POLYPODIACEAE (part 1) [FIRST DRAFT]
水龙骨科shui long gu ke
Lin You-xin (林尤興)
[Belvisia, Drymotaenium, Lemmaphyllum, Lepidogrammitis, Lepisorus, Pyrrosia]
1. LEPIDOGRAMMITIS Ching, in Sunyatsenia 5(4) : 258. 1940.
骨牌蕨属 gu pai jue shu
Small epiphytic plant. Rhizomes slender and greeping, thick as iron wire, palely green, sparsely covered clathrate scales or subglabrous. Fronds remote, carnous, dimorphic or subdimorphic; stipes short or subsessile; sterile fronds lanceolate to rounded, under surface sparsely covered scales; fertile fronds narrowly lanceolate to short ligulate, after dry hardly coriaceous, palely green. Veination reticulate, unobvious, usally with simple or forked included weilets. Sori rounded, free, in one row along each side of main vein, covered peltate paraphymas when young, the paraphymas clathrate denticulate at margin. Spores monolete, bilateral, experispore, exine thicker, outline undulate or serrated, irregular feveolate by strait observed. Chromosome X = 13 (36).
Specimem for type on genus : Lepidogrmmitis drymoglosssoides ( Baker) Ching.
About 8 species; 7 species in China, one to N. India and Myanmar.
1a. Frnds monomorphic or dimorphic sometime.
2a. Frond monomorpic; laminae elliptic, apex obtuse, ca. 5 cm long, Stipes usually slender, short----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. L. rostrata
2b. Fronds dimorphic sometime; sterile fronds ligulately lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate or sublinear -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. L. diversa
1b. Fronds obviously dimorphic.
3a.Sterile fronds subpyriform or longly ovate, bases rounded or roundly cuneate--------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. L. pyriformis
3b. Sterile fronds globose or oblong or oblongly lanceolate, bases cuneate.
4a. Sterile fronds usually globose or obovate; fertile fronds ligulate or oblanceolate-------------------------------------------------------------4. L. drymoglossoides
4b. Stelile fronds longly rounded or oblongly lanceolae; fertile fronds linearly lanceolate, linear or loriformis.
5a. Sterile fronds oblong; fertile fronds linearly lanceolate----------------5. L. intermidia.
5b. Sterile fronds oblongly lanceolate; fertile fronds linear or loriformis.
6a. Sterile frands oblongly lanceolste or elliptic; fertile fronds subloriformis, Sori attached nearly margin and protruded out side of margin when maturity------ --------------------------------------------------------------6. L. adnascens
6b. Strile fronds ovately lanceolate or brodly ovato-lanceolate. Sori attached at mid parts of laminae and inptruded out side of margin when maaturity --------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. L. elongata
1. Lepidogrammitis rostrata (Bedd.) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin.9: 372. 1964.
骨牌蕨 gu pai jue
Pleopeltis rostrata Bedd., Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 159. 1867; Polypodium substrtum C. Chr. ; . Lepitogrammitis sucstrata Ching.
Plants ca. 10 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, thick ca. 1mm. in diam. Green, covered scales; the scales subulately lanceolaate, denticulate at margin. Fronds remote, monomorphic; ssterile fronds lanceolate or elliptic, apxes obtuse, bases cuneate and decurrent; 6 – 10 x 2 – 2. 5 cm. entire, cornous, after dry coriaceous, palely brown, subglabrous on both surfaces. Both sides of costae raised, veinlets slightly visible, with simple or foked included veinlets. Sori rounded, located usually above brodest parts of laminae, in one row on each side of main vein, covered peltate paraphymas when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 240 – 1700 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indo-China peninsula, Myanmar]。
2. Lepidogrammitis diveersa (Rosenst.) Ching in Acta Bot. Yun. 1: 24. 1979.
披针骨牌蕨 pi zhen gu pai jue
Polypodium diversum Rosenst. In Hedwigia 56: 346. 1915; Lepidogrammitis rostrata De Vol & Kou ; Lemmaphyllum diversum ( Rosenst. ) De Vol & C. M. Cuo; L. christenii Ching ; Lepidogrammitis christensenii Ching; L. kansuensis Ching.
Plants ca. 10 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping,densely covered scales; the scales brown, subutly lanceolate, margin serrate. Fronds remote, monomorphic or subdimorphic; stipes much varied, 0. 5 to 3 cm long, stramineous, smooth; sterile fronds undifferent so much with fertile ones, laminae normally narrowly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, stipes 0.5-1.2 cm long, apex acute, ca. 3.5- 8 x 0.5 – 0.8 cm, fertile fronds much varied on outline, stipes 1.2-2 cm long, laminae usually beltly lanceolate to broaly lanceolate, apex shortly acute, 6-9 x 0.3-2.8 cm, after dry subcoriaceous, brown, smooth. Both sides of costa raised, veilets unobvious. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, lithtly near to main vein.
On rocks by forest edges or under thickets by stream sides ; 700 – 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdon, Guangxi, Gansu, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
Whole plats are used medicines, agaist inflammation iliminate wetness and stoping bleeding, for arthralgia due to wind wetness evil, bleed due to surgical trauma ect.
3. Lepidogrammitis pyriformis (Ching ) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940.
梨叶骨牌蕨 li ye gu pai jue
Plypodium pyriformis Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. 2: 212. 1930; Lepidogrammitis pyriforme Ching.
Plants ca. 5 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, thick ca. 1.5mm in diam. caveered
Subulatly lanceolate, denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds phriform to longly ovate, nearly sessile, 3 – 5 x 1.5 – 2 cm, apexes short acuminate, bases subrounded or roundly cuneate and decurrent, entire or lightly undulaate; fertile fronds longer and narrower, sublanceolate, carnous, after dry coriaceoaceous smooth on upper surfaces, spasely with scales on under surfaces. Main vein obvious, veinlets unobvious. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein and slightly closse to main vein.
On rocks under forest; ca. 1900 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan [ Japan].
Speciment of type collected from Hubei (Badong).
4. Lepidogrammiitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940;
抱树莲 bao shu lian
Polypodium drymoglossoides Baker J. Bot. 170. 1887; Lemmaphyllum drymoglossoides Ching.
Rhizomes slender and creeping,covered subulatly lanceolate, denticulate, brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile froands elongate,to ovate, 1 – 2cm long or bit longer, apexes rounded or obtusely rounded, bases cuneate, subsessile, entire; fertile fronds ligulate or oblanceolate, 3 – 6 cm long, less than 1 cm wide, bases attenuate, subsessile or short stiped; sometime same shape with sterile one, carnose, after dry coriaceus, smooth on upper surfaces, spasely covered scales on under surfaces. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, located between main vein and margin.
On shady and wet tree trunks or rocks; 200 – 1400 m. Widely distributed provinces of changjiang valley and Fujian, Gansu, guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, shanxi.
Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
Whole plants are used a medicines be able to cool blood and remove the toxic materials to treat scrofula ect.
5. Lepidogrammitis intermidia Ching, Fl. Tsinglin 2: 180. 1974.
中间骨牌蕨 zhon jian gu pai jue
Plants 3 – 7 (-10) cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, sparsely covered subulatly lanceolate, denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds elongate to lanceolate, 3 – 6 x 0.8 – 2 cm. attenuated to bothends, obtus or rounded-obtus at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, entire, stipe 2 mm long; fertile fronds narrowly lanceolate or linearly lanceolate, obtuse at apexes, 4.8 – 8 x ca.0. 5 cm. after dry subcoriaceous, sparsely coveered scales on under surfaces. Main vein obviously raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of main vein, some of them convergent when matured, but inprotruding outside margin of the frond.
*On rocks under forest; 800 – 1200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, zhejiang.
Specimen of type collected from Sichuan (Baoxin).
6. Lepidogrammitis adnascens (Ching) Ching in Sunyatsenia 5(4): 258. 1940.
贴生骨牌蕨 tie sheng gu pai jue
Lemmaphyllum adnascens Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 101. 1933.
Rhizomes slerder and creeping, thick ca 1 mm in diam. covered subulatly lanceolate, deticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, 3–4 cm apart, dimorphic; Sterile fronds longly lanceolate to elliptic, stipe 1 – 15 cm long, laminae 4 – 10 x 1 – 1.5 cm. bases cuneate and decureent, apexes roundly obtuse, cornous, grayish green on upper surfaces, sparsely covereed scales on under surfaces. slightly recurled when after dry; fertile fronds much longer, strongly attenuate, 8 – 16 x 0.5 cm. linear, obtuse at apexes, stipes 2 – 3 cm long. Main vein raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori large size, elliptic, ones on lower parts expended reached to 3 – 4 mm long, ones on upper parts shorter, densely touched from each other, inconvergent and spreading to the end of laminae, located between main vein and margin and clsse to margin, prodruting outsides of laminae when maturity.
Endemic Sichuan (Guan xian).
7. Lepidogrammitis elongata Ching, Fl. Tsingling. 2: 181. 1974.
长叶骨牌蕨 chang ye gu pai jue
Plants ca 10 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, covered subulatly lanceolate,denticulate brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds susally broadly lanceolate, apexes shortly hebetate, stipe ca. 2 mm long, 6 – 8 x 1.5 – 2. 5 cm. Palely brown, sparsely covered scales on lower surfaces; fertile fronds elongatly lanceolate, stipe 0.5 – 4 cm long, 5 – 11 mm. wide at mid-parts, brown, apexes shortly hebetate, after dry palely brown, hardly coriaceous. Main vein raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, in one row on each side of Main vein, some convergented when maturity, but inprotruding outside of margin of lamina.
On rocks under forest; 1350 – 2200 m.; Guizhou, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan.
Specimen collected from Guizhou (Qinzhen).
10. LEMMAPHYLLUM C. Presl, Epinum. Bot. 157. 1849.
伏石蕨属 fu shi jue shu
Small ephytic plants. Rhizomes slender creeping, covered scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, entire or irregularly branched on lower part. Fronds sparse, dimorphic; stipes articulated; stelile fronds obovate or elliptic, entire, subcarnose, glabrous or subglabrous or sparsely covered scales; fertile fronds linear or linearly oblanceolate. Veins reticulate, main vein obscure, free included veinlets usually towards main vein. Sori linear, parallel with main vein, contiguous, but normally apexes of fronds sterile; paraphymas peltate, clathrate, denticulate at margin; annuluses of sporangia consisted of ca. 14 incrassated cells. Spores elliptic, monolete, trasparrent or subtransparrent, inperispore. Chromosome x = 12(36).
Species of type on this genus: Lemmaphyllum spathulatum C. Presl, original locality in Philippines (Luzon).
About 6 spicies, 2 species in china.
1a. Sterile fronds subglobose or ovately rounded, 1.6 – 3.5 x 1.2 – 1. 5 cm. nearly sessile or with ca. 4 mm long stipes----------------------------------------------------------------1. L. microphyllum
1b. sterile fronds longly ellptic or ovately lanceolate, 4 – 12 x 2.5 – 4 cm. stipes normally 1.5 – 5 cm long------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. L. carnosum
1. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 236. 1849.
伏石蕨 fu shi jue
Small, epiphyti ferns. Rhizomes slender and creeping, palely green, sparsely covered with scales; the scales crathrate, apexes subulate, subrounded at lower parts, irregular branched at both lateral sides. Fronds remote, dimorphic; sterile fronds subsessile or with 2 – 4 mm long stipes, laminae subglobose or ovately lanceolate, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, 1.6 – 2.5 x 1.2 – 1.5 cm. entire; fertile fronds with 3 – 8 mm long stipes, laminae regular or narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 – 6 x ca 0. 4 cm. margines recurled after dry. Veins reticulate, with simple included veilets. Sori linear, located between main vein and margin, covered with paraphyms when young.
On trees trunks in forest or rocks under foresst; 95 – 1500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, S. Korea, Vietnan].
1a. Sterile frond subglobose or ovately rounded, base rounded or broadly cuneate, subsessile--------------------------------------------------------------------------1a. var. microphyllum
1b. Sterile frond ovate or obovate to longly rounded, base shortly cuneate and decurrent, with longer stipe-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1b. var. obovatum
1a. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum var. microphyllum
伏石蕨(原变种) fu shi jue (yuan bian zhong)
Sterile fronds subglobose or ovately rounded, bases rounded or broadly cuneate, subsessile.
On tree trunks in forest or on rocks under forest; 95-1500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang [ Japan, S. Korea and Vietnam
1b. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum var. obvatum (Harr.) C. Chr. in Dansk Bot. Archiv. 6: 47. pl. 5. f. 3. 1929.
倒卵伏石蕨 dao luan fu shi jue
Drymoglossum caenosum var. obvatum Harr. in J. Linn. Soc. 16: 33. 1877.
This variety defferent with original one in sterile fronds ovate, obovate to longly rounded, bases shortly cuneate and decurrent, stipes longer.
On tree truncks; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,Taiwan, Yunnan.
2. Lemmaphyllum carnosum (Wall.) C. Presl, Epim. Bot. 158. 1749.
肉质伏石蕨 rou zhi fu shi jue
This species different with above one in the plant much tall; sterile fronds broadly lanceolate, the broadest at middle parts of laminae, attenuate to bothends, obtuse at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, 10 x 2.5 – 3.8 cm. Stipes 1.5 - 5 cm long; fertile fronds 12 – 15 x ca. 0.4 cm., stipes reached 8 cm long.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1500 – 2900 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
11. Belvisia Mirbel in Hist. Nat. Veg. 5: 111. 1803.
尖嘴蕨属 jian zui jue shu
Mid epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes short and decubent or long and creeping, usually densely covered with roots, sparsely covered with scales; the scales darkly brown, lanceolate, acuminate at apexes, margines with strong and long spines, luminae slender, texture thick or membranous and palely brown. Fronds subclustered or approaching, simple; stipes short, articulate; laminae usually lanceolate or oblongly lanceolate, entire, apexes linear, herbaceous to coriaceous, smooth. Main vein normally obvious, veilets reticulate, with included veinlets and with hydathodes at the endes. Sori linear, only born in narrow part of lamina, in one line on each side of main vein, covered with paraphyms when young. Spreading all over under surfaces of laminal narrow parts, when maturity.
Spores ellptic, inperispore, exine outline concave-convex or small undulate, stright observed showed rugulate ornamemtationes.
Species of type: Belvisia spicata (L.) Miribel (Acrostichum spicatum L.). Producting in Africa and adjacent islands.
About 15 species, 3 spicies in China.
1a. Laminae elongately lanceolate, supra mid parts attenuated to linear, herbaceous when after dry-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. B. macronata
1b. Laminae ovately lanceolate or elliptic, upper parts abruptly attenuate into linear, papyraceous or coriaceous after dry.
2a. Fronds with only shor stipes or subsessile, laminal margines undulate—------2. B. henry
2b. Fronds with 0.2 – 2 cm long stipes, laminal margines entire---------------3. B. annamensis
1. Belvisia mucronata (Fee) Cioel., Gen. Fil. 918. 1947.
尖嘴蕨 jian zui jue
Hymenolepis macronata Fee, Gen. Fil. 82. Pl. 6B. f. 1. 1852; Macrolethus macronatus Tagawa; Belvisia formosana (Ogata) Ching; Heminolepis formosana Ogata.
Rhizmes short and decubent, densely covered with roots, sparsely covered with scales; the scales darkly brown, margines longly serrate, luminae elongate, lanceolate. Fronds subclustered, simple; stipes much varied in length, from subsessile to 7 cm long; laminae elongately lanceolate, baese angustate and longly decurrent, upper parts attenuated into linear for fortile parts, sterile parts of lower parts 10 – 30 x (1)3 – 4 cm, after dry palely brown, herbaceous, smooth on both surfaces, entire; fortile parts of upper parts 3 – 12 x 0. 1 –0. 3 cm., after dry slightly reculed on both sides. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori linear, continuously distributed on laminal fortile parts, in one line on each side of main vein, cevered with peltate paraphysis, fully covered lower surfaces of laminae when maturity.
On tree trunks under forest; 1200 – 1600 m; Tawain and Yunnan [ subtropic Asia, from Si Lanka to Bolinisiya and Indo-China penisula].
Specimen of the type collected from Malaysia.
2. Belvisia henryi (Hieron) Tagawa in Harr, Fl. East. Himal. 490. 1966.
隐柄尖嘴蕨 yin bing jian zui jue
Hymenolepis henryi Hieron. ex C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Archiv. 6(3): 67. f. 1. 1929.
Rhzomes short and decumbent, sparsely covered with darkly brown , serrte lanceolate scales. Fronds subclustred, nearly sessile or very short stiped; laminae ovately lanceolate or elliptic, bases attenuated and longly decurrent nearly to basel joint parts of stipe; upper parts abtruptly contracting into linear for born sori, sterile part 20 – 30 x 3 – 5 cm; fertile parts 6 – 30 x 0.2 – 0.3 cm. incontracted at base, bases longly acuminate, after dry coriaceous, smooth on both sides, slightly undulate along margin. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori linear, in one line on each side of the main vein, spreading all over on under surfaces of laminal fortile parts when maturity
On tree trunks or on rocks with mosses under forest; 114 – 1520 m.; Yunnan [ S.W. Himalaya, Tailand, and N. Vietnan.]
Specimem of type collected from Yunnan.
3. Belvisia annamemsis (C. Chr.) Tagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 107. 1963.
显脉尖嘴蕨 xian mai jian zui jue
Hymenolepis annamemsis C. Chr. Dansk Bot. Ark. 6 (3): 68. f. 1. 1929; Belvisia callifolia (Christ) Copel.
