条蕨科 tiao jue ke
Zhang Xianchun (张宪春)[1]; Peter Hovenkamp[2]
Plants terrestrial, epilithic, or epiphytic. Rhizome long, creeping, erect, or scandent; scales blackish brown, thick, spreading or appressed, imbricate, peltate at base, margin often long ciliate. Fronds distant or clustered; stipe articulate to raised phyllopodia; lamina simple, entire, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, papery, or leathery, margin cartilaginous, glabrous or pubescent; costa prominent, raised adaxially, often with small scales on abaxial surface; veins simple or forked, free. Sori in a single often irregular row on either side of costa; indusia persistent, red-brown, reniform or orbicular-reniform, membranous or papery. Spores monolete, with broad, winglike, echinulate folds, cristate or echinate to erose.
One genus and ca. 15 species (in need of revision): pantropical, mainly from tropical Asia and the Pacific islands, a few in Africa and South America; five species in China.
Ching Ren-chang, Fu Shu-hsia, Wang Chu-hao & Shing Gung-hsia. 1959. Oleandraceae. In: Ching Ren-chang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 319325; Wu Shiewhung. 1999. Oleandraceae. In: Wu Shiewhung, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 6(1): 154160.
条蕨属 tiao jue shu
Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family.
1a. Rhizome with stiff, erect or suberect lateral branches, bearing spreading whorls of 510 fronds, forming thickets .......................................................................................................... 1. O. pistillaris
1b. Rhizome creeping; fronds erect, scattered or in small clusters of 35.
2a. Rhizome not entirely covered with scales; scales with recurved apex; stipes dark brown 2. O. wallichii
2b. Rhizome entirely covered with overlapping scales; stipes stramineous.
3a. Rhizome scales spreading, narrowly triangular with a
relatively wide apex, brown, central part of acumen not thickened; roots
branching and with root hairs along their entire length; lamina glabrous on
adaxial surface and margin
3.
O. undulata
3b. Rhizome scales appressed to spreading, narrowly ovate-lanceolate with long narrow acumen with thickened central part; roots usually with glabrous, unbranched part (rhizophore); lamina hairy or glabrous.
4a. Phyllopodia very short, 12(10) mm, mostly immersed in scales ............. 4. O. musifolia
4b. Phyllopodia 212 cm ............................................................................... 5. O. cumingii
轮叶条蕨 lun ye tiao jue
Aspidium pistillare Swartz in Schrader, J. Bot. 1800(2): 30. 1800.
Rhizome very long, with creeping part and stiff, erect or suberect, scandent branches forming thickets, growth monopodial after forming fronds, 57 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots very long, stiff, borne on all sides of creeping parts of rhizome; scales strongly appressed, narrowly triangular, 67 ื ca. 1 mm, base subacute, margin ciliate but often quickly eroding, leaving entire scales on older parts of rhizome, apex acuminate. Fronds on erect parts in horizontal or ascending whorls; stipes and phyllopodia 0.32.5 cm, stramineous, phyllopodia ca. 2 mm; lamina linear-lanceolate, 1040 ื 1.53.5 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin not undulate and glabrous, apex acuminate; costa sparsely scaly abaxially, glabrous adaxially. Sori close to costa; indusia orbicular-reniform, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Rocky slopes, forests; ca. 1600 m. Xizang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand; Pacific islands].
高山条蕨 gao shan tiao jue
Aspidium wallichii Hooker, Exot. Fl. 1: t. 5. 1823.
