*SHOW: character list for identification. 11 JAN 2005 
*CHARACTER LIST 
 
#1. <Date of last revision, date of first entry>/
 
#2. Specimen data: <Herbaria, states/provinces used in database>/
 
#3. Literature data: <literature used in database>/
 
#4. <Taxon name and authority>/
 
#5. <Abbreviated name, section and taxon>/
 
#6. <Place of publication>/
 
#7. <Common Name, note source if appropriate>/
 
#8. Basionym: <Name and citation>/
 
#9. Synonyms: <Commonly used names>/
 
#10. <Nomenclatural comments>/
 
#11. Plant: habit:/
       1. dwarf shrubs <0.1 m or less, e.g. S. arctica>/
       2. low shrubs <0.15-0.5 m, e.g. S. myrtillifolia>/
       3. mid shrubs <0.6-2.0 m, e.g. S. humilis>/
       4. tall shrubs <greater than 2.0 m, e.g. S. discolor>/
       5. trees <Sometimes with several boles, but of "tree" stature, e.g. S.
          nigra>/
 
#12. plant: height:/
       m tall/
 
#13. stems: habit:/
       1. erect/
       2. drooping/
       3. pendulous <long, hanging>/
       4. decumbent <on ground>/
       5. trailing <on ground>/
 
#14. plants: vegetative reproduction:/
       1. not colonial/
       2. forming colonies by root shoots <e.g. S. exigua>/
       3. forming colonies by layering <e.g. S. humilis>/
       4. forming colonies by rhizomes <e.g. S. herbacea>/
       5. forming colonies by stem fragmentation/
 
#15. branches: brittleness: of 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. flexible at bases <branches not breaking when flexed toward stem>/
       2. somewhat brittle at bases <many, but not all, branches break when
          flexed toward stem>/
       3. highly brittle at bases <all branches break when flexed toward
          stem>/
       4. brittle throughout <branches brittle everywhere along the stem>/
 
#16. branches: color: of 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. yellowish/
       2. yellow-green/
       3. yellow-gray/
       4. yellow-brown/
       5. gray-brown/
       6. red-brown/
       7. violet/
       8. blackish/
       9. brownish/
       10. obscured by indumentum/
 
#17. branches: luster: of 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. dull/
       2. shiny/
       3. highly glossy/
 
#18. branches: glaucousness: of 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. not glaucous <lacking waxy coating>/
       2. weakly glaucous <thin but visible when scratched or as scattered
          crystals>/
       3. strongly glaucous <distinct bluish or whitish waxy coating covering
          all or most of stem.>/
 
#19. branches: general hairiness: of 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#20. Branches: indumentum type: on 1- to 2-year-old stems:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#21. branches: epidermis flakiness: on 3-4-year old stems:/
       1. inconspicuously flaking/
       2. conspicuously flaking <peeling in patches or strips>/
 
#22. branches: epidermis flakiness: on 3-4-year old stems:/
       1. in gray patches/
       2. in yellow-edged longitudinal splits/
       3. in gray-edged longitudinal splits/
       4. in minute flakes/
 
#23. branches: presence of diamond shaped depressions: on old stems:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#24. wood of peeled branches: striae presence: on branches 3-5 years old:/
       1. smooth <0, rarely to 3, longitudinal ridges on 1/2 of a 20 cm branch
          segment>/
       2. striate <raised longitudinal ridges, tops flat or arcuate>/
 
#25. wood of peeled branches: density of striae: on branches 3-5 years old:/
       1. sparse <1-10 on one side of 20 cm branch segment>/
       2. moderately dense <11-30 on one side of 20 cm branch segment>/
       3. very dense <more than 30 on one side of 20 cm branch segment>/
 
#26. wood of peeled branches: length of longitudinal striae: on branches 3-5
          years old:/
       mm <long>/
 
#27. wood of peeled branches: points or conical projections: on branches 3-5
          years old:/
       1. absent/
       2. present <in pairs or scattered>/
 
#28. wood of peeled branches: transverse lines: on branches 3-5 years old:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#29. branchlets: color: of stems of the year:/
       1. yellowish/
       2. yellow-green/
       3. yellow-brown/
       4. gray-brown/
       5. red-brown/
       6. violet/
       7. blackish/
       8. brownish/
       9. obscured by indumentum/
 
#30. branchlets: luster: of stems of the year:/
       1. dull/
       2. shiny/
       3. highly glossy/
 
#31. branchlets: glaucescence: of stems of the year:/
       1. not glaucous <lacking waxy coating>/
       2. weakly glaucous <visible when scratched or with isolated crystals>/
       3. strongly glaucous <bluish or whitish waxy coating covering all or
          most of stem.>/
 
#32. branchlets: general hairiness: of stems of the year:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#33. branchlets: indumentum density: on stems of the year:/
       1. sparse/
       2. moderately dense <surface 50% visible>/
       3. very dense <surface obscured>/
 