Rhizomes short and decumbent, covered with darkly brown, serrate lanceolate scales. Fronds subclusterd; stipes 2 – 5 cm long, thick ca 2 mm in diam. slightly narrowly winged, bases scaly, brown or straminous; Laminae ovately lanceolate or longly elliptic, bases cuneate, decurrent, upper parts contracting into linear for fertile pairts; sterile parts on lower parts 15 – 25 x 3.5 – 4.5 cm. after dry palely brown to brown, papyraceous, entire; fertile parts ca. 6 – 20 x 0.5 – 1 cm. Main vein srong, raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori linear, continuous, in one line on each side of main vein,lightly immersed mesophyll and slightly closse to margin.
Mixed with mosses on shady and wet tree trunks under forest; 800 – 1100 m; Hainan [ Laos, Tailand and Vietnan].
Specimen of type collected from Vietnan.
12. Drymotaenium Makino in Bot, Mag. Tokyo 15: 102. 1901.
丝带蕨属 si dai jue shu
Small epiphytic fern. Rhizomes short and decumbent, covered with lanceolate denticulate black scales. Fronds nearly approaching; stipes articulated; Laminae longly linear, similar to ‘vttaria” shape, firm, coriaceous, glabrous. Veines obscure, anastomosed 1 – 2 rows of areolae on both sides of main vein and with a few included veinlets. Sori linear, continuous, located in a longidudinal groove on each side of main vein, closse to main vein, covered with peltate paraphysis. Annuli consisting of 14 (-16) incrassated cells. Spores bilateral, elliptic, transparrent and smooth.
Spicies of type in the genus: Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) Makino (Taenitis miyoshiana Makino), Original production in Japon.
Single spicies.
1. Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 15: 102. 1901.
丝带蕨 si dai jue
Taenitis miyoshiana Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 26. 1898; Drymotaenium nakaii Hayata.
The feature is the same with the genus.
On tree trunks under forest. Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,Xizang, Yunna and Zhejiang.
3. Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 47. 1933.
瓦韦属 wa wei shu
Pleopeltis Sect.Lepisorus J. Sm. in Bot. Mag. 12. Comp. 13. 1846; Pleopeltis
Hook. Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 63. 1823.
Epiphytic ferns. Rhizomes thick, creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately, rounded, ovately lanceolate or subulatetely lanceolate, blackly brown, intransparent or clathrately trasparent, entire or shortly or longly serrate. Fronds simple, remote or approached, monomorphic; stipes usually shorter, slightly with scales at bases, upward smooth, moustly straminous, less deeply brown; laminae moustly lanceolate, less narrowly lanceolate or subloriformis, margines entire or undulate, usually recurled after dry. Veines obvious, lateral veines often obscure, veinlets anastomoused, areolae with simple or forkid included veinlets. Laminae moustly coriaceous or papyracous, less herbeceous, after dry, glabrous on both surfaces or sparsly covered with small scales on under surface. Sori large size, rounded or elliptic, converged or linesr, in one row on each side of main vein, covered with paraphysis when young; paraphysis much roundly peltate, entire or denticulate, less stellate or scaly, luminae big, transparent, often brown in mid parts, palely colour on margines. Sprangia subpyriform, longly stolked, longididunal annulus, consisting of 14 incrassated of celles; less sporagia subrounded, annuli consiting of unobviously incrassate. Spores ellptic, experispore, exinel outlines irregular undulate, unclear rugulate ornamamentaion by straight observed, sometime reticulate or feveolate ornamentaion. Chromosome 2n = 39, 46, 50, 52, 70, 74, 94, 95, 100, 148, 150.
Genal type: Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching (Pleopeltis thunbergiana Kaulf. = Polypodium lineare Thunb. 1784, auct. non Burm. 1768, auct. non Houtt. 1783), Oringinal produced in Japon.
This genus is very complicated population from its chromosome numbers and relative morpologic structures. According to grasped limited information at resent, we have primally treated on the population.
About 70 species; mainly in E. Asia, a few to Africa; 58 species in china.
The genus may be divided folleing two sections:
1. Sect. Lepisorus
Mostly overgreen plants; Fronds usually coriaceous, rhizomes with more sclerenchymas; scale usually with dark-brown, intrasparent, narrow belt in mid parts, arealae small (species 1 – 47).
1. Sect. Hymenophyton Ching in Fern Fam. & Gen. China 511. 1991.
Mostly summer green plants; fronds usually herbsceous or thinly papyraceous, rhizomes wiithout or with a few sclerenchymas, scales clathrate, areoae big and trasparent (species 47 -58 ).
1a. Mostly overgreen plant. fronds usually coriaceous; rhzomes with more sclerenchyms; leteral veines anastomosing into areoalae of unequal sizes and with simplely included veinlets; mid parts of scales usually with darkly brown, intrasparent narrow belt, luminae normally smaller ( sect. Lepisorus ).
2a. Luminae of rhizomel scales intransparent, paraphysis stellate.
3a. Laminae loriform, 60 – 70 cm long, widest at middle parts----------1. L. medogensis
3b. Laminae lanceolate, below 30 cm long, widest at 1/3 lower parts.
4a. Laminae 2.5 – 5 cm wide; sori rounded---------------------------------2. L. sodidus
4b. Laminae ca. 1 cm wide only; sori elliptic--------------------------3. L. luchunensis
2b. Luminae of rhizomel scales partly trasparent or all transparent, paraphysis rounded or laanceolate, entire or serrate.
5a. Sori linear or connected into linear when maturity.
6a. Luminae of scales big and trasparent, margines serrate, laminal widest at 1/3 lower parts.
7a. Stipes 2 cm long only; sori born closse to margin-------------------4. L. sinensis
7b. Stipes supra 4 cm long; sori born closse main vein-------------5. L. confluensis
6b. 1-2 rows of luminae of margines of scales transparent only, margin serrate or entire, laminal widest at middle part.
8a. Sori cnnected into linear, slightly breaking only on laminal lower part; margines of scales serrate ----------------------------------------6. L. vittaroides
8b. Sori elliptic, connected into linear when matured, but intermittent; margines of scales smooth or denticulate only--------------------------7. L. subconfluense
5b. Sori rounded or elliptic.
9a. Scale marginal on rhizome 1-2 rows of cells transparent only, others intransparent..
10a. Rhizomes short and decumbent; fronds subclustered.
11a. Plants ca.15 cm tall; stipes 1-1.5 cm long; laminae 1-1.5 cm wide, abruptly narrowed and decurrent at lower 1/3 part; spores with foveolate ornamemtations on surfaces------------------------------------8. L. tosaensis
11b. Plants ca 5 cm tall; laminae ca. 5 mm widem sppatulate, sessile; spores with reticulate ornamentation on surfaces----------9. L paohuashanensis
10b. Rhizomes long and creeping; fronds remote.
12a. Laminae linear, ca 5 mm. wide.
13a. Laminal margines strongly recurled after dry, Sori protruding out of laminal margines and moniliform-----------------------10. L. lewissi
13b. Laminal margines lightly recurled, marmally inprotruding out of margines after dry.
14a. Paraphysis with square big luminae, transparent------------------------------------------11. L. lineaformis
14b. Paraphysis with irregularly small luminae, intransparnt or lightly transparent.
15a. Laminae normally inrecurled, margines flat; Bases of stipes with 4 vascular bundles; spores with feveolate ornamentations on surfaces----------------12. L. angustus
15b. Laminae recurled into concave-convex shapes; bases of stpes with 6 vascula bundeles; spores with reticulaate ornamentations on surfaces------------- ---13. L. heterolepis
12b. Laminae lanceolate, over 1 cm wide.
16a. Laminae densely covered with scales on under surfaces; scale margines on rhizomes serrate.
17a. Laminal widest at middle part, softly coriaceous; sori rounded, big size, born closse to main vein and approximate one to anather---------------------------------------------14. L. oligolepidus
17b. Laminal widest at 1/3 lower part, supra middle abruptly narrowed, longly caudate at apex, hardly coriaceous; sori small, born between main vein and margin and distant one to anather-----------------------------------------15. L. suboligolepidus
16b. Lamimae without or with a few scale onlyon under surfaces; scale margines on rhizomes entire or denticulate only.
18a. Plants reached 35 cm tall. Bases of stipes with 3 vascualr bundeles and arranged in triangular; spores with deepl and aparse feveolate ornamentations on surface------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------16. :L. tibeticus
18b. Plants far small and no more than 18 cm tall; bases of stipes with 4 vascular bundeles and arranged in quadrangle; spores with big and shallowly holereticulate ornamentations----------------------------------17.L. thunbergianus
9b. Scale luminae of rhizomes all or mostly transparent, with narrow belt in midd part only.
19a. Scale luminae mostly transparent, with intrasparent narrow belt in middle.
20a. Laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 part; stipes castaneously brown-----------------------------------------------------------------18. L. obscure-venulosus
20b. Laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid part; stipes straminous.
21a. Laminae hardly coriaceous, apexes longly caudate; length of stipes as ca. 1/10 of laminal one-------------------------------------------------------19. L. nylamememsis
21b. Laminae softly coriaceous, apexes mucronate; length of stipes as 1/4 of laminal one----------------------------------------------------------------------------20. L. contortus
19b. Scale luminae all transparent.
22a. Scales of rhizomes ovately rounded, luminae dense and fine, same diameter, mostly fallen from rhizomes when old.
23a. Sori born at or nearly margin; veines visible----------------------21. L. macrosphaerus
23b. Sori born between main vein and margines or slightly nearly main vein, leteral veines obscure.
24a. Laminae with callose narrow margines, widest at mid parts, under surface sparsely covered with adnate scales-------------------------------22. L. marginatus
24b. Laminae without callose margin, widest at lower 1/3 parts, without scale on under surfaces--------------------------------------------------------------23. L asteropis
22b. scales of rhizomes lanceolate, luminae fine and dense, or clathrate, mostly persistent on rhizome when old.
25a. Scale luminae on rhizome with same diameter, margines serrate..
26a. Laminae longly linear, ca. 3 mm wide, margines strongly or slghtly recurled and moniliform when spore matuity---------------------------------------24. L eilophyllus
26b. Laminae loriformis or lanceolate, wide supra 5 mm, margin ex- or slightly recurled and exmoniliform.
27a. Laminae loiformis; Sori born closse to or slightly near margines.
28a. Sori born slightly near margines, inprotruding out margin when maturity-----------------------------------------------------25. L. xiphlopteris
28b. Sori born closse to margines, protruding out margines when maturity.
29a. Rhizomes decumbent; laminae 0.8 – 1.8 cm wide at mid parts-------- ----------------------------------------------------------------26. L. loriformis
29b. Rhizomes creeping; laminae 5 mm wide only at mid parts-------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------27. L. stenistus
27b. Laminae lanceolate; sori born between main vein and margin.
30a. Laminaa narrowly lanceolate, widest below 2 cm.
31a.Laminae ca 1 cm wide only, main vein often reddish---------------
------------------------------------------------------28. L pseudonudus
31b. Laminal wide supra 1 cm; main vein without reddish.
32a.Rhizomes densely covered with deeply brown villoses--------------------------------------------29. L. tricholepis
32b. Rhizomes withou villose -------------------------30. L. lancifolius
30b. Laminae broadly lanceolate, widest parst 2 – 5 cm----31. L. sublinearis
25b. Scale luminae on Rhizmes rectangular, fine and dense, margines entire or slightly denticulate.
33a. Scales narrowly lanceolate or broadly ovate.
34a. Lamianae broad/y ovate, stipes longer.
35a. Laminal apexex longly acuminate, widest parts supra 3.5 cm, Rhizome scale densely adnate, ovate------------------------------------------------32. L kuchensis .
35b. Laminal apexes obtuse, widest parts no more than 2 cm; scales shaggily attache to rhizome, narrowly lanceolate-----------------------------------33. L. magasorus
34b. Laminae oblongly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate; stipes short.
36a. Laminae oblongly lanceolate, slightly attenuated at base, subsessile---------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------34. L. virencens
36b. laminae lancceolate, base attenuated and longly decurrent, stipes 4.5 – 6 cm long.
37a. Paraphysis bicolour i. e. deeply brown in mid parts, nearly colourless at margines-----------------------------------------------------35. L. scolopendrium
37b. Paraphysis concolor i. e. nearly colorless in mid parts and margins-----
----------------------------------------------------------------36. L. paleparaphysus
33b. Scales ovately lanceolate.
38a. Rhizome scales distinctly bicolor; Frond herbaceous.
39a. Rhizome scales darkly brown in mid parts, margins palely brown, tightly adnated to rhizomes; laminae broadly lanceolate---------------------------------37. L. bicolor
39b. Rhizome scales darkly brown in mid prts, margins subwhite, attached to rhizome by basal one point only; laminae narrowly lanceolate.
40a. Sori born close to main vein-----------------------------------38. L. morisonensis
40b. Sori born close to margins------------------------------------------39. L. subsessilis
38b. Rhizome scales one color; Frond coriaceous.
41a. Frond loriformis; rhizome scales mostly fallen from rhizome when old; sori born close to margins.
42a. Rnizomes suberect; Scale margins with shot teeth----------------40. L.cespitosus
42b. Rhizomes creepin; scale margins palely brown, entire.
43a.Bases of stipes with 5 vascular bundles, arranged in semicircular----------------------------------------------------------41. L. longus
43b. Bases of stipes with 3 vascular bundles, aranged in triangular------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------42. L. affinis
41b. Laminae lanceolate; rhizome scales persistant; sori born close to margins.
44a. Cell walls of rhizome scles all over incrassated, luminae small.
45a. Paraphysis stellate, darkly brown, intransparent------------43. L. ussuriensis
45b. Paraphysis subrounded, mid luminae big and transparent---------------------
------------------------------------------------------------44. L. pseudoussuriensis
44b. Cell wall of rhizome scales unincrassated or mid luminae incrssated and big.
46a. Mid cell wall of rhizome scales incrassated only and brown, marginal cell wall palely yellow----------------------------------------------45. L. gyrongensis
46b. Mid cell wall of rhizome scales incrassated, palely brown or castaneusly black with iridescent polish.
47a. Laminal widest part at mid parts---------------------------------46. L. elegant
47b. Laminae widest part from below meddle to 1/3 lower parts------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------47. L. iridescens
1b. Mostly summer green plants; frond usually herbaceous or papyraceous; rhizomes without or with a few sclerenchyma; lateral veins anastomosing one line of regular areola on both sides of main vein and with included forked veinlets; scales all clathrate, luminae big and transoarent (Sect. Hymenophyon Ching)
48a. Over green plants; fronds chartaceous.
49a. Stipes of fronds very long, ca.equal to supra 1/2 – 2/3 length of laminae-------------------------------------------------------------------48. L. soulieanus
49b. Laminal stipe usually shorter than 1/3 length of lamina.
. 50a. Laminae ligulate or elliptic. apexes btusely rounded.
51a. Laminae ligulate, annuli narrower---------------------------------49. L. ligulatus
51b. Laminae subelliptic, annuli wider--------------------------------50. L. variabilis
50b. Laminae lanceolate, apexes acuminate.
52a. Laminae usually geayish white on under surfaces when dry, chartaceous; sori densely arranged, contact with one to another after maturity--------------------------------------------------------51. L. patungensis
52b. Lamanae ingrayish white, papyraceous; sori spasely arranged, interval equal to or biger than two sizes of sori.
53a. Laminae subloriformis, long and wide scaled 1 : 3 – 1 : 5; stpes longer. equal to ca 1/4 – 1/2 laminal length------------------------52. L. kasuensis
53b. Laminae lanceolate, long and wide scale ca 1 : 10; stipes shorter, lequl to 1/5–1/6 laminal one-------------------------------------53. L. coaetaneus
48b. Summer green plants, fronds thinly herbacous or herbaceous.
54a.Rhizome scales hebetate at apexes, margins with shortly-teeth----------------------------- --------------------------------54. L clathhratus
54b. Rhizome scales longly acuminate at apexes, margins with longly serration.
55a. Laminae lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts; sori born only supra 1/3 laminal parts-------------------------------------------------------55. L. honanensis
55b. Laminae lanceolate or ligulate, widest at mid parts; sori born all over lower surface of laminae.
56a. Scales on rhizome abundant, tough in texture, persistent; laminae narrowly lanceolate,apexes longlycaudate---56. L. pseudo-clathrate
56b. Scales on rhizome rare, easy breaking and fallen; Laminae unlanceolate, apexes obtuse or shortly mucronate--------57. L. abertii
1. Lepisorus medogensis Ching et Y. X. Lin in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22 (5): 40l. t. 2: 2. 1984.
墨脱瓦韦 mo tuo wa wei
Plants ca. 60 cm. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with black lanceolate scales. Fronds approched; stipes 8 – 13 cm. straminous; laminae subbroadly loriformis, attenuated to both ends,apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, margins undulate, ca. 50 x 50 cm. Nearly papyraceous, greyish-green on both surfaces after dry. Main vein raised on both sides, veinlets slghtly visible, glabrous; Sori ellptic or rounded, located between main vein and margins, covered with stellate paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks; ca. 1750 m.; endemic in Xizang (Motuo).
This species is nearly similar to L. loriform (Wall>) Ching, But scales black, sori lacating between costa and margin.
2. Lepisorus sordidus (C. Chr.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 78. 1933.
黑鳞瓦韦 hei lin wa wei
Polypodium sordidum C. Chr. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 320. 1931.
Plants ca. 20 – 40 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales. Fronds approched; stipes 3 – 12 cm. long, thick ca. 2 mm. in diam. straminous; laminae ovately lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts, toward bothends rapidly narrowed, apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, 2 – 5 x 20 – 35 cm. greyish-green, nearly softly coriaceous and smooth on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, biger, ca. 4 mm. in diam. gatherdly attached on upper narrow part on laminae, located between main veins and margins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis roundly peltate, dackly brown, luminal walls incrssate, partly luminae trasparent, with long and strong spine around sides.
