

灰茎节肢蕨hui jing jie zhi jue（变种）

Polypodium venustum Wall. ex Clarke var. niphoboloides C. B. Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 1: 1880.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales brown, narrowly lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-15 cm long, dark stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 15-25 x 10-15 cm, or simple, ovate-lanceolate. Lateral pinnae 1-2 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 x 4-5 cm, caudate at apex, round at base, sessile, articulate to rachis, margin entire with broad cartilaginous membranes. Veins reticulate, visible on upper surface, invisible on lower surface. Texture herbaceous or papyraceous, glabrous on upper surface, tomentose on underside. Sori scattered on the lower surface of the pinnae, buried in the tomentum, hardly visible.

    Epiphytic on rocks, 2000-2600 m. Yunnan. [Bhutan].

7. Arthromeris tomentosa W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. Suppl. V: 53. f. 34. 1992.

厚毛节肢蕨hou mao jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, broad at base, brown in the centre, pale or whitish on margins, acuminate with a long tail at  apex, toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 15-20 cm long, dark stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 20-30 x 10-15 cm, or simple, ovate to oblong. Lateral pinnae usually 1-2 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 10-12 x 3-4 cm, round or cordate at base, sessile, overlaping the rachis, margin entire with cartilaginous membranes, caudately acute or rarely laciniate at apex. Veins distinct on upper surface, obscure beneath, veinlets obscure on both surfaces. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on upper surface, tomentose on lower surface. Sori scattered on the lower surface of pinnae, buried in the tomentum.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2630 m. Yunnan. [Endemic.]

8. Arthromeris elegans Ching in Sunyatsenia 6: 8. 1941

美丽节肢蕨mei li jie zhi jue（原变型）

8a. Arthromeris elegans form. elegans

美丽节肢蕨mei li jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, broad at base, acuminate at apex, toothed at margin, brown on centre, pale or whitish on margins. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 15-25 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 25-35 x 15-20 cm. Lateral pinnae 5-8 pairs, lanceolate, 12-15 x 1.5-2 cm, long caudate at apex, round or cordate at base, sessile, margin entire with cartilaginous membranes. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori scattered on lower surface of pinnae, close to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2000-2600 m. Yunnan. [Upper Burma].

8b. Arthromeris elegans form. pianmaensis S. G. Lu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 20(4): 406. 1998.

片马节肢蕨pian ma jie zhi jue（变型）

    Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, 8-12 mm long, brown on centre, pale or whitish on margins, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 15-20 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 25-35 x 15-20 cm. Lateral pinnae 6-8 pairs, lanceolate, 12-16 x 1.6-2 cm, long caudate at apex, round or cordate at base, sessile, margin entire with cartilaginous membranes. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on upper surface, pubescent on lower surface. Sori scattered on lower surface of pinnae, close to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2100-2300 m. Yunnan. [Endemic].

9. Arthromeris mairei (Brause) Ching in Sunyatsenia 6(1): 5. 1941.

多羽节肢蕨duo yu jie zhi jue

Polypodium mairei Brause in Hedwigia 54: 208. pl. 4. f. m. 1914; Polypodium lehmanni (Mett.) Ching var. mairei (Brause) C. Chr. in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 333. 1931; Arthromeris tsayuensis Ching et Y. X. Ling in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 405. 1984; Arthromeris lehmanni (Mett. ) Ching var. auriculata Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 97. 1933.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, light brown or glaucous, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 15-25 cm long, stramineous or castaneous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, ovate-lanceolate, 30-50 x 15-25 cm. Lateral pinnae 8-12 pairs, ascending, ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 x 2-3 cm, acuminate at apex, entire or undulate at margin, round at base, sessile. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae. Spores with echinate or verrucate on surface.

    Terrestrial on slopes in forests, 1000-2700 m.Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Shanxi and Jiangxi. [Burma and N. India].

10. Arthromeris lehmanni (Mett. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 96. 1933.

节肢蕨jie zhi jue

Polypodium lehmanni Mett. in Fargatt., Polyp. 117. pl. 3. f. 35. 1857; Pleopeltis lehmanni (Mett. ) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 260. t. 260. 1868; Polypodium pinnatum Hayata, Mat. Fl. Form. 447. 1911; Arthromeris pinnata (Hayata) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 95. 1933; Polypodium quqsipinnatum Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formos. 447. 1911; Arthromeris tibetana Ching in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 333. pl. 84. 1-6. 1983; Arthromeris tibetana Ching var. glabrescens Ching et S. K. Wu in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 334. 1983.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely or sparsely scaly and covered with whitish bloom; scales broad at peltate base, subulate or with a long tails at apex, 4-6 mm long including tails, brown on center, paler towards margin, minutely toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-20 cm long, stramineous or light castaneous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong, 30-40 x 15-20 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 5-8 pairs, subopposite, patent or slightly ascending, straight, lanceolate, acuminate at apex, round or subcordate at base, sessile, overlaping the rachis, entire undulate at margin with cartilaginous membrane, terminal pinna same as the lateral pinnae. Rachis stramineous, glabrous. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous or herbaceous, green, usually glabrous on both surfaces, rare sparsely pubescent on lower surface. Sori round or elliptic, irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae. Spores with sparsely echinate and verrucate on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1000-2900 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Taiwan. [Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, N. India, Burma, Thailand, Indo-China to Philippines].

11. Arthromeris lungtauensis Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 98. 1933.

龙头节肢蕨long tou jie zhi jue

Polypodium lungtauense (Ching) Ching apud C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 152. 1934; Polypodium himalayense auct., non Hook. 1864: Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 218, 1902; Wu, Wang et Pong in Bull. Dept. Biol. Sun Yatsen Univ. 3: 306. pl. 144. 1932.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, dark brown on centre, paler towards margin, acuminate at apex, toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-20 cm long, dark stramineous or light castaneous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, oblong or deltoid-lanceolate, 30-40 x 25-30 cm. Lateral pinnae 5-7 pairs, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 10-12 x 2-3 cm, acuminate at apex, margin entire with cartilaginous membrane, round or cordate at base, sessile. Rachis and costa stramineous, pubescent. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture chartaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Sori irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 500-2500 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. [Nepal, Vietnam and Laos].

12. Arthromeris wardii (Clarke) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 94. 1933.

灰背节肢蕨hui bei jie zhi jue

Polypodium wardii Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 25: 99. t. 43. 1889; Pleopeltis wardii (Clarke) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 98. 1892; Arthromeris longipinna Ching et Y. X. Ling in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 405. pl. 3. f. 3. 1984.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 10-12 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales narrowly lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, brown, ovate at peltate base, acuminate at apex, subentire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 30-40 cm long, stramineous or dark stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, ovate-lanceolate, 40-80(120) x 30-50 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 5-8 pairs, rare up to 16 pairs, subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, patent or ascending, 15-20(30) x 4-6(8) cm, caudate at apex, round or truncate at base, sessile, entire at margin with cartilaginous membrane. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets, distinct. Texture chartaceous, green on upper surface, usually glaucous on lower surface, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori large, irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1800-2500 m. Yunnan and Xizang. [Burma, N. India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim].

13. Arthromeris medogensis Ching et Y. X. Ling in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 403. pl. 2. f. 4. 1984.

墨脱节肢蕨mo tuo jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 6 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales brown, ovate at base, subulate at apex, ciliate at mrgin. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-30 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 20-30 x 14-16 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 2-3 pairs, opposite, ascending, ovate or oblong, 11-13 x 3-4 cm, caudate at apex, cuneate at base, with short stalks, margin entire with cartilaginous membrane. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, raised on both surfaces. Texture chartaceous, green on upper surface, glaucous beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori rounded, irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1600 m. Xizang. [Endemic].

14. Arthromeris caudata Ching et Y. X. Ling in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 406. pl. 3. f. 4. 1984.

尾状节肢蕨wei zhuang jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 10 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales brown, broad at peltate base, subulate at apex, ciliate at margin. Stipes 25-35 cm long, stramineous at base, castaneous at upper part, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 50-60 x 20-25 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 6-8 pairs, alternate, ascending, oblong-lanceolate, 18-22 x 4-5 cm, caudate at apex, cuneate at base, with stalks, margin entire with cartilaginous membranes. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, distinct on both surfaces. Texture chartaceous, green on upper surface, glaucous on lower surface with sparsely glandular hairs. Sori round, irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae.

    In the evergreen broad-leaf forest, 1530 m. Xizang. [Endemic].

15. Arthromeris salicifolia Ching et Y. X. Ling in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 404. pl. 3. f. 1. 1984.

柳叶节肢蕨liu ye jie zhi jue

    Rhizome long-creeping,ca.10 mm diam.,densely scaly;scales brown,5-7 mm long,ovate at base, subulate at upper part, short ciliate at margin. Stipes 25-30 cm long, ca. 3 mm in diam., dark stramineous, glabrous. Laminae imparipinnate, 40-50 x 15-20 cm. Lateral pinnae usually 5-6 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, alternate, ascending, 15-20 x 3-5 cm, long caudate at apex, cuneate at base, with short stalks, margin entire with cartilaginous membranes. Veins reticulate, distinct on both surfaces. Texture chartaceous, dark green on upper surface, light green or glaucous beneath. Sori round, irregularly scattered on lower surface of pinnae.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1600-1900 m. Xizang. [Endemic].

2. PHYMATOSORUS Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 457. 1973

瘤蕨属liu jue shu

Phymatodes Presl, Tent. Pterid. 195. 1836 (nom. illegit. ); Phymatodes sect. Euphymatodes Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 56. 1933.

    Epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizome long-creeping, fleshy, densely scaly or sparsely scaly; scales round, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, brown, dark brown or nearly black, usually thin, peltate, distinctly clathrate. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome at base. Stipes usually stramineous, scaly at base, glabrous further up. Laminae deeply pinnatipartite or pinnate, rare simple, margin entire. Lobes broad-lanceolate, acuminate or obtuse at apex. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with simple or forked included veinlets. Texture herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round or oblong, in one row on each side of midrib or irregularly scattered on either side of midrib, superficial or immersed on lower surface and raised on upper surface, without paraphyses. Spores yellow, ellipsoidal, with  shallowly and coarsely rugose on surfaces. N = 36, 37; 2n = 72, 74.

    About 13 species, distributed in the Old World tropical and as a neophyte in tropical America. 6 species in China.

1a. Lamina pinnate; pinnae with distinct stalks --------------------------------------- 1. P. cuspidatus

1b. Lamina simple, pinnatipartite or pinnatisect; lateral pinnae/lobes adnate at base.

2a. Lamina simple, ovate; stipes slender (ca.1 mm in diam.)----------------------------2. P. lanceus

2b. Lamina pinnatipartite or pinnatisect.