#34. branchlets: indumentum type: on stems of the year:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#35. branchlets: hairs orientation to surface: on stems of the year:/
       1. appressed/
       2. spreading <divergent>/
       3. erect/
 
#36. branchlets: hairs shape: on stems of the year:/
       1. straight/
       2. wavy/
       3. curved/
       4. crinkled/
       5. geniculate <abruptly curved near base>/
 
#37. buds: gradation type: <according to size, shape, and position>/
       1. alba-type <vegetative and reproductive buds of uniform size and shape>/
       2. arctica-type <apical buds large, followed by abruptly smaller set of
          buds>/
       3. caprea-type <vegetative and reproductive buds very different,
          reproductive toward tip, vegetative below>/
       4. transitional type <indeterminate>/
 
#38. bud scale margins: <outer prophyll> connation:/
       1. distinct and imbricate <sharp-pointed cap>/
       2. connate <blunt-pointed cap>/
 
#39. bud scale: inner membranaceous layer: <adnation of, as seen on open bud
          scales:>/
       1. free and separating from outer layer/
       2. free but not separating from outer layer/
       3. not free from outer layer/
 
#40. buds: color:/
       1. yellow-green/
       2. yellow-brown/
       3. brown/
       4. red-brown/
       5. violet/
       6. blackish/
 
#41. buds: hair color:/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#42. Cataphylls: <1-3 lowermost leaf-like bracts, not green, caducous>/
       1. absent/
       2. intermediate <i.e. sometimes greenish>/
       3. present/
 
#43. leaves: phyllotaxis:/
       1. opposite or subopposite/
       2. alternate/
 
#44. leaves: persistence:/
       1. deciduous in autumn/
       2. can persist for 2 or more years/
 
#45. persistent leaves: decay: <skeletonization>/
       1. remaining unskeletonized/
       2. becoming skeletonized/
 
#46. persistent leaves: color:/
       1. gray-brown/
       2. yellow-brown/
       3. red-brown/
 
#47. stipules: on first leaves:/
       1. absent/
       2. minute rudiments <usually brownish>/
       3. foliaceous <green and leaf-like>/
 
#48. stipules: on later leaves and vigorous shoots:/
       1. absent/
       2. minute rudiments <usually brownish>/
       3. foliaceous <green and leaf-like>/
 
#49. stipules: persistence:/
       1. early deciduous/
       2. deciduous in autumn/
       3. sometimes persisting for 2 or more years/
 
#50. stipules: length/
       mm <long>/
 
#51. stipules: apex shape:/
       1. caudate/
       2. acuminate/
       3. acute/
       4. convex/
       5. rounded/
 
#52. stipules: resinous:/
       1. not resinous <stain not left on pressing paper>/
       2. resinous <stain left on pressing paper>/
 
#53. petioles: transverse section shape: <at midpoint>/
       1. flat to convex adaxially <e.g. Sect. Cinerella>/
       2. shallowly grooved adaxially <e.g. Sect. Salix>/
       3. deeply grooved adaxially <e.g. Sect. Chamaetia>/
       4. deeply grooved adaxially, margins covering groove <e.g. S.
          gooddingii>/
 
#54. petioles: ventricose at base: <flaring around floral buds>/
       1. not ventricose/
       2. weakly ventricose <slightly flared at base of bud>/
       3. strongly ventricose <enclosing bud>/
 
#55. petioles: length:/
       mm <long>/
 
#56. petioles: leaf length-petiole length ratio: <based on largest medial
          leaves>/
 
#57. petioles: glands at distal end: <acropetiolar &-or basilaminar>/
       1. not glandular/
       2. with glandular dots or lobes/
 
#58. petioles: glands at distal end <structure>/
       1. paired spherical glands/
       2. clusters of spherical glands/
       3. stalked spherical glands/
       4. foliaceous glands/
 
#59. petioles: glands: position:/
       1. at distal end/
       2. scattered along petiole/
       3. basilaminar/
 
#60. petioles: adaxial surface general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#61. petioles: adaxial surface indumentum type:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#62. juvenile leaves: <distal, unfolding leaves> color:/
       1. reddish/
       2. yellowish green/
       3. color obscured by indumentum/
 
#63. juvenile leaves: general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#64. juvenile leaves: indumentum density:/
       1. sparse/
       2. moderately dense <surface 50% visible>/
       3. very dense <surface obscured>/
 
#65. juvenile leaves: indumentum abaxial surface:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#66. juvenile leaves: indumentum color:/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#67. Proximal leaves: stipules presence/
       1. absent or minute rudiments/
       2. foliaceous/
 
#68. proximal leaves: general margin dentition: only for identification/
       1. entire/
       2. toothed/
 
#69. proximal leaves: margin dentition:/
       1. entire/
       2. serrate <uniform, large teeth>/
       3. remotely or irregularly serrate/
       4. serrulate <uniform, small teeth>/
       5. denticulate/
       6. crenate/
       7. crenulate/
       8. undulate/
 