On truks of broad-leaved tree by steam sides; 1200 – 1400 m.; Sichuan and Yunnan.
3. Lepisorus luchunensis Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipub. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 50. T. 8: 3 – 5. 2000 & Addenda.
绿春瓦韦 lu chun wa wei
Plants ca. 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick ca. 2 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales at apexes; the scales narrowly lanceolate, apexes longly acuminat, blck, lumnae fine and dense, intransparent, with long spines along margins, thick in texture. Fronds approched; stipes ca. 2 cm. straminous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 0.4 – 0.8(-1) x 15 – 25 cm. after dry greyish-brown, softly coriaceous, mooths on both surfaces.Main veins raised, veinlets obscure. Sori elliptic, gathereted born in upper narrowly parts of laminae, locating between main veins and margins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis nearly similar to scale shape, luminal walls incrassed, with long and strong spines around sides.
On tree trunks under overgreen broadleaved forest; 1500 – 1600 m.; endemic Yuannan (Luchun).
4. Lpisorus sinensi (Christ) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 63. 1933.
中华瓦韦 zhong hua wa wei
Neurodium sinensis Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6: 880. 1898; Paltonium sinense C. Chr.; Lemmaphyllum sinense C. Chr. ; Polypodium neurodiodes C. Chr.
Plants 5 – 25 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate brown scales. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5 – 3 cm, stranminous, widest at lower 1/3 parts, to up 1/3 parts abtruptly attenuated for attached sori, apexes longly caudate, lower parts attenuated and decurrent, 1 – 2 x 15 – 30 cm, palely greyish or palely green, papyraceous or chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces when dry. Main veins raised, veinlets obscure or slightly visible. Sori linear, gathered born in 1/3 parts of laminal apex, slightly close to and parallel with margin and margins.
On tree trunks or rocks under overgreen broadleave forest; 1200 – 3600 m.; Yunnan [ Bhutan,Myanmr and Thailand]. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan (men zi)
5. Lepisorus confluense W. M. Chu in Acta Bot. Yun. Suppl. 5: 55. f: 36. 1992.
汇生瓦韦 hui sheng wa wei
Plants 15 – 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, thick 2 –4 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate brown, apexes acuminate, luminae rectangular, margins serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5 – 2.5 cm. straminous or brown; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid or nearly lower 1/3 parts, 15 – 25 x 1.5 – 1.8 cm. up to neary 1/3 parts abtruptly attenuate for fortile parts, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate and decurrent, subcoriaceous, greyish green or palely green, glabrous on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori shortly linear at beginning, connected into longly linear when maturity, but intermittend, locating between main veins and margins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis rounded, squamous shape, big luminae, brown at margins.
On tree trunks under overegreen broadleave forest; 2300 – 2600 m. ;endemic in Yunnan.
6. Lepisorus vittarioides Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 64. 1933.
线囊瓦韦 xian nang wa wei
Plants ca. 15 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales. Fronds remote; stipes ca. 3 cm. Deeply straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, 0.2 – 0.6 x 15 - 23 cm.,palely brown, papyraceous, glabrous on both surfaces when dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori linear, continuous from mid parts, nearly to apexes, parallel with main veins and margins.
Yunnan (mengzi).
7. Lepisorus subconfluens Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4 (3): 85. 1933.
连珠瓦韦 lian zhu wa wei
Plants 15 – 27 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale with chestnutly black and opaque broadly belts at mid parts, margins with 1 – 2 rows of trasparent cells and serrate along all sides. Fronds sparsed; stipes 3 – 5 cm. straminous; laminae linear, yellowish green after dry, coriaceous , lightly recurled at margins. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic or roundded, conttached from each other when maturity. Paraphysis subround, bicolor, i.e. brown in mid parts and margins nearly colorless, entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under mixed forest; 2600 – 3600 m.; endemic Yunnan.
8. Lepisorus tosanensis (Makino) H. Ito in J. Pap. Bot. 11: 93. 1935.
阔叶瓦韦 kuo ye wa wei
Polypodium tosaense Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 127.1913; Polypodium linear Thunb. var. caudatum Makino; Polypodium infraplancostale Hayata; Lepisorus infraplancostali (Hayata) Ching; Polypodium morii Hayata; Polydium haozanense Hayata.
Plants 15 – 30 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with lanceolate scales: the scales deeply brown, mostly luminae intransparent, maginal 1–2 rows of cell brownish and transparent only. Fronds clustered and approched; stipes 1–5 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 1 – 2 x (10-) 13 – 20 cm. brownish or grayish green, coriaceus, glabrous on both surfaces after dry. Main veins rainsed on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathred born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, cevered with brownish, rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest, or in limestone crevoces; 650 – 1700 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdon, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.[Japon]. Specimen of type collected from Japon.
9. Lepisorus paohuashanensis Ching, Fl. Jiangsu first volium 74. f. 113. 1997.
百华山瓦韦 bai hua shan wa wei
Plants 5 – 14 cm. tall. Rhzomes short and ascending, densely covered with lanceolate scales; mid parts of the scales deeply brown, intransparent, magnal 1–2 rows of cells transparent only. Fronds lustered; nearly sessile; laminae subspatulate or oblanceolate, 3 – 7 x 0.4 – 0.6 cm. bases attenuated and decurrent, apexes acute or obtuse, yellowish or greyish green, papyraceous after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, nomally gathered born on supra mid parts of laminae,located between margins and main veins.
On tree trunks or in rock crevices under forest; 100 – 1600 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xiazang and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Zhejiang (bai hua shan).
10. Lepisorus lewisii (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4: 65. 1933.
庐山瓦韦 lu shan wa wei
Polypodium lewisii Baker, J. Bot. 201. 1875.
Plants 9–15 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales deeply brown, intransparent, maginal 1–2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, denticulate. Fronds approched; stipes 0.5 – 2 cm or subsessile, straminous; laminae linear, apexes obtuse, bases lightly attenuate and decurrent, 6–15 x 2–4 cm., margins strongly recurled and wraped up sori and showing moniliform, coriaceous, yellowish. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, gathered born at upper half part of laminae, located between main veins and margins, deeply immersed in mesophyll, covered with paraphysis when young. Praphysis brown, luminae biger, transparent, entire.
On soil or rock crevices under forest by stream sides; 280 – 1100 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Jiangxi (Lushan).
11. Leisorus lineariformis Ching & S. K. Wu in Fl. Xizang. 1: 309. f. 76: 1 – 4. 1983.
线叶瓦韦 xian ye wa wei
Plants 10 – 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales darkly brown and with intransparent narrowly black belts at mid part, 2 – 3 rows of laminal luminae subrectagular, transparent and denticulate. Fronds remote; stipes 0.5 – 1.5 cm, straminous; laminae linear, 10 – 20 x 0. 3 – 0. 5 cm apexes acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, margins flat or slightly reflexed,. greenish on both surfaces after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered bornat upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis transparent, brown, round, lumina subsquare.
On tree trunks or rocks in overgreen broadleve forest; 850 – 2200 m.; endemic Xizang (Motuo).
12．Lepisorus angustus Ching in Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 86. 1933.
狭叶瓦韦 xia ye wa wei
Lepisoru pseudo-angustus Ching; Lepisorus nachuanensis Ching et Z.Y.Liu; Lepisorus niger Ching.
Plants 12 – 25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scalrs; the scale mid parts intrasparent, brown, marginal 1 – 2rows of luminae elongate and transparent. Fronds approached; Stipes 1.5–3 cm. straminous; laminae elongately lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, attenuated to base and longly decurrent, 0.3 –0. 5 x 10 – 22 cm. greenish or yellowish green to grayish green, coriaceus after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, rounded or shortly club-shape, gathered born at upper half parts of laminae, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with deeply brown, subrounded parphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 900 – 3500 m.; Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and S.Zhejiang. Specimen of typr collected from Sichuan.
13. Lepisorus heterlepis (Rosenst.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 86. 1933.
异叶瓦韦 yi ye wa wei
Polypodium linear var. heterilepis Rosenst. In Fedde, Repert. 12. 147. 1913; Polypodium loriformis var. heterolepis C. Chr.; Polypodium linear var. monilisorum Hayata; Lepisorus monilisorus (Hayata ) Tagawa.
Plants 15 – 30 cm. tall. Rhizmes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale mid part intransparent, brown, marginal 1 – 2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, thick dentate. Fronds approached; stipes ca. 1 cm. long straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, widest at midd parts, apexes shortly caudate, attenuated and long decurrent nearly to base, ca. 0.5 x 30 cm. after dry, greyish green, coriaceous, margins distinctly recurled and undulately projecting on supra half parts. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subeiliptic, gathered born at upper parts of laminae, located between margins and main vein, covered with rounded, brown, entire paraphysis when young. Spores monolete, with reticulate ornamemtations on surfaces.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; ca. 2300 m. Yunnan.
14. Lepisorus oligolepidus (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Insti. Biol. Bot. 4: 80. 1933.
鳞瓦韦 lin wa wei
Polypodium oligolepidum Baker, Gard. Chron. n. s. 14: 494. 1880; Polypodium linear var. oligolepidum Christ; Polypodium trabeculatum Copel.
Plants 10 – 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales mid parts brown, intransparent, marginal 1 –2 rows of cells brownish, transparent, serrate. Fronds subapproched; stipes 2 – 3 cm. straminous, robust; laminae lanceolae to ovatly lanceolate, widest at mid parts or nearly 1/3 lower parts, 1.5 – 3.5 x 8 – 18 cm, apexes acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, covered with deeply brown, transparent lanceolat scales on under surface, glabrous on upper surface, yellowyish green, softly coriaceus when dry. Main veins robust and raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eillipic, reached 0.5 mm in diam. contancted, gathered born at supra mid parts of laminae, sterile on the ends, located between margins and main veins, covered with rounded, deeply brown paraphysis when young.
On shady places on slopes or tree trunks or rock crevices under forest; 170 – 2300 m.; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang.[Japon].
15. Lepisorus suboligolepidus Ching in Bull. Fan mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 77. !933.
拟鳞瓦韦 ni lin wa wei
Plants 15 – 28 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale mid parts intrasparent, brown, maginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent only, serrate. Fronds approched; stipes 1.5 – 3 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest normally at lower 1/3 part, upper 1/3 part abtruptly attenuate, apexes longly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 1.5 – 2.5 x 15 – 28 cm. grayish yellow, subhardly coriaceus, nearly glabrous on surfeces, or with sparsely scales ocationaly on under surfaces. Main veins robust, raised on both sides, veinlets fainitly visible. Sori rounded, usually gathered born at upper parts of laminae, smaller, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown, nearly multangular shape paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forests on slopes; 1000 – 3200 m.; Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwam and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
16. Lepisorus tibetica Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 311. f. 78: 8-13. 1983.
西藏瓦韦 xi zang wa wei
Plants 15-35 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales brown and intransparent in mid parts, marginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent, brownish and serrate. Fronds approached; stipes 1-5 cm. straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate to lanceolate, apexes longly caudate, attenuate and longly decurrent to bases, 12-32 x 0.5-1.8 cm. greyish-green to grayish yellow, normally covered with dark soil on under surfaces, thinly coriaceous when dry. Main veins raised on both sides,veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, gathered born at supra mid parts, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown, entire and subrounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or in rock cevices under densely forest; 1900-3700 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Xizang.
17. Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching in Bull. Fan mem. Inst, Biol. Bot, 4: 88. !933.
瓦韦 wa wei
Pleopeltis thunbergianus Kaulf. Wesen. d. Farrnkr. 113. 1827; Polypodium linear Thunberg; Pleopeltis nuda Hook; Pleopeltis elongata Kze.; Lepisorus myrisorus Ching; Lepisorus calcifer Ching & Z. Y. Liu; Lepisorus pygmaeus Ching & Z. Y. Liu; Lepisorus simulans Ching & Z.Y.Liu.
Plants 8-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered lanceolate scales; the scales brown, mostly intransparent, marginal 1-2 rows of luminae transparent and serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1-3 cm. long, straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, apexes acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, 5-20 x 0.5-1.3 cm. yellowy green to yellowish green, or greenish to brown, papyraceous, after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, nearly contacted after maturity, covered with rounded and brown paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forests on slopes; 400-3800 m. Anwei, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang.[ Japon, Korea peninsula, Phillippines]. Specimen of type collected from Japon.
18. Lepisorus obscure-venulosus (Hayata) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 76. 1933.
粤瓦韦 yue wa wei
Polypodium obscure-venulosus Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 5: 322. 1915.
Plants 10-20 (-30) cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, cavered with broadly lanceolate scales; the scales with deeply brown and intransparent narrow belts in mid parts, the other most luminae transparent, entire. Fronds normally remote; stipes 1-5 (7) cm. long, usually brownly castaneus or straminous; laminae lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, widest normally at 1/3 lower part, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 1-3.5 x 12–25 (-30) cm. greenish or yellowish green, subcoriaceus after dry, spasely adnated with scales along under sides of main veins. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure; Sori rounded, big size, reached 0.5 mm. in diam. subcontacted after maturity, covered with rounded and brown in mid parts of paraphysis, when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 400-1700 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.[Japon]. Specimen collected from Taiwan.
19. Lepisorus nylamemsis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 311. f. 76: 8-12. 199983.
聂拉木瓦韦 nie la mu wa wei
Plants 12-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with ovately lanceolate scales; the scales with intransparent narrow belts in mid parts. Fronds remote; stipes 1-1.5 cm long, stramineous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest in mid parts, apexes longly caudate, attenuate and decurrent to bases, 0.7-1 x 1-22 cm, yellowish, thinly coriaceous after dry. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori eilliptic, gathered born at supra half part of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with big luminae, transparent, rounded and brown parapphysis when young.
On tree trunks or wet rocks in the mosses under open forest; 200-2650 m. Xizang [ India]. Specimen of type collected from Xizang ( zhangmu).
20. Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 90. 1933.
扭瓦韦 niu wa wei
Polypodium contortum Christ, Bot. Gaz. 51: 347. 1911; Polypodium lineare var contortum Christ; Lepisorus jinfoshanensis Ching & Z.Y.Liu/
Plants 10-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, with intransparent, deeply brown narrow belts in mid parts, polished, serrate. Fronds slightly approached; stipes (1-)2-5 (-6) cm, long, normally straminous, lessbrown; linearly lanceolate or lanceolate, widest in mid parts, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuate and decurrent, 9-23 x 0.4-0.11(-0.13) cm. after dry recurled, greenish on upper surface, grayish yellowly green on under surfaces, nearly softly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or ovately rounded, gathered born in supra mid parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown in mid parts and rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 700-3000 m.; Anwei, Fujiang, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Ji9angxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Specimem collected from Sichuan ( emeishan).
21. Lepisorus macrspaerus (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4; 73. 1933.
大瓦韦 da wa wei
Plants 20-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales brown, ovate, apexes obtuse, mid luminae subrectangular, luminalwalls incrassate and deeply color, marginal luminae submultangular, colorish, easy fallen when old. Fronds approached; stipes normally 4-15 cm. long, mostly straminous; laminae lanceolate or elongately lanceolate, apexes shortlt acuminete, bases attenuate and decurrent, entire or slightly undulete, 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm. yellowish green or brown on upper surface, greyly green or brownish on under surface, thickly coriaceous after dry, sparsely covered with less scales on under surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets normally obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, highly raised on under surface of laminae, depresed on upper surface of laminae, close to margins, covered with rounded, brown and entire paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1340-3400 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan ( Menzi).
1a. Fronds 15-35 x 1.5-5 cm.
2a. Fronds 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm.long, thickly coriaceous, veinlets obscure----21a. f. macrospaerus
2b. Frondd 35 x 5 cm. papyraceous, veinlets visible under lifht------------------ 21b. f. masimus
1b. Fronds much small, 7-10 x 0. 7-0.10 cm.-----------------------------------------------21c.f. minimus
21a. f. macrspaerus
大瓦韦 (原变形) da wa wei (yuan bian xing)
Polypodium macrspaerum Baker in Kew Bull. 55. 1895; Polypodium intramariginale Christ.
Fronds 15-30 x 1.5-4 cm. long, thick-coriaceus, veinlets obscure.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1340-3400 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang.
21b. f. maximus (Ching) Y. X, Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 64. 2000.
大叶瓦韦 da ye wa wei
Lepisorus macrosperus (Baker) Ching var. maximus Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 303. 1982.
Laminae mach big, reached 35 cm long, 5 cm wide at mid parts, papyraceous, veinlet visible under light.
On slope rocks; 870-2300 m. Hubei, Yunnan and Xizang.
21c. f. minus (Ching) Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 65. 2000.
Lepsorus macrospaerus (Baker) Ching var.minimus Ching, Fl. Xizang. 1: 304. 1982.
Plants very small, laminae 7-10 cm. long, 0.7- 0.1 cm wide.
On slope rocks; 2000-2500 m.; Yunnan and Xizang.
22. Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Fl. Tsingling. 1: 184. 1974.
有边瓦韦 you bian wa wei
Plants 18-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick 2.4 mm in diam., brown, densely covered with brown soft hairs and scales; the scales subovate, luminae fine and dense, deeply brown, bases usually adherent soft hairs and easy fallen when old. Fronds approached or remote; stipes 2-7 (-10) cm. straminous, smooth; laminae lanceolate, 15-25 x 2-3 (4) cm, widest at mid parts, acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins with callose narrow edges, after dry undulate, more or less reflexed, yellowish green on both surfaces, glabrous on upper surface, more or less with adnate ovatis brown small scale on unde surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or eilliptic, located between margins and main, highly raised on under surface, depressed on upper surface, covered with brown, rounded paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Sichuan. Specimen collected from Sichuan.