3a. Lamina usually pinnately divided; lateral pinnae usually 20-30 (38) pairs -------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. P. longissimus

   3b. Lamina pinnately parted; lateral lobes usually 3-10 pairs.

4a. Texture papyraceous, dark green; veins distinctly on both surfaces-------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. P. membranifolius

    4b. Texture coriaceous, yellowish green; veins obscure on both surfaces.

5a. Rhizome 3-5 mm in diam.; scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, toothed at

 margin; sori uniseriate or irregularly biseriate on each side of costa------------------

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. P. scolopendria

5b. Rhizome 6-10 mm in diam.; scales rounded, margin entire; sori in one row on each

side of midrib --------------------------------------------------------- 6. P. hainanensis

1. Phymatosorus cuspidatus (D. Don ) Pichi Serm. in Love et Love, Cytotax. Atl. Pterid. 83. 1977.

光亮瘤蕨guang liang liu jue

Polypodium cuspidatum D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. 2. 1825; Phymatodes cuspidata (D. Don) J. Sm., Cat. Cult. Ferns 10. 1857; Microsorium cuspidatum (D. Don) Tagawa in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 495. 1966; Polypodium lucidum Roxb. in Calcut. Journ. Nat. Hist. 4: 486. 1844; Phymatodes lucida (Roxb. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 61. 1933; Phymatosorus lucidus (Roxb. ) Pic. Ser. in Webbia 28(2): 459. 1973; Microsorium lucidum (Roxb.) Copel., Gen. Fil. 196. 1947.

    Rhizome long-creeping, fleshy, 1-2 cm diam., pale green, sparsely scaly; scales circular, dark brown on centre, paler towards margin, peltate, entire, clathrate. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 30-50 cm long, stramineous, glabrous except scaly at base. Laminae imparipinnate, 30-50 x 20-25 cm. Lateral pinnae 8-15 pairs, more or less ascending, linear-lanceolate, 15-20(25) x 2-3.5 cm, acuminate at apex, entire at margin, cuneate at base, with 5-10 mm long stalks. Rachis like the stipes, costa raised, stramineous, veins anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, medial, nearly superficial. Spores with minutely spherical on surface.

    Epiphytic on dry rocks or on tree-trunks, 230-1600 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan. [Veitnam, Laos, Burma, Thailand, India and Nepal].

2. Phymatosorus lanceus (Ching et C. H. Wang ) S. G. Lu in Guihaia 19(1): 28. 1999.

矛叶瘤蕨mao ye liu jue

Phymatodes lancea Ching et C. H. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8(2): 153. pl. 23. f. 29. 1959.

    Rhizome long-creeping, fleshy, 5-8 mm diam., dark brown, sparsely scaly; scales ovate, 2-2.5 mm long, peltate, clathrate, cordate at base, obtuse at apex. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 4.5-7cm long, 1 mm across, slender, brown. Laminae simple, oblong, 10-12 x 2-2.2 cm, obtuse at apex, entire  at margin, broad-cuneate at base. Costa raised on both surfaces, lateral veins slender, obscure, veinlets reticulate, obscure. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on each side of costa, immersed on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks. Hainan. [Endemic].

3. Phymatosorus longissimus (Bl. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 459. 1973.

多羽瘤蕨duo yu liu jue

Polypodium longissimum Bl., Enum. Pl. Jav. 127. 1828; Phymatodes longissima (Bl. ) J. Sm., Cat. Cult. Ferns 10. 1857; Pleopeltis longissima (Bl. ) Moore, Ind. Fil. 78. 1857; Colysis longissima (Bl. ) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 101. 1875; Polypodium rubidum Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 1848: 117. 1848; Microsorium rubidum (Kunze) Copel., Gen. Fil. 197. 1947; Polypodium suisha-stagnale Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 160. 1916; Phymatosorus suisha-stagnalis (Hayata) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 460. 1973.  

    Rhizome long-creeping, fleshy, ca. 8-10 mm in diam., covered with sparsely scaly and bearing phyllopodes remotely; scales ovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, peltate, rounded at base, acuminate at apex, clathrate, irregularly toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 35-100 cm long, up to 10 mm across near base, stramineous, glabrous, with wings on upper portion. Laminae oblong, pinnately parted or pinnately divided at lower portion, 40-100(130) x 25-30(50) cm. Lateral pinnae/lobes 20-30(38) pairs, linear-lanceolate, ascending, usually 8-12 x 1-2.5 cm, acuminate or obtuse at apex, entire or crisped at margin, a little narrowing at base and decurrent to rachis. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round to ellipsoidal, in one row on each side of midrib, a little near to midrib, immersed on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    On rather wet place at low altitudes. Yunnan, Hainan, Hongkong and Taiwan. [Veitnam, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia , Japan and Polynesia].

4. Phymatosorus membranifolius (R. Br.) S. G. Lu Guihaia 19(1): 27. 1999.

显脉瘤蕨xian mai liu jue

Polypodium membranifolium R. Br. , Prodr. 147. 1810; Microsorum membranifolium (R. Br.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 239. 1941; Polypodium nigrescens Bl., Enum. Pl. Jav. 126. 1828; Phymatodes nigrescens (Bl. ) J. Sm., Ferns Br. For. 94. 1866; Pleopeltis nigrescens (Bl. ) Carr. in Seem., Fl. Vit. 368. 1873; Microsorium nigrescens (Bl. ) Copel., Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus. 14: 74. 1938; Phymatosorus nigrescens (Bl. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 459. 1973; Phymatodes variabilis Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 64. pl. 3. 1933; Phymatodes nigrescens var. variabilis (Ching) C. Chr. et Tard.-Blot. in Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 7(2): 473. 1941; Phymatosorus variabilis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 460. 1973; Pleopeltis longissima (Bl. ) Moore in Bedd., Ferns S. Ind. pl. 176. 1864 (excl. nom.).

    Rhizome long-creeping, thick, about 1-1.5 cm in diam., scaly; scales circular or oblong, brown, peltate, thin, round at apex, irregularly toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 30-40(50) cm long, stramineous, ca. 5 mm across, glabrous. Laminae usually pinnately parted, rarely pinnately ternate, 50-80 x 30-40 cm, or simple, 15-25 x 4-5 cm. Lobes ascending, usually (2)3-10(12) pairs, broad-lanceolate, 15-20 x 3-4 cm, caudately acuminate at apex, subentire at margin, somewhat narrowing towards at base. Veins all distinct, anastomosing to form areoles with forked included veinlets. Texture papyraceous, dark green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, large, about 4 mm in diam., in one row on each side of costa, medrial, borne on distinctly hollow on lower surface and distinctly raised on upper surface.`

    Terrestrial or on rocks in tropical rain forests, 200-1200 m. Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan. [Veitnam, Kampuchea, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Malaya, Malesia, Indonesia and Polynesia].

5. Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 460. 1973.

瘤蕨liu jue

Polypodium scolopendria Burm., Fl. Ind. 232. 1768; Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 63. 1933; Microsorium scolopendria (Burm. ) Copel. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16: 112. 1929; Polypodium phymatodes L., Mant. 306. 1771; Chrysopteris phymatodes (L. ) Link, Fil. Sp. 122. 1841; Drynaria phymatodes (L. ) Fee, Gen. Fil. 270. 1852; Pleopeltis phymatodes (L. ) Moore, Ind. Fil. 78. 1857; Phymatodes phymatodes (L. ) Maxon in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 352. t. 63. 1905; Phymatodes vulgaris Presl, Tent. Pterid. 196. 1836; Drynaria vulgaris (Presl) J. Sm. in Journ. Bot. 3: 397. 1841.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-5 mm in diam., fleshy, covered with sparsely scales and bearing stipes; scales ovate-lanceolate, dark brown, ovate at peltate base, narrowing from centre towards long-acuminate apex, clathrate, toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes usually 20-30 cm long, stramineous or light castaneous, glabrous. Laminae usually pinnately parted with broadly winged along the rachis, 35-45 x 30-35 cm, rarely simple or pinnately ternate (trilobed). Lateral lobes usually 3-5 pairs, lanceolate, 12-20 x 2-3 cm, acuminate at apex, entire at margin, the wings of rachis about the same as the lobes in breadth. Costa raised on both surfaces, veins hardly to see, anastomosing to form areoles with many included veinlets ending in raised point. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, uniseriate or irregularly biseriate on each side of costa, borne on a deep hollows on lower surface and raised on upper surface. Sopres with minutely echinate on surfaces.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks at low altitudes. Hainan, Guangdong and Taiwan. [Japan (Ryukyus), Indo-China, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, Philippes, Malesia, Australia, New Guinea, Polynesia and Africa].

6. Phymatosorus hainanensis (Noot.) S. G. Lu in Bul. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. 11: 147. f. 1. A-E. 1998.

阔鳞瘤蕨kuo lin liu jue

Microsorum hainanense Noot. in Blumea 42(2): 325-327. Pl. 3. F. 20-21. 1997.

Rhizome long-creeping, 6-10 mm in diam., fleshy, sparsely covered with scales; scales circular, 4 x 4 mm, dark brown, peltate, clathrate, irregularly at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-30 cm long, stramineous, glabrous, articulate at base. Laminae pinnately parted with broadly winged along the rachis, 30-40 x 15-20 cm, or trilobed, broad cuneate at base. Lateral lobes usually 2-5 pairs, lanceolate, 10-15 x 2-3 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, margin entire, the wings of rachis about the same as the lobes in breadth. Costa raised on both surfaces, without lateral veins, veinlets anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on upper surfaces, clothed with very rare and very small black scales on lower surface. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to costa, sunken on lower surfce and pustulate on upper surface.

     Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 20-900 m. Hainan. [Vietnam and India].

3. PHYMATOPTERIS Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 460. 1973

假瘤蕨属jia liu jue shu

Phymatopsis J. Smith, Hist. Fil. 104. 1875 (non Phymatopsis Tulasne ex Trev. in Linnaea 28: 296. 1857) (nom. illeg. ).

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, woody, densely scaly; scales lanceolate, attenuate or setaceous, brown, dark brown or nearly black, rarely glaucous or whitish, opaque, entire, toothed or ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome, usually monomorphic, rarely dimorphic. Stipes usually glabrous, rarely pubescent, scaly at base. Laminae simple, hastately divided (trilobed), palmately parted or pinnately parted, sometimes pinnatisect with adnate pinnae. Lobes usually lanceolate, acuminate or obtuse at apex, entire, notched or serrate at margin with cartilaginou. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Texture herbaceous or coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent, rarely scaly on underside. Sori round, in one row on either side of the costa, usually superficial, rarely sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface. Sporangia with long pedicel, annulus with 14 indurated cells. Spores brown, ellipsoidal, with tuberculate or verrucate on surface. X = 12, n = 36, 2n = 72.

