球子蕨科 qiu zi jue ke
Xing Fuwu (邢福武)[1], Wang Faguo (王发国)1; Masahiro Kato[2]
Ferns, terrestrial. Rhizome robust and short, erect or creeping, dictyostelic, covered with ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate scales. Fronds tufted or distant, dimorphic. Sterile lamina pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, green, deltoid-ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, papery or thinly papery; pinnae alternate, sessile or adnate, linear-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, undulate or pinnatifid; pinnules hemielliptic-oblong, entire or subserrate with few teeth; veins free, pinnate or anastomosing, without included veinlets. Fertile lamina pinnate or bipinnate, elliptic to linear; pinnae or pinnules much inrolled, dull purple to dark brown, cylindric or globose; veins free, pinnate or furcate. Sori orbicular, indusiate or exindusiate; sporangia long stalked, annulus a longitudinal row consisting of 3640 thickly walled cells; spores monolete, with perispore transparent, membranous, with a few folds.
Four genera and five species: distributed in the temperate zone of the N Hemisphere and Mexico; three genera and four species in China.
Wu Shiew-hung. 1999. Onocleaceae. In: Wu Shiew-hung, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(2): 157165.
1a. Rhizome long creeping; veins in sterile lamina anastomosing; fertile pinnae moniliform 1. Onoclea
1b. Rhizome short, erect or creeping; veins in sterile lamina free; fertile pinnae cylindric.
2a. Stipe and rachis deeply grooved adaxially, sterile lamina elliptic-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, with markedly narrowed base; sori indusiate .......................................................... 2. Matteuccia
2b. Stipe and rachis not grooved adaxially, sterile lamina ovate-deltoid or elliptic, with slightly narrowed base; sori indusiate or exindusiate ..................................................................... 3. Pentarhizidium
球子蕨属 qiu zi jue shu
Plants medium-sized. Rhizome long creeping, dark brown, covered with brown scales. Fronds distant. Sterile lamina pinnate, green, ovate-triangular, papery, both surfaces glabrous, with white long filiform hairs only on rachis and costae; pinnae narrowly elliptic, margin shallowly lobed, basal 1 or 2 pairs shortly stalked, adnate to rachis; rachis always with narrow wings; veins obvious, anastomosing with hexagonal areoles, without included veinlets. Fertile lamina bipinnate, much contracted; pinnae linear, shortly stalked, much oblique; pinnules much inrolled into small spheres, subopposite, separate from each other. Sori orbicular, with raised receptacles, terminal at ends of veinlets, indusiate. Sporangia globose, slenderly stalked; spores narrowly elliptic, perispore transparent, with folds.
One species: E Asia (var. interrupta) and North America.
球子蕨 qiu zi jue
Onoclea interrupta (Maximowicz) Ching & P. C. Chiu.
Rhizome long creeping, dark brown, sparsely scaly; scales brown, broadly ovate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, margin entire or slightly undulate, apex acuminate. Stipe of sterile frond 2050 cm, stramineous except at chestnut-brown base, sparsely brown scaly; sterile lamina basally pinnatifid-pinnate, apically pinnatifid, dark green when dry, ovate-triangular or ovate, 1430 Χ 1325 cm, papery, slightly scaly, glabrous when mature; pinnae 58 pairs, 1.53 cm apart, narrowly elliptic, basal 1 or 2 pairs largest, 812 Χ 1.53 cm, shortly stalked, margin undulate or lobed, sessile or adnate upward, connected by rachis wing; veins reticulate. Stipe of fertile frond 2045 cm; fertile lamina bipinnate, much contracted, 1525 Χ 24 cm; pinnae narrowly linear; pinnules globose, hardened, separate from each other. Indusium membranous, fixed at posterior base, free distally.
Wet meadows and wetlands in valleys; 200900 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Russia].
The typical variety occurs in North America.