#70. proximal leaves: presence of glandular dots: <only applies to margins of
          entire leaves>/
       1. not glandular-dotted/
       2. glandular-dotted/
 
#71. largest medial leaf blades: stomatal patterns:/
       1. hypostomatous <stomata on abaxial surface only>/
       2. amphistomatous <stomata uniformly dense on both surfaces>/
       3. hemiamphistomatous <stomata on adaxial surface scattered along veins
          or at apex>/
 
#72. largest medial leaf blades: secondary vein architecture:/
       1. pinnate <secondaries arising along primary rachis>/
       2. first two secondaries arising at or close to a single point at base
          of leaf and curve toward apex <campylodromous>/
 
#73. largest medial leaf blades: secondary veins position in mesophyll:/
       1. impressed adaxially, protruding abaxially <to abaxial edge of
          mesophyll>/
       2. flat adaxially and abaxially <to middle of mesophyll>/
       3. protruding adaxially and abaxially/
       4. protruding adaxially, flat abaxially/
       5. flat adaxially, protruding abaxially/
 
#74. largest medial leaf blades: shape: <medial leaves>/
       1. linear <10:1, widest in mid-zone>/
       2. lorate <6:1, widest in mid-zone>/
       3. narrowly oblong <3:1, widest in mid-zone>/
       4. oblong <2:1, widest in mid-zone>/
       5. broadly oblong <1.5:1, widest in mid-zone>/
       6. very broadly oblong <1.2:1 or less, widest in mid-zone>/
       7. very narrowly elliptic <6:1 or more, widest at middle>/
       8. narrowly elliptic <3:1, widest at middle>/
       9. elliptic <2:1, widest at middle>/
       10. broadly elliptic <1.5:1, widest at middle>/
       11. subcircular <1.2:1, widest at middle>/
       12. circular <1:1, widest at middle>/
       13. lanceolate <3:1 or more, widest toward base>/
       14. narrowly ovate <2:1, widest toward base>/
       15. ovate <1.5:1, widest toward base>/
       16. broadly ovate <1.2:1, widest toward base>/
       17. very broadly ovate <1:1 or less, widest toward base>/
       18. narrowly oblanceolate <6:1 or more, widest toward apex>/
       19. oblanceolate <3:1, widest toward apex>/
       20. obovate <2:1, widest toward apex>/
       21. broadly obovate <1.2:1, widest toward apex>/
       22. very broadly obovate <1:1 or less, widest toward apex>/
 
#75. largest medial leaf blades: length:/
       mm <long>/
 
#76. largest medial leaf blades: width:/
       mm <wide>/
 
#77. largest medial leaf blades: length-width ratio:/
 
#78. largest medial leaf blades: base shape: based on proximal 0.25L/
       1. cuneate <Margin at base essentially straight.>/
       2. slightly decurrent <Margin joins petiole in a concave arc.>/
       3. convex <Margin at base curving away from center of blade.>/
       4. rounded <Margin at base forming a smooth arc.>/
       5. concave <Margin at base curving toward center of blade.>/
       6. subcordate <Margin at base slightly lobed, concave at petiole 
		and convex to rounded away from petiole.>/
       7. cordate <Margin at base distinctly lobed, sides of lobes toward 
		petiole straight,	convex, or concave.>/

#79. Largest medial leaf blades: Base angle <measured from attachment of
          petiole to 0.25 blade length>/
       1. angle less than 90 deg. <acute>/
       2. angle greater than 90 deg. <obtuse>/
 
#80. largest medial leaf blades: margin revolution:/
       1. strongly revolute/
       2. slightly revolute/
       3. flat/
 
#81. Largest medial leaf blades margins: ciliation/
       1. not ciliate/
       2. ciliate/
 
#82. largest medial leaf blades: margin general toothing:/
       1. entire/
       2. toothed/
 
#83. largest medial leaf blades: presence of glandular dots: <on entire
          margin>/
       1. not glandular-dotted/
       2. glandular-dotted/
 
#84. largest medial leaf blades: position of glands: <on entire or toothed
          margins>/
       1. marginal/
       2. submarginal <on adaxial surface slightly in from edge>/
       3. epilaminal <on adaxial surface well in from edge>/
 
#85. largest medial leaf blades: margin dentition type:/
       1. entire <margin smooth, no teeth or undulations>/
       2. serrate <closely spaced large teeth>/
       3. remotely or irregularly serrate <widely spaced large teeth>/
       4. serrulate <closely spaced small teeth>/
       5. spinulose-serrulate <closely spaced elongated teeth>/
       6. remotely spinulose-serrulate <widely spaced elongated teeth>/
       7. crenate <curved indentations>/
       8. crenulate <small, curved indentations>/
       9. undulate <wavy, up and down, in and out>/
 
#86. largest medial leaf blades: position of teeth:/
       1. all around margin/
       2. at proximal end/
       3. at distal end/
 