23. Lepisorus asterolepis (Baker) Ching, Fl. Jiangsu 1: 74. f. 112. 1977.
黄瓦韦 huang wa wei
Polypodium astelepis Baker in J. Bot. 230. 1888; Polypodium macrospaerus var. asterolepis C. Chr.; Lepisorus macrospaerus var. asterolepis (Baker) Ching; Lepisorus longipes Ching & Y.Y.Liu.
Plants 12-28 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, brown, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale bases ovate, luminae fine and dense, transparent, brown and easy fallen from rhizome when old. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 3-7 cm. straminous; laminae broadly lanceolate, apexes roundly obtuse, widest at 1/3 lower parts, abruptly attenuated into cuneate and decurrent to bases, 10-25 x 1.2-3 cm., normally yellow or yellowish on both surfaces after dry, smooth, or sapsely ocationaly covered with adnate scales, margins susally flat or slightly undulate, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori rounded or eilliptic, gathered born at supra half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, raised on under surfaces and depressed on upper surfaces of laminae, contacted when maturity, covered with rounded, brown and transparent paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1000- 3500 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei. Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang [ S. India, Japon, Nepal ]. Specimen collected from Shaanxi (huxian).
24. Lepisorus eilophyllus (Diels) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 65-66. 1933.
高山瓦韦 gao shan wa wei
Polypodium eilophyllus Diels in Engl. Jahrb. 29: 204. 1901; Polypodium invoolutum Baker; Polypodium lewisii Christ; Polypodium lineare Christ; Polypodium contortum Christ; Lepisorus pseudolewisii Shing = Lepisorus neolewisii Shing.
Plants 15-37 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong, densely covered with lanceolate scales; mostly luminae of the scales brown, intransparent, cell walls incrassate, cell luminae small, margins with colorless transparent narrow edges and erosed, bases broadly ovate, apexes shortly acuminate. Fronds remote or approached; stipes subsessile to 3 cm.long, straminous, sparsely covered with scales; laminae longly linear, widest usually at 1/3 lower part, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, 12-30 x 1.5-3.5 cm. after dry margins strongly or slightly reflxed into interstiniform, raddish brown, grey-brown or greenish on noth sides, herbeceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible, sparsely covered with adnate scales on main veins and laminae under surfaces. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. The paraphysis rounded, mid luminae big and transparent, entire, brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1000-3300 m.; Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Thiland. Sikkin].
25. Lepisorus xiphipteris (Baker) W. M. Chu ex Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 68. 2000.
云南瓦韦 yunnan wa wei
Polypodium xiphiopteris Baker in Kew Bull. 13. 1906; Lepisorus yunnaensis Ching.
Plants 25-45 cm tall. Rhizomes decubemt, thick 3-4 mm in diam. hard, densely covered with scales; the scales brown, luminae same diameter, clathrate, transparent, lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, margins with thick and long serrations. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 1.5-5 cm. straminous, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and decurrent to bases., margins undulate, 10-40 x 1.8-2.2 cm. after dry, brownish on both surfaces, or greenish on upper surface, greyly green on under surface, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young. Paraphysis substalate or squamous, big lumina and trasparent, cell walls incressate, deeply brown, with long thick spine arroud sides.
On tree trunks under mixed forest or open rocks; 1700-2600 m. Yunnan, Xizang.
26. Lepisorus loriformis (Wall.) Chinh in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 81. 1933.
带叶瓦韦 dai ye wa wei
Polypodium loriforme Wall., Cat. n. 271. 1828; Drynsria loriforma J. Sm.; Polypodium excavatum var. loriforme C. Chr.; Polypodium subimmersum Baker; Polypodium lineare var. loriforme Takeda;
Plants 20-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, black, luminae same diameter, big and transparent, margins with thick serrations. Fronds clustered or approached; subsessile; laminae longly linear, apexes acuminate, 13-25 x ca. 0.3 cm. after dry margins strongly recurled, yellowish on both surfaces, coriaceous to thickly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subovate, rounded or shortly clavate, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, usually covered by recurled margins, and undulate. Paraphysis irregular shape, prodruding along margins, subblack.
On tree trunks or in rock crevices under forest; 2000-3000 m.; Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
27. Lepisorus stenistus ( C. B. Clare) Y. X. Lin, Fl Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 69. 2000.
狭叶瓦韦 xia ye wa wei
Polypodium lineare var. steniste C. B. Clarke, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 559. 1880; Polypodium lineare var.steniste Bedd.; Lepisorus loriformis var. stenistus Ching; Lepisorus zosterifolius Ching & y. X. Lin.
Plants 30-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, luminae same diameter, clathrate, transparent, margins thickly serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 2-8 cm. straminous; laminae loriformis, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, margins undulate, 20-60 X ca. 0.5 cm., after dry yellowish green or brown on both surfaces, chartaceous or coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlrts obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, born close to margins, covered with stlate paraphysis when young, projected outside of margin when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; Yunnan and Xizang [[ N. India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. Specimen of type collected from Sikkim.
28. Lepisorus pseudonudus Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 83. 1933.
长瓦韦 chang wa wei
Lepisorus bilouensis Ching & Y. X. Lin.
Plants 15-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered scales; the scales lanceolate, deeply brown, clathratus, transparent, bases broadly ovate, apexes longly caudate, margins with thick and long spines. Fronds subapproched; stipes 2.5-5 cm. stransminous or sometime reddish including main veins; Laminae narrowly lanceolate to sublinear, apexes longly caudate, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, 10-25 (-30) X (0.3-)0.5-1.5 cm. after dry grayish green or brownish on under surfaces, greyish green on upper surfaces, margins slightly recurled. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori round or elliptic, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis openedly palmate, margins with fingered longly spines and brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 2300-4150 m.; Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang.
29. Lepisorus tricholepis Shing & Y, X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 70. 2000.
软毛瓦韦 ruan mao wa wei
Plants ca. 30 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered scales and brown villoses, thick ca. 4 mm. in diam.; the scales triangularly lanceolate, deeply brown, luminae big, transparent, margins with thick and long spines. Fronds subapproached; stipes 5-13 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 17-25 X 1.9-2 cm. after dry yellowish on both surfaces, softly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, close to main veins, covered with more dividing braching, brown and big luminal parphysis when young.
In rock crevices on high mountain; ca. 3500 m.
30. Lepisorus lancifolius Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 11: 75. 1941.
披针瓦韦 pi zhen wa wei
Plants 15-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scale base broadly ovate, apexes with long awns, clathrate, same diameter, margins dentate, tough and uneasy breaking. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 1-2 cm. brownish; laminae lanceolate, apexes short acuminate, attenuated and decurent to bases, margins flatly straight, 14-25 X 1.4-2.4 cm. after dry reddish brown on both surfaces, or slightly brownish on under surfaces, papyraceous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with stellate deeply brown paraphysis when young.
On rocks under mixed forest; endemic in Yunnan.
31. Lepisorus sublinearis (Baker) Ching in Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 78. 1933.
滇瓦韦 dian wa wei
Polypodium sublineare Baker, Takeda, Notes. R. Bot. Ghard. Edinb. 8: 276. 1915.
Plants 15-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, apexes longer awned, clathrate, same diameter, thiner and easy broking. Fronds approached or remote; stipes 1-5 cm., strong and straminous; laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at lower 1/3 parts, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, 15-30 X (1.6-) 2-5 cm. after dry grayish green or brownish on both surfaces, chartaceous or subcoriaceus. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded,gathered in upper half parts of laminae,located between margins and main veins, covered with stellate brown paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1850-2500 m.; endemic Yunnan.
32. Lepisorus kuchenensis (Y. C. Wu) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem, Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 69. 1933.
瑶山瓦韦 yao shan wa wei
Polypodium kuchenensis Y. C. Wu & al. In Bull. Bot. Res. 16 (1): 24. 1996.
Plants 15-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, strong and densely covered with adnate scales; the scale sublongly ovate, brownish, clathrate, luminae subsquare, same diameters, margins slightly undulate, memrtaneous. Fronds remote; stipes 2-7 cm. stramineous or brownish; laminae broadly lanceolate, widest at mid or nearly lower 1/3 parts, apexes acute or longly caudate, attenuated or abruptly attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 12-30 X 3.5-6 cm., after dry deeply brown on both surfaces, or grayish green on upper surface or greenish on under surface, normally membraneous, less herbaceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obviosly visible. Sori rounded or elliptic, big size, reached 0.5 cm. in diam. located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when youn; the paraphysis rounded, big luminae and brown.
On tree trunks or wet rocky cliffs under forest; 1200-1700 m.; Guangxi, Guizhou, Taiwan, and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Guangxi (yaoshan).
33. Lepisorus magasorus (C.Chr.) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 79. 1933.
宝岛瓦韦 bao dao wa wei
Polypodium megasorum C. Chr., Ind, Fil. 544. 1906; Polypodium hypochrysum Hayata; Polypodium kawakamii Hayata.
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales brownish, bases ovate, lanceolate, attenuated to apexes , luminae subrhomboid to rectangular, clathrate, margins denticulate. Fronds remote; stipes 2-10 cm or more, stramineous to deeply brown; laminae nearlyellipticly lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, widest at 1/3 lower parts, acuminately obtuse at apexes, attenuated and longly decurrent to bases, margins flatly straight, 12-40 X 0.8-2.2 cm., after dry deeply brown on both surfaces, hardly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, usually gathered born in upper half parts of laminae or contacte parts nearly apexes of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, brown, big luminae, transparent and membranous.
On tree trunks under forest; 500-3000 m.; endemic Taiwan.
34. Lepisorus virencens Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 306-307. 1983.
绿色瓦韦 lu se wa wei
Plants reached to 20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae subsquare, margins subentire. Fronds slightly approached; Stipes nearly sessile to 1.5 cm. long, stramineous, laminae oblongly lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, attenuated and decurrent to bases, margins smooth, 12-21 X 2-3.7 cm. after dry greenish on both surfaces, herbaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets disdinct. Sori rounded or elliptic, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis rounded, brown, brownish on margins.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1425-2500 m.; Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Xizang (jilon).
35. Lepisorus scolopendrium (Ham. ex D. Don.) Menhra & Bir, Res. Bull. Panjab. Univ. Sci. n. s. 15: 168. 1965.
棕鳞瓦韦 zong lin wa wei
Polypodium scolopendrium Ham.aqud. D. Don. Prod., Fl. Nep. 1. 1825; Lepisorus excavatus var. solopendrium (Ham.) Ching.
Plants 15-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, strong and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolte, brown, luminae subsquare and transparent, apexes acuminate, entire. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 2-5 cm., sparsely wth scales at bases, stramineous; laminae elengatly lanceolate, widest at nearly lower 1/3 parts, apexes acute or longly caudately acuminate, margins nearly flatly sraightly or slightly undulate, 15-45 X 1-4 cm. after dry reddish brown on both surfaces, herbaceous or thinly papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets slightly visible. Sori rounded or elliptic, usually gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, located between margins and costa, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, brown and entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 500-2800 m.; Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan,Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Nepal].
36. Lepisorus paleparaphysus Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 75. 2000.
淡丝瓦韦 dan si wa wei
Plants 15-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae broadly square, deeply brown, marginal luminae smaller, brownish and entire, tightly adnated on rhizomes. Fronds approached or remote; stipes nearly sessile to 3 cm.long, stramineous; laminae elongatly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, widest usually at lower 1/3 parts, attenuated to up, acute at apexes, attenuated and decurrent to bases or abruptly attenuated straightly to joint of rhizomes, margins flatly straight, 7-40 X 1-3.5 cm. after dry brownly green or greenish or yellowly green to yellowish green and less greyly green on both surfaces and covered with adnanet scales on under surfaces, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obviously visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, brown in mid parts, brownish along margin and entire.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 2300-2800 m.; Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [N. India, Nepal]. Specimen collected from Yunnan (yangbi).
37. Lepisorus bicolor Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. Bot. 4: 66. 1933.
二色瓦韦 er se wa wei
Polypodium caxcavatum var. bicolorTakeda; Polypodium oligolepidium Christ.
Plants 15-30(-35) cm. tall. Rhizomes strong, 5 mm. in diam., and creeping, densely covered with adnate scales; the scales broadly ovately lanceolate, apexes acuminate, luminae fine and dense, subblack in mid parts, margins brownish and with irregular sharp spines. Frondd approached or remote; stipes (1-) 2-6 (-8) cm. robust ca. 1 mm. in diam., sparsely with scales; Laminae lanceolate, widest at mid or lower 1/3 parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate or obtuse, bases cuneate and longly decurrent, margins flatly straight and entire, (8-) 13-28 X 1-4 cm. after dry brownish or greyly green on both surfaces, smooth on upper surface, under surface sparsely with adnate scales, herbaceous or subpapyracous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets normally obscure. Sori big size, elliptic or subrounded, usually gathered born in upper half parts or near end of laminae, close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, mid luminae big and transparent, cell walls incrassed, black, with irregular luminae aroud sides, brown, membraneous, erose along margins.
In crevices among rocks by stream sides under forest or by road sides of mountain slope; 1000-3300 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang.
38. Lepisorus morrisonensis (Hayata) H. Ito in Jap. Bot. 11: 92. 1935.
白边瓦韦 bai bian wa wei
Polypodium morrisorium Hayata in Bot. Mag. Bull. Bot. Res. Tokyo 23: 77. 1919.
Plants 10-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong, creeping and densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, mid luminae small, square to rectngular, cell walls incrassated, cell cavities narrow, deeply brown, intransparent, margins brownish and transparent and usually erose, acuminate at apexes, by one point attached on rhizomes. Fronds normally approached; stipes 1-3 cm. stramineous, spasely with scales; laminae narrowly lanceolate to elongately lanceolate, widest at mid parts, apexes acuminate or shortly acute, bases attenuated and decurrent, margins flatly straight, 12-30 X 1-3 cm., after dry greenish on both surfaces or greyly green on upper surface, yellowish on under surface, herbaceous to chartaceous. Main vein raised on both sides, spsrsely with scales along under sides, veinlets visible. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins,slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, big luminae, transparent and brown.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1300 - 4100 m.; Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [ N. India, Nepal, Sikkin]
39. Lepisorus subsessile Ching & Y. X Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 77. 2000.
短柄瓦韦 duan bin wa wei
Plants 10-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping and densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, mid luminae small, cell walls incrassed, sublongly square, deeply brown, toward margin brownish to nearly colorless, luminae shortly square, transparent, margins erose, apexes shortly acuminate, bases broadly ovate. Fronds remote; stipes 0.5-1.5 cm. subdeeply brown, hard and smooth; laminae elongately lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases attenuated and decurrent, margins slightly recurled, 20-25 X 1-1.5 cm., after dry deeply brown on upper surface, greyly brown on under surface, hardly coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, close to margins, and located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, luminae small, brown and transparent.
On rocks of shady places under forest; ca. 1000 m.; endemic Guangxi (feng shan)
40. Lepisorus cespitosus Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6 (2): 77. 2000.
丛生瓦韦 cong sheng wa wei
Plants 15-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, deeply brown, luminal walls incrassed, cavities small, subsquare, bases broadly ovate, upward attenuate into long awned in end, margins dentate, thick in texture. Fronds clustered; stipes nearly sessile, or 0.5 cm. stramineous; laminae lanceolate,widest at mid or lower mid parts, upward attenuated into longly caudate at apexes, downwards attenuated and decurrent nearly to bases of stipes, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 13-30 X 1.3-1.8 cm, after dry brownish on upper surfaces, grayish green or yellowish on under surface, subpapyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis stellate and deeply brown.
On Tree trunks or rocks under everygreen broadleved forest; 1600-2000 m. endemi in Xizang.
41. Lepisorus longus Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10 (3): 192. 1965.
长叶瓦韦 chang ye wa wei
Lepisorus longifolius Ching & C. H. Wang.
Plants ca. 45 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales at apexes (mostly fallen from old one); the scales ovately lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases subrounded, luminae subshortly quare, upper ones subrectangular, walls inrassated, deeply brown, marginal walls of luminae thin, brownish and entire. Fronds remote; stipes 5-10 cm. long, straminou to deeply brown, smooth; laminae elongate to lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 15-30 X 1-2.2 cm. margins flatly straight or lightly recurled, after dry greenish on under surface, brownish upper surface, or brown on upper surface, yellowish green on under surface, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, or attached only in a parts of apexes, located between margins and main veins, covered with brown ,rounded paraphysi when young.
On tree trunks under forest; 900-1200 m.; endemic Hainan.
The species differ with next one L. affinis Ching, except plants different sizes, rhizomes of the species with 11 vascular bundles in transvers sections, bases of stipes with 5 vascular bundles, but A. affinis separately with 14 vascular bundles and 3 vascular bundles in rhizomes and bases of stipes.
42. Lepisorus affinis Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 152. pl. 22: 28. 1959.
海南瓦韦 hai nan wa wei
Plants 67-70 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales at apex; the scales ovately lanceolate, brownish, apexes acuminate, bases broadly rounded, luminae same diameter, brownish, trasparent, entire. Frond remote; stipes 5-10 cm.long, straminous to deeply brown, hard, smooth; Lamine broadly loriformis, attenuated to both end, apexes obtus or acuminate, bases narrowly cuneate and decurrent, entire, ca. 60 X 2.5-3.2 cm. after dry deeply brown or greyly green on both surfaces, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, close to margins, covered with paraphysis when young.