荚果蕨属 jia guo jue shu
Rhizome robust, erect or oblique, covered with brown lanceolate scales. Fronds tufted. Stipe and rachis grooved adaxially. Sterile lamina bipinnatifid and apex pinnatifid, elliptic-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, papery or thinly papery, subglabrous or with few hairs or scales on rachis and costae; pinnae alternate, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, pinnatifid to 1/2; lobes oblique, oblong to elliptic, subentire or subserrate; veins free, pinnate, veinlets reaching lamina margin. Fertile lamina smaller than sterile lamina; lamina pinnate, elliptic to broadly oblanceolate; pinnae linear, alternate, subsessile, much inrolled into brown cylinders, concealing sori. Sori globose, with raised receptacles, borne at ends of veinlets, indusiate; sporangia spheroidal, slenderly stalked, annulus longitudinal, consisting of ca. 40 thickly walled cells; spores elliptic, perispore transparent, slightly folded.
One species: distributed in the temperate zone of the N Hemisphere.
荚果蕨 jia guo jue
Rhizome short and robust, erect, dark brown, stoloniferous, densely covered with brown scales; scales lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, entire, apex fibriform. Fronds tufted; stipe brown, 610 Χ 0.51 cm, deeply grooved adaxially, base swollen, triangular and densely scaly, sparsely scaly upward. Sterile lamina bipinnatifid, green or brown-green when dry, elliptic-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, 50100 Χ 1825 cm, markedly narrowed downward, papery, rachis and costae hairy or scaly; pinnae 4060 pairs, alternate or subopposite, sessile, oblique, basal pairs gradually contracted to small auricles; pinnae above middle largest, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1015 Χ 11.5 cm, apex acuminate, sessile, pinnatifid, pectinate; lobes 2025 pairs, close, oblong or subtriangular; veins obvious, 1.52 cm apart, pinnate, veinlets simple. Fertile lamina shorter than sterile lamina, pinnate, oblanceolate, 2040 Χ 18 cm, gradually narrowed downward, lower pinnae much reduced; pinnae dark brown, linear-moniliform, hardened, much inrolled, concealing sori. Indusium membranous, fixed at posterior end, free distally.
Forest understories, valley wetlands, also cultivated as ornamentals; 1003800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
1a. Pinna lobes hemielliptic or suboblong, apex obtuse ..................................... 1a. var. struthiopteris
1b. Pinna lobes triangular-elliptic, apex acute .......................................................... 1b. var. acutiloba
荚果蕨(原变种) jia guo jue (yuan bian zhong)
Osmunda struthiopteris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1066. 1753; Onoclea germanica Willdenow ex Hooker; O. struthiopteris (Linnaeus) Hoffmann; Pteris sinuata Thunberg; Struthiopteris filicastrum Allioni; S. germanica Willdenow.
Pinna lobes hemielliptic or suboblong, obtuse at apex.
Forest understories, valley wetlands, also cultivated as ornamentals; 1003000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America].
尖裂荚果蕨 jian lie jia guo jue
Pinna lobes triangular-elliptic, acute at apex.
* Forest understories, valley wetlands; 15003800 m. Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan.
东方荚果蕨属 dong fang jia guo jue shu
Rhizome robust, erect or shortly creeping, apex ascending, dark brown, apical part densely covered with brown scales; scales lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, membranous, entire. Fronds approximate or tufted. Stipe of sterile frond brown, base swollen, bearing short or prominent pneumatophores, densely scaly, upward sparsely scaly; sterile lamina bipinnatifid, ovate-deltoid or elliptic, narrowed upward, slightly narrowed downward, papery, with sparse fibriform scales on rachis; pinnae 1525 pairs, basal pinnae as long as above or shortened, base slightly narrowed, sessile, apex acuminate; lobes narrowly hemielliptic or oblong, entire or slightly dentate, apex obtuse, acute, or truncate; veins obvious, pinnate, veinlets simple or occasionally furcate, reaching lamina margin. Fertile lamina as long as or shorter than sterile lamina, pinnate, elliptic; pinnae close, dark purple, linear. Sori fused into linear coenosori when mature, indusiate or exindusiate.