#87. largest medial leaf blades: teeth or gland number:/
       per cm/
 
#88. largest medial leaf blades: apex shape: based on distal 0.25L./
       1. acute <Margin at apex with no significant curvature.>/
       2. acuminate <Margin at apex distinctly concave and gradually tapering 
		to tip.>/
       3. caudate <Margin at apex distinctly concave and gradually tapering to 
		a long, tail-like tip.>/
       4. convex <Margin at apex curving away from centre of blade.>/
       5. rounded <Margin at apex forming a smooth arc. Subtype of convex.>/
       6. retuse <Apex slightly notched, less than 5%.>/
       7. emarginate <Apex deeply notched, 5-25%.>/
 
#89. Largest medial leaf blades: Apex angle <measured from leaf tip to 0.75
          blade length>/
       1. angle less than 90 deg. <acute>/
       2. angle greater than 90 deg. <obtuse>/
 
#90. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface glaucescence: <waxy bloom>/
       1. not glaucous <lacking waxy coating>/
       2. glaucous <bluish or whitish waxy coating>/
       3. obscured by indumentum/
 
#91. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface glaucescence density:/
       1. a thin waxy bloom <polishes but not whitish>/
       2. a thick waxy bloom <stomata sometimes visible through wax as dots>/
       3. a very thick waxy bloom <stomata not visible>/
 
#92. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#93. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial indumentum density:/
       1. sparse/
       2. moderately dense <surface 50% visible>/
       3. very dense <surface obscured>/
 
#94. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface indumentum type:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#95. Largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface hairiness/
       1. all over/
       2. along midrib/
       3. at margins/
 
#96. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface hair orientation:/
       1. appressed/
       2. spreading <divergent>/
       3. erect/
 
#97. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial indumentum color:/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#98. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface hair shape:/
       1. straight/
       2. wavy/
       3. curved/
       4. crinkled/
 
#99. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface hair relative length:/
       1. minute <less than 0.5 mm>/
       2. short <ca. 0.5 mm>/
       3. long <longer than 0.5 mm>/
 
#100. largest medial leaf blades: abaxial surface hair texture:/
       1. fine/
       2. coarse/
 
#101. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface luster:/
       1. dull/
       2. shiny/
       3. highly glossy/
 
#102. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface glaucescence:/
       1. not glaucous <lacking waxy coating>/
       2. glaucous <bluish or whitish waxy coating>/
 
#103. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#104. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface indumentum density:/
       1. sparse/
       2. moderately dense <surface 50% visible>/
       3. very dense <surface obscured>/
 
#105. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface indumentum type:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#106. Largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface hairiness/
       1. all over/
       2. along midrib/
       3. at margins/
 
#107. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface hair orientation:/
       1. appressed/
       2. spreading <divergent>/
       3. erect/
 
#108. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface hair color:/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#109. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface hair relative length:/
       1. minute <less than 0.5 mm>/
       2. short <ca. 0.5 mm>/
       3. long <longer than ca. 0.5 mm>/
 
#110. largest medial leaf blades: adaxial surface hair texture:/
       1. fine/
       2. coarse/
 
#111. Catkins: flowering: <relative time of flowering and emergence of
          leaves>/
       1. before leaves emerge <precocious>/
       2. just before leaves emerge <subprecocious>/
       3. as leaves emerge <coetaneous>/
       4. throughout the season <flowering more than once in growing season>/
 
#112. catkins: position on previous year's shoot:/
       1. arising from a subterminal bud/
       2. arising from lateral buds/
 
#113. catkins: branching:/
       1. branched/
       2. unbranched/
 
#114. catkins: axis rigidity <rachis>/
       1. lax <more or less pendulous>/
       2. rigid <erect>/
 
#115. staminate catkins: density: <catkins in flower:>/
       1. very densely flowered <rachis not visible>/
       2. moderately densely flowered <rachis partly visible>/
       3. loosely flowered <rachis clearly visible>/
 
#116. staminate catkins: general shape: <catkins in flower>/
       1. slender <greater than 4x longer than wide>/
       2. stout <4x or less longer than wide>/
       3. subglobose <slightly longer than wide (1.3-1.1x)>/
       4. globose <length and width equal>/
       5. indeterminate <few-flowered, shape not applicable>/
 
#117. staminate catkins: length of flowering rachis:/
       mm <long>/
 
#118. staminate catkins: length including peduncle:/
       mm <long>/
 
#119. staminate catkins: width: <of pressed catkin in flower>/
       mm <wide>/
 
#120. Staminate catkins: length-width ratio: <of flowering rachis>/
 
#121. staminate catkins: peduncle length: <distance from proximal flower to 
	distal leaf on flowering branchlet, catkins in flower>/
       mm <long>/
 
#122. staminate catkins: flowering branchlets presence: <catkins in flower>/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#123. staminate catkins: flowering branchlets length: <catkins in flower>/
       mm <long>/
 
#124. pistillate catkins: density: <catkins in flower>/
       1. very densely flowered <rachis not visible>/
       2. moderately densely flowered <rachis partly visible>/
       3. loosely flowered <rachis clearly visible>/
 