    About 60 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia. 49 species in China.

1a. Fronds simple, linear, lanceolate or ovate.

2a.Fronds moderately dimorphic, sterile lamina ovate, fertile lamina linear or ovate-lanceolate.

3a. Fertile lamina linear; soriferous portion slightly contracted -------- 1. P. rhynchophylla

   3b. Fertile lamina ovate-lanceolate; soriferous portion much contracted, linear in shape

      -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2. P. wuliangshanensis

2b.Fronds monomorphic, lamina oblong, ovate or linear.

4a.Lamina oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate with entire margin; sori large.

 5a. Rhizome covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; lamina cordately at base-----

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. P. chrysotricha

     5b. Rhizome densely covered with scales; lamina rounded or cuneate at base.

6a. Lamina ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute at apices.

7a. Lamina ovate, obtuse at apex; sori close to midrib ----------------- 4. P. obtusa

7b. Lamina oblong, acute at apex; sori medial--------------------- 5. P. oblongifolia

      6b. Lamina lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or caudately acuminate at apices.

      8a. Lamina gradually narrowing towards both base and apex; sori medial-------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. P. hainanensis

8b. Lamina truncate or round at base, caudately acuminate at apex; sori close to

 midrib.

      9a. Lamina truncate or subtruncate at base; glaucous on lower surface ----------

----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. P. majoensis

9b. Lamina rounded or broad cuneate at base; yellowish green on lower surface

---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. P. griffithiana

   4b.Lamina linear with notched at margin; sori small.

10a. Sori sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface-------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. P. yakushimensis

     10b. Sori superficial.

11a.Lamina 20-30 cm long, acuminate at apex, narrowly cuneate at base.

12a. Lamina thin, pellucid, veinlets distinct----------------------- 10. P. pellucidifolia

12b. Lamina thick, opaque, veinlets obscure ------------------------------ 11. P. engler

    11b. Lamina 5-10 cm long, obtuse at apex, broadly cuneate at base.

13a. Lamina papyraceous, stipes slender ---------------------------------- 12. P. tenuipes

13b. Lamina coriaceous, stipes thick ------------------------------------- 13. P. omeiensis

1b. Fronds deeply lobed, hastately divided, palmately parted, pinnately parted or pinnatisect.

14a. Fronds hastately divided, or simple lamina exist simultaneously.

15a. Lamina entire at margin; sori sunken on lower surface; scales yellowish-brown --------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. P. taiwanensis

15b. Lamina with notches at margin; sori superficial; scales reddish-brown ------------------

   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15. P. hastata

14b. Fronds usually palmately parted, pinnately parted or pinnatisect, or trilobed lamina exist

 simultaneously.

    16a. Fronds palmately parted with 4-6 lobes.

    17a. Stipes castaneous; lobes obtuse at apex; sori close to margin; plant 5-10 cm high ---

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16. P. digitata

    17b. Stipes stramineous; lobes acuminate at apex; sori medial; plant 20-30 cm high.

   18a. Scales narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowing from peltate base to acuminate

apex, yellowish-brown --------------------------------------------- 17. P. dactylina

   18b. Scales ovate at peltate base, gradually or sometimes abruptly narrowing upwards

       with long hair-like apex, dark brown ------------------------------- 18. P. chenopus

    16b. Fronds pinnately parted or pinnatisect, lateral lobes/pinnae 1-10 pairs.

   19a. Lamina entire at margin.

   20a. Fronds pubescent; lateral lobes 1-3 pairs, apical lobes distinctly larger than lateral

lobes ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19. P. trisecta

   20b. Fronds glabrous; lateral lobes 1-5(8) pairs, apical lobes same as the lateral lobes.

   21a. Fronds pinnatifida, lobes triangular or broadly lanceolate ----------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20. P. oxyloba

   21b.Fronds pinnately divided or pinnatisect, pinnae lanceolate -----------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 21. P. likiangensis

   19b. Lamina with notches or serrates at margin.

    22a. Fronds with notches at margin.

23a. Fronds distinctly dimorphic; sori sunken on lower surface ---------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. P. triloba

23b. Fronds monomorphic; sori superficial.

24a. Lateral lobes 1-2 pairs, deltoid or subdeltoid, basal lobes patent in trilobed

lamina ------------------------------------------------------- 23. P. cruciformis

24b. Lateral lobes 2-8 pairs, lanceolate, basal lobes ascending or deflexed.

                25a. Lateral lobes all ascending, lamina cuneate or round at base.

26a. Fronds hairy throughout; terrestrial ------------------ 24. P. hirtella

                 26b. Fronds glabrous; epiphytic.

27a. Fronds 25-50 cm long; stipe usually longer than lamina; lobes

falcate at apex ---------------------------- 25. P. falcatopinnata

27b. Fronds 10-20 cm long; lamina longer than stipes; lobes

 ascending and strict at apex.

28a. Scales black with whitish-ciliate at margin ------------------

                            ---------------------------------------------- 26. P. kingpingensis

28b. Scales yellowish-brown or glaucous.

                      29a. Scales yellowish-brown, entire at margin; sori medial---

                      ----------------------------------------------- 27. P. connexa

29b. Scales glaucous with ciliate at margin; sori close to

 margin----------------------------------- 28. P. daweishanensis

  25b. Lowest lobes deflexed or slightly deflexed, laminae cordate or truncate at base.

30a. Scales ovate, nearly black or castaneous; usually scaly on underside of lamina.

31a. Scales castaneous; lobes obtuse at apex ---------------------------- 29. P. subebenipes

31b. Scales black or nearly black; lobes acuminate at apex --------------- 30. P. ebenipes

  30b. Scales lanceolate, brown or glaucous; lamina without scales on underside.

  32a. Scales brown or dark brown.

 33a. Rhizome 8-12 mm in diam.; scales entire at margin; sori sunken and close to margin

------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31.P. echinospora

 33b. Rhizome 3-4 mm diam.; scales with ciliate at margin; sori superficial, close to costa

-------------------------------------------------------------------- 32. P. quasidivaricata

  32b. Scales glaucous or whitish.

 34a. Lamina glabrous on both surfaces; lobes acuminate at apex ---------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33. P. albopes

 34b. Lamina pubescent on both surfaces; lobes obtuse at apex -----------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34. P. pianmaensis

22a. Fronds with serrates at margin.

35a.Fronds pubescent on one surface or both surfaces.

36a. Fronds densely hairy throughout------------------------------------- 35. P. erythrocarpa

36b. Fronds pubescent on upper surface, lower surface glabrous.

37a. Lobes ca.1 cm in breadth; 2-3 rows of areoles on either side of costa; serrulate at

       margin ------------------------------------------------------------------ 36. P. nigrovenia

37b. Lobes ca. 2 cm in breadth; 3-5 rows of areoles on either side of costa; crenate at

   margin ---------------------------------------------------------------- 37. P. incisocrenata

35b. Fronds glabrous on both surfaces.

38a.Lateral lobes obtuse or acute at apex.

39a. Fronds 5-8 cm long; stipes stramineous at base----------------------------------------

   --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38. P. shensiensis

    39b. Fronds 15-20 cm long; stipes castaneous at base.

40a.Lobes crenate or undulate at margin ------------------- 39. P. crenatopinnata

40b.Lobes densely serrulate or duplicato-serrate at margin.

41a.Lateral lobes ovate-lanceolate, constracted at base, acute at apex -------------

------------------------------------------------------------------- 40. P. glaucopsis

41b. Lateral lobes linear, obtuse at apex ---------------------------- 41. P. conmixta

38b. Lateral lobes acuminate or caudately acuminate at apex.

42a. Lowest lobes deflexed, lamina cordate at base.

43a. Lateral lobes gradually narrowing from base to apex; sori near to costa--------

----------------------------------------------------------------------- 42. P. stracheyi

43b. Lateral lobes ovate-lanceolate; sori medial---------------------- 43. P. conjuncta

     42b. Lowest lobes ascending, lamina rounded at base.

44a. Scales black with whitish ciliate at margin; lateral lobes curved upwards.

45a. Lobes with obtusely serrulates at margin--------------------- 44. P. stewartii

45b. Lobes with acuminulately duplicato-serrates at margin.

46a. Lamina pinnately divided with 5-8 pairs of lateral pinnae, cartilaginous at

Margin stramineous------------------------------------- 45. P. nigropaleacea

   46b. Lamina pinnately parted with 1-2 pairs of lateral lobes, cartilaginous at

margin reddish ---------------------------------------- 46. P. roceomarginata

     44b. Scales brown or dark brown, without whitish ciliate at margin; lateral lobes

 strict.

47a. Scales dark brown or castaneous; lateral veins ending to margin ------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------- 47. P. tibetana

      47b. Scales brown; lateral veins not ending to margin.

48a.Serrates with aristate at apex ------------ 48. P. cartilagineoserrata

48b.Serrates without aristate at apex ----------------------- 49. P. malacodon

1. Phymatopteris rhynchophylla (Hook. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

喙叶假瘤蕨hui ye jia liu jue

Polypodium rhynchophyllum Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 954. 1854; Phymatodes rhynchophylla (Hook. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 69. 1933; Phymatopsis rhynchophylla (Hook. ) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 104. 1875; Pleopeltis rhynchophylla (Hook. ) Moore, Ind. Fil. 78. 1857; Crypsinus rhyncho-phylla (Hook. ) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Polypodium drymoglossoidesChrist in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1906: 104. 1906 (non Baker, 1887); Polypodium whitfordi Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1: Suppl. 4: 256. t. 4. f. B. 1906; Phymatodes okamotoi Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 189. 1938; Crypsinus okamotoi (Tagawa) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 194. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 1-2 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown, 5 mm long, acuminate at apex, sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote, dimorphic, articulate to rhizome. Sterile fronds: stipes 1-2 cm long, lamina ovate or oblong, 1-5 x 1-2 cm. Fertile fronds:  stipes 5-10 cm long, lamina linear or lanceolate, 5-20 x 1-2 cm, soriferous portion slightly contracted  or not contracted. Two forms of fronds all obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, cartilaginous and notched at margin. Veins anastomosing to form irregularly areoles with included free veinlets, lateral veins distinct. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green on upper surface, usually purpure on lower surface. Sori round, in one row at each side of midrib, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1200-2700 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Taiwan. [Veitnam, Laos, Kampuchea, Thailand, Burma, N. India, Nepal, Sikkim, Philippes and Indonesia].