On tree trunks under forest; 900-1100 m.; endemic Hainan (qiongzhong).
43. Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regel & Maack) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 91. 1933.
乌苏里瓦韦 wu su li wa wei
Pleopeltis ussuliensis Regel & Maack, Mem. Acad. Sci. Ptersb. 7: 4. 175. 1861; Polypodium ussuriense Regal.
Plant 10-15 cm. tall. Rhizome slender and creeping, densely covered with scale; the sclet lanceolate, dark-brown, base subround, cell wall incrassate, lumina big and transparent, slightly same diameter, upward abtruftly narriwed, with long awn sharp end at apex, lumina rectangular, maegin denticulste. Frond apart from 3-22 mm; stipe 1.5-5 cm., stramineous, or brownish to dark-brown, smooth and glabrous; lamina linear-lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apex short-acuminate, or obtuse, base cuneate and decurrent, 4-13 X 0.5-1 cm. margin slightly reflexed, papyraceous or subcoriacous. Costa raised on bothsides, veinlet obscure. Sori round, located between margin and costa, covered with stallate, dark-brown paraphysis when young.
In rocky crevices under forest or shady place of slope; 750-1700 m.; Anwei, Hebei, Helongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong.
44. Lepisorus pseudoussuriensis Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Giobot. 5: 110. 1936.
拟乌苏里瓦苇 ni wu li wa wei
Lepisorus angustifrons Tagawa.
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and decurrent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate,deeply brown, bases broadly ovate, laminae big, same diameter, mid ones subrectangular, walls slightly incrassate, upwards attenuate, with long awns apexes, margins shortly serrate. Fronds remote; stipes 1.2-12 cm. brown; laminae linearly lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 10-20 X 0.3-0.8 cm. after dry brown on both surfaces, smooth, margin flatly straight or slightly recurled, papyraceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure.. Sori elliptic,located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis subrounded, brown, luminae big, subsquare, transparent.
On tree trunks or rocks whth mosses under forest; 1000-3000 m.; endemic Taiwan.
45.Lepisorus griongensis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl Xizang. 1: 304. f. 76: 5-6. 1983.
吉隆瓦韦 ji lon wa wei
Plants 15-23 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apexes, mid luminae elongate, wall incrassate, trasparent, subdeeply brown, entire. Fronds remote; stipes 3-4.5 cm. deeply brown, smooth; laminae lanceolate, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 15-20 X 0.1-1.2 cm. after dry greyly green on both surfaces, or brown, margin flatly straiht or slightly recurled, papyraceous or thinly herbaceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded,gathered born in supra 1/3 parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, deeply brown, mid luminae subsqare and transparent.
On rocks under forest; ca. 2380 m. endemic Xizong (jilong).
46. Lepisorus elegans Ching & W. M. Chu in Acta Phytotax. Yun. Suppl.. 5: 56. 1992.
片马瓦韦 pian ma wa wei
Plants 13-23 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly ovate, luminae big, nearly shortly square to square, transparent, with awn at apexes, entire, ocasionally with shortly intrasparent narrowly belts at bases. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 1-3 cm. long, straminous or deeply brown; laminae lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate and slightly decurrent, 12-20 X 1-1.6 cm. after dry green on upper surface, greyly green on under surface, nearly thinly herbaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born on upper parts of laminae, or supra 1/3 apical parts, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis rounded, luminae small, brown, with awn spines at margins.
On tree trunks under forest; 2100-2300 m.; endemic Yunnan (lushui pianma).
47. Lepisorus iridescens Ching & Y. X. Lin, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 6(2): 82. T. 16: 3-4. 2000.
彩虹瓦韦 cai hon a wei
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, attenuated upwards, apexes longly acuminate, luminae subsquare,cell walls slightly incrassate, deeply brown, transparent, margins denticulate; iridescent. Fronds slightly approached; stipes 0.3-5 cm. deeply straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts or 1/3 lower parts, upwards 1/3 parts abruptly ayyenuated for attaching sorus, with longly caudate of sterile part at apexes, bases cuneate and decurrent, after dry brown on both surfaces, smooth, margin flatly straight or slightly recurled, coriaceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori elliptic, gathered born in 1/3 upper parts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, confluent when maturity, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis stallete, deeply brown, with thickly spines along margins.
On tree trunks under evergreen broadleaves forest; 2200-2500 m.; edemic Yunnan (shuangbai).
48. Lepisorus soulieanus (Christ) Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5 (1): 11. 1983.
川西瓦韦 chuan xi wa wei
Pleopeltis soulieanus Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. Res. France 52: Mem. 1. 15. 1905; Lepisorus petiolaus Y. X. Lin.
Plants 7-17 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly ovate, luminae subsquare, transparent, cell walls obviously incrassate, with longer awn sharp at apexes, deeply brown, with long and thck spines along margins. Fronds remote; stipes 2-6.3 cm. stramineous, smooth; Lminae lanceolate, widest at 1/3 lower part, apex obtuse, bases unsymmetrical cuneate, decurrent, margin flat, 5-11.5 x 0.8-1.4 cm. after dry greyly green or brown on both surfafeces, subherbeceous or papyraceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis small, squamous, clathrate, deeply brown and thickly serrate along margins..
In rocky crevices under forest; 2800-4200 m.; Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
49.Lepisorus ligulatus Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 1983.
舌叶瓦韦 she ye w
Plants 7-13 cm tall. Rhizomes creping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, clathrate, basel luminae same diameter, upwards ones subsquare, with longly awn-shape at apexes, deeply brown. Fronds approached; stipes 0.5-3 cm. straminous, smooth; laminae ligulate or spatulate, widest at mid or bitly lower parts, apexes obtuse, bases cuneate, decurrent, 4-10 X 0.7-1 cm. after dry greyly green on both surfaeces, herbaceous or thinly papyraceous, margins flatly sraight or slightlly recurled. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, usually gathered born in upper half prts of laminae, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis nearly small squamous, clathrate, with long and thick spines along margins and deeply brown.
Endemic in W Sichuan.
50. Lepisorus variabilis Ching & S. K. Wu, Fl. Xizang. 1: 308. 1983.
多变瓦韦 duo bian wa wei
Lepisorus sinuatus Ching & S. K. Wu.
Plants 5-15 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, thick 2-3 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, clathrate, transparent, deeply brown, margins with long and thick spinel serrations . Fronds approached or remote; stipes 1-4 (6) cm. straminous; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, apexes mostly obtuse, bases cuneate, slifgtly unsymmetricl, decurrent, margins flatly straight, 5-15 X 1-2 cm., after dry greyish on both surfaces, glabrous on upper surface, with one or two scales on under surface, thinly herbaceous. Main veins slender, raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori subrounded or elliptic, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young, the paraphysis squamosous, with irregular big luminae and with thick long spines along margins, deeply brown. Sporingia subrounded, most with broadly annuli. Spores elliptic, sporedems subsmooth or rugulate ornamemtations..
In rocky crevices under thickets or on wet rocks im mosses; ca. 2700-3500 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. [ N.W. India, Kashmir, Nepal]. Specimen of type collected from Xizang (bomi).
51. Lepisorus patungensis Ching & S. K Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5(1): 11. 1983.
神农架瓦韦 shen nong jia wa wei
Plants 8-13 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases broadly ovate, clathrate, luninae same diameter and polygonal, trasparent, deeply brown, thin in texture and easy broking, with thick and long spines along margins. Fronds approached; stipes 1-4 cm. straminous; laminae lanceolate, apexes hebetate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 6-15 X 0.6-1. 3 cm., after dry greyly brown on both surfaces, or brown on upper surface, brownish on under surface, papyraceous or subcorisceous. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori rounded, gathered born in supra 2/3 parts of laminae, located betweent margins and main veins, coverd with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis small squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long slines along margins.
On tree trunks under forest or rocks by road sides in forest edge; ca. 2300 m.; Hubei, and Sichuan. Specimen of type collected from Hubei.
52. Lepisorus kansuensis Ching & Y. X. Lin in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 17. 1983.
甘肃瓦韦 gansu wa wei
Plants 14-21 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, with hair-shape, acuminate at apexes, luminae big and transparent, same diameter, deeply brown, with openeing thick and long spines along margins. Fronds normally approached; stipes 3.5-6 cm.long, straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate and decurrent, 12-15 X 0.6.5-0.9 cm., after dry greenish on both surfaces, or greenish on upper surface or grely greenish on under surface, papyraceous. Main veins raised on bothsides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located betweent margins and main veins, distance from to anather ca. equal to 1-2 voliums of sorus, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long spines along margins.
In rocky crevices on slope; ca. 2700 m.; Gansu and Shanxi.
53. Lepisorus coaetaneus Ching & Y. X. Lin in Bull. Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 12. 1983.
金顶瓦韦 jin din wa wei
Lepisorus venosus Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus crassipes Ching & Y, X. Lin.
Plants 8-18 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales broadly lanceolate, lumina big and decurrent, polygonel, same diameter, with long awn shrp at apexes, deeply brown, with thick and long spines along margins. Fronds remote or approached; stipes 0.4-4 cm. straminous; laminae linearly lanceolate or lanceolate, apexes hebetate or obtuse, bases cuneate and decurrent, margins flatly straight, 7-16 X 0.6-1.8 cm., after dry yellowly green or deeply brow on upper surface, greyly green on under surface or brownish or greenish on both surfaces, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces. Main veins raised on both sides , veinlets obscure or raised on both sides. Sori elliptic or subrounded, located between margins and main veins, slghtly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis; the paraphysis small squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with thick and long spines along margins.
In shady and wet rocky crevices of slopes or on crocky cliffs by stream sides; 2400-3500 m.; Gansu. Guizhou, Qinghai, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
54. Lepisorus clthratus (C. B. Clarke) Ching in Bull. Fan Mem Inst. Biol. Bot. 4: 71. 1933.
网眼瓦韦 wang yian wa wei
Polypodium clathretum C. B. Clarke, Ferns N. Ind. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 2: 559. pl. 82. f. i. 1880; Lepisorus nepalensis K. Iwats.
Plants 5-10 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases ovate, apexes shortly acute, basel luminae nearly shortly square, same diameter, upwards one subrectangular, nearly deeply brown, with shortly dendate along margins. Fronds remote; or slightly approached; stipes 0.7-3 cm. long, slander, straminous; laminae lanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes acuminate, bases cuneate, slightly decurrent, margins flatly straight, 10-13 X 1.1-1.5 cm., after dry greenish or brownly green on both surfaces, herbaceous or submembranous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veinlets visible. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with squamous paraphysis when young..
On tree trunks of evergreen broadleave forest, or in rocky crevices of slopes or in stone beach of rever; 2000-4300 m.; Sichuan and Xizang [Kashmir, Nepal].
55. Lepisorus henanensis Ching & S. K. Lin in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 13. 1983.
河南瓦韦 he nan wa wei
Lepisorus shensiensis Ching & S. K. Wu.
Plants 10-20 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brownish, luminae clathrate and subsquare, upwards ones subrectangulat, with long awn sharp at apexes and with long opened spines along margins. Fronds remote; stipes 3-4 cm. long, slender and straminous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid or 1/3 lower parts, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneate, margins flatly straight, 4-8 X 1-1.4 cm., after dry greyish green on both surfaces, herbaceous. Main veins raised on under side, on upper side flat or slightly raised or depressed in limited places, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, with opened thick spines along margins and brown.
In wet rock crevices of mountain slopes; 2800-3800 m.; Henan, Qinghai and shaanxi.
56. Lepisorus pseudo-clathrate\us Ching & S. K. Wu in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 10-11. 1983.
假网眼瓦韦 jia wang yan wa wei
Plants 5-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases suboavte, with long hair-shape at apex, luminae mostly rectangular, walls slightly incrassate, transparent, firm in tecture, with long opened thich spines along margins, castaneusly black., iridecens. Fronds remote; stipes 1.5-4 cm. straminous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid or sommetime at 1/3 lower parts, attenuate to both ends, apexes longly caudate, base cuneate and slightly decurrent, margins flatly straight, 7-20 X0.7-1.8 cm., whole fronds usually bened into falcate, after dry deeply green, greenish or brownish on both surfaces, membranous or subherbaceous. Main veins slightly raised on both sides, veilets obviously visible. Sori subrounded, gathered born in 1/3 lower to 1/3 upper parts of laminae, locaded between margins and main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae irregular, big and transparent, with thick and long spines along margins and deeply brown.
On tree trunks under forest or in shady and wet rocky creviced of mountain slopes; 3200-4300 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xizang. Specimem of type collected from Yunnan (deqin).
57. Lepisorus albertii (Regal) Ching in Acta Bot. Yun. 5 (1): 20. 1983.
天山瓦韦 tian shan wa wei
Polypodium albertii Regel in acta Hort. Petr. 7: 620. 1881; Polypodium lineare C. Chr.; Lepisorus clathratus Ching ; Lepisorus pumilus Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus thaipaiensis Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus likiangensis Ching & S. K. Wu; Lepisorus papakensis Ching & Y. X. Lin;
Lepisorus maoweneensis Ching & S. K. Wu ; Lepisorus shansiensis Ching & Y. X. Lin.
Plants 5-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes creeping, thick 2-3 mm. in diam. densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, bases broadly ovate, attenuate upwords, with long awn at apex, luminae subsquare or shortly rectangular, big and transparent, with thick and long spines along margins, deeply brown. Fronds approached or remote; stipes (1-) 2-10 cm.long, slender, smooth; laminae sublanceolate orlanceolate, attenuated to both ends, apexes obtus or hebetate, bases cuneae, decurrent, margins flatly straight or slightly undulate, 5-22 (-29) X (0.4-) 1-2 (-2.6) cm., after dry greenish to deeply green on both surfaces, or geyish brown or yellowish, herbaceus to papyraceous, glabrous or sparsely with scales on under surface. Main veins raised on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, located between margins and main veins, slightly close to main veins, covered with paraphysis when young; the paraphysis squamous, luminae big and transparent, deeply brown, with long and thick spines along margins.
In shady and wet rocky crevices of maountain slopes or on tree trunks under forest; 1500-4300 m.; Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei MongalQinhai, Shaanxi. Shanxi, Sichuan, Tiwan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and Xizang.
15. PYRROSIA Mirbel in Lamk. & Mirbel, Hist. Nat. Ds Veg. 5. 91. 1803.
石韦属 shi wei shu
Mid size epiphytic and apilithic plants. Rhizomes long and creeping, or shortly decumbent, scattered with dictyostele and black sclerenchyma strands, densely covered with scales; the scales peltfexed, brown, whole plant or margins and apexes ciliate. Fronds monophic or dimorphic, approached, remote or sclustered; usually stiped, articulated, sparsely covered with scales on lower parts, upwards usually with sparse hairs; laminae linear to lanceolate, or longly ovate, entire, or rarely hastete or palmete. Main veins distinct, leteral veins obliquely spreading, distinct or obscure, veinlets obscure and joined into diferrent types of areolae and with including veinlets, with a hydathode on end of veinlet and laminae with pits on upper surface. Fronds coriaceous or papyraceous after dry, whole plant particular on under surface usually covered with thick stellate hairs, rarely glabrous on both surfaces; the stellate hairs separated into one or two layers, rays divided into monophic type of rays and dimorphic type of rays. Sori subrounded, born at end of including veinlets, more or less confluent when maturity, in one or mult-rows on each side of mtin veins, exindusiate, with stellate paraphysis, covered with stellate hairs, grayish brown at beginning, brickly red after matuit. Sprangia usually with long stoks. Spore elliptic, with tuberculate, granulate or costate ornamentaions. Chromosome X = 37.
Typical species of grnus: Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw.
About 100 species, tropic and subtropic areas; 38 species (16 endemic) in china.
1a. Laminae covered with one layer of stellate hairs on under surfaces.
2a. Rays of stellate hair on under surfaces of laminae monomorphic..
3a. The rays lanceolate, ratio of width and lenth 3:1.
4a. Fronds destinctly dimorphic.
5a. Scale margins on rhizomes ciliate.------------------------------------1. P. adnascens
5b. Scalye margins on rhizomes entire-----------------------------------------2. P. ensata
4b. Fronds monomorphic or subdimorphic.
6a. Laminae ligulate or linearly lanceolate.
7a. Scales on rhizomes broadly lanceolate, entire, laminae ligulate, reached 60 cm long--------------------------------------------------------------3. P. longfolia
7b. Scales on rhizomes linearly lanceolate, margins ciliate laminae 4-25 cm.long.
8a. Laminal induments thin and subglarouson both surfaces green - ----------------------------------------------------------------------4. L. nuda
8b. Laminal indumemts thick and persistent,under surfaces grey--------- ----------------------------------------------------------------5. P. lanceolata
6b. Fronds hastate, broadly oblong or oblongly lanceolate.
9a. Laminae hastate-----------------------------------------------------------6. Hastata
9b. Laminae oblong or oblongly lanceolate.
10a. Laminae oblong, widest at mid parts, aequilateral and truncate or roundly truncate at base.
11a. Laminae longly caudate at apexes, papyraceous, covered with thin indumemts-----------------------------------------------7. P. caudifrons
11b. Laminae acuminate or obtuse at apexes, coriaceous, covered with thick indumemts.
12a. Laminae usally 3-6 cm.long, stipes usually long as 1 –2 tims as laminal length, often involute, covered with dense hairs; laterel veinlets indistinct-----------------8. P. petiolosa
12b. Laminae reached 20 cm. long or more, 1-1.5 (-4) cm. wide, flatly spreading, glabrous,stipes shorter than laminal length, lereral veins distinct------------------------------------9. P. lingua
10b. Laminae broadly lanceolate, base subcordate or roundly cuneate, usually inaequilateral and widest---------------------------10. P. sheareri
3b. Rays of stellate hairs aciculate or subulate, ratio of width and length of rays ca. 1: 7 (-9 ).