#125. pistillate catkins: general shape: <catkins in flower>/
       1. slender <greater than 4x longer than wide>/
       2. stout <4x or less longer than wide>/
       3. subglobose <slightly longer than wide (1.3-1.1x)>/
       4. globose <length and width equal>/
       5. indeterminate <few-flowered, shape not applicable>/
 
#126. pistillate catkins: flowering rachis length:/
       mm <long>/
 
#127. pistillate catkins: length including peduncle:/
       mm <long>/
 
#128. pistillate catkins: width: <pressed catkins in flower>/
       mm <wide>/
 
#129. Pistillate catkins: length-width ratio: <of flowering rachis>/
 
#130. pistillate catkins: peduncle length: <distance from proximal flower to
          distal leaf on flowering branchlet: catkins in flower>/
       mm <long>/
 
#131. pistillate catkins: flowering branchlet presence: <catkins in flower>/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#132. pistillate catkins: flowering branchlet length: <catkins in flower>/
       mm <long>/
 
#133. Pistillate fruiting catkins: persistence:/
       1. deciduous by end of growing season/
       2. persistent through the winter/
 
#134. floral bracts: color: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. tawny/
       2. light rose/
       3. greenish/
       4. bicolor <darker at tip>/
       5. brown/
       6. black/
 
#135. floral bracts: texture/
       1. membranous/
       2. not membranous/
 
#136. floral bracts: shape: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. widest at proximal end/
       2. widest at middle/
       3. widest at distal end/
 
#137. floral bracts: length: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       mm <long>/
 
#138. floral bracts: abaxial surface general hairiness: <staminate and
          pistillate:>/
       1. glabrous/
       2. hairy/
 
#139. floral bracts: abaxial surface indumentum density: <staminate and
          pistillate:>/
       1. sparse/
       2. moderately dense <surface 50% visible>/
       3. very dense <surface obscured>/
 
#140. floral bracts: abaxial surface indumentum position: <staminate and
          pistillate:>/
       1. hairy all over/
       2. hairy mainly at distal end/
       3. hairy mainly at proximal end/
       4. ciliate/
 
#141. floral bracts: abaxial surface hair color: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#142. floral bracts: abaxial surface hair shape: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. straight/
       2. wavy/
       3. curly/
       4. crinkled/
 
#143. floral bracts: apex shape: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. acute <margins slightly curved, form less than right angle>/
       2. convex <margins slightly curved, form more than right angle>/
       3. rounded <margins forming a smooth arc>/
       4. truncate <as if cut at right angles to rachis>/
       5. retuse <slightly notched>/
 
#144. floral bracts apex dentition: <staminate and pistillate:>/
       1. entire/
       2. bifid/
       3. toothed/
       4. erose/
 
#145. pistillate floral bracts: deciduousness:/
       1. deciduous in fruit/
       2. persistent in fruit/
 
#146. staminate flowers: abaxial nectary presence:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#147. staminate flowers: abaxial nectary lobing:/
       1. unlobed <appearing as a single unit>/
       2. two or more lobes <prominent lobes>/
 
#148. staminate flowers: abaxial nectary lobe connation: <includes only
          prominent lobes>/
       1. lobes distinct/
       2. lobes connate/
 
#149. staminate flowers: abaxial nectary length: <excluding cup in flowers
          with cup-shaped nectaries>/
       mm <long>/
 
#150. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary presence:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#151. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary lobing:/
       1. unlobed/
       2. two or more lobes <distinct lobes>/
 
#152. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary lobe connation: <includes only
          prominent lobes>/
       1. lobes distinct/
       2. lobes connate/
 
#153. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary shape:/
       1. narrowly oblong <slender-rod, widest in mid-zone, length more than 3
          times width>/
       2. oblong <broad-rod, widest in mid-zone, length 2-3 times width>/
       3. transverse-oblong <laterally oblong>/
       4. square <about as long as wide>/
       5. ovate <egg-shaped, broadest at base, narrowed toward tip>/
       6. flask-shaped <more or less abruptly tapering neck>/
       7. narrowly ovate <narrow egg-shape>/
       8. depressed-ovate <egg-shaped but broader than long>/
       9. obovate <inverse egg-shaped widest toward distal end>/
       10. triangular <broadest at proximal end>/
       11. obtriangular <inverted triangle, narrowest at the proximal end>/
       12. irregular <not easily defined shape>/
 
#154. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary base:/
       1. not half-surrounding stamens/
       2. half-surrounding base of stamens/
 
#155. staminate flowers: adaxial nectary length: <excluding cup in flowers
          with cup-shaped nectaries>/
       mm <long>/
 
#156. staminate flowers: abaxial and adaxial nectaries connation: <into a full
          or partial cup:>/
       1. distinct/
       2. connate and cup-shaped <cup shallow or deep; sometimes not connate
          along one edge>/
 