2. Phymatopteris wuliangshanensis W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. Suppl. 5: 58. t. 40. 1992.

无量山假瘤蕨wu liang shan jia liu jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, 1-2 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales pale brown, lanceolate, 3-4 x 1-1.5 mm, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds dimorphic. Sterile fronds: stipes 1.5-2 cm long; lamina circular or ovate, 2-3 x 1-2 cm, round at apex, cuneate at base. Fertile fronds: stipes 2-5 cm long, slender, stramineous, glabrous; lamina 5-10 x 1-2 cm, soriferous portion constracted as a beak, lower portion ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at base, margin with cartilaginous and notches. Veins reticulate,  lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous or subcoriaceous, pale green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori confluent (running together), converged on lower surface of soriferous portion.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks in evergreen broad-leaf forests, 2200-2500 m. Yunnan (Wuliang Mountain). [Endemic].

3. Phymatopteris chrysotricha (C. Chr. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

白茎假瘤蕨bai jing jia liu jue

Polypodium chrysotrichum C. Chr. in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 320. pl. 23. 1931; Phymatodes chrysotricha (C. Chr. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 69. 1933; Phymatopsis chrysotricha (C. Chr. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 184. 1964; Crypsinus chrysotrichus C. Chr. ) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales ovate at peltate base, acuminate at apex, entire at margin, brown. Fronds remote, articulate to rhixzome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina ovate, simple, 5-10 x 3-6 cm, rounded or cordate at base, caudately acuminate at apex, margin entire with cartilaginous. Veins all distinct on both surfaces, anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, upper surface green and shining, lower surface pale green. Sori round, in one row on each side of midrib, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2200-2900 m. Yunnan. [Burma].

4. Phymatopteris obtusa (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

圆顶假瘤蕨yuan din jia liu jue

Phymatopsis obtusa Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 184. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, 5 mm long, brown, entire at margin, acuminate at apex. Fronds remote. Stipes 6-10 cm long, stramineous or light brown, glabrous. Lamina oblong or ovate, 5-15 x 2-3 cm, round or obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, entire or undulate at margin with cartilaginous. Veins reticulate, lateral veins thick, distinct, ascending, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on each side of midrib, close to midrib.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1400-1700 m. Hainan, Guangxi and Xizang. [Endemic to China].

5. Phymatopteris oblongifolia (S. K. Wu) W. M. Chu et S. G. Lu in Li Heng, Fl. Dulongjiang 40. 1993.

长圆假瘤蕨chang yuan jia liu jue

Phymatopsis oblongifolia S. K. Wu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23(5): 400. f. 2. 1985.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales reddish-brown, broad at peltate base, narrowing towards acuminate apex, sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-15 cm long, ca. 1 mm across, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina oblong or ovate, 5-15 x 2-3 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, cuneate at base, entire and with cartilaginous at margin. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct on both surfaces, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row at each side of midrib, slightly near to midrib. Spores ellipsoidal, surface subglabrous.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 1400 m. Yunnan. [Endemic].

6. Phymatopteris hainanensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

海南假瘤蕨hai nan jia liu jue

Phymatodes hainanensis Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 68. pl. 4. 1933; Phymatopsis hainanensis (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 184. 1964; Polypodium echinosporum C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 148. 1934; Crypsinus hainanensis (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952; Phymatopsis cunea Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 184. 1964; Phymatopteris cunea (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales ovate at peltate base, subulate at apex, entire at margin, ca. 3 mm long, dark brown in central portion, paler towards margins. Fronds remote. Stipes 8-13 cm long, ca. 1 mm across, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 8-15 x 1.5-3 cm, broad at medial portion and gradually narrowing towards both base and apex, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, entire at margin with stramineously cartilaginous. Veins anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row at each side of midrib, slightly near to midrib and slightly raised on upper surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks in forests, 500-600 m. Hainan and Yunnan. [Endemic to China].

7. Phymatopteris majoensis (C. Chr. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

宽底假瘤蕨kuan di jia liu jue

Polypodium majoense C. Chr. in Leveille, Cat. Pl. Yunnan 108. 1916; Phymatodes griffithiana (Hook. ) Ching var. majoensis (C. Chr. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 72. 1933; Phymatopsis majoensis (C. Chr. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 183. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown, 4-5 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 10-15 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina oblong, 15-25 x 3-6 cm, short acuminate at apex, broadest near to base, round or truncate at  base, entire at margin with cartilaginous. Veins reticulate, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure.  Texture subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, pale green on upper surface, glaucous on lower surface. Sori round, in one row on either side of midrib, close to midrib.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1400-1800 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Shannxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui. [Endemic to China].

8. Phymatopteris griffithiana (Hook. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

大果假瘤蕨da guo jia liu jue

Polypodium griffithianum Hook., Ic. Pl. 10: t. 951. 1854; Phymatodes griffithiana (Hook.) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 71. 1933; Phymatopsis griffithiana (Hook.) J.  Sm., Hist. Fil. 104. 1875; Pleopeltis griffithiana (Hook.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 78. 1857; Crypsinus griffithiana (Hook. ) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Phymatopsis integerrima Ching in Acta Bot. Austr. Sin. 1: 25. 1983.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely covered with scales throughout; scales lanceolate, brown, 5 mm long, long-acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous, densely scaly at base, subglabrous or covered with hair-like scales upwards. Lamina oblong or ovate-lanceolate, simple, 10-25 x 3-4 cm, usually broad at lower medial, short-acuminate at apex, broad cuneate at base, entire or shallowly undulate at margin with cartilaginous, usually revolute. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct on both surfaces, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green on upper surface, pale green on lower surface. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of midrib, close or slightly close to midrib. Spores with echinulate on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1300-3200 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou and Anhui. [Veitnam, Thailand, Burma, N. India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sikkim].

9. Phymatopteris yakushimensis (Makino) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 465. 1973.

屋久假瘤蕨wu jiu jia liu jue

Polypodium engleri Luerss. var. yakushimense Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 248. 1909; Polypodium yakushimense (Makino) Makino et Nemoto, Cat. Jap. Pl. Herb. Nat. Hist. Dept. Tokyo Imp. Mus. 433. 1914; Phymatodes yakushimensis (Makino) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 189. 1938; Phymatopsis yakushimensis (Makino) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 100. 1935; Crypsinus yakushimensis (Makino) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 194. 1952; Phymatopsis fukienensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 186. 1964; Phymatopteris fukienensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous, slender, glabrous. Lamina 5-15 x 1-2 cm, broadest in middle part, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, margin with notches. Veins reticulate, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous, green on upper surface, glaucous on lower surface, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of midrib, medial, sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    On rocks by stream under forests, 250-800 m. Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou. [Japan and Korea].

10. Phymatopteris pellucidifolia (Hayata) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

透明叶假瘤蕨tou ming ye jia liu jue

Polypodium pellucidifolium Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 250. f. 174. 1914; Phymatopsis pellucidifolia (Hayata) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 99. 1945.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Stipes 9-10 cm long, light brown, glabrous. Lamina linear or oblanceolate, simple, 30-35 x 2-2.2 cm, short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, entire or undulate at margin.Veins all distinct, anastomosing to form areoles with simple or forked included veinlets. Texture membranaceous, pellucid, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, small, in one row on either side of midrib, slight close to midrib. Sopers glabrous on surface.

    On rocks by stream under forests . Taiwan (Mt. Alishan). [Endemic].

11. Phymatopteris engleri (Luerss. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

恩氏假瘤蕨en shi jia liu jue

Polypodium engleri Luerss. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 4: 361. 1883; Phymatodes engleri (Luerss. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 72. 1933; Phymatopsis engleri (Luerss. ) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 98. 1935; Crypsinus engleri (Luerss. ) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Polypodium hastatum Thunb. var. engleri (Luerss. ) Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 875. 1898; Polypodium engleri Luerss. var. hypoleucum Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formos. 446. 1911; Phymatopsis engleri (Luerss. ) H. Ito var. hypoleuca (Hayata) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 98. 1935; Phymatodes engleri (Luerss. ) Ching var. coriacea Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 309. 1942; Phymatopsis engleri (Luerss. ) H. Ito var. coriacea (Tagawa) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 186. 1964; Crypsinus engleri (Luerss. ) Copel. var. coriaceus (Tagawa) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 142. 1954.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, reddish-brown, 3-5 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fonds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous or light brown, glabrous. Lamina linear or oblanceolate, 5-15(28) x 1-3 cm, broadest at the upper middle, short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, margin cartilaginous, entire or with notches. Lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous or subcoriaceous, stiff, glabrous on both surfaces, lower surface usually glaucous. Sori round, small, in one row on either side of midrib, slight close to midrib, superficial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks. Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Guizhou. [Japan and Korea].

12. Phymatopteris tenuipes (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 465. 1973.

细柄假瘤蕨xi bing jia liu jue

Phymatopsis tenuipes Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 187. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, yellowish-brown, 3-4 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Stipes 2-4 cm long, slender, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina narrowly oblong or obovate, simple, 3-7 cm x 5-7 mm, obtuse at apex, round or broad-cuneate at base, margin cartilaginous with notches. Lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, green on upper surface, glaucous on beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, small, in one row on either side of midrib, medial, borne on upper portion of lamina. Spores with densely echinate on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1380-1700 m. Sichuan and Guizhou. [Endemic].

13. Phymatopteris omeiensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

峨嵋假瘤蕨e mei jia liu jue

Phymatopsis omeiensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 187. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown, 3-5 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 3-5 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina ovate-lanceolate, 8-12 x 1-2 cm, lower portion broadest and sterile, upper portion fertile, sorifereous portion slightly constracted, acute or obtuse at apex, broad-cuneate or rounded at base, margin cartilaginous with notches. Lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous, pale green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of midrib, slightly close to midrib.

    Epiphytic on rocks. Sichuan (Mt. Omei). [Endemic].

14. Phymatopteris taiwanensis (Tagawa) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 465. 1973.

台湾假瘤蕨tai wan jia liu jue

Phymatodes taiwanensis Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 310. 1942; Phymatopsis taiwanensis (Tagawa) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 185. 1964; Crypsinus taiwanensis (Tagawa) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 194. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales yellowish-brown, lanceolate, broad at peltate base, long-acuminate at apex with hair-tipped. Stipes 8-16 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina simple or trifid within one individual, the simple lamina linear, 8-16 x 1 cm, caudately acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, in the trifid lamina, the central lobe 16-24 x 1 cm, much longer than the lateral lobes, all lobes usually slight contracted at base, widest at middle portion, acuminate at apex, margin with cartilaginous, entire or with remote notches. Lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Sori round, slight sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    Growing on rocks at mountains between 1500-2000 m. Taiwan. [Endemic].