Plants epilithic or epiphytic; rhizome long creeping, freely branching, branches often opposite, 34 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots restricted to ventral side; scales 34 ื ca. 1 mm, dark brown to blackish at attachment, contracted into a brown, often recurved acumen, margin ciliate, apex long and narrow. Fronds scattered or in small tufts; phyllopodia 12 mm, hardly emerging from rhizome scales; stipe dark brown, 1.53(8) cm; lamina greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, 2040 ื 25 cm, herbaceous, both surfaces hairy, more densely so abaxially and on veins, base cuneate to rounded, margin not undulate and densely ciliate, apex apiculate-caudate; costa raised on both sides, abaxially with small, brown, lanceolate scales, adaxially narrowly grooved; veins single or forked at base. Sori very close to costa; indusia red-brown, orbicular-reniform, glabrous or hairy on surface, margin, or both margin and surface.
Forests; 17002700 m. Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
波边条蕨 bo bian tiao jue
Polypodium undulatum Willdenow, Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5: 155. 1810.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome long creeping, growth monopodial, 45 mm in diam., not white waxy; roots restricted to ventral side, branched and hairy throughout their length; scales dark brown at middle, apex and margin red-brown, spreading, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 6 ื 1 mm, base rounded, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. Fronds erect, scattered or in tufts; stipe and phyllopodia together 1015(20) cm, stramineous, phyllopodia to 212 cm; lamina brown when dry, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1525 ื 24.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially with long hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, rarely more gradually narrowed, to broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, margin slightly undulate and glabrous; costa raised on both sides, narrowly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori to 25 mm from costa; indusia pubescent.
Sunny slopes; below 1000 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
光叶条蕨 guang ye tiao jue
Aspidium musifolium Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 141. 1828; Oleandra hainanensis Ching; O. whangii Ching.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome stiff, long creeping, growth sympodial, continuing mostly from lateral branches below each tuft of fronds, 45 mm in diam., white waxy under scales; roots long, stiff, restricted to ventral side, usually with unbranched glabrous part (rhizophore); scales strongly appressed, dark brown at middle, pale brown at apex and margin, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 35 ื 0.51.5 mm, base rounded or subacute, margin ciliate, apex long acuminate. Fronds erect, mostly in tufts of 24; phyllopodia very short, 12 mm, sometimes up to 5 mm, immersed in scales; stipe stramineous, 12.5 cm; lamina green or brown when dry, linear-lanceolate, 1243 ื 1.83.5 cm, herbaceous, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially pubescent or glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin slightly wavy, not undulate, and glabrous, apex long acuminate or caudate; costa raised on both sides, sparsely scaly abaxially, slightly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked medially. Sori 24 mm from costa; indusia brown, margin pale brown, orbicular-reniform, glabrous.
Dense forests, often on rocky cliffs; 3001800 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
华南条蕨 hua nan tiao jue
Oleandra cantonensis Ching; O. chinensis Hance; O. guangxiensis S. L. Mo & Y. C. Zhong; O. intermedia Ching; O. yunnanensis Ching.
Plants terrestrial or epilithic; rhizome creeping, monopodial, 34 mm in diam., sometimes white waxy; roots restricted to ventral side, mostly with short unbranched glabrous part (rhizophore); scales appressed, dark brown in basal part, lighter toward apex, narrowly triangular, 47 ื ca. 1 mm, margin ciliate. Fronds erect, scattered or in tufts; stipe and phyllopodia together 2.57 cm, stramineous, phyllopodia 26 cm; lamina greenish brown when dry, lanceolate, to 34 ื 23.5 cm, herbaceous, both surfaces and margin glabrous to densely long hairy, abaxially more often pubescent, more densely so on costa and veins, hairs to 2 mm, lamina attenuate to both ends, base cuneate, margin not undulate, apex shortly acuminate; costa slightly raised on both sides, narrowly grooved adaxially; veins single or forked at base, rarely forked at middle. Sori very close to costa or up to 6 mm distant, in an irregular single line; indusia dark brown, reniform or orbicular-reniform, glabrous or hairy.
Rocky cliffs. Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan [Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines].
Plants of Oleandra cumingii from Hainan differ in a number of characters: the lamina is wider, to 4.5 cm, less gradually narrowed at base, and the plants are more consistently glabrous than typical plants.