#157. staminate flowers: stamen number: <number per flower:>/
 
#158. staminate flowers: anther color:/
       1. yellow <including tawny>/
       2. purple <dark purple>/
       3. purple becoming yellow/
       4. reddish <or brownish> becoming yellow/
 
#159. staminate flowers: anther shape: <after dehiscence:>/
       1. ellipsoid/
       2. short-cylindrical <3x or less as long as wide>/
       3. long-cylindrical <greater than 3x as long as wide>/
       4. ovoid <broadest at proximal end>/
       5. obovoid <broadest at distal end>/
       6. subglobose/
 
#160. staminate flowers: anther rachis shape: <after dehiscence:>/
       1. straight/
       2. twisted/
       3. slightly recurved/
       4. strongly recurved/
 
#161. staminate flowers: anther length: <dry, empty, after dehiscence:>/
       mm <long>/
 
#162. staminate flowers: filament union:/
       1. distinct/
       2. connate less than half/
       3. connate more than half/
 
#163. staminate flowers: filament general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous/
       2. hairy/
 
#164. staminate flowers: filament indumentum position:/
       1. hairy all over/
       2. hairy on lower half/
       3. hairy at base/
 
#165. pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary presence:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#166. pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary lobing: <includes only prominent
          lobes>/
       1. unlobed/
       2. two or more lobes/
 
#167. pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary lobe connation:/
       1. lobes distinct/
       2. lobes connate/
 
#168. pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary length: <excluding cup in flowers
          with cup-shaped nectaries>/
       mm <long>/
 
#169. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary presence:/
       1. absent/
       2. present/
 
#170. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary lobing:/
       1. unlobed <appearing as a single unit>/
       2. two or more lobes <distinct lobes>/
 
#171. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary lobe connation: <includes only
          prominent lobes:>/
       1. lobes distinct/
       2. lobes connate/
 
#172. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary shape:/
       1. narrowly oblong <slender-rod, widest in mid-zone, length more than 3
          times width>/
       2. oblong <broad-rod, widest in mid-zone, length 2-3 times width>/
       3. transverse-oblong <laterally oblong>/
       4. square <about as long as wide>/
       5. ovate <egg-shaped, broadest at base, narrowed toward tip>/
       6. flask-shaped <more or less abruptly tapering neck>/
       7. narrowly ovate <narrow egg-shape>/
       8. depressed-ovate <egg-shaped but broader than long>/
       9. obovate <inverse egg-shaped widest toward distal end>/
       10. triangular <broadest at proximal end>/
       11. obtriangular <inverted triangle, narrowest at the proximal end>/
       12. irregular <not easily defined shape>/
 
#173. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary base:/
       1. not half-surrounding stipe/
       2. half-surrounding base of stipe/
 
#174. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary length: <excluding cup in flowers
          with cup-shaped nectaries>/
       mm <long>/
 
#175. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary-stipe length ratio:/
       1. shorter than stipes/
       2. equal to stipes/
       3. longer than stipes/
 
#176. pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary texture:/
       1. swollen/
       2. flattened <thick and tongue-like>/
       3. thin/
 
#177. pistillate flowers: connation of abaxial and adaxial nectaries: <note if
          completely or incompletely cup-shaped and depth of cup>/
       1. distinct/
       2. connate and cup-shaped <cup shallow or deep; sometimes not connate
          along one edge>/
 
#178. pistillate flowers: ovary color:/
       1. obscured by hairs/
       2. greenish/
       3. greenish brown/
       4. greenish with red sutures/
       5. reddish/
       6. mottled green and red/
 
#179. pistillate flowers: ovary shape:/
       1. obclavate <inverse club-shaped>/
       2. pyriform <pear-shaped>/
       3. ovoid <egg-shaped>/
       4. gourd-shaped <lageniform>/
       5. obturbinate <inverse top-shaped>/
       6. obnapiform <inverse turnip-shaped>/
       7. squat flask-shaped <ampulliform>/
       8. ellipsoidal <spindle-shaped>/
 
#180. pistillate flowers: ovary beak shape:/
       1. gradually tapering to style <no evident transition>/
       2. slightly bulged below style <slight curve to style>/
       3. abruptly tapering to style/
 
#181. pistillate flowers: ovary general hairiness:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#182. pistillate flowers: ovary indumentum density:/
       1. in patches or streaks/
       2. sparse <surface clearly visible>/
       3. moderately dense <surface partly visible>/
       4. very dense <surface not visible>/
 
#183. pistillate flowers: ovary indumentum type:/
       1. glabrous <without hairs>/
       2. glabrescent <becoming glabrous in age but a few hairs remaining>/
       3. puberulent <very sparse, short, fine, straight or wavy, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       4. pubescent <sparse to dense, short, fine, wavy or straight, spreading
          hairs>/
       5. pilose <very sparse, long, fine, wavy or straight, spreading hairs>/
       6. villous <sparse to dense, long, fine, straight or wavy, spreading
          hairs>/
       7. tomentose <dense, short, rather firm, more or less matted, erect or
          spreading hairs>/
       8. woolly <very dense, long, fine, spreading, wavy, more or less matted
          hairs>/
       9. short-silky <sparse to dense, short (less than 0.5 mm), fine,
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       10. long-silky <sparse to dense, fine, long (0.5 mm or greater),
          straight or wavy, appressed, shiny hairs>/
       11. velvety <very dense, short, fine, straight, erect hairs of
          relatively uniform length>/
 