15. Phymatopteris hastata (Thunb. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

金鸡脚假瘤蕨jin ji jiao jia liu jue

Polypodium hastatum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 335. 1784; Phymatodes hastata (Thunb. ) Ching in Sinensia 3: 344. 1933; Phymatopsis hastata (Thunb.) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 99. 1935; Crypsinus hastata (Thunb. ) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Drynaria hastata (Thunb. ) Fee, Gen.  Fil. 346. 1852; Pleopeltis hastata (Thunb. ) Moore, Ind. Fil. 346. 1862; Polypodium arenarium Bak. in Kew Bull. 1895: 56. 1895; Phymatopsis hastata form. arenaria (Bak. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 188. 1964; Polypodium dolichopodum Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 205. 1900; Polypodium hastatum var.  doliichopodum (Diels) C. Chr. in Acta Horti Gotob. 1: 103. 1924; Phymatopsis hastata form. dolichopoda (Diels) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 188. 1964; Polypodium hastatum form. pygmaeum Maxim., Pl. As. Or. Fragm. 73. 1879; Phymatopsis hastata form. pygmaea (Maxim.) H. Ito in Honda, Nom. Pl. Jap. 20. 1939; Polypodium hastatum var. simplex Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1906: 105. 1906; Phymatopsis hastata form. simplex (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 188. 1964; Phymatopsis chenkouensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 188. 1964; Phymatopteris chenkouensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973; Phymatopsis hunyaensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 187. 1964; Phymatopteris hunyaensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973; Phymatopsis rotunda Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 186. 1964; Phymatopteris rotunda (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973; Phymatopsis simplicifolia Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 187. 1964; Phymatopteris simplicifolia (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973; Phymatopsis similis Ching apud C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 319. 1983; Phymatopsis tarningensis Ching in Wuyi Sci. Journ. 1: 10. 1981; Phymatopsis shandonensis J. X. Li et C. Y. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(2): 165. t. 2. 1984.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, reddish-brown, 5 mm long, long-acuminate at apex, broad at peltate base, entire or sometimes with sparsely toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 2-20 cm long, 1-2 mm across, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina simple or trifid or both form exist simultaneously, simple lamina also various in form from ovate to linear or lanceolate, 2-20 x 1-2 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, cuneate or round at base; trifid lamina with one or two lateral lobes and sometimes one lateral lobe being much longer than the other, all lobes widest at base, acuminate at apices, margin cartilaginous with notches. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous or herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,  usually glaucous on beneath. Sori round, large, superficial, in one row on either side of costa or midrib, medial. Spores with echinate on surface.

    Terrestrial on slopes along path, common. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Shannxi, Gansu and Taiwan. [Japan, Korea, Philippes and U. S. S. R.].

16. Phymatopteris digitata (Ching ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

掌叶假瘤蕨zhang ye jia liu jue

Phymatodes digitata Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 77. f. 1. 1933; Phymatopsis digitata (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 189. 1964; Polypodium koi C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 151. 1934; Crypsinus digitatus (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952; Phymatopsis palmatifida Ching et Chiu in Bull. Bot. Res. 2(2): 74. pl. 4-2. 1982.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, light brown, 5 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 2-10 cm long, castaneous, scaly at base, glabrous upwards. Lamina palmately divided with 2-5 lobes, 5-9 x 5-9 cm, rounded at base. Lobes linear, acute or obtuse at apex, entire or undulate at margin, central lobe usually longer than lateral lobes, 5-10 x 1-1.2 cm. Costa distinct, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, green on upper surface and glaucous beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, close to margin, superficial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks on hill-top, 1000-1400 m. Guangdong, Guizhou and Zhejiang. [Endemic].

17. Phymatopteris dactylina (Christ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

指叶假瘤蕨zhi ye jia liu jue

Polypodium dactylinum Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1: 20. 1905; Phymatodes dactylina (Christ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 79. 1933 (pro parte); Phymatopsis dactylina (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 189. 1964; Crypsinus dactylinus (Christ) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-5 mm in diam., densely covered with scales throughout; scales lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, yellowish-brown, long-acuminate or hairy at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 7-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina palmately divided with 4-6 lobes, 10-20 x 10-15 cm, cuneate or cordate at base. Lobes linear, central lobe longer than lateral  lobes, 5-10 x 1-1.5 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, entire and slightly revolute at margin. Costa distinct, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green on upper surface and pale green beneath. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly close to margin.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1200-1400 m. Sichuan and Zhejiang. [Endemic].

18. Phymatopteris chenopus (Christ) S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 179. 2000.

鹅绒假瘤蕨e rong jia liu jue

Polypodium chenopus Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1: 20. 1905.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely clothed with scales throughout, up to 1.5 cm across including scales; scales broad at peltate base, gradually or abruptly narrowing upwards, setaceous or hair-like from middle portion to apex, ca. 10 mm long, dark-brown or nearly black. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 10-15 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina palmately divided with 4-6 lobes, 10-20 x 10-15 cm, cuneate or cordately at base. Lobes linear, central lobe longer than the lateral lobes, 10-20 x 1-2 cm, acute or obtuse at apices, entire and slightly revolute at margin. Costa distinct, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green on upper surface, glaucous on underside. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly close to margin.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1800-3400 m. Yunnan (Gongshan, Deqin and Lijiang). [Endemic].

19. Phymatopteris trisecta (Bak. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 465. 1973.

三出假瘤蕨san chu jia liu jue

Polypodium trisectum Bak. in Kew Bull. 1898: 232. 1898; Phymatodes trisecta (Bak. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 65. 1933; Phymatopsis trisecta (Bak. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 189. 1964; Crypsinus trisecta (Bak. ) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 194. 1952; Polypodium podobasis Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1902: 215. 1902; Phymatodes trisecta var. hirticarpa Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 66. 1933; Crypsinus hirsutus Tagawa et Iwatsuki in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 24: 176. 1970.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm across, densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 x  1-1.5 mm, dark-brown in central portion and paler towards margin, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 6-12 cm long, stramineous, hairy throughout, phyllopodes about 5 mm long. Lamina pinnatifida, 20-25 x 15-20 cm, broad cuneate or cordately at base. Lateral lobes 1-3 pairs, ascending, broad-lanceolate, gradually narrowing from base to acuminate apex, apical lobe longer than the lateral ones,10-20 x 2-4 cm, acuminate at apex, more or less constracted at base, all lobes entire or undulate at margin. Costa raised on both surfaces, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, reticulate. Texture herbaceous, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly close to costa. Spores with echinate on surface.

    Terrestrial in forests, 1600-2400 m. Yunnan and Sichuan. [Burma and Thailand].

20. Phymatopteris oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

尖裂假瘤蕨jian lie jia liu jue

Polypodium oxylobum Wall. ex Kunze in Linnaea 24: 255. 1851; Phymatodes oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Presl ex Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 67. 1933; Phymatopsis oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 190. 1964; Crypsinus oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Sledge in Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 2: 145. 1960; Pleopeltis oxyloba (Wall. ex Kunze) Bedd., Ferns S. Ind. pl. 175. 1863; Pleuridium oxylobum (Wall. ex Kunze) J. Sm., Ferns Brit. Fore. 96. 1866; Polypodium trifidum Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. 3. 1825; Phymatopsis trifida (Don) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 105. 1875; Pleopeltis trifida (Don) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 96. 1892; Pleopeltis hastata (Thunb.) Bedd., Handb. 362. f. 205. 1883 (non Polypodium hastatum Thunb., 1784); Polypodium hastatum var. oxylobum (Wall. ex Kunze) Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: Bot. 1: 563. 1885; Phymatopsis suboxyloba Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 190. 1964; Phymatopteris suboxyloba (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973; Phymatopsis pingpienensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 190. 1964; Phymatopteris pingpienensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973; Polypodium longipes Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 212. pl. 30. 1931 (non Wall. 1828, nec Link, 1850); Phymatodes kwangtungensis Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 66. 1933; Phymatopsis kwangtungensis (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 189. 1964; Phymatopteris kwangtungensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973; Polypodium kwangtungense (Ching) Ching apud C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 151. 1934; Crypsinus kwangtungensis (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 5 mm long, acuminate at apex, brown in centre portion, paler towards margin, clothed with whitish-hair on both surfaces and margins. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes usually 10-20 cm long, stramineous or light brown, densely scaly at base, glabrous further up. Lamina usuaaly pinnatifid or trifid lamina exist simultaneously, 20-30 x 10-20 cm, broad-cuneate at base. Lateral lobes (1)2-5(8) pairs, ascending, deltoid or broad-lanceolate, 10-15 x 1.5-5 cm, acuminate at apex, sometimes slight contracted at base, entire or undulate at margin with cartilaginous. Costa and lateral veins raised on both surfaces, veinlets reticulate to form areoles with forked included veinlets. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, slight near to costa.

    Epiphytic on rocks or on tree-trunks in evergreen forests, or terrestrial, 1000-2700 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Guangdong. [Veitnam, Thailand, Burma, N. India, Sikkim and Nepal].

21. Phymatopteris likiangensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

丽江假瘤蕨li jiang jia liu jue

Phymatopsis likiangensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 190. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, brown, acuminate at apex, clothed with fibrous hairy on both surfaces and edges. Fronds close, articulate. Stipes ca.15 cm long, light brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnatisect at lower portion and pinnatipartite upwards, 20-25 x 15 -20 cm, cuneate at base. Lateral pinnae/lobes usually 3-4 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 10-12 x 2-3 cm, acuminate at apex, constracted at base, broadest at middle portion, entire at margin with cartilaginous. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row or irregularly two rows on either side of costa, slight close to costa.

    Epiphytic on rocks in forests, 2400 m. Yunnan (Lijiang). [Endemic to China].