13a. Laminae palmate-----------------------------------------------------------------11. P. polydactyla
13b. Laminae unpalmate.
14a. Laminae linearly lanceolate or lanceolate, covered with thick indumemts on under surfaces.
15a. Laminae linearly lanceolate, apexes shortly acute-----------------12. P. assimilis
15b. Laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends.
16a. Plants taller and big, covered with loose induments, aciculate rays twice times as long as those of next species; laminae thickly coriaceous, distributed mailand China and Taiwan----------------------------13. P. gralla
16b. Plants smaller, covered with less stllate hairs; the hair with short aciculate rays; laminae thinly coriaceous, distributed N.China to Japanese Islands -------------------------------------------------14. P. davidii
14b. Laminae lanceolate or oblongly lanceolate, subglabrous, or sparsely covered with thin induments on under surfaces.
17a. Laminae oblongly lanceolate, base cuneate and undecurrent, mid parts 6-8 cm. wide, grey and covered with thiner indumemts on under surfaces-------------------------------------------------------------15. P. shennogensis
17b. Laminae lanceolate, attenuated upwards, base longly decurrent, mid parts 2-5 cm. wide, green and subglbrous on lower surface--------------------16. P. calvata
2b. Rays of stllate hairs on under surfaces of laminae dimorphic; beside with wide and shorter rays , in addition to acicular rays from same axis of stellate hairs .
18a. Scales on rhizomes peltifexed, laminal bases cuneate and undecurrent, covered with loose , brown narrowly lanceolate stellate hairs on both surfaces.
19a. Plants taller, more over 20 cm. scale margins ciliate.
20a. Laminae oblongly lanceolate, or oblong. 4-6 cm. wide, apexes caudate-------------- ----------------------------------------------------17. P. heteractis
20b. Laminae lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm wide--------------------------------18. P. eberhardtii
19b. Plants smaller, ca. 6 cm tall, scale margins on rhizomes entire-----19. P. fuohaiensis
18b. Scales on rhizomes basifixed, laminal bases decurrent, covered with stellate hairs on upper surface, without on under surface.
21a. Laminae oblanceolatre, subssesile-------------------------------------------20. P. costata
21b. Laminae lanceolate with long stipes---------------------------------------21. P. princeps
1b. Laminae covered with two layers of fifferent rays of stellate hairs.
22a. Superficial rayer of stellate hairs with broad rays.
23a. Laminae broadly ovate, bases rounded.
24a. Scales 1.2-1.5 cm long, linearly lanceolate, longly acuminate at apexes, entire; laminal widest at mid parts, bases cuneate or rounded-----------22. P. flocculosa
24b. Scales ovate, apexes acuminate, basel parts entire, upwards dentate; bases subtruncate or cordate and widest---------------------------------23. P. subtruncata
23b. Laminae lanceolate, bases cuneate------------------------------------------24. P. stigmosa.
22b. Superficial rayer of stellate hairs with subulate or aciculate rays.
25a. Superficial stellate hairs with subulate or acicular rays.
26a. Laminae linear or linearly lanceolate, less 1 cm in wide.
27a. Laminae linear, 1-2 rows of sori on either side of main veins-------------------------------------------------------------25. P. linearifolia
27b. Laminae linearly lanceolate, mult-rows of sori on either side of main veins.
28a. Scale bases on rhizomes sheath shape, stellate hairs in bottom layer loose, raya of stellate hairs on superficial layer unequal in length-----------------------------------------------------------26. P. similis
28b. Scale bases on rhizomes rounded, stellate hairs in botton layer dense, rays of suoerficial layer equal in length----------------27. P. tonkinensis
26b. Laminae lanceolate or oblongly lanceolate, above 1 cm in wide.
29a. Rhizomes long and creeping; fronds remote, less than12 cm. in length, with short stipes; rays of stellate hairs on superficial layer deeply brown and unqual in length, upwards usually with long acicular rays from top of axises-------------------------------------------------------------------------28. P. laevis
29b. Rhizomes thick and short; fronds remote, stipes longer than laminae, laminae 10-30 cm. long, rays of stellate hairs on superficial layer brownish and equal in length, without long acicular rays from top of axis.
30a. Laminal bases cuneate, aequilateral, thin in texture, induments loose--------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------29. P. bonii
30b. Laminal bases rounded, inaequilateral, thick in texture, induments thick---
---------------------------------------------------------------30. P. pseudodrakeana
25b. Stellate hairs of superficial layer with acicular rays.
31a. Fronds dimorphic----------------------------------------------------------31. P. nummularifolia
31b. Fronds monomorphic.
32a. Laminae linear.
33a. Sprangia sessile or subssesle---------------------------------------32. P. stenophylla
33b.Stalks of sporangia equal 1/2-1 times as long as length of sporangia---------------------------------------------------------------7. P. tonkinensis
32b. Laminae lanceolate, oblongly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate.
34a. Plants mid-size, 30-60 cm. tall, laminae lanceolate to oblong.
35a. Laminae lanceolate, widest at above middle.
36a. Laminae subglabrous, or with less hairs along stipes to min veins.
37a. Scales on rhizomes ovate and light black--------33. P. nudicaulis
37b.Scales on rhizomes lanceolate, brown or black at attached places, stipes short and with loose hairs----------------------------------------34.P. porosa var. mollissima
36b. Stipes tomain veins densely covered with stellate hairs.
38a.Scale margins on rhizomes longly ciliate----------------------------------------34. P. porosa var. porosa
38b. Scale margins on rhizomes entire----------------------35. P. mannii
35b.Laminae oblong or oblongly lanceolate, widest at mid parts--------------------------------------------------------------36. P. fengiana
34b. Plants 80-100 cm. tall, laminae broadly lanceolate or at base like pandurate.
39a. Laminal bases rounded, susally inaequilateral at both lateral sides------------------------------------------------------------------7. P. drakeana
39b. Laminal bases cuneate, aequilateral at both lateral sides.
40a. Fronds sessile; laminal bases longly decurrent, stellate hairs on bottom layer on under surface of lamina powder-like, persistent, grey when maturity----------------------------------38. P. subfurfurracea
40b. Fronds stiped, laminal bases without decurrent, stellate hairs on bottom layer on under urface of lamina deciduous before maturity, green on under surface of laminae--------------------------16. P. calvata
1. Pyrrosi adnascens (Sw. ) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 45. 1935.
贴生石韦 tie sheng shi wei
Polypodium adnascens Sw. , Syn. Fil. 25: 220. pl. 2. f. 2. 1806; Cyclosoru hetrophyllus Desv.; C. bamberi Rosenst; C. stellatus Copel.and C. dimorphus ; Nipholus caudatum Kaulf.; Pyrrosia caudata Ching; P. dimorpha Parris; P. lanceolata Farw.; Polypodium pertusum Roxb. ex Hook, ; Niphobolus canosum Blume; N. elongatus Blume; N. spathulifer Bory; N. chamissonianus C. Presl;
Plants 5-12 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, apexes acuminate, margins ciliate, brownish, deeply brown at attached point. Fronds remote; dimorphic, carnous; articulated; stelile sties 1-1.5 cm. long, yellowish, with scale at jointed places, upwards covered with stellate hairs; laminae smaller, obovately elliptic or elliptic, 2-4 X 0.8-1 cm. sparsely covered with stellate hairs on superficial and densely on lowerficial, after dry thickly coriaceus, yellow; fortile fronds loriformis to narrowly lanceolate, 8-15 X 0.5-0.8 cm. entire. Main veins raised on under sides, depresedon on upper sides,veinlets reticulate, with simple including veinlets in areolae. Sori attached at tops of including veinlets, gathering in above middle of fortile laminae, exindusiated, covered with stellate hairs when young, brownish, confluent at maturity, brick-red.
On tree tunks or rocks; 100-1300 m.; Fujian, Guangdong., Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Yunnan. [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim, Singapore and Thailand].
Whole planta are used as against inflammation applied clear away heat and detoxifying drug, for scrofula.
1a. Plants 5-12 cm. tall. without calcoreous punctation on superficial of laminae and covered with thin innduments on superficial-------------------------------------------------------1a. f. adnanscens
1b. Plants much smaller. With calcoreous punctations on superficial of laminae and covered thick induments on superficial-----------------------------------------------------------------1b. f. calcicola
1a. Pyrrosia adnanscens f. adnanscens
贴生石韦 ( 原变形) tie shen shi wei ( yua shen shi wei)
Plants 5-12 cm tall. without calcoreous punctations on superficial of laminae, covered with thin induments on superficial of laminae.
On tree trunks or rocks; 100-1300 m.; Fujiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Yunnan and the other tropic regains of Asia.
1b. Pyrrosia adnanscens f. calcicola Shing in J. Jap. Bot. 72 (1): 28. 1997.
钙生石韦 gai sheng shi wei
Pyrrosia calcicola Ching in Sched.
Plants much smaller. Stelile fronds 2 cm only, 1.5 cm. wide; fortile fronds ca. 7 X 1 cm., with calcoreous punctations on superficial and covered with thick induments on superficial of laminae.
On rocks on mountain top; Guangxi ( lingyun).
2. Pyrrosia ensata Ching & Shing in J. Jap. Bot. 72 (1): 28. 1997.
剑叶石韦 jian ye shi wei
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate, entire and brown scales. Fronds remote, dimorphic; stipes 1-6 cm., bases covered with scales, upwards smooth; stelile fronds lanceolate, widest at middle, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate acuminate, bases cuneater and decurrent, entire, 13-24 X 1.6-3 cm. fortile fronds usually much narrowly longer, after dry papyraceous, greyly brown or greenish on upper surfaces, glabrous, under surfaces brownish or greyly green, covered with stellate hairs of broadly lanceolate rays in one layer. Sori subrounded or oblong, garhered born in above half of mid parts of fortile laminae, in multi-rows on either sides of main veins, sometime places on close to main veins sterile, covred with stellate hairs when young, densely contacted with one to anather or slightly confluent when maturity, brick-red.
On tree trunks under evergreen brodleave forest; 800-1800 m.; Yunnan and Xizang.
3. Pyrrosia longifolia (Burm. f.) Morton in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36: 168. 1946.
南洋石韦 nan yang shi wei
Acrosichum longifolium Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 228. 1786; Polypodium acrostichoides Forst., P. macropodium Baker; Pyrrosia acrostchoides (Forst.) Ching; P. macropoda (Baker) Ching; P. coccicosdeisqumata Gill. Cycropholus scolopendrium Desv.; C. induratus Christ; C. acrostchoides (Forst.) C. Presl var. bakeri Alderw.; Niphobolus puberulus Blume; N. ffisus Blume; Cyclosorus vareculosus Alderw.
Plants 20-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping; densely covered with broadly ovate scales; the scales brownish, black at attached point, entire. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 1.5-5 cm. long, subdeeply brown on lower ports, upwards brown, smooth, except base covered with scales other parts smooth; laminae nearly elongately ligulete to broadly loriformis, 16-60 X 1-3 cm. cornous, entire, subsmooth on upper surfaces, densely covered with brownish, stellate hairs of thick layer on under surfaces, after dry thickly coriaceus, yellowish.Main veins distinctly raised on undersides, depresed on upper sides, veinlets retuclate, with includeding veinlets in areolae, obscure. Sori subrounded, attached at top on including veinlet, attached points depresed, contacted with one to anather when maturity, gathered born in above half of laminal mid parts, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs wher young.
On tree trunks or shady wet rocks in forest; 340-1400 m.; Hainan and Yunnan [Combdia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillipenes, Singaore, Thiland and Vietnan].
4. Pyrrosia nuda (Gies.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 70. 1935.
裸叶石韦 luo ye shi wei
Niphobolus nudus Gies., Farng.. Niph. 149. 1901; Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Faewell;
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales; the scales long acuminate at apexes, margins ciliate, brownish, submembranous. Fronds remote, dimorphic; stipes 1-4 cm. covered with scales at bases, upwards sparsey covered with stellate hairs, yellowy brown; laminae nerrowlly lanceolate (fortile one much narrow), widest at middle or midly lower parts, attenuated to bothends, apexes longly caudate, bases decurrent, 10-25 X 1-1.8 cm. entire, cornous, after dry hardly coriaceous, greyly yellow, slightly corrugate and smoth on upper surfaces, covered with loose stellate hair on under surfaces. Main veins raised on under sides, depresed on upper sides, veinlets reticulate,obsucre. Sori subrounded,gathered born in above mid parts of laminae, exindasiate, covered with stellate hairs when young.
On tree trunks under forest; 560-1550 m.; Hainan, Sichuan and Yunnan [Bhdan,Myanmar, Nepal]
5.Pyrrosia lanceolata (L.) Farwell in Amer. Midl. Nat. 12: 245. 1930.
披针叶石韦 pi zhen shi wei
Acrostichum lanceolatum L.. Sp. Pl. 2: 1067. 1753; A. dubium Pior.; Polypodium spissum Bory ex Willd.; P. dubium (Ooir.) Kuhn; P. vittariodes Mett.; Niphobolus giesenhageni Christ; N. vittarioides (Met) T. Moore.; Cycrophorus giesenhageni (Christ) C. Chr.; C. coenutus Copel.; C. gaber Desv.; C. spissum Bory ex Willd.; Pyrrosia cornuta (Copel.) Tagawa.
Plants 5-12 cm. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate; the scales longly acuminate at apexes, margins siliate, white when young, brownish when old. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 5-10 mm. long, bases coverd with scales, upwards sparsely covered with stellate hairs; laminae sublinear, widesr at mid parts, attenuate to both ends, apexes obtuse, bases longly decurrent 4-14 X 0.6 cm. glabrous on upper surfaces, covered stellate hairs on thick layer on under surfaces, entire, after dry coraceous, yellowish on upper surfaces, deeply yellow or greyly white. Main veins flat on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, usually gathered born in above mid parts of laminae, spreading all over on under surfaces of laminae, exindusiate, covered with thick stellate hairs when young.
On rocks or tree trunks under rain forest; 750-2000 m.;Yunnan and Xizang [Myanmer, Nepal, New Guinea and Thailand].
6. Pyrrosia hastata (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 48. 1935.
戟叶石韦 ji ye shi wei
Acrostchum hastatum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2 (14): 68, t. 95, f. 2. 1783; Polypodium tricuspe Sw.; Pyrrosia tricupe (sw.) Tagawa.
Plants over 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and thick, decumbent, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales yellow when young, black when old, margins ciliate. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipies ca.equal 1.5-2 time as long as laminal length, bases covered with scales, upwards covered with stellate hairs, deeply brown, woody, laminae hastate, 6-12 X 6-9 cm. bases slifhtly decurrent, entire, greyly green and glabrous on upper surfaces, greyly brown on under surfaces, after dry softly coriaceous. Main veins unraised, obscure. Sori subrounded, spreading allover on under surfaces or along margins of laminae, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs when young.
On tree trunks or on moist mossy rocks under foret; Anwei [Japon and Korea].
7. Pyrrosia caudifrons Ching, Boufford & shing in J. Arn. Arb. 64: 37. f. 7 d-g. 1983.
尾叶石韦 wei ye shi wei
Pyrrosia lingua (Thiunb.) Farw., Hovenk., Monogr. Pyrrosia 203. 1986. P. p.
Plants 20-30cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, apexes longly acuminate, margins longly ciliate, brown. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 6-12 cm. brownish to deeply brownm ,scaled at base, upwards glabrous; laminae elliptic, widest at mid parts, attenutate to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate, and decurrent, 12-16 X 3.5-7 cm (fortile ones usually narrower), after dry thickly coriaceous, glabrous and brownish or greyly green on upper surface, covered with stellate hairs on thin layer and brown or deeply brown on under surfaces. Main veins raised on under sides, depresed on upper sides, lateral veins raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Sori subovate, spreading allover under surfaces or gathered born on most half upper parts of laminae, slightly exspanding, exindusiate,covered with stellate hairs when young.
On rocks of slopes; 1190-2000 m.; Hubei and Sichuan. Specimen of type collected from Hubei. .
8. Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 59. 1935.
有柄石韦 you bing shi wei
Polypodium petiolosum Christ in Baroni & Christ in Nuovo Gioron. Bot. Soc. Ital. n. s. 4: 96, t. 1. f. 2.1897.
Plants 5-15 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with lanceolate brown scales; the scales longly caudate at apexes, margins ciliate. Fronds remote, dimorphic; stipes usually equal 0.5-1.5 time as long as laminal length, scaled at bases, upwards covered with stellate hairs, brown or greyly brown; laminae elliptic, apexes acute or hebetate, bases cuneate and decurrent, after dry thickly coriaceous, entire, greyly brown, pitted and covere with sparsely stellate hairs on upper surfaces, brownish at beginning, brick-red late and covered with stellate hairs of thick layer on under surfaces. Mtin veinsa slightly raised on under sides, depresed on upper sides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori spreading allover on under surfaces of laminae, expaded and confluent when maturity.
Most on dry and opened rocks; 250-2200 m.; N-E. China, N. China, N.-W. China, S._W. China and the provinces along the mid and lower valley of Yangtze River [ Korea andRussia].
Whole plants are used as medicine for diuresis, clear away heat and eliminate wetness.
9. Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell in Amer. Midl. Nat. 12: 302. 1931.