#184. pistillate flowers: ovary hair orientation to surface:/
       1. appressed/
       2. spreading <divergent>/
 
#185. pistillate flowers: ovary hair color:/
       1. white/
       2. gray/
       3. yellowish/
       4. ferruginous/
       5. white and ferruginous/
 
#186. pistillate flowers: ovary hair shape:/
       1. straight/
       2. wavy/
       3. crinkled/
 
#187. pistillate flowers: ovary hair type:/
       1. cylindrical/
       2. flattened <edges thickened, sometimes refractive>/
       3. ribbon-like <flat and refractive>/
 
#188. pistillate flowers: ovary glaucescence:/
       1. not glaucous <lacking waxy coating or obscured by indumentum>/
       2. glaucous <bluish or whitish waxy coating>/
 
#189. pistillate flowers: style connation:/
       1. connate/
       2. slightly distinct at distal end <less than 0.25 its length>/
       3. distinct about half its length <ca. 0.25-0.75 its length>/
       4. distinct <ca. to base>/
 
#190. pistillate flowers: style color:/
       1. greenish or tawny/
       2. reddish or brownish/
 
#191. pistillate flowers: style length:/
       mm <long>/
 
#192. pistillate flowers: stipe length:/
       mm <long>/
 
#193. pistillate flowers: stigmas: position/
       1. carinal <distinct from neighboring stigmas>/
       2. commissural <connate with neighboring stigmas>/
       3. commissural becoming carinal in age/
 
#194. pistillate flowers: stigma persistence:/
       1. persistent/
       2. deciduous after flowering/
 
#195. pistillate flowers: stigma shape:/
       1. flat with rounded tips <e.g. S. amygdaloides>/
       2. flat with pointed tips <e.g. S. geyeriana>/
       3. slender-cylindrical <e.g. S. alaxensis>/
       4. broad-cylindrical <e.g. S. hookeriana>/
       5. two plump lobes <e.g. S. commutata>/
 
#196. pistillate flowers: stigma lobe length: <length of papillose portion>/
       mm <long>/
 
#197. pistillate flowers: capsule length:/
       mm/
 
#198. pistillate flowers: capsule indumentum:/
       1. glabrous <or glabrescent>/
       2. hairy/
 
#199. pistillate flowers: number of ovules per ovary:/
 
#200. 2n = <chromosome number:>/
       1. 38 <2x>/
       2. 57 <3x>/
       3. 76 <4x>/
       4. 95 <5x>/
       5. 114 <6x>/
       6. 152 <8x>/
       7. 190 <10x>/
       8. 228 <12x>/
       9. unknown/
 
#201. <chromosome number reference> <author and date>/
 
#202. flowering: <time>/
 
#203. elevation:/
       m/
 
#204. indigenous status in North America:/
       1. native/
       2. introduced/
 
#205. cultivated status in North America:/
       1. cultivated <only>/
       2. naturalized/
 
#206. distribution: <FNA order:>/
       1. Greenland/
       2. St. Pierre and Miquelon/
       3. Canada/
       4. United States/
       5. Mexico/
       6. West Indies/
       7. Bermuda/
       8. Central America/
       9. South America/
       10. Eurasia/
       11. Europe/
       12. Asia/
       13. Eastern Asia/
 
#207. distribution in North America: <general>/
       1. west of 102nd meridian/
       2. east of 102nd meridian/
 
#208. Canada: <distribution:>/
       1. Alta./
       2. B.C./
       3. Lab./
       4. Man./
       5. N.B./
       6. Nfld./
       7. N.W.T./
       8. N.S./
       9. Nunavut/
       10. Ont./
       11. P.E.I./
       12. Que./
       13. Sask./
       14. Yukon/
 
#209. U.S.A.: <distribution:>/
       1. Ala./
       2. Alaska/
       3. Ariz./
       4. Ark./
       5. Calif./
       6. Colo./
       7. Conn./
       8. Del./
       9. D.C./
       10. Fla./
       11. Ga./
       12. Idaho/
       13. Ill./
       14. Ind./
       15. Iowa/
       16. Kans./
       17. Ky./
       18. La./
       19. Maine/
       20. Md./
       21. Mass./
       22. Mich./
       23. Minn./
       24. Miss./
       25. Mo./
       26. Mont./
       27. Nebr./
       28. Nev./
       29. N.H./
       30. N.J./
       31. N.Mex./
       32. N.C./
       33. N.Dak./
       34. N.Y./
       35. Ohio/
       36. Okla./
       37. Oreg./
       38. Pa./
       39. R.I./
       40. S.C./
       41. S.Dak./
       42. Tenn./
       43. Tex./
       44. Utah/
       45. Vt./
       46. Va./
       47. Wash./
       48. W.Va./
       49. Wis./
       50. Wyo./
 