22. Phymatopteris triloba (Houtt. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 465. 1973.

三指假瘤蕨san zhi jia liu jue

Polypodium trilobum Houtt., Hist. Nat. 14: 148. t. 98. f. 1. 1783; Phymatodes triloba (Houtt.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 239. 1941; Phymatopsis triloba (Houtt.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 194. 1964; Crypsinus triloba (Houtt. ) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Polypodium incurvatum Bl., Enum. Pl. Jav. 126. t. 115. 1828; Pleopeltis incurvata (Bl. ) Moore, Gard. Chron. 1860: 1105. 1860; Polypodium triphyllum Jacq., Coll. 2: 284. T. 22. f. 1. 1788; Phymatodes triphylla (Jacq. ) C. Chr. et Tard.-Blot, Nat. Syst. 2: 248. t. 22. 1941.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, castaneous on central portion, paler brown towards margin, rounded at peltate base, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, distinctly dimorphic, articulate to rhizome. Sterile fronds: stipes    10-20 cm long, light brown, glabrous; lamina trilobed or pinnatifid, subdeltoid, 10-20 x 10-15 cm, rarely simple; lateral lobes 1-3 pairs, ascending, broad-lanceolate, 12-15 x 2-3 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, entire at margin, apical lobe broader than the lateral lobes, up to 4-5 cm breadth; costa raised, lateral veins distinct, veinlets hardly visible, anastomosing to form areoles with included free veinlets; texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Fertile fronds: stipes 20-30 cm long; lamina trilobed   or pinnatipartite with 2-4 pairs of lateral lobes, rachis with narrowly wings or wingless in lower parts; lobes constracted, linear, less than 1 cm in breadth, acuminate at apex. Sori in one row on either side of costa, immersed in deep cavities on underside, raised on upper surface. Rarely in same laminae, upper portion fertile and lower portion sterile.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, below 1300 m. Hainan. [Veitnam, Thailand, Malaya, Philippines and Indonesia].

23. Phymatopteris cruciformis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

十字假瘤蕨shi zi jia liu jue

Polypodium cruciforme Ching in Sinensia 1: 47. 1930; Phymatodes cruciformis (Ching) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 77. 1933; Phymatopsis cruciformis (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 192. 1964; Crypsinus cruciformis (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 4 x 1 mm, light brown or glaucous, acuminate with a long tail at apex, entire or subentire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 2-5 cm long, stramineous, scaly at base, glabrous upwards. Laminae trilobed or pinnatifid, the lateral lobes of trilobed lamina patent, other lobes slightly ascending, lobes subdeltoid, rounded at apex, entire at margin, the terminal lobe large, gradually narrowing from base to acute apex, up to 8 x 2 cm. Costa and lateral veins raised on both surfaces, veinlets hardly visible, anastomosing to form areoles. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous on beneath. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to margin, sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks in evergreen broad-leaf forests on hill-top. Guangdong (Longtoushan). [N. Vietnam and Thailand].

24. Phymatopteris hirtella (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

昆明假瘤蕨kun ming jia liu jue

Phymatopsis hirtella Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 191. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, 4 x 1-1.5 mm, brown on central portion, paler towards edges, covered with whitish-ciliate on lower surface and edges. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 8-10 cm long, stramineous, sparsely hairy. Lamina pinnately parted, 20-25 x 15-20 cm, cuneate at base. Lateral lobes 4-6 pairs, ascending, lanceolate, 6-8 x 1-2 cm, acuminate at apex, with notches or undulate at margin. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, medial.

   Terrestrial in Pinus yunnanensis forests, 2000-2100m. Yunnan (Kunming, Yuanmou). [Endemic to China].

25. Phymatopteris falcatopinnata (Hayata) S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 183. 2000.

镰羽假瘤蕨lian yu jia liu jue

Polypodium falcattopinnatum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 247. f. 172. 1914; Phymatodes falcatopinnata (Hayata) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 66. 1933; Phymatopsis falcatopinnata (Hayata) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 99. 1935; Crypsinus taeniatus (Sw. ) Copel. var. palmatus auct.: Shieh et al. in H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 1: 175. 1975; Phymatopsis taeniata (Sw. ) Ching var. palmata auct.: Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 194. 1964 (non Polypodium palmatum Bl., 1828).

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 5 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales lanceolate, reddish-brown or  turning darker when old, broad at peltate base, acuminate with hair-tipped at apex, entire or remotely denticulate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 15-20 cm long, stramineous.  Lamina pinnately parted or pinnately divided, 25-50 x 20-30 cm, cuneate at base. Lateral lobes/pinnae  2-3 pairs, opposite, linear-lanceolate, 12-15 x 1-1.5 cm, ascending at base, acuminate at apex, falcate ( bending downwards) at upper portion, margin with notches or subentire. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, slightly close to costa..

    Taiwan (Type from Is. Lanyu). [Endemic].

26. Phymatopteris kingpingensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

金平假瘤蕨jin ping jia liu jue

Phymatopsis kingpingensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 191. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm diam., covered with whitish-bloom and sparsely scales; scales lanceolate, black, acuminate at apex, with whitish-ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to  rhizome. Stipes 10-15 cm long, stramineous to light brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-   30 x 15-20 cm, rounded at base. Lateral lobes 1-8 pairs, lanceolate, 8-10 x 1-1.5 cm, acuminate at  apex, usually constracted at base, margin with cartilaginous and sparsely notches. Lateral veins distinct, not ending to edge, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slight near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks in evergreen broad-leaf forests, 2000-2100 m. Yunnan (Jingping). [Endemic to China].

27. Phymatopteris connexa (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

耿马假瘤蕨geng ma jia liu jue

Phymatodes connexa Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. New Ser. 1: 306. 1949; Phymatopsis connexa (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 192. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely covered scales throughout; scales lanceolate, yellowish-brown, 5 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 15-20 x 10-15 cm, broad-cuneate at base. Lateral lobes usually 2-4 pairs, ascending, lanceolate, 5-8 cm x 8-12 mm, acuminate at apex, margin with notches. Costa distinct, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, medial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks in forests, 2500 - 3000 m. Yunnan (Gengma, Luqian, Jindong, Wenshan and Lushui). [Endemic to China].

28. Phymatopteris daweishanensis S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 348. 2000.

大围山假瘤蕨da wei shan jia liu jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, glaucous   or whitish, acuminate at apex, margin with long whitish-ciliate. Fronds close or remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 8-10 cm long, dark stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, ovate, 15-17 x  15-17 cm, broad-cuneate to truncate at base. Lateral lobes 3-4 pairs, lanceolate, 10-15 x 1-2 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, slightly constracted at base, margin with notches. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Texture herbaceous, pale green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, very near to margins.

    Epiphytic on tree-branches in evergreen broad-leaf forests, 1600 m. Yunnan (Pingbian, Daweishan Mt. ). [Endemic to China].

29. Phymatopteris subebenipes (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

苍山假瘤蕨cang shan jia liu jue

Phymatopsis subebenipes Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 193. 1964; Phymatopsis ebenipes (Hook. ) J. Sm. var. subebenipes (Ching) Iwatsuki in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III, 14: 33. 1986.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., very densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, castaneous or dark brown, stiff, acute at apex, ciliate at mrgin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-15 x 8-13 cm, truncate to cordate at base. Lateral lobes usually 3-4 pairs, lanceolate, 5-6 x 1-1.5 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, margin with notches. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, anastomosing to form areoles with free included veinlets. Texture herbaceous, green and glabrous on upper surface, pale green and scaly on lower surface, scales ovate, brown, thin. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, close to the costa. Spores surface with densely verrucates.

    Terrestrial or epiphytic on rocks, 2300-3000 m. Yunnan(Dali Changshan Mt.). [Endemic].

30. Phymatopteris ebenipes (Hook. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973

黑鳞假瘤蕨hei lin jia liu jue

Polypodium ebenipes Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 88. 1864; Pleopeltis ebenipes (Hook.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 138. pl. 138. 1866; Phymatodes ebenipes (Hook.) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 86. 1933; Phymatopsis ebenipes (Hook.) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 105. 1875; Crypsinus ebenipes (Hook.) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947.

30a. var. ebenipes

黑鳞假瘤蕨hei lin jia liu jue (原变种)

Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6 mm in diam., very densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, 5 mm long, stiff, black in central portion, castaneous or dark brown towards margin, acute at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous to light purpure, densely scaly at base, scales become small and sparsely further up. Lamina pinnately parted, 20-30(50) x 15-20 cm, truncate or cordate at base. Lateral lobes usually 6-10 pairs, lanceolate, lower 1-2 pairs deflexed, the others patent or ascending,10-15 x 1.5 -2 cm, acuminate at apex, margin with notches. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure, anastomosing to form areoles with free included veinlets. Texture herbaceous, green and glabrous on upper surface, pale green and scaly on lower surface, scales ovate,brown or light brown, thin, more densely on rachis. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to costa. Spores with sparsely verrucates on surface.

    Terrestrial or epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocksm, 1900-3200 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan and Hunan. [Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, NE. India and Thailand].

30b. var. oakesii (Clarke) Satija et Bir in Aspects Pl. Sci. 8: 61. 1985.

毛轴黑鳞假瘤蕨mao zhou hei lin jia liu jue（变种）

Polypodium ebenipes Hook. var. oakesii Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: Bot. 1: 564.1880.

    Differs from var. ebenipes in rachis and costa pubescent.

    Epiphytic on rocks, 2300-3500 m. Yunnan and Xizang. [NE. India].

31. Phymatopteris echinospora (Tagawa) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

大叶玉山假瘤蕨da ye yu shan jia liu jue

Phymatodes echinospora Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 95. 1934; Phymatopsis echinospora (Tagawa) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 99. 1935; Crypsinus echinosporus (Tagawa) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952.

    Rhizome long-creeping, thick, 8-12 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 6-7 x 1 mm, dark brown at peltate part, brown on the other parts, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-15 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 15-20 x 10-15 cm, truncate or cordate at base. Lateral lobes 5-11 pairs, linear-lanceolate, 5-10 cm x 8-18 mm, lowest pair deflexed, upper pairs patent, acuminate at apex, margins thickened with notches. Costa and lateral veins distinct, raised on both surfaces, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, large, in one row on either side of costa, close to edges, sunken in cavities on lower surface and raised on upper surface. Spoes with echinates on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2000-2400 m. Taiwan. [Endemic to China].

32. Phymatopteris quasidivaricata (Hayata) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464.1973.

展羽假瘤蕨zhan yu jia liu jue

Polypodium quasidivaricatum Hayata, Mat. Fl. Formos. 446. 1911; Polypodium divaricatum Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 78. 1909 ( non Fourn. 1872 ); Phymatodes quasidivaricata (Hayata) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 87. 1933; Phymatopsis quasidivaricata (Hayata) H. Ito in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11: 100. 1935; Crypsinus quasidivaricatus (Hayata) Copel., Gen. Fil. 206. 1947; Crypsinus veitchii auct., non (Bak. ) Copel.: Shieh et in H. L. Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 1: 177. 1975; Polypodium morisanum C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 60. 1913; Phymatodes intermedia Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 181. 1940; Phymatopsis intermedia (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 193. 1964; Crypsinus intermedia (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952; Phymatopteris intermedia (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales linear-lanceolate, 5 x 1 mm, castaneous on central part, brown or light brown on the other parts, acuminate at apex, with long ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-20 x 5-15 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-5 pairs, linear-lanceolate, 5-7 x 1-1.5 cm, acuminate at apex, slightly constracted at base, margin with notches or serrulates, lowest pair usually much deflexed, upper pairs patent or ascending. Costa and lateral veins distinct on both surfaces, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightyl near to the costa, superficial.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks in forests, 2800-3300 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Hubei and Taiwan. [N. India and Nepal].