石韦 shi wei
Acrostichum lingus Thunb., Fl. Jap. 330. pl. 33. 1784.; Polypodium tiwannensis Christ; Cyclopholus taiwanensis (Christ) C. Chr.; C. bodinieri Lev.; C. lingua (Thunb.) Desv. var. angustifrons Hayata; Nipholus bodmartini Christ; Pyrrosia martini (Christ) Ching; P. medogenensis Ching & S. K.Wu.
Pkants 10-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, longly acuminate at apexes, brownish, margins ciliate. Fronds remote,subdimorphic; stipes and laminae and stipes much varied in sizes fortile fronds much longer and narrower than stelile ones, bothfronds slightly longer than stipes, less same lenght, rarely fronds shorter than stipes. Stelile laminae subrounded or obrongly lanceolate, widest at 1/3 of lower parts, attenuated upwards, apexes shortly acuminate, bases cuneater, 1.5-5 x (5-) 10-20 cm. entire, after dry coriaceous, greyish-green and subglabrous on upper surfaces, brownish or brick-red and covered with stellate hairs on under surfaces; fortile frands longer 1/3 than stelile ones, narrower 1/3-2/3 than stelile ones. Main veins slightly raised on undercsides, indisdinctly depresed on upper sides, lateral veins disdinct raised on under sides, clearly visible, veinlets obscure. Sori subelliptic, in regularly multrows between lateral veins and sporeading allover underer surfaces of laminae, or gathered born in most upper half parts of laminae, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, brick-red after maturity.
On tree trunks under forest or on rather dry rocks; 100-1800 m.; Provinces of south Yangtzerever, north to Gansu, west to Xizang, eath to Taiwan [India, Japon, Korea and Vietnan].
Whole plants are used as medicines diuresis, clear heat and elimenate wetness for incised wound, burn and scald, diseases due to asthenia of viscera.
10. Pyrrosia sheareri (Baker) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc.1: 64. 1935.
庐山石韦 lu sha shi wei
Polypodium sheareri Baker in J. Bot. 5: 201. 1875; Niphobolus inaequalis Christ; Cyclopholus inaequalis (Christ) C. Chr.; C. grndissimus Hayata; C. draneanus (Franch.) C. Chr. f. maxima Wu & al.; C. sheareri f. maxima (Wu & al.) C.Chr.; Pyrrosia gradissima (Hayata) Ching; P. anchuanenensis Ching.
Plants 20-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong and decumbent, densely covered with linear, brown scales; the scales longly acuminat at apexes, margins ciliate, attached positions subdeeply brown. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes strong, thick 2-4 mm. in diam. 3.5-5 cm.long, bases covered with scales, upwards spasely covered with stellate hairs, stramineous to greyly stramineous; laminae ellipticly lanceolate, widest at subbases, attenuated upwards, apexes acuminate and obtuse at top, bases subroundly truncate or cordate, 10-30 X 2.5-6 cm. entire, after dry softly coriaceous, grayish green or brownish and nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, brown and covered with stellate hairs of thick layer on under surfaces. Main veins strong and raised on both sides, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Sori small, in irregularly point-like arraged between leteral veins, spreading allover under surfaces above bases of laminae, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs when young, brownish and brick-red when old.
On treen trunks or rocks under forest by stream sides; 60-2100 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Jiangxi (lushan).
11. Pyrrosia polydactyla (Hance) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 48. 1935.
槭叶石韦 qi ye shi wei
Polypodium polydactylon Hance in J. Bot. Lond. 21: 269. 1883; Pyrrosia pseudopolydactylis Serizarizawa.
Plants 15-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales black in mid parts, margins brownish, and deeply brown when old, margins ciliate. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 15-30 cm. bases covered with scales, upwards spasely covered with stellate hairs; laminae palmately parted, bases cuneate, partitions number and size much varied, normally with 5-10 partions, with point-like hydathodes and sparse stellate hairs on upper surfaces, densely covered with stellate hairs of long and narrow rays on under surfaces. Main veins disdinct, veinlets obscure. Sori small and subrounded, spreading between main veins and margins.
On rocks or tree trunks also terrestrial at lower to mid elevations.
12. Pyrrosia assimilis (Baker) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 49. 1935.
相近石韦 xiang jian shi wei
Polypodium assimile Baker in J. Bot. Lond. 13: 201. `857; Niphobous assimilis (Baker) Diels var. molifrons Hand.-Mazz.; Cyclophorus assimilis (Baker) C. Chr. f. lobata Wu & al.; Pyrrosia assimilis (Baker) Chinf var. longissima Ching.
Plants 5-15 (20) cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with linearly lanceolate scales; the scale margins ciliate, subblack in mid parts. Fronds approached, monomorphic; sessile; laminae linear, 6-20(-26) X 0.2-1 cm., apexes obtuse, doward to joint position loriformis, after dry brownish, coriaceous, spsely covered with stellste hairs on upper surfaces, densely covered with stellate hairs of tomentum-like,long rays on under surfaces. Mtin veins robust, disdinctly raised on under sides, slightly depresed on upper sides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori gathered born in upper half parts of laminae, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs when young, when maturity spreading allover under surfaces of laminae.
On shady wet rocks of slopes under forest; 270-950 m.; Anwei, Fujian, Guangdong. Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Suchuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
13. Pyrrosia gralla (Gies.) Ching in Bull. China Bot. Soc. 1; 50. 1935.
西南石韦 xi nan shi wei
Niphobolus fgalla Gies. , Farng. Niph. 228. 1901; Cyclopholus transmorissomensis Hayata; C. subfissus Hayata; C. matsudai Hayata; Pyrrosia matsudai Tagawa; P. trnsmorissomensis Hayata; P. prosa Hovenk.; P. mollis (Kunze) Ching.
Plants 10-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes slightly strong, decumbent, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales; the scales longly acuminate at apexes, brown when young, black in middle when old, margins ciliate. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 2.5-10 cm. straminous, scaled at basel attached posotion, upwards sparsely covered with stellate hairs; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes shortly hebetate, bases longly decurrent by narrow wing, 10-15 X 0.8-1.5 cm. entire, after dry subcoriaceous, grayish green, glabrous or spasely covered with stellate hairs and with dense punctations on upper surfaces, densely covered with stellate hairs on under surfaces. Main veins indisdinctly raised on under sides, slightly depresed on upper sides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori evenly densely spreading allover under surfaces of laminae, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs and brown when young, brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks under forest or rocks of slopes; 1000-2900 m.; Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Sichuan.
14. Pyrrosia davidii (Baker) Ching in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 301. 1965.
华北石韦 hua bei shi wei
Polypodium davidii Baker in Ann. Bot. 5: 472. 1891; Cyclophorus pekinensis C. Chr.; Pyrrosia pekinensis (C. chr.) Ching; P. porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk. var. porosa.
Plants 5-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes slightly stong and decumbent, densely covered with lanceolate scales; the scales longly caudately acuminate at apexes, brown when young, black in middle when old, margins dentate. Fronds densely approached, monomorphic; stipes 2-5 cm. long, densely covered with scales at basel joint position, upwards covered with stellate hairs, straminous; laminae narrowly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexe shortly acuminate, bases cuneate and longly decurrent by narrow wing along stipes, 3-7 X 0.5-1.5 (-2) cm. entire, after dry softly papyraceous, grayish green on upper surfaces, brown and densely covered with stellate hairs on under surfaces. Main veins indisdictly raised on under sides, shallowly depresed on upper sides, leteral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori spreading allover under surfaces of laminae, covered with stellate hairs when young, brown and brick-red when maturity.
On shady and wet rocks; 200-2500 m.; Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanxi.
15. Pyrrosia shennongensis Shing in J. Jap. 72(2): 73. 1997.
神农石韦 sheng nong shi wei
Plants reach 50 cm. tall. Rhizomes strong and subdecumbent, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales; the scale margins ciliate, brown. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes reached 4-5 mm. in diam., bases densely covered with scales, upwards sparsely covered with stellate hairs, straminous; laminae elliptic-lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes shortly acuminate (occationally forked at top), bases cuneater and slightly decurrent, entire, after dry thickly coriaceous, grayish yellow and glabrous on upper surfaces, greyly yellow, sprsely covered with stellate hairs of subulate rays on singl layer on under surfaces. Main veins robust, distinctly raised on under sides, flat on uppersides, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Sori gathered born in above half parts of laminae.
On rocks; about 1000 m.; Hubei (sheng nong jia).
16. Pyrrosia calvata (Baker) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 62. 1935.
光石韦 guang shi wei
Polypodiuum calvatum Baker, J. Bot. London 17: 304. 1879; Cyclophorus esqurrolii Lev.; Pyrrosia subforforacea (Hook.) Hovenk.; P. pseudocalvata Ching.
Plants 25-70 cm. tall. Rhizomes shortly strong and decumbent, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate scales; the scales longly caudate acuminate at apexes, margins ciliate, brown, submembranous. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 6-15 cm.long, woody, stramineous, base densely covered with scales and deeply brown stellate hairs of long rays, upwards sprsely covered with stellate hairs; laminae narrowly lanceolate, 25-60 X 2-5 cm. attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudately acuminate, bases narrowly cuneate and longly decurrent, entire, after dry hardly coriaceous, brown and glbrous, but with black punctetions on upper surfaces, brownish on under surfaces, and with stellate hairs of two layers, long-raye of stellate hairs in surperficial layer brownish, in bottom ones slender frizzly glaucous tomentum-shaped, most dropped when old. Main veins robust and roundly raised on under sides, slightly depresd on upper sides, lateral veins normally visible, veinlets faintly visible. Sori subrounded, gathered born in above half parts of laminae, slightly confluent when maturity, exindusiate, slightly civered with stellate hairs when young.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 400-1750 m.; Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Specimen of type collected from Guangdong.
Whole plants are used as medicines for astringent promote diuresis.
17. Pyrrosia heteractis (Mett. ex Kuhm.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 57. 1935.
纸质石韦 zhi zhi shi wei
Polypodium heteractis Meet. Ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 140. 1869; Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. var. heteractis (Mett. ex Kuhn) Hovenk.; Pyrrosia heteractis var. minor ( C. Chr.) Ching.
Plants 10-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes slightly strong, long and creeping, densely covered with narrowly lancelate scales; the scales longly caudate at apexes and with long ciliae at tops, peltfixid, blackish at attached position, brownish on other places. Fronds remote, subdimorphic (stelile frond much wide than fortile ones); sterile stipes 4-14 cm. long, straminous, bases densely covered with scales, upwards with stellate hairs of dimorphic rays; laminae ellipticly lanceolate, or obrongly lanceolate, 14-25 X 4-7.5 cm. attenuate to bothends, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate, nearly indecurrent, after dry hardly papyraceous, greenish and sparsely covered with stellate hairs along main veins on upper surfaces, reddish brown and covered with stellate hairs of dimorphi rays on under surfaces. Main veins destinctly raised on under sides, nearly indepresed on upper surfaces, lateral veins raised on both sides, veinlets faintly visible. Fortile fronds usually elongate and taller than sterile ones. Sori rounded or elliptic, regularly attached between lateral veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs when young, brown, confluent and brick when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks or rocky crevices under forest; 1250-2600 m.; Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang [ Bhudan, India, Myanmar, Sikkim,Thiland, Vietnam]
18. Pyrrosia eberhardtii (Christ) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1:59. 1935.
琼崖石韦 qiong yai shi wei
Cyclosorus eberhardtii Christ in J. Bot. Paris 21: 237. 1918; Cyclophorus lingua Merr.; Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. var. heteractis (Mett. ex Kuhn) Hovenk.
Plants 6-20 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covereda with narrowly lanceolate scales; the scales laongly caudate at apexes, margins recurved long-ciliate, peltifixed, blackish at attached position and brownish on other parts. Fronds remote, subdimorphic; sterile stipes 4-12 cm. deeply brown and woody, bases covered with scales, upwards covered with stallatehairs; laminae lanceolate or ovate, obtuse at apexes, bases cuneate, nearly indecurrent, 4-12 X 2-3 cm. entire after dry thickly coriaceous, brown and nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, grayish brown and densely covered with stellate hairs of dimorphic rays on under surfaces. Main veins destictly raised on undererside, slightly depresed on upperside, lateral veins raised on under sides, veinlets obscure. Fertile fronds elongate and far taller than sterile ones, nearly glbrous and brownish on upper surfaces. Sori densely attached on under surfaces of fortile laminae, exidusiate, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1000-1650 m.; Guangdong and Hainan [ Thiland and Vietnan].
19. Pyrrosia fuohaiensis Ching & Shing in J. Jap. Bot. 72 (2): 76. f. 1: 7-9. 1997.
佛海石韦 fo hai shi wei
Plants ca. 5 cm tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with narrowly lanceolate, brown entire scales. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 1-3 cm.long, bases densely covered with scales, upwards densely covered with stallate hairs; laminae suboblong, obtuse at apexes, bases broadly cuneate and nearly indecurrent, 4-4.5 X 1.5-2 cm. entire, after dry chartaceous, brownish or deeply brown and glabrous on upper surfaces, on under surfaces greyly white, densely covered with stellate hairs of dimorphic rays. Main veins raised on under sides, depresed on upper sides, latral veins slightly visible, veinlets obscure. Sori covered with stellate hairs when young.
On tree trunks in mixed forest; ca. 1530 cm.; endemic Yunnan (menhai).
20. Pyrrosia costata (C. Presl) Tagawa & K. Iwats. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 100. 1967.
下延石韦 xia yan shi wei
Niphobolus costtus Wall. ex C. Presl Tent. Pterid. 200. 1836; N. bedodomeanus Gies.; N. beddomeaus Gies. f. fallax Gies.; Pyrros ia beddomeana (Gies.) Ching.
Plants 20-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes shart and thick, decumbent, tufted linearly lanceolate scales at apexes; the scales longly caudate and ciliate at apexes, brown, basifixed. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 1-5 cm.long, bases covered with scales; laminae oblongly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated to both ends, apexes longly caudate, bases cuneate and longly decurrent nearly to bases, 23-50 X 2.5-6 cm. entire, after dry softly papyraceous, greenish and nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, brownish to brkick-red, densely covered with stellate hairs of dimorphic rays on under surfaces. Mtin veins raised on under sides, slightly depresed on upper sides, lateral veins raised on under sides, visible on upper sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded, gathered barn in above half parts or allover of laminal under surfaces, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 350-2000 m.; Yunnan and Xizang [India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thiland.
21. Pyrrosia princeps (Mett.) Morton in Amer. J. 60: 118. 1970.
显脉石韦 xian mai shi wei
Polypodium princeps Mett. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bot. 2: 232. 1866.
Plants over 100 cm. tall. Rhizomes erect and strong, woody, densely covered wirh scales; the scales deeply brown, lanceolate, ciliate at margins. Fronds remote, dimorphic; stipes 10-18 cm.long, thick 5 mm. in diam. woody and firm, densely covered with scales at bases, upwards loose; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuate to both ends, apexes shortly acuinate, bases cuneate and longly decurrent, 4.5-10 X 35-80 cm. entire, after dry greyish green and subglabrous on upper surfaces, greyish and densely covered with stellate hairs of dimorphic rays on under surfaces. Main vein robust, roundly raised on under sides, depresed on upper sides, lateral veins raised on under sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subrounded or oblong, regularly arranging between lateral veinlets, spreading allover under surfaces of laminae, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, confluent and brick-ead when maturity.
On rocks under forest; 750-2400 m.; Yunnan and Xizang [Indonesia, New Guinea].
22. Pyrrosia flocculosa (D. Do.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 66. 1935.
卷毛石韦 juan mao shi wei
Polypodium flocculosum D. Don. Prod. Fl. Napal. 1. 1825.
Plants 25-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales at apexes; the scales linearly lanceolate, longly caudate at apexes, entire and brown. Fronds subclustered, monomorphic; stipes 6-20 cm. densely covered with scales on bases, upwards with two kinds of stellate hairs, straminous to brown; laminae oblongly lanceolate, widest at mid or lower parts, attenuated to apexes and acuminate, bases roundly cuneate, slightly decurrent, entire, after dry thickly coriaceous, grayish brown on both surfaces, nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, covered with stellate hairs of different rays in two layers on under surfaces. Main veins robust, roundly raised on under sides, inpresed on upperside, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori densely spreading allover under surfaces of laminae, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 50-700 m.; Guangxi and Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia,Myanmar, Nepal, Thiland and Vietnan].
23. Pyrrosia subtruncata Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 67. 1935.
截基石韦 jie ji shi wei
Pyrrosia subforforacea Hovenk.
Rhizome short and decumbent, covered with scales; the scales ovately lanceolate, acuminate at apexes, entire at lower parts, denticulate on upper parts, brown. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes above 15 cm.long, covered with scales at bases, upwards sparsely covered with stellate haairs, straminous and hard; laminae broadly lanceolate, ca. 15 X 3-3.5 cm. acuminate at apexes, bases subtruncate or cordate and widest, after dry hardly papyraceous, green and glabrous and with distict hydathode punctations on upper surfaces, greyly white and densely covered with stellate hairs of different rays on under surfaces. Mtin veins slightly raised on under sides, lateral veins and veilenls obscure. Sori gathered born in above half parts of laminae, in multi-rows between main veins and margins.
In shady and wet rocky crevices; ca. 1500 m.; Guangxi [Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Guangxi.
24. Pyrrosia stgmosa (Sw.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 67. 1935.
柱状石韦 zhu zhuang shi wei
Polypodium stigmosum Sw. in Schrad. J. Bot. 1800(2): 21. 1801; Niphobolus venosa Blume.