#210. Mexico: <distribution:>/
       1. A.G.S./
       2. Baja Calif./
       3. Baja Calif. S./
       4. Camp./
       5. Chia./
       6. Chih./
       7. Coah./
       8. Col./
       9. Dur./
       10. D.F./
       11. Gua./
       12. Guer./
       13. Hid./
       14. Jal./
       15. Mex./
       16. Mic./
       17. Mor./
       18. Nay./
       19. N.L./
       20. Oax./
       21. Pueb./
       22. Qro./
       23. Q.R./
       24. S.L.P./
       25. Sin./
       26. Son./
       27. Taba./
       28. Tam./
       29. Tlax./
       30. Vera./
       31. Yuc./
       32. Zac./
 
#211. California Geographical Regions:/
       1. Northwestern California Region NW/
       2. Cascade Region CaR/
       3. Sierra Nevada SN/
       4. Great Central Valley Region GV/
       5. Central Western California Region CW/
       6. Southwestern California Region SW/
       7. Modoc Plateau Region MP/
       8. East of Sierra Nevada Region SNE/
       9. Mojave Desert Region DMoj/
       10. Sonoran Desert Region DSon/
 
#212. California Geographical Subregions:/
       1. North Coast Subregion NCo/
       2. Klamath Ranges Subregion KR /
       3. North Coast Ranges Subregion NCoR/
       4. Cascade Range Foothills Subregion CaRF/
       5. High Cascade Range Subregion CaRH/
       6. Sierra Nevada Foothills Subregion SNF/
       7. High Sierra Nevada Subregion SNH/
       8. Techapi Mountains Subregion Teh/
       9. Sacramento Valley Subregion ScV/
       10. San Joaquin Valley Subregion SnJV/
       11. Central Coast Subregion CCo/
       12. San Francisco Bay Area Subregion SnFrB/
       13. South Coast Ranges Subregion SCoR/
       14. South Coast Subregion SCo/
       15. Channel Islands Subregion ChI/
       16. Transverse Ranges Subregion TR/
       17. Peninsular Ranges Subregion PR/
       18. Warner Mountains Subregion Wrn/
       19. White and Inyo Mountains Subregion W&I/
       20. Desert Mountains Subregion DMtns/
 
#213. California Geographical Districts:/
       1. Outer North Coast Ranges District NCoRO/
       2. High North Coast Ranges District NCoRH/
       3. Inner North Coast Ranges District NCoRI/
       4. Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills District n SNF/
       5. Central Sierra Nevada Foothills District c SNF/
       6. Southern Sierra Nevada Foothills District s SNF/
       7. Northern High Sierra Nevada District n SNH/
       8. Central High Sierra Nevada District c SNH/
       9. Southern High Sierra Nevada District s SNH/
       10. Outer South Coast Ranges District SCoRO/
       11. Inner South Coast Ranges District SCoRI/
       12. Northern Channel Islands District n ChI/
       13. Southern Channel Islands District s ChI/
       14. Western Transverse Ranges District WTR/
       15. San Gabriel Mountains District SnGb/
       16. San Bernardino Mountains District SnBr/
       17. San Jacinto Mountains District SnJt/
 
#214. Subg. <Subgenera>/
       1. Protitea/
       2. Salix/
       3. Longifoliae/
       4. Vetrix/
       5. Chamaetia/
 
#215. Sect. <Subg. Protitea>/
       1. Floridanae/
       2. Humboldtianae/
 
#216. Sect. <Subg. Salix>/
       1. Salix/
       2. Subalbae/
       3. Salicaster/
 
#217. Sect. <Subg. Longifoliae>/
       1. Longifoliae/
 
#218. <Classification> Sect. <Subg. Vetrix>/
       1. Arbuscella/
       2. Argyrocarpae/
       3. Breweriana/
       4. Canae/
       5. Candidae/
       6. Cordatae/
       7. Fulvae/
       8. Geyerianae/
       9. Griseae/
       10. Hastatae/
       11. Helix/
       12. Lanatae/
       13. Maccallinae/
       14. Mexicanae/
       15. Phylicifoliae/
       16. Sitchenses/
       17. Cinerella/
       18. Viminella/
       19. Villosae/
 
#219. Sect. <Subg. Chamaetia>/
       1. Diplodictyae/
       2. Chamaetia/
       3. Glaucae/
       4. Myrtilloides/
       5. Myrtosalix/
       6. Ovalifoliae/
       7. Herbella/
       8. Setchellianae/
 
#220. <Other comments>/
 
#221. References for cnotes/
 
#222. References for chromosome numbers/

#223. largest medial leaf blades: proportional leaf shape:/
	1. 4x or less as long as wide/
	2. greater than 4x as long as wide/