33. Phymatopteris albopes (C. Chr. et Ching ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

灰鳞假瘤蕨hui lin jia liu jue

Polypodium albopes C. Chr. et Ching in Bull. Dept. Biol. Sunyatsen Univ. 6: 15. 1933; Phymatodes albopes (C. Chr. et Ching) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 87. 1933; Phymatopsis albopes (C. Chr. et Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 192. 1964; Phymatodes chinensis Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 180. 1940; Crypsinus chinensis (Ching) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 130. 1952; Polypodium sp. Wu, Wang et Pong, Polyp. Yaoshan. 300. pl. 141. 1932.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales linear-lanceolate, whitish, glaucous or light brown, become dark when older, 6-7 mm long, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 8-12 cm long, light brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 20-25 x 10-15 cm, truncate or cordate at base. Lateral lobes 8-10 pairs, lanceolate, 5-8 x 1-1.5 cm, acuminate at apex, margin with notches, lowest pair deflexed, upper pairs patent or ascending. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Costa distinct and raised on both surfaces, lateral veins and veinlets obscure, anastomosing to form areoles with included veinlets. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near or slightly near to edges, sunken on lower surface and raised on upper surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks. Yunnan, Guangxi (Yaoshan Mt.), Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian. [Endemic to China].

34. Phymatopteris pianmaensis W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. Suppl. 5: 56. t. 38. 1992.

片马假瘤蕨pian ma jia liu jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, 4-5 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 10 x 2 mm, brown on peltate centre, whitish on other parts, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Laminae pinnately parted or pinnately divided on lower portion, 10-20 x 5-12 cm, truncate or cordate at base. Lateral lobes 5-8 pairs, lanceolate, 2-6 x 1-1.8 cm, lowest pair deflexed, upper pairs patent, obtuse at apex, slightly constracted at base, margin with sparsely notches. Costa distinct, lateral veins slender, hardly visible, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, pubescent on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2100 m. Yunnan (Lushui, Pingbian). [Endemic to China].

35. Phymatopteris erythrocarpa (Mett. ex Kuhn ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

锡金假瘤蕨xi jin jia liu jue

Polypodium erythrocarpum Mett. ex Kuhn in Linnaea. 36. 135. 1869; Goniophlebium erythrocarpum (Mett. ex Kuhn) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 21. pl. 382. 1876; Phymatodes erythrocarpa (Mett. ex Kuhn) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 80. 1933; Phymatopsis erythrocarpa (Mett. ex Kuhn) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 191. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales lanceolate, black or dark brown, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, pubescent. Lamina pinnately parted or pinnately divided at lower portion, 10-15 x 5-10 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 5-7 pairs, lanceolate, 2-5 x 1 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, slightly constracted at base, crenate-serrate and ciliate at margin. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture papyraceous, green, densely hairy on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2700-2800 m. Xizang (Medong). [Nepal and Sikkim].

36. Phymatopteris nigrovenia (Christ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

毛叶假瘤蕨mao ye jia liu jue

Polypodium shensiense Christ var. nigrovenium Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 15: 106. 1906; Polypodium nigrovenium (Christ) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 1: 150. 1930; Phymatodes nigrovenia (Christ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 79. 1933; Phymatopsis nigrovenia (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 191. 1964; Phymatopsis laipoensis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 196. 1964; Phymatopteris laipoensis (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(20: 463. 1973.

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, ca. 2 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and sparsely scales; scales lanceolate, 3 mm long, black or dark brown on young part, acuminate at apex, sparsely ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 4-6 cm long, slender, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 8-10 x 5-6 cm, shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 3-5 pairs, lanceolate, 3-4 x 1 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, usually constracted at base, shallowly serrate at margin, lowest pair deflexed. Veins distinct on both surfaces, lateral veins tortuous, veinlets anastomosing to form two row areoles with included veinlets on either sides of costa. Texture papyraceous, pubescent on upper surface and glabrous on lower surface. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2500-3300 m. Yunnan, Sichuan (Omei Mt.) and Hubei. [Endemic].

37. Phymatopteris incisocrenata Ching ex W. M. Chu et S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 348. 2000.

圆齿假瘤蕨yuan chi jia liu jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, ca. 2 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and scales; scales lanceolate, 4 mm long, dark brown, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 10-15 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 12-15 x 10-12 cm, shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 4-7 pairs, lanceolate, 4-6 x 1.5-2 cm, acute at apex, crenate-serrate at margin, lowest pair deflexed, upper pairs patent or ascending. Veins distinct on both surfaces, lateral veins tortuous, veinlets anastomosing to form 3-5 row areoles on either side of costa, with free or forked included veinlets. Texture papyraceous, pubescent on upper surface and glabrous on lower surface. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa. Spores with densely short echinates on surfaces.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2500-3100 m. Yunnan. [Endemic to China].

38. Phymatopteris shensiensis (Christ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

陕西假瘤蕨shan xi jia liu jue

Polypodium shensiense Christ in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. ser. 2. 4: 99. pl. 3. f. 2. 1897; Phymatopsis shensiensis (Christ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 195. 1964; Polypodium senanense Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 12: 571. 1886; Polypodium shensiense Christ var. filipes Christ in Bull. Herb. Bioss. ser. 2. 4: 618. 1904.

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, 1.5-2 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, brown or dark brown at peltate base, acuminate at apex, sparsely ciliatae at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 2-5 cm long, slender, stramineous or dark stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 5-10 x 5-7 cm, truncate or shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-5 pairs, 2-3 x 1 cm, obtuse or acute at apices, usually constracted at base, shallowly serrate at margin, lowest pair slightly deflexed at base. Costa and lateral veins distinct on both surfaces, veinlets hardly visible. Texture herbaceous, greyish-green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to the costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, or rare terrestrial, 1300-3600 m. Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan. [Endemic to China].

39. Phymatopteris crenatopinnata (Clarke) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

紫柄假瘤蕨zi bing jia liu jue

Polypodium crenatopinnatum Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. London 25: 99. t. 42. 1889; Pleopeltis crenatopinnata (Clarke) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 96. 1892; Phymatodes crenatopinnata (Clarke) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 80. 1933; Phymatopsis crenatopinnata (Clarke) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 197. 1964; Polypodium pseudoserratum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 671. 1898; Polypodium connatum Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. 1907: 141. 1907.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, brown, black on peltate centre, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articularte to rhizome. Stipes 10-20 cm long, purpure or castaneous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted or pinnately divided at lower portion, deltoid-ovate, 5-15 x 5-10 cm, truncate at base. Lateral lobes 3-6 pairs, far apart, the base decurrent to form very narrow wing of rachis, 5-10 x 0.5-1.2 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, distinctly constracted at base, inciso-crenate or pinnately lobed at margin. Veins distinct, anastomosing to form areoles with free included veinlets. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round or elliptic, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly near to costa.

    Terrestrial in forests, 1900-2900 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan. [NE. India].

40. Phymatopteris glaucopsis (Franch.) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 462. 1973.

刺齿假瘤蕨ci chi jia liu jue

Polypodium glaucopsis Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 29. 1885; Pleopeltis glaucopsis (Franch.) Bedd., Handb. Suppl. 96. 1892; Phymatopsis glaucopsis (Franch.) Ching in Acta Phtytotax. Sin. 9(2): 194. 1964; Crypsinus glaucopsis (Franch.) Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 193. 1952; Polypodium veitchii var. glaucopsis (Franch.) C. Chr. apud Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 6: 44. 1929; Phymatodes veitchii var. glaucopsis (Franch. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 85. 1933.

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, castaneous on peltate centre, brown on other parts, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 5-15 cm long, brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 7-15 x 5-10 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-3 pairs, close each other, 3-5 x 1-2 cm, broadest at middle portion, obtuse at apex, constracted at base, sharp-pointed serrulate at margin. Lateral veins tortuous, not ending to margin, veinlets anastomosing to form areoles. Texture papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slight near to costa.

    Terrestrial or epiphytic on rocks, 2700-3700 m. Yunnan and Sichuan. [N. India and Sikkim].

41. Phymatopteris cnmixta (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

钝羽假瘤蕨dun yu jia liu jue

Phymatodes conmixta Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. New Ser. 1: 307. 1949; Phymatopsis conmixta (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 197. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, slender, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, light brown on young parts and become dark brown on old parts, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin, Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 5-10 cm long, purpure, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted or pinnately divided on lower portion, 10-15 x 5-8 cm, shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 5-7 pairs, far apart, linear, 3-5 x 0.5-1 cm, obtuse at apex, usually not constracted at base, densely serrulate or duplicato-serrulate at margin. Costa and lateral veins distinct, veinlets hardly visible. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori elliptic or round, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly near to costa.

    Terrestrial or epiphytic on rocks in forests, 3100-3600m. Yunnan and Sichuan. [Endemic].

42. Phymatopteris stracheyi (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

斜下假瘤蕨xie xia jia liu jue

Phymatodes stracheyi Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 83. 1933; Polypodium stracheyi (Ching) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 159. 1934; Phymatopsis stracheyi (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 195. 1964; Polypodium stewartii auct.: Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2. Bot. 1: 563. 1880 ( non Pleopeltis stewartii Bedd., 1866); Polypodium trifidum Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: Mem. 1: 17. 1905 ( non Don, 1825); Polypodium malacodon auct.: Bak. in Journ. Bot. 1889: 177. 1889( non Hook., 1863).

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, castaneous on centre, brown on edges and apex, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 5-8 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-12 x 10-12 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-4 pairs, lanceolate, 5-7 x 1-1.5 cm, broadest at base, narrowing from base to acuminate apex, densely serrulate at margin, lowest pair deflexed. Lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2800-3700 m. Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang and Hubei. [N. India, Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal].

43. Phymatopteris conjuncta (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 461. 1973.

交连假瘤蕨jiao lian jia liu jue

Phymatopsis conjuncta Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 196. 1964; Phymatopsis wuyishania Ching et Shing in Journ. Wuyi Sci. 1: 10. 1981.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, usually black on peltate centre, brown or pale brown on other parts, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate. Stipes 5-10 cm long, stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-15 x 6-12 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-4 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 x 1.5-2 cm, acute or obtuse at apex, slightly constracted at base, usually broadest at middle portion, sharp-pointed serrate at margin, lowest pair deflexed. Lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 1550-3600 m. Yunnan, Xizang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Fujian, Henan and Shaanxi. [Endemic to China].