Two species: distributed in E Asia; two species in China.
1a. Pinnae 23.5 cm wide; sori indusiate ............................................................... 1. P. orientale
1b. Pinnae 1.51.8 cm wide; sori exindusiate ................................................... 2. P. intermedium
东方荚果蕨 dong fang jia guo jue
Struthiopteris orientalis Hooker, Sec. Cent. Ferns, t. 4. 1861; Matteuccia japonica (Hayata) C. Christensen; M. orientalis (Hooker) Trevisan; Onoclea orientalis (Hooker) Hooker; Pentarhizidium japonicum Hayata; Pterinodes orientalis (Hooker) Kuntze.
Rhizome shortly creeping, apex ascending, dark brown, apical part densely covered with brown scales; scales lanceolate, ca. 2 cm, membranous, entire, apex fibriform. Fronds approximate. Stipe of sterile frond brown, 3070 Χ 0.31 cm, base swollen, triangular, bearing short pneumatophores, densely scaly, upward sparsely scaly; sterile lamina bipinnatifid, ovate-deltoid, narrowed upward, slightly narrowed downward, 4082 Χ 1840 cm, thinly papery, with sparse fibriform scales on rachis and costae; pinnae 1520 pairs, alternate, oblique, 2.53 cm apart, basal pinnae as long as above, base slightly narrowed, sessile, apex acuminate; lobes narrowly hemielliptic, oblique, entire or slightly dentate, apex obtuse or acute; veins obvious, pinnate, veinlets simple or occasionally furcate, reaching lamina margin. Stipe of fertile frond 2045 cm; fertile lamina as long as or shorter than sterile lamina, pinnate, elliptic, 1240 Χ 510 cm; pinnae oblique, close, dark purple, linear, ca. 10 Χ 0.5 cm, hardened. Sori fused into linear coenosori when mature; indusium membranous, fixed at posterior end, free distally. 2n = 80, 82.
Streams in dense forest understories, slopes at forest edges, semishaded forest understory; 10002700 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Russia].
中华荚果蕨 zhong hua jia guo jue
Matteuccia intermedia C. Christensen, Bot. Gaz. 56: 337. 1913; Onoclea intermedia (C. Christensen) M. Kato, T. Suzuki & Nakato.
Rhizome short and robust, erect, dark brown, apical part densely covered with dark brown scales; scales broadly lanceolate, ca. 1.5 cm Χ 4 mm, membranous, entire, apex acuminate. Fronds tufted. Stipe of sterile frond brown, 2030 Χ ca. 0.5 cm, base dark brown, firm, bearing prominent pneumatophores, with sparse lanceolate scales; sterile lamina bipinnatifid, elliptic, 4060 Χ 1525 cm, slightly narrowed downward, papery, glabrous, with brown linear-lanceolate scales on rachis; pinnae 2025 pairs, alternate, oblique, close, midveins ca. 1.5 cm apart, basal 2 or 3 pairs of pinnae shortened, slightly reflexed; middle pinnae largest, linear or oblong-lanceolate, 1315 Χ 1.52 cm, base truncate, sessile, pinnatifid, apex acuminate; lobes 2030 pairs, close, oblong, entire, apex rounded or truncate with points; veins obvious, pinnate, veinlets simple or sometimes furcate, reaching lamina margin. Stipe of fertile frond 2025 Χ 0.50.8 cm; fertile lamina shorter than sterile lamina, pinnate, elliptic, 3045 Χ 815 cm; pinnae close, dark purple, linear, 3.55.5 Χ 0.20.3 cm. Sori exindusiate, fused into linear coenosori when mature. 2n = 80.
Forest understories; 15003200 m. Hebei, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [India (Sikkim)].