PlantS 25-65 cm. tall. RhizomeS short and robust, decumbent, covered with scaleS; the scales linearly lanceolate, brown, langly caudate at apexes, dentate along margins, basifixed. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 9-22 cm.long, covered with scales at bases, upwards covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, brown; laminae lanceolaate, widest at mid parts, 2-5.8 X 18-60 cm. attenuated to both ends, acuminate at apexes, bases cuneate and slightly decurrent, entire, after dry yellowish green or deeply brown, nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, brownish to brown, densely covered with stelate hairs of two kinds on under surfaces. Main veins distinctly raised on under sides, depressed on upper sides, lateral veins distinct, veinlets obscure. Sori densely spreading on allover under surfaces of laminae, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks under brodleave forest; 280-1200 m.; Yunnan and Xiang [Cambodia, Malaysia. India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Linka, Thailand and Vietnan].
25. Pyrrosia linearifolia (Hook.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 48. 1935.
线叶石韦 xian ye shi wei
Niphobolus linearifius Hooker , sec. nd. Cent. Ferns ad. t. 58. 1861; Pyrrosia linearifolia (Hook.) Ching var. heterolepis Tagawa; Pyrrosia linearifolia 9hook.) Ching f. cristata Akasawa.
Plants 3-10 cm. tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales linearly lanceolate, acuminate at apexes, brown, entire. Fronds approached, monomorphic, nearly sessile; laminae linear, 3-8 X 0.2-0.3 cm. obtuse at apexes, dowards atteuated and decurrent to bases, entire, after dry papyraceous, deeply brown, densely covered with stellate hairs of colourless subulate rays on upper surfaces, on under surfaces brown, densely covered with different stellate hairs of two layers. All veins obscure.. Sori arraging in 1-2 rows on either side of main veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs when young, brick-red after matureity.
On rocks or tree trunks on slopes, even on roofs of houses at lower elevations.
26. Pyrrosia simillis Ching in Bull. Bot. Soc. 1: 56. 1935.
相似石韦 xiang shi shi wei
Plants 25-45 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, longly acuminate at apexes, margins dentate. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 8-22 cm.long, straminous, covered with scales at bases, upwards subglabrous; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid or lower parts, attenuated upwards, longly caudate at apexes, bases roundly cuneate at bases, 15-25 X 3.5-5 cm. entire, after dry hardly coriaceous, grayish yellow, nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, greyly white, densely covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial stellate hairs with rays on unequal length, brown ones longer, coularless ones shorter; stellate hairs on bottom tomentum shape. Main veins distinctly raised on under sides, indepressed on upper sides, lateral veins faintly visible. Sori subrounded, gathered born in above half parts of laminae, regularly arranged between lateral veinlets, confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On opening calcareous rocks or soil under forest; 700-1200 m.; Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan. Specimen of type collected from Guizhou.
27. Pyrrosia tonkinensis (Gies.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 55. 1935.
中越石韦 zhong yue shi wei
Niphobolus tonkinensis Gies. Farng. Nipp. 144. 1901; Pyrrosia porasa ( C.Presl) Hovenk. ver. Tonkinenensis (Gies.) Hovenk.
Plants 10-40 cm. tall. Rhizomes thick and short, decumbent or slightly forwardly decurrent, densely covered with scales; the scales brown lanceolate, rotund at base, longly caudate at apexes, margins dentate, black at attached position. Fronds approached, monomorphic; nearly sessile; laminae linear, longly acuminete at apexes, both margines of lower half part subparallely along main veins nearly to joint position, widest at above mid parts, 8-22 X 0.5-1 cm. entire, after dry papyraceous, greyly brown, spasely covered with stellate hairs or nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces brownish and densely covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial ones with equal rays in length, ones on bottom tomentum. Main veins raised on undersides, deporessed on uppersides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori normally gathered born in above half parts of laminae, in multirows on either side of main veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, brick-red when matured.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 80-1600 m.; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan [Thiland and Vietnan].]
28. Pyrrosia laevis (J. Sm. ex Bedd.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 1935.
平滑石韦 ping hua shi wei
Niphobolus laevis J. Sm. ex Bedd.. Ferns S. Ind. an. pl. 161. 1868.
Plants 8-13 cm. tall. Rhizomes long and creeping, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, longly caudate acuminte and with ciliary branching at apexes, entire on lower parts, brown, black at attached position. Fronds remote, monimorphic; stipes 0.5-2 cm.long, densely covered with brown scales at bases, upwards with stellate hairs of two kinds; laminae lanceolate, widest normally at 1/3 lower parts, attenuated upwards, obtuse at apexes, bases cuneate and slightly decurrent, 5-11 X 1-1.8 cm. entire, after dry papyraceous, brown on both surfaces, nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial ones deeply brown, with uninequal rays in length, ones on bottom with equal rays in length colourless. Main veins distictly raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, lateral veins slightly visible on both sides, veinlets obscure. Sori subellipc, gathered normally born in above half parts of laminae and in multirows on either side of main veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, confluent and deeply brick-red when maturity.
On rocks under forest; ca. 1250 m.; Yunnan [India and Myanmar].
29. pyrrosia bonii (Chrst ex Gies.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1:67. 1935.
波氏石韦 bo shi shi wei
Niphobolus bonii Christ ex Gies., Farng. Niph. 120. 1901; Pyrrosia subfurfuracea Hovenk.
Plants 30-50 cm. tall. Rhizomes robust, decurrent, densely covered with scales at apexes; the scales lanceolate, brown, long/\ly caudate acuminate at apexes, margins dentete. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 15-24 cm.long, robust and hard, bases covered with lanceolate scales, upwards covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, greyly straminous; laminae ellipticly lanceolate, widest usually at mid parts, attenuted to bothends, shortly hebetate at apexes, bases cuneate, usually symmetry and slightly decurrent, entire, 15-30 X 3.5-4.5 cm. after dry papyraceous, deply brown and nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces greyly white, densely covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial ones with subulate rays and equal length and brown, rays of ones on bottom slender curly and twining one to anather, wooly like, colouless. Main veins distictly raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, laterel veins on both sides visible, veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, gathered born in above half parts of laminae and in multirows on eigher side of main veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs and grayish brown when young, confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On rocks under forest; 300-1100 m.; Guangxi and Guichou [Vietnan]. Specimen of type collected from Vietnan.
30. Pyrrosia pseudodrakeana Shing in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 571. 1993.
拟毡毛石韦 ni zang mao shi wei
Pyrrosia intermedia Shing.
Plants 25-38 cm. tall. Rhizomes thick and short, decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, densely around with cilia, acuminate at apexes. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 10-23 (-28) cm.long, robust, hard, densely covered with scales at bases, upwards with stellate hairs of two kinds, straminous; laminae ellipticly lanceolate, widest at mid parts, attenuated upwards, roundly and shortly hebetate at apexes, bases roundly truncate or roundly cuneate, usually asymmetry and slightly decurrent, entire or slightlu undulate, rarely lobed at lower parts, 15-25 X 5-8.5 cm. after dry thick and softly coriaceous, grayish brown, nearly glabrous, but puncticulate on allover on upper surfaces, under sufaces greyly white, densely covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial stellate hairs on thick loyer of tomentum with aciculate rays, stellate hairs on bottom with wddly rays. Main veins robust, raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, regularly arranged between lateral veins, exindusiate, covered with stellate hairs and brownish when young, brick-red when maturity.
On rocks or in rocky cleffs undrt forest or slope or by stream sides; 1000-2500 m.; Gansu, Guangxi, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. Specimen of type collected from Sichuan.
31. Pyrrisia nummulariifolia (Sw.) ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 47. 1935.
钱币石韦 qian bi shi wei
Acrostchum nummulariifolium Sw. , Syn. Fil. 191. 419. t. 2. f. 1. 1806; Acrostichum obvatum Blume; cycropholus nummuriifolius (Sw.) C. Chr.; Pyrrosia nummulariifoliua (Sw.) Ching var. rufa (Alderw.) Ching.
Plants small, sterile fronds ca. 2 cm. tall. fortile fronds 5-7 cm tall. Rhizomes slender and creeping , densely covered with scales; the scales linearly lanceolate, brown, caudate at apexes, longly cilate along lower margins (length ca.above two time as long as scale wide), easy brokened. Fronds remot, dimorphic; sterile fronds with short stipes, laminae lliptic or ovate, rounded at apexes, bases obtusely younded, ca. 1.5-2 X 1.2-1.5 cm. after dry papyraceous, grey and glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces brownish, covered with steellate hairs of two layers, superficial ones with long brown rays, ones on botom with colourless woodly rays; fortile fronds subligulate, widest at above mid parts, obtuse at apexes, downwards attenuated and cuneate, decurrent, with long stipes, entile, grey and glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces with stellate hairs of two kinds, brown. Sori rotund, covered with stellate hairs and brown.
On rocks; 400-1050 m.; Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Phillipenes and Thiland].
32. Pyrrosia stenophylla (Bedd.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 55. 1935.
狭叶石韦 xia ye shi wei
Niphobolus fisus Blume var. stenophyllus Bedd., Suppl. Handb. 92. 1892; Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk. var. stenophylla (Bedd.) Hovenk.; Pyrrosia tibetica Ching; Pyrrosia tibetica Ching var. angustata Ching; Pyrrosia linearis Ching & S.K.Wu.
Plants 20-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales narrowly lanceolate, with single cell and articulate end at apexes, sparsely ciliate along margins and very easy broken; Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 1-3 cm.long, densely covered with scales at bases, upwards with stellate hairs of aciculate rays; laminae loriformis, shortly acuinate at apexes, downwards attenuated and longly decurrent nearly to bases along main veins, length much varied, ca.(5-) 20-40 X 0.5-1.5 cm. entire and mormally involute, after dry papyraceous, greyly green to yellowish and glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces greyly green or brownish to brown, with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial stellate hairs with brown acicular rays, ones on bottom with colourless, wooly rays. Main veins robusta nd raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, laterea veins and veinlets obscure. Sori subovate, gathered born in above 2/3 parts of laminae, covered with stellate hairs when young, confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under forest; 1240-1750 m.; Yunnan and Xizang [Bhutan, india, Myanmar, Nepal and Sikkim].
33. Pyrrosia nudicaulis Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 52. 1935.
裸茎石韦 luo jin shi wei
Pyrrosia porosa ( C. Presl) Hovenk var. proposa Hovenk. Monogar. Pyrrosia 226. 1986, p. p.
Plants 15-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered wirh scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, longly acuminate at apexes, densely with cilia along margins. Fronds remote, monomorphic; stipes 2-10 cm.long, densely covered with scales at bases, upwards nearly globrous, straminous; laminae lanceolate, wides at above mid parts, shortly acuminate at apexes, downwards attenuated into cuneate, and decurrent nearly to bases along main veins, entire, 13-33 X 1.2-3.6 cm. after dry coriaceous, greenish to brown, sparsely covered with stellate hairs on upper surfaces, under urfaces greyishly brown, covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial stellate hairs with rays of same length, stellate hairs on bottom with wooly rays. Main veins slightly robust, slightly raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, gathered born in above half parts of laminae and in multirows on either side of main veins, covered with stellate hairs when young, slightly confluent nd breck-red when maturity.
On tree truncks under forest; 1600- 3400 m.; Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
34. Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk. in Blumea 30: 206. 1984.
柔软石韦 rua ruo shi wei
Niphobolus proposus C. Presl, Tent, Pterid. 200. 1836.
Plants 7-25 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, ciliate along margins, brown. Fronds approached, monomorphic; nearly sessile; lamina lanceolate, widest at above half parts, shortly hebetate at apexes, abtrubtly narrowed and decurrent nearly to join position along stipes and main veins by narrow wings, 10-23 X 0.7- 2.5 cm. entire, after dry thickly coriaceous, greyishly green, nearly glbrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces brown and covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, covered with stellate hairs from stipes to main veins. Main veins raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, lateral veins and veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, gathered born in above half parts of laminae and in multirows on eigher sides of main veins, covered with stellate hairs when young, slightly confluent and brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under sparse forest; 300-2500 m.; Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Tiwan, Yunnan, Xizang and Zhejiang [ Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Philippenes, Sri Lanka, Thiland, Sikkim, and Vietnan].
1a. Scales covered with cilia along margins, stipes and main veins covered with stellate hairs -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1a. var. porosa
1b.Scales without cilia along margins, stipes and main veins nearly glabrous------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1b. var. mollissima
34a. Pyrrosia porosa var porosa
柔软瓦韦 ( 原变种) rou ruan wa wei (yuan bian zhon )
Niphobolus acrocarpus Gies.; Cyclophorus alcicornu Christ; Pyrrosia mollis (Kunze) Ching f. alcicornu (Christ) Ching.
Scales densely covered with cilia along margins, stipes and main veins covered with stellate hairs.
On tree trunks or rocks under saprse forest; Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Tiwan, Yunnan and Xizang [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Philippenes, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thiland and Vietnan].
34b. Pyrrosia proposa var. mollissima (Ching) Shing in Pl. Hengduan Mts. 1: 171. 1993.
平绒石韦 ping rong shi wei
Polypodium mollissimum Christ in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 5. 1899; Pyrrosia mollis (Kunze) Ching var. mollissima (Christ) Ching; Pyrrosia porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk. var. porosa Hovenk.
Scales lanceolate and without cilia, stipes and main veins subglabrous.
On rocks under forest; 900-2100 m.; Guangxi, Gyizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
35. Pyrrosia mannii (Gies.) ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 55. 1935.
蔓氏石韦 man shi shi wei
Niphobolus mannii Gies., Farng. Niph. 107. 1901; Pyrrosia subvelutina (Christ) Ching.
Plants. 10-30 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, long,caudate-acuminate at apexes, brown and entire. Fronds clusterd, moomorphic; subsessile; laminae lanceolate, widest at mid parts or above half parts, acuminate at apexes, attenuated to bases and decurrent nearly to joint position along main veins, 15-30 X 1-2 cm. entire, after dry softly coriaceous, geyishly green, subglabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces brownish, densely covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial stellate hairs with aciculate rays, stellate hairs on bottoms with frizzy wooly rays. Main veins slightly raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, laterl veins and veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, covered with stellate hairs when young, brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or putrid woods or rocks under forest; 1700- 2300 m.; Yunnan and Xizang [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim and Thiland].
36. Pyrrosia fengiana Ching in Bull. Fan Mem.Inst Biol. Bot. 11: 73. 1941.
冯氏石韦 feng shi shi wei
Pyrrosia latifolia Ching & S. K. Wu. Fl. Xizang. 1: 340. f. 88. 1985.
Plants 30-70 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, longly caudate at apexes, brown, margins ciliate. Fronds approached or remote, monomorphic; stipes robust, 15-30 cm. long, woody, densely covered with scales at bases, upwards densely covered with stellate hairs wheng young and late follen, straminous; laminae elliptic, or ellipicly lanceolate, shortly hebetate at apexes, bases cuneate and slightly decurrent, 20-36 X 4.5-8 cm. entire or undulate, after dry greyly green, subglbrous on upper surfaces, lower surfaces covered with tellate hairs of two kinds, brownish. Main veins raised on under sides, flat on upper sides, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, scattered on either side of main veins, covered with stellate hairs when young, brick-red when maturity
On rocks under forest; 1650-2100 m.; Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
37. Pyrrosia drakeana (Franch.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 65. 1935.
毡毛石韦 zhan mao shi wei
Polypodium drakeanum Franch., Fl. David. 1: 355. 1884; Niphobolus drankeanus (Franch.) Diels f. elongata Christ ex Diels; Cyclopholus ineaqualis (Christ) C. Chr.
Plants 25-60 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, densely covered with scales; the scales lanceolate, brown, longly caudately acuminate at apexes and ciliate around whole body, with tufted forked and frizzly cilia at top, membranous and entire. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes 12-17 cm.long, robust and hard, densely covered with scales, upwards densely covered with stellate hairs, straminous or browish; laminae broadly lanceolate, shortly acuminate, widest at bases and nearly rotundly cuneate, asymmetry and slightly decurrent, 12-23 X 4-8 (-10) cm. entire, or undulatly lobed on lower parts, after dry coriaceous, greyly green, glabrous and densely spreading punctated on upper surfaces, under surfaces covered with stellate hairs of two kinds. Main veins raised on both sides, lateral veins visible, veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, regularly in multirows between lateral veins, covered with stellate hairs when young, brick-red when maturity.
On tree trunks or rocks under mixed forest of moutain slopes; 1000- 3600 m.; Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Specimen of type collected from Yunnan.
38. Pyrrosia subfurfuracea (Hook.) Ching in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 68. 1935.
绒毛石韦 ron mao shi wei
Polypodium subfurfuraceum Hooker, Sp. Fil. 5: 52. 1863.
Plants 40-60 cm. tall. Rhizomes short and decumbent, robust, densely covered wirh scales; the scales lanceolate, lonely and caudately acuminete at apexes brown, membranous, entire. Fronds approached, monomorphic; stipes much varied, from subsessile to ca. 15 cm. long, sparsely covered with stellate hairs, woody and straminous; laminae lanceolate, shortly acuminate at apexes, bases longly decurrent nearly to bases along stipes, 45-60 X 6.5-11 cm. after dry hardly coriaceous, green and nearly glabrous on upper surfaces, under surfaces green, covered with stellate hairs of two kinds, superficial layer saprse and thiner, easy follen, bottom layer greyly powder-like. Main veins raised on both sides, lateral veins distinctly visible, veinlets obscure. Sori rotund, gathered born in above half parts of laminae, irregularly in multirows between main veins and margins, normally in toch with one to anathr, covered with superficial stellate hairs when young, then fallen and exposed.
On rocks under forest; 750- 2000 m.; Yunnan and Xizang [ India, Myanmar and Vietnan].