44. Phymatopteris stewartii (Bedd. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

尾尖假瘤蕨wei jian jia liu jue

Pleopeltis stewartii Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 2: 204. pl. 204. 1866; Bak. in Hook., Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 513. 1873; Phymatodes stewartii (Bedd. ) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 81. 1933; Phymatopsis stewartii (Bedd. ) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 196. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm diam., covered with whitish-bloom and scales; scales lanceolate, castaneous or black, acuminate at apex, with whitish-ciliate at margin. Fronds remote or close, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 7-10 cm long, light brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 15-30 x  10-18 cm, rounded or shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 2-4 pairs, 10-15 x 1-2 cm, patent and slightly constracted at base, from middle portion bending towards to the apex of lamina, caudately acuminate at apex, regular serrate at margin, top of serrate obtuse, rarely the base lobe forked. Lateral veins distinct, not reach edges, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2400-3000 m. Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang. [N. India, Nepal and Sikkim].

45. Phymatopteris nigropaleacea (Ching) S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 198. 2000.

乌鳞假瘤蕨wu lin jia liu jue

Phymatopsis nigropaleacea Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 196. 1964; Phymatopsis stewartii var. nigropaleacea (Ching) X. Cheng in W. T. Wang, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mt. 1: 178. 1993.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm diam., covered with whitish bloom and scales; scales lanceolate, black, 4-5 mm long, acuminate at apex, with densely whitish ciliate at margin. Fronds close or remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, light purpure, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted or pinnately divided at lower portion, 15-35 x 7-15 cm, rounded at base. Lateral lobes 4-9 pairs, lanceolate, 5-8 x 1-1.5 cm, acuminate at apex, bending towards to th apex of lamina, with stramineously duplicato-serrate at margin, top of serrate sharp-pointed, 3-5 serrates between adjacent lateral veins. Lateral veins distinct, not ending to  edges, veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, slightly near to costa.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2600-3800 m. Yunnan and Sichuan. [Endemic to China].

46. Phymatopteris roseomarginata (Ching) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 464. 1973.

紫边假瘤蕨zi bian jia liu jue

Phymatodes roseomarginata Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. ser. 2. 1: 305. 1949; Phymatopsis roseomarginata (Ching) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 194. 1964.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., covered with whitish bloom and scales; scales black, lanceolate, acuminate at apex, with whitish ciliate at margin. Fronds remote or close, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 2-4 cm long, slender, light brown, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 5-10 x 5-7 cm, rounded or broad-cuneate at base. Lateral lobes 2-3 pairs, bending towards to the apex of lamina, 2-4  x 0.5 -1 cm, acuminate or caudately acuminate at apex, decurrent at base, cartilaginous edges usually purpure or reddish, with densely sharp-pointed serrulates. Lateral veins distinct, not ending to edges,  veinlets obscure. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, medial.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 3200 m. Yunnan. [Endemic to China].

47. Phymatopteris tibetana (Ching et S. K. Wu) W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. Suppl. 5: f. 39. 1992.

西藏假瘤蕨xi zang jia liu jue

Phymatopsis tibetana Ching et S. K. Wu in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 325. pl. 83. f. 5-6. 1983.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 3-4 mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales ovate-lanceolate, black at peltate centre, reddish-brown on other parts, acuminate at apex, ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to the rhizome. Stipes 15-20 cm long, light purpure, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, oblong-deltoid, 15-20 x15-18 cm, truncate or shallowly cordate at base. Lateral lobes 3-6 pairs, lanceolate, 8-10 x 1.5-2 cm, acuminate at apex, shallowly serrate at margin. Lateral veins distinct on both surfaces and ending to edges, veinlets hardly visible. Texture herbaceous, glabrous, pale green on beneath. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, near to costa. Spores with verrucate on surface.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, 2400-3400 m. Type from Xizang. Xizang and Yunnan. [Endemic to China].

48. Phymatopteris cartilagineo-serrata (Ching et S. K. Wu) S. G. Lu in Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 6(2): 199. 2000.

芒刺假瘤蕨mang ci jia liu jue

Phymatopsis cartilagieo-serrata Ching et S. K. Wu in C. Y. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 323. pl. 81. f.   1-2. pl. 10. f. 3-4. 1983.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3 mm in diam., densely scaly; scales ovate-lanceolate, dark brown in centre, shining, acuminate at apex, light brown and ciliate at margin. Fronds remote, articulate.Stipes  1-4 cm long, slender, straminaeous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, deltoid, 4-8 x 3-6 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes 1-2 pairs, lowest pair curved, deflexed at base, bending at apex, patent or slight ascending further up, 2-3 x 1-1.5 cm, obtuse or acute at apex, with 2 mm long aristate at the top of      serrulates at margin. Lateral veins distinct, veinlets hardly visible. Texture herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori in one row on either side of costa, near to costa. Spores with minutely verrucate on surface.

    Epiphytic on rocks, 3200 m. Xizang. [Endemic to China].

49. Phymatopteris malacodon (Hook. ) Pichi Serm. in Webbia 28(2): 463. 1973.

弯弓假瘤蕨wan gong jia liu jue

Polypodium malacodon Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 87. 1864; Pleopeltis malacodon (Hook.) Bedd., Handb. 363. 1883 (excl. syn., non Bedd., 1876 ); Phymatodes malacodon (Hook.) Ching in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2(3): 83. 1933; Phymatopsis malacodon (Hook.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 195. 1964; Polypodium austrosinicum Christ in Bull. Acad. Geogr. Bot. Mans. 1906: 107. 1906 ( non C. Chr., 1905); Polypodium albidoglaucum C. Chr., Ind. Fil. Suppl. 1: 58. 1913.

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 3mm in diam., densely scaly throughout; scales lanceolate, ca. 4 mm long, black or dark brown on centre, pale brown toward edges, acuminate at apex, toothed at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome. Stipes 5-10 cm long, purpure or stramineous, glabrous. Lamina pinnately parted, 10-15 x 8-14 cm, cordate at base. Lateral lobes usually 1-3 pairs, lowest pair slightly deflexed at base and bending upward at apex, 5-7 x 1.5-2 cm, acute at apex, serrulate or duplicato-serrate at margin, top of serrate sharp-pointed, without aristate. Midrib and lateral veins usually tortuous, veinlets hardly visible. Texture subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, green on upper surface and pale green on beneath. Sori round, in one row on either side of costa, medial or slightly near to costa.

   Epiphytic on tree-trunks or on rocks, 2800-3700 m. Yunnan, Sichuan and Xizang. [N. India, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal].

4. SELLIGUEA Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 6: 587. l824.

修蕨属xiu jue shu

    Epiphytic. Rhizome long-creeping, woody, densely covered with scales; scales reddish-brown, ovate-lanceolate, opaque, peltate. Fronds remote, monomorphic or slightly dimorphic, articulate to rhizome. Stipes stramineous, scaly at base, glabrous upwards, usually stipes of fertile fronds longer than those of sterile fronds. Laminae simple, ovate, entire at margin, sterile laminae broader than those fertile laminae. Veins reticulate with included veinlets, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous, yellowish-green, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori linear, borne between adjacent lateral veins, parallel to the lateral veins, continuous or interrupted. Sporangia with long stalks; annulus with 14 indurated cells. Spores brown, ellipsoidal, exospore thin, surface with tuberculate or verrucate. x = 37.

    About 15 species in Asia, Australia, Pacific, South Africa and Madagascar. One of them in China (Guangdong).

1. Selliguea feei Bory, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 6: 588. 1824.

修蕨xiu jue

    Rhizome long-creeping, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely covered with scales when young; scales ovate-lanceolate, reddish-brown, 6-8 mm long, peltate at base, acuminate at apex, entire at margin. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome, slightly dimorphic. Fertile fronds: stipes 20-35 cm long, laminae ovate, 13-20 x 3 cm, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base. Sterile fronds: stipes 18-20 cm long, laminae broad-ovate, 15-20 x 7-9 cm, acute at apex, broad-cuneate at base, entire at margin. Veins reticulate, lateral veins raised on lower surface, veinlets obscure. Texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Sori linear, ca. 3 mm diam., reddish-brown, borne between adjacent lateral veins. Spores ellipsoidal, outer surface with tuberculate.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks, lower than 1200m. Guangdong. [Indonesia, Philippines to Polynesia].

5. CHRISTIOPTERIS Copel. in Perkins Fragmenta 188. 1905.

戟蕨属ji jue shu

    Usually epiphytic, sometimes terrestrial, medium-sized ferns. Rhizome long-creeping, densely covered with scales; scales dark brown, linear-lanceolate, peltate at base, hair-like at apex, entire or sparsely toothed at margin, opaque. Fronds remote, articulate to rhizome, dimorphic. Sterile fronds trilobate or pinnatifid, the lobes broadly, entire; veins reticulate with branched included veinlets; texture coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces or scaly on lower surface when young, scales ovate, peltate. Fertile fronds strongly contracted, trilobate or pinnatifid; lobes linaer-lanceolate. Sori covering the whole lower surface of fertile fronds, mixed with short simple or branched paraphyses. Sporangia with long stalks; annulus with about 14 indurated cells. Spores ellipsoidal, hyaline; with shallowly tuberculate on surface. Chromosome number as yet unknown.

    There are 3 species known in the tropical Asia, one of them is in China (Hainan).

1. Christiopteris tricuspis (Hook.) Christ apud Morot in Journ. Bot. France 21: 273. 1908.

戟蕨ji jue

Acrostichum tricuspe Hook., Sp. Fil. 5: 272. t. 304. 1864; Gymnopteris tricuspis (Hook.) Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. 53. pl. 53. 1866; Leptochilus tricuspis (Hook.) C. Chr., Ind. Fil. 388. 1906; Cheiropleuria tricuspis (Hook. ) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 139. 1875.

    Rhizome long-creeping, 5-6 mm in diam., densely covered with scales; scales reddish-brown, 5-6 mm long, ovate-lanceolate at base, subulate with long tails at apex, minutely serrate at margin. Fronds remote. Stipes 20-35 cm long, stramineous or castaneous, glabrous, the stipes of fertile fronds longer than those of sterile fronds. Laminae dimorphic. Sterile laminae deeply tri-lobed or pinnatilobate, lobes 20-35 x 2.5-7cm, central lobe larger than the lateral lobes, acuminate at apex, entire at margin; veins reticulate with simple or branched included veinlets, hardly visible; texture coriaceous, pale green, glabrous on both surfaces. Fertile laminae much contracted, lobes linear, 30-40 x 1-1.5 cm. Sori covered entirely on the lower surface, mixed with simple paraphyses.

    Epiphytic on tree-trunks or rarely terrestrial, 500-800 m. Hainan. [Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam to Malaya].

2005年12月